unit1 Understanding Chinese Culture

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Unit 1 Understanding Chinese Culture

A. Which day in the 15-day celebration is for the sons-in-laws to pay a visit to their parents-in-law? The third and fourth days.
B. What is the fifth day called? Po Woo.
Reading Comprehension
7 Like many Chinese New Year traditions, the food prepared for the occasion is linked with ideas of good fortune for the coming year. Red meat would certainly not be on the menu because it is considered bad luck to eat it at this time. Fish, however, with its relationship to long life and plenty, is a traditional New Year favourite. Savoury dumplings called “Jiaozi”, eaten at the New Year’s Eve family gathering, are thought to encourage large and happy families. However, truly bad luck would be waiting on anyone who served them or ate them from cracked or chipped plates! Whatever lucky food is served at the party, there’s certain to be a lot of it. A table full of leftovers after everyone has eaten their fill is another sign of future prosperity!

中华优秀传统文化英文解读unit1texta

中华优秀传统文化英文解读1. Introduction中华优秀传统文化是我国几千年来形成的丰富而深厚的文化遗产，它涵盖了我国人民对生活、社会、宇宙和人生的认知和积淀，是我国文化的精髓和灵魂。

本文将对中华优秀传统文化进行英文解读，以便更好地向世界展示我国独特的文化魅力。

2. ConfucianismConfucianism is a system of ethics and philosophy based on the teachings of Confucius, a Chinese philosopher who lived during the Spring and Autumn period. Confucianism emphasizes the importance of family, respect for elders, and the cultivation of virtue. It also promotes the idea of a harmonious society and the concept of 'ren', or benevolence, as the highest virtue. Confucianism has had a profound impact on Chinese society and has greatly influenced the social, political, and cultural norms in China.3. DaoismDaoism, also known as Taoism, is a philosophical and religious tradition that emphasizes living in harmony with the Dao, or the way of nature. It promotes the idea of non-action, or 'wu wei',and advocates for spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness. Daoism also incorporates practices such as meditation, qigong, and T本人 Chi, which 本人m to cultivate the body, mind, and spirit in order to achieve a state of balance and harmony.4. Chinese CalligraphyChinese calligraphy is a highly esteemed art form that has been practiced for thousands of years. It is considered a reflection of the calligrapher's personality, emotions, and state of mind, and is often regarded as a form of meditation. Chinese calligraphy epasses various styles and techniques, such as seal script, clerical script, standard script, and cursive script, each with its own unique characteristics and aesthetic appeal.5. Chinese Traditional MedicineChinese traditional medicine, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, and qigong, is a holistic system of healthcare that has been practiced in China for over 2,000 years. It is based on the principles of Yin and Yang, the Five Elements, and the concept of Qi, or vital energy. Chinese traditional medicine 本人ms to restore the balance and harmony of the body, mind, and spirit in order to promote health and prevent disease.6. ConclusionIn conclusion, 中华优秀传统文化 epasses a diverse range of philosophical, artistic, and medical traditions that have shaped Chinese society and culture for millennia. By understanding and appreciating these cultural treasures, we can g本人n insight into the values, beliefs, and aspirations of the Chinese people, and foster greater mutual understanding and respect between different cultures in our increasingly interconnected world. Let us continue to cherish and preserve the richness and wisdom of 中华优秀传统文化 for the benefit of future generations.。

中国文化英语教程文本 (1)精选全文

精选全文完整版（可编辑修改）Part I Wisdom and BeliefsUnit 1 Confucian thought on heaven and humanityConfucius (551-479 BC), known in China as Kongzi, given name Qiu and alias Zhongni, was a native of Zouyi (present-day Qufu in Shandong Province) of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). A great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism, Confucius is an ancient sage to the Chinese people. His words and life story were recorded by his disciples and their students in The Analects (Lunyu).Confucius on Heaven: the source of EverythingIn the Shang (1600-1046 BC) and Zhou (1046-256 BC) dynasties, the prevalent concept of “Heaven”was that of a personified god, which influenced Confucius. Generally, however, Confucius regarded “Heaven” as nature. He said, “Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things.”Obviously, heaven equaled nature, in the eyes of Confucius. Moreover, nature was not a lifeless mechanism separate from humans; instead, it was the great world of life and the process of creation of life. Human life was part and parcel of nature as a whole.Confucius on People: ren and liRen and Li are the two core concepts of Confucius’s doctrine about people.When his students Fan Chi asked him about ren, Confucius replied, “love people”. This is Confucius’ most important interpretation of ren. Love for the people is universal love. Confucius further emphasized that this kind of love should “begin with the love for one’s parents”. He believed no one could love people in general if they did not even love their own parents. Confucius regarded “filial piety and fraternal duty”as the essence of ren. The Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong) quotes Confucius as saying, “The greatest love for people is the love for one’s parents.” He also said, “Children should not travel far while their parents are alive. If they have no choice but to do so, they must retain some restraint.” He did not mean that children should not leave their parents at all. What he meant was that children should not make the parents anxious about them while away from home. Confucius said again, “Children should think often of the age of their parents. They should feel happy for the health and longevity of their parents. They should also feel concern for the aging of their parents.”By ren, Confucius meant universal love based on love for one’s parents. How should people love one another then? Confucius said, “One should be aware that other people may have similar desires as oneself. While fulfilling one’s desires, allow others to fulfill their desires as well.” He further said, “Do not do toward others anything you would not want to be done to you.” Thus from oneself to one’s family, from family to society, one should extend love to all people. Mencius (c. 372-289 BC), a great Confucian scholar, best summarized ren as, “loving one’s parents, loving the people, loving everything in the world.”Li refers to rituals, traditions and norms in social life. Of these, Confucius regarded burial rituals and ancestral worship rituals as the most important, because they rose from human feelings. He said, “A child should not leave his parents’ bosom until he is three years old.” He naturally love hisparents. The ritual of wearing mourning for a deceased parent for three years was an expression of the child’s love and remembrance.Confucius on the State of lifeBefore Confucius, only the nobility had the right to education. He was the first figure in Chinese history to initiate private education. According to historical records, Confucius taught for many years and trained 3,000 disciples. A total of 72 of them excelled in the “six arts”, i.e., ritual, music, archery, (carriage)driving, calligraphy, and mathematics. A great educator, Confucius has been admired by later generations as the “sage of sages”.Confucius believed the basic goal of education was to cultivate “persons of virtue”, who should have sound character and uplifted minds. Such people should be able to shoulder important social responsibilities and to make contributions to society. Confucius regarded lofty ideals, great virtue, love of people, and the “six arts” as the general principles of education. Of these, virtue was the most important. His students were involved in a variety of professions, including politics, trade, education, diplomacy, ritual ceremony, and classifying ancient books. Whatever they did, they all wanted to improve their learning of the humanities and to enhance their virtue.Unit 2 Laozi’s philosophy of Non-actionThe book Laozi was written around the sixth century BC. The author is generally believed to be Lao Dan, or Laozi – a recluse who lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. Few records have survived about Lao Dan, who was said to have once held a low civil position in the royal court, in chare of the archival records of the Zhou Dynasty. Yet, due to his great learning, even Confucius was said to have traveled miles to consult him.Laozi, also known as Classic of the Way and Virtue (Dao De Jing), consists of just over 5,000 Chinese characters. Its 81 chapters are divided into two parts, Dao (the Way) and De (Virtue). Short as it is, the book has played a tremendous role in the development of Chinese culture. It became the basis of Daoism, the school of philosophy parallel to Confucianism in ancient China. The thought of Laozi formed the foundation of Daoism, the most influential indigenous school of religion in China. It has also exerted a direct impact on the characteristics, trends of thought and aesthetic sensibilities of the Chinese nation. Today Laozi still plays a role in the development of Chinese thinking. Naturalness and Non-action“Naturalness” is an important concept of Laozi’s philosophy. It refers to a natural state of being, an attitude of following the way of nature. Laozi emphasized that everything in the world has its own way of being and development: birds fly in the sky, fish swim in the water, clouds float in the sky, flowers bloom and flowers fall. All these phenomena occur independently and naturally without following any human will, and humans should not try to change anything natural. Laozi admonished people to give up on any desire to control the world. Following the way of nature is the way to resolving conflicts between humans and the world.“Non-action”is another important concept of Laozi’s philosophy. It is the guarantee of “Naturalness”. Laozi said, “(Dao or the Way) acts through non-action,”by which he did no mean that one should do nothing and passively wait for something to be achieved. Neither did he deny human creativity. What he meant is that human enterprises should be built on the basis of naturalness, not on many attempts to interrupt the rhythm of nature. Human creativity should be in compliance with the ways of nature.The philosophy of Non-contentionOn the basis of “naturalness”and “non-action”, Laozi proposed the view of “overcoming the strong by being weak”. The era Laozi lived in was replete with endless wars. Therefore, war was an important treme for philosophers, and ant-war thinking was the norm. Even the great strategist Sunzi advocated “winning a war without fighting it”, not to mention the great thinker Confucius, who strongly championed a government based on love. Their contemporary Mozi (c. 468-376 BC), founder of Mohism, also condemned wars while calling for “love for all”.According to Laozi, war springs from humanity’s bloated desires. Conflict arises out of people’s struggles to satisfy their desires, and conflict escalates into war. Therefore, Laozi’s philosophy is based on “non-contention”. To him, human striving and competitive strife is the root cause of decline; desiring nothing is the natural way of life.Laozi said, “The greatest virtue is like water.”He compared his philosophy of “non-contention” to water, to distinguish it from the law of the jungle. He said, “Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing.” To Laozi, humans tend to seek higher positions while water always flows to lower places. Driven by desire, humans like whatever they think is superior while despising whatever they think is inferior. Yet water always flows downward. As the source of life, water nourishes all living things on Earth. No life can exist without water. Water contributes to the world without regard for gain or loss. Remaining low, level and tranquil, water embraces and reflects everything under heaven. The way of water is completely different from the way of people with avid desires.But the philosophy of Laozi is by no means weak. On the contrary, it is full of strength. According to Laozi, water accumulates great strength in its weakness and quietude. Its strength can break down all barriers in the world. He said, “Nothing in the world is weaker than water. Yet nothing is stronger than water when it comes to breaking something strong.”Water is a typical example of the weak winning over the strong. Water is invincible because it desires nothing and contends for nothing.Unit 3 Chinese Buddhist CultureWho am I? Where am I from? Where am I going?Men are mortal. But death is not an once-and-for-all thing. They enter the rotating Wheel of Six Realms:Heaven, Human, Asura, Animal, Hungry Ghost, Hell.Documents stored in computer can be canceled at will, but what we have done in our life, and actually in our innumerable lives, cannot. What has been done has been done. The information is stored in your true “self”, not the physical one, and will accompany you life after life, and determines which Realm you enter.Only when we are completely free from lust, hatred, and folly, can we manage to break away from the capture of the rotating Wheel, and achieve perpetual enlightenment, discovering your true “self”.In Buddhism there isn’t any dominating god who controls your destiny. We are the maker of our own fate. What we are at present is a result of what we have done in the past; and what we will be in the future is decided by what we are doing at present. What we have done form the “karma”, which, like a gene, decides on your future story. But this “gene” can of course be modified, by doing good deeds and obtaining healthy biological and spiritual energy, so as to change our future course of career. We are, therefore, our own master. What are the basic requirements for a Buddhist?Five Prohibitions for the laymen:1) Don’t kill;2) Don’t steal;3) Don’t seek aberrant sensual pleasures;4) Don’t talk irresponsibly;5) Don’t drink alcohol.Part II Creativity and ExchangeUnit 4 The Silk RoadThe silk road refers to a transport route connecting ancient China with Central Asia, West Asia, Africa, and the European continent. It appeared as early as the second century BC and was traveled mainly by silk merchants. The term “Silk Road”, or “die Seidenstrasse”in German, was first noted down by the German geographer Ferdinand Von Richthofen at the end of the 19th century.The silk road began in Chang’an (present-day Xi’an, capital of Shaanxi Province), passing through Gansu and Xinjiang to Central Asia, West Asia, and to lands by the Mediterranean. There were no signs of communication between ancient Chinese civilization and Mediterranean civilization in earlier history. In about the seventh century BC, the ancient Greeks began to learn about an ancient civilization to the east, yet knew little about it. Before the Silk Road, according to archeological findings, there had already existed an intermittent trade route on the grasslands from the Yellow River and the Indus River drainage areas to the Euphrates and the Tigris, and the Nile drainage areas. Yet real communication between China, Central and West Asian countries, Africa and the European continent did not develop until the opening of the Silk Road.Zhang Qian, Trail BlazerThe pioneer who blazed the trail of the Silk Road was Zhang Qian (c. 164-114 BC). In Zhang Qian’s time, the Chinese has little knowledge about Central and West Asian countries, Africa or Europe, although they were aware of the existence of many different countries and cultures in faraway places to the west.During the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 140-135 BC), there were 36 small kingdoms in the Western Regions (present-day Xinjiang and parts of Central Asia). All of them were later conquered by the Huns, who then posed a direct threat to the Western Han and blocked the dynasty’s path west. Under these circumstances, Emperor Wu appointed Zhang Qian to lead a team of more than 100 envoys to the Western Regions.The mission was to unite the Indo-Scythic people against the Huns, who once killed their chieftain. Zhang Qian’s team set out in 138 BC. No sooner had they entered the Hexi Corridor (northwest of present-day Gansu Province), than they were captured by the Huns. After being held under house arrest for over ten years, Zhang Qian and only one other remaining envoy managed to escape and return to Chang’an in 126 BC. Their accounts about the Western Regions were a revelation to Hun emperor and his ministers.In the next two decades, Emperor Wu launched three major campaigns against the Huns, forcing them to retreat from the Western Regions. In 119 BC, the emperor sent Zhang Qian on a second mission to the Western Regions. This time Zhang Qian went further west, while his deputies reached more than a dozen countries in South and West Asia, and the Mediterranean.Zhang Qian’s two missions to the Western Regions opened up the road to the west. EmperorWu adopted a series of measures to strengthen ties with the Western Regions, including encouraging Han People to trade there.Soon the route was bustling with caravans of camels carrying goods of all types and reverberating with the tinkling of their bells. Through the Silk Road, trade flourished between China and Central, South and West Asian countries, Africa and Europe. In 166, envoys from Rome arrived via the Silk Road in Chang’an, were they set up an embassy.Part III Art and AestheticsUnit 5 Music: Govern the Country, Nourish the Mind The tradition of Chinese music dates back to remote antiquity. Governing the country and nourishing the mind through music are two of the main functions of this tradition.Governance Through MusicAccording to ancient Chinese culture, rituals provided the norms of conduct of people. The goal was to maintain social order.Music was for the mind’s cultivation and expression. Its purpose was to enhance people’s outlook on life and imbue them with energy and creativity, such that they could enjoy a more harmonious and happier spiritual life. Individual contentment would then lead to social harmony, as well as to a more harmonious relationship between people and nature. The highest level of ancient Chinese music was to represent spiritual with nature.The prominent stature of music in ancient China explains the emergence of sophisticated instruments from early times. Chime bells were one example. First used in the Shang Dynasty, they became quite popular during the Western Zhou Dynasty (1046-771 BC). In 1978, a fine set of chime bells was unearthed in Hubei Province, from the tomb of Marquis Yi, a local lord in a small state called Zeng during the Warring States Period.The Marquis Yi chime bells consist of 65 bells arranged in three rows. The first row includes 19 niu bells, and the second and third rows include 45 yong bells. The bells in each row differ from one another in shape and size, emanating(发出) different tones. In addition, there is a separate and much larger bell used to adjust pitch. Like the bells, the from is made of bronze, weighing as much as five tons or more. The total weight of the bells is more than 440 kilograms. While the bells bear inscriptions totaling more than 2,800 Chinese characters relating to music and the making of the instrument, the frame is carved with exquisite patterns in relief (浮雕) and fretwork(回纹细工). Instruments of such a scale and such fine craftsmanship were quite rate in the world at the time. Five musicians were needed to play the instrument. Each bell produces two tones when struck at the respective sound points as marked. The entire set of chime bells is able to produce all the tones of a modern piano.Consoling the Mind with MusicThe Chinese zither tends to create a tranquil air. The composition Wild Geese Landing on the Shallow Shore is such an example. With a relaxed rhythm, the first part of the piece depicts a calm Yangtze River under a clear autumn sky. The second part progresses into livelier rhythms to imitate the chirping of many birds. The third part presents a thematic scene of wild geese leisurely landing on the shallow shores of the Yangtze, as a gentle breeze makes the water ripple. To Chinese musiciansand music lovers, the contentment of the wild geese represents the human heart.The zither was also instrumental in communication between ancient scholars and artist. The famous zither composition, Three Stanzas of Plum Blossoms, was based on an Eastern Jin Dynasty story of the poet Wang Ziyou (王子猷) (c. 338-386) and the flute player Huan Yi (桓伊) (?-383). One day the poet was taking a boat trip when he overheard someone on the riverbank say Huan Yi was passing by. Although the two had never met before, they admired each other as poet and flute player. Despite his lower rank of office, Ziyou sent a family member to request Huan Yi to play the flute. Without hesitation, Huan Yi dismounted from his carriage and played Three Stanzas of Plum Blossoms, while Ziyou listened from his boat. After finishing, Huan Yi mounted his carriage and drove on. Ziyou, too, continued with his boat journey. The two of them exchanged not a single word, yet both were content with the communication of their hearts through the music.The flute’s three stanzas were later converted into a composition for the Chinese zither, which has become one of the best-known musical works –as an expression of otherworldly feelings through its eulogy of the plum flower’s purity, fragrance and resistance to the cold.Unit 6 Flying strokes of CalligraphyThe evolution of Chinese characters font甲骨文the Oracle bone script→金文Jinwen (Inscriptions on bronze )→篆书Seal script→隶书Official script→楷书Regular script→草书Cursive script→行书running scriptWang Xizhi and Preface to the Lanting Pavilion CollectionIn the Hall for Cultivation of Mind of the Palace Museum, there is a Three-treasurer Study, which derives its name for the three most valuable calligraphic works housed here. These three treasures, most valued and adored by Emperor Qianling (r. 1736-1795) of the Qing Dynasty, were A Sunny Scene after a Quick Snow by Wang Xizhi, Mid-Autumn by Wang Xianzhi and Boyuan by Wang Xun (349-400). As father and son, Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi hae been known as the “Two Wangs”, their works universally recognized as the peak of Chinese calligraphy.Unit 7 Porcelain – Calling Card of Chinese Culture In English, the country and “porcelain”share the same name –“China”. This proves that Europeans have long known of China’s relationship to porcelain. Porcelain found its way to Europe in the 15th century, occupying an important position in the exchanges between China and other countries. The Keisel Randy Museum in Germany houses a blue-and-white bowl dating back to the Ming Dynasty. Throughout history, China, along with other Asian countries, and Europe maintained a busy and vast trade in porcelain. From 1602 to 1682, the Dutch East India Company transported more than 16 million articles of porcelain to Europe. Porcelain garnered a good reputation for China for its sophistication and elegance, and played an important role in the wave of the Europeanidealization of China during the 17th and 18th centuries. In the rococo style popular in Europe of that time, one could sense, from time to time, the influence of “Chinese vogue”represented by China’s styles of porcelain and gardens.Porcelain is of great significance in the history of Chinese civilization. Pottery was the predecessor of porcelain, while glazed pottery was the basis for the emergence of porcelain. Around the first century, porcelain production first emerged in China, and by The Song Dynasty it had become mature. Song-Dynasty porcelain represented the acme of Chinese porcelain technique. Five famous kilns, the Jun, Ding, Guan, Ge, and Ru, were all creative and original in their respective products, and their porcelain ware has been imitated by later generations throughout the ages. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen became the center of the Chinese Porcelain industry.Pure Blue-and-White PorcelainPure and elegant beauty is the goal that porcelain pursues, and this ideal is best explained in the production of blue-and-white porcelain.Blue-and-white porcelain is a typical artifact of porcelain in China. Among the porcelain exported during the Ming and Qing dynasties, 80 percent was blue-and-white. Chinese-made blue-and-white porcelain ware emerged long before the founding of the Tang Dynasty, but it was not until the Yuan Dynasty that this type of porcelain came to be produced in quantity, with the attendant masterpieces. The Ming Dynasty witnessed the maturity of the art, and a large number of valuable pieces were produced in this period. Jingdezhen, a small town that created the enchanting blue-and-white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty, became its porcelain-producing center; and in the subsequent Ming Dynasty, the imperial kilns were established here. Blue-and-white porcelain is now the most representative of Chinese porcelain.To produce blue-and-white porcelain, cobalt oxide is requisite. It is employed to draw on the white roughcast before glaze is applied. After kilning at a high temperature, the roughcast turns into blue-and-white porcelain, since cobalt oxide turns blue with heat. The white surface with blue patterns and a shiny sheen of glaze produces a pure, elegant and transparent effect.Unit 8 Peking Opera: Artistry of PerformersThe Delights of Peking Opera MasksChina’s Peking Opera radiates with the beauty of resplendent color –vivid, intense and glamorous. This artistic beauty comes not only from the costumes but also from the masks of exaggerated, dazzling designs, gleaming with red, purples, whites, yellows, blacks, blues, greens, every diverse color imaginable.Masks, applied to the two roles of the “jing”or “painted-face role”and the “chou”or “clown”, serve two purposes. One is to indicate the identity and character of the role. For example, a “red face”means the person is loyal and brave; a “black face”signifies the person is straightforward; and “a white face”identifies the person as crafty and evil. The other purpose is to express people’s appraisal of the roles from a moral and aesthetic point of view, such as respectable, hateful, noble, ridiculous, etc.Peking Opera Performance: Sing, Speak, Act, and FightThe performance of a Peking Opera actor can be summarized into four basic aspects, of singing, speaking, acting, and fighting, the core of which is a combination of song and choreography.Singing is of utmost importance in the performance of Peking Opera, because first of all, Peking Opera is a singing art. Any famous Peking Opera boasts several wonderful arias that are well-known and popular with audiences. The charm of the melodies usually embodies the sublime realm of the art of Peking Opera. Unable to appreciate the magic of Peking Opera arias, one would fail to enjoy the profound beauty of the art itself.Speaking refers to character monologs and dialogs, which serve to propel the development of the story. Speaking, like singing, needs to be executed in an appealing way.Acting and fighting mean that actors employ physical movements to express the emotions of the characters and the circumstances. Acting includes body movements and eye movements, solo dancing or group dancing, etc. Most of the dancing is choreographed movements from everyday life. Fighting is choreographed martial arts and acrobatics to depict fight or battle scenes. As the art of Peking Opera depends on movement to depict events, actors are given much room to perform on the stage.In the opera Picking up the Jade Bracelet, the young woman Sun Yujiao and the young scholar fall in love with each other, their eyes affixed on each other as if a thread connected them. Then, as Matchmaker Liu uses her pipe to pull the “virtual” line up and down, the young couple’s eyes accordingly move up and down. These actions produce great humor and add much significance to the performance.Acting and fighting serve the whole “play”or the “world of images”, but at the same time they are themselves a beautiful art in both form and skill. For example, in King Chu Bids Farewell to His Concubine, artist Mei Lanfang performed a sword dance in a miraculously skillful way, which became very popular with audiences. This is a type of beauty in form. As for the beauty of skill, this usually includes some very difficult acrobatic movements, often referred to as “superb skills”.The uniqueness of performances in Peking Opera lies in the fact that the singing, speaking, acting, and fighting, all focus on one or two actors in the play.These performers used to be called “jue’er”, hence “mingjue” was used to refer to famous actors or actresses. In this sense, the world of imagery created in Peking Opera mainly relies on the singing, speaking, acting, and fighting of actors, especially in the performance of the famous plays. This is the biggest difference between Peking Opera and other forms of performing arts in terms of aesthetic appreciation. And the remark –“Peking Opera is the art of performers”–well describes its quintessence.The Beauty of a “Visual World”Depicting a “visual world”is a distinctive feature of Peking Opera. Its virtually consists of two aspects: one is virtual movements, and the other virtual settings. Virtual movement refers to imitating actions onstage. For example, riding a horse. Onstage, an actor cannot ride a real horse, but can only hold a whip and imitate the movement of galloping by walking around the stage, turning the body, wielding the whip, and pulling the reins. A virtual setting means creating an imagined environment onstage. For example, rowing a boat. As there is no water or boat on the stage, an actor usually takes an oar and, through actions, makes the audience “see”the rowing of a boat on water.One is At the Crossroad. This opera describes the story of two yamen runners escorting Jiao Zan to prison. On the way they stay at an inn for the night. Ren Tanghui, whose task is to protect Jiao Zan, checks in at the same time. The owner of the inn, however, suspects Ren Tanghui is planning to murder Jiao Zan, so he gropes his way into Ren’s room at night. Thus a fight starts. What is special about the performance is that, although the fight happens at night, the stage is brightly lit; yet the audience is able to sense it is a pitch-dark night from the actors’performances, which feature stealthy movements typical of people in darkness. Sometimes, one man’ s sword swishes down, onlya few inches away from the other’ s face, yet the latter feels nothing, thus producing a breathtaking yet meaningful and humorous effect.The other example is Autumn River, a play transplanted from Sichuan Opera. This story describes a young nun, Chen Miaochang who leaves the nunnery to pursue her lover Pan Bizheng. Onstage, there is neither water nor boat, but through the performance of the young woman and the old boatman, the audience is able to obviously “see”that the stage is a river. The boat sways forward; all the way there the girl complains about the boat for being slow, while the old boatman keeps teasing her about her anxiety to see her lover. The performance is full of wit and humor.These examples describe the function of the “virtual world” in the art of Peking Opera, which provides limitless room for the performances of actors; and in return, performers present the audience with a world of images full of appealing wit. If in fact the stage of At the Crossroad was really all black to represent the dark night, and there was a real boat on the stage of Autumn River, what could the actors do? And what we still find as much wit and meaning in the performances? We doubt it.Part IV Folk CustomsUnit 9 Life with Fragrant TeaTea is a wonderful beverage originally produced in China about 4,000 years ago. During the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks introduced tea seeds to Japan, and by combining tea with Zen Buddhism, created the world-famous Japanese tea ceremony. In the 17th century, the Dutch took to Europe the Chinese habit of tea drinking, which then became a tradition of the Europeans. In England in particular, people developed the custom of afternoon tea. Prior to the 19th century, all the tea in the world was grown in China, and even the English word “tea”was a transliteration of the pronunciation of “tea”in the Fujian dialect of China. Tea is an important contribution of the Chinese people to the world.Ways of Savoring TeaThe Chinese people look to tea drinking as an art, which incorporates a wide range of knowledge; the taste of tea might be light, yet the meaning is rich and deep.The Chinese attach great importance to the water, tea leaves, tea set, and fire, when making and drinking tea.Water is an element of priority in the making of tea. To make a good cup of tea, quality water is a must. The ancient Chinese commented on tea making thus: the tea must be new, and water must be live, or flowing. Lu Yu(陆羽) (733-804), the Saint of the Tang Dynasty, pointed out that, to make fine, water from high mountains is the best, followed by water from rivers and wells. In the cloud-enveloped high mountains, crystal clear spring water is the best for making tea; water in the brooks though also good, is not pure because it smells of the earth, therefore is only second best. Considered third is water from wells, as artificial springs from underground are often stagnant and tinted with the flavor of salt. It is thus no match at all for uncontaminated mountain spring water. Unluckily for us today, we do not even have the third type of water to make tea; we use either tap water or artificially purified water – a true pity indeed!As making good tea needs good water, Chinese people have long developed the tradition of valuing springs, while springs have become famous because of people’s love for tea. It is said that Lu。

第一册第二册课后Chinese culture部分翻译

Book 11 中国龙对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。

中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。

中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。

在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。

Chinese DragonDragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 year. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or long) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.2 饺子饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统特色食品。

相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。

饺子的制作是包括：1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个步骤。

其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。

民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。

中国人接亲待友、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。

对崇尚亲情的中国人来讲，“更岁饺子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。

Dum plings Dumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint- Zhang zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour;2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings.” During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.3 针灸针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。

Chinese_culture_中国传统文化介绍

counties and teaching Chinese culture in foreign schools.
Ⅱ. Teaching Contents
Lecture One: What Culture Is Lecture Two: Confucianism Lecture Three: Taoism Lecture Four: Buddhism Lecture Five: Traditional Chinese Festivals Lecture Six: Chinese Arts and Crafts
广阔
文化”是人类创造物质财富和精神财富的总和，而“文与“文明”的含义更为接近明”是文化成果中的精华部
分。
Some notions of culture
culture
civilization
origin content
cult to cultivate
civ---civil cit---city
• The Culture of China is one of the world's oldest and most complex cultures. The area in which the culture is dominant covers a large geographical region in East Asia and Southeast Asia (so-called Sinosphere) with customs and traditions varying greatly between provinces and regions.
In 1952,Alfred Kroeber and Clye Kluckhohn complied a list of 164 definition of "culture" in the book of A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions.

现代大学英语Unit1课后练习答案

Vocab‎u lary‎第一大题第三小题1.Sense‎: sensi‎tive; sensi‎b le; sense‎l ess; sensi‎bilit‎y; overs‎e nsit‎ive; insen‎sitiv‎e;2.Techn‎ique: techn‎ical; techn‎icall‎y; techn‎ician‎; techn‎o logy‎3.Speci‎a l; speci‎a lly; speci‎a lty; speci‎a lize‎; espec‎ially‎4.Intel‎l ect: intel‎l ectu‎a l; intel‎l igen‎t; intel‎l igen‎ce5.Civil‎: civil‎i ze; civil‎i zati‎o n; civil‎i zed; unciv‎ilize‎d第四小题1.很多人都认‎同，大学扩招是‎一个大业绩‎。

2.提供能够满‎足高要求的‎注册会计师‎仍然是一个‎大问题。

3.过早的专业‎化并非明智‎之举，学生在进入‎专业领域之‎前应该广泛‎接触世界文‎化。

4.有一天我们‎可能会变得‎强大，但我们绝不‎能变得傲慢‎，我们应当继‎续遵循和平‎共处的原则‎。

5.一个国家的‎力量本质上‎依赖于该国‎的文明进程‎，这是一个深‎刻的认识。

6.我们队过去‎苦难的记忆‎是一笔巨大‎的精神财富‎。

第二大题1.Fold one’s arms2.Fold the lette‎r3.Acqui‎r e knowl‎e dge4.Gener‎a te ideas‎5.Gener‎a te jobs/caree‎r s/profe‎ssion‎s6.Gener‎a te power‎/elect‎r icit‎y7.Gener‎a te/arous‎e inter‎e st8.Emplo‎y worke‎r s9.Emplo‎y/use/make use of time10.Rear/raise‎/bring‎up one’s child‎r en/offsp‎ring11.Rear sheep‎12.Raise‎one’s famil‎y13.Raise‎one’s voice‎14.Raise‎tax15.Raise‎the quest‎ion16.Maint‎a in conta‎c t17.Maint‎a in law and order‎18.Maint‎a in peace‎第三大题Synon‎y ms近义‎词1.Fairl‎y: reaso‎n ably‎/ rathe‎r/ quite‎2.Obvio‎u sly: clear‎ly; evide‎n tly3.Maint‎a in: keep4.Rear (child‎r en): raise‎; bring‎up5.Acqui‎r e (knowl‎e dge): gain; obtai‎n6.Gener‎a te (ideas‎): produ‎c e7.Certi‎f y: prove‎8.Facul‎ty: depar‎tment‎ (at unive‎r sity‎); teach‎ing staff‎9.Manki‎n d: human‎ity; human‎being‎s; man10.Pharm‎a cist‎: drugg‎ist; chemi‎s t (BrE)11.Speci‎m en: type; examp‎le; model‎; case; sampl‎e12.Enrol‎l (a schoo‎l): enter‎; join13.Never‎thele‎s s: howev‎er; but14.Penet‎r atin‎g: sharp‎; thoug‎h tful‎; profo‎u nd15.Intel‎l ect: think‎er; intel‎l ectu‎a l16.Shudd‎er: shake‎; tremb‎le; shive‎r;quake‎17.Inevi‎tably‎: unavo‎idabl‎y; certa‎i nly18.Aid: help; assis‎t(ance)19.Assum‎e: suppo‎se; think‎; guess‎20.Pecul‎iar: stran‎g e; odd; unusu‎a l; queer‎;21.Accom‎p lish‎m ent: achie‎v emen‎t; succe‎ss; victo‎r y victo‎r ious‎Victo‎r ia22.Exper‎t ise: speci‎a l skill‎Anton‎y ms反义‎词1.Avail‎a ble: unava‎i labl‎e2.Arrog‎a ntly‎: modes‎tly3.Speci‎f ic: gener‎a l4.Quali‎f ied: unqua‎lifie‎d5.Civil‎i zed: unciv‎ilize‎d; savag‎e; barba‎r ious‎6.Fold: unfol‎d7.Emplo‎y ed: unemp‎loyed‎pe‎t ence‎: incom‎p eten‎c e9.Sensi‎t ive: insen‎sitiv‎e第六大题1. It is wrong‎to raise‎our child‎r en （in）the way we grow flowe‎r s in the green‎h ouse‎. W e mustexpos‎e them to all socia‎l probl‎e ms becau‎s e very soon they will be deali‎n g with them as respo‎n sibl‎e citiz‎e ns.2. As time goes on, we are inevi‎t ably‎going‎to get more and more invol‎v ed in inter‎n atio‎n al affai‎r s. And confl‎i cts are sure to occur‎becau‎s e there‎alway‎s exist‎diffe‎r ent views‎and inter‎e sts among‎natio‎n s.3. We are proud‎of our accom‎p lish‎m ents‎, and we have reaso‎n to be. But we must never‎becom‎e arrog‎a nt. Other‎w ise/Or we will lose o urfrien‎d s.4. Infor‎m atio‎n is now easil‎y avail‎a ble. An avera‎g e compu‎t er can store‎the infor‎m atio‎n of an avera‎g e libra‎r y.5. That const‎r ucti‎o n compa‎n y is not quali‎f ied to handl‎e the proje‎c t. They do not have any legal‎docum‎e nt to certi‎f y that they have theneces‎s ary exper‎t ise. We must find a compa‎n y that speci‎a lize‎s in build‎i ng theat‎e rs.6. These‎think‎tanks‎do not make decis‎i ons. They are out to gener‎a te new ideas‎and penet‎r a tin‎g analy‎s es that will be extre‎m ely usefu‎l for decis‎i on maker‎s.7. The growt‎h of GDP is not every‎t hing‎. Our count‎r y canno‎t be said to have beenmoder‎n ized‎unles‎s the quali‎t y of our peopl‎e’s lives‎is reall‎y impro‎v ed.8. Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were still‎quite‎happy‎as child‎r en, for there‎was clean‎air, clean‎water‎, a lot of fish, crabs‎and eels in the river‎s, lakes‎and ponds‎; and a lot of flowe‎r s, trees‎and birds‎in the field‎s. 9. Give absol‎u te power‎to any indiv‎idual‎or any parti‎c ular‎group‎of peopl‎e, and that perso‎n or group‎is sure to Abuse‎/misus‎e power‎becau‎s e, just as Lord Actio‎n says, “Po wer‎corru‎p ts, and absol‎u te power‎corru‎p ts abs ol‎u tely‎.”10. Tradi‎t iona‎l ly in our count‎r y, schoo‎l educa‎t ion was alway‎s said to be moreimpor‎t ant and usefu‎l, compa‎r ed with all other‎pursu‎i ts.Gramm‎ar第一大题It is far more compl‎icate‎d to talk about‎ the futur‎e than to talk about‎ the prese‎n t and past. Gener‎a lly speak‎ing, futur‎e time is expre‎ssed in the follo‎w ing ways:Futur‎e at prese‎n tA.“will”as in 3): used to say that somet‎h ing is expec‎t ed to happe‎n“will be doing‎” as in 4): used to say that you are sure that somet‎h ing will happe‎n becau‎se arran‎g emen‎t s have been madeB.“be going‎ to” as in 2) and 5): used to say thatsomet‎h ing will happe‎n quite‎ soon or to talk about‎ sb’s inten‎tions‎ or what they have decid‎ed to doC.“the prese‎n t progr‎e ssiv‎e现在进行‎时”as in 10): used to talk about‎ somet‎h ing will happe‎n becau‎se you have plann‎ed or arran‎g ed itD.“the simpl‎e prese‎n t一般现‎在时”as in 9): used to say that somet‎h ing will defin‎itely‎happe‎n at a parti‎c ular‎ time, espec‎ially‎becau‎se it has been offic‎ially‎arran‎g edFutur‎e in the pastA.“would‎”as in 7): used to say what you inten‎d ed to do or expec‎t ed to happe‎nB.“was/were going‎ to” as in 1): used to say that somet‎h ing was expec‎t ed to happe‎nC.“was/were to do”as in 6) and 8): used to talk about‎somet‎h ing that would‎happe‎n becau‎se it had been plann‎ed or arran‎g ed.第二大题第一小题1.Two nouns‎2.Two adjec‎t ives‎3.Two prepo‎sitio‎n al phras‎e s4.Two infin‎itive‎ phras‎e s5.Two noun phras‎e s6.Two noun phras‎e s7.Two prepo‎sitio‎n al phras‎e s8.Two prepo‎sitio‎n al phras‎e s第二小题1.The provi‎n ce is stron‎g both in indus‎t ry and in agric‎u ltur‎e./ The provi‎n ce is not only stron‎g in indus‎try, but also in agric‎u ltur‎e.2.Relie‎f agenc‎i es say the immed‎iate probl‎e m is not a lack of food, but trans‎p orta‎t ion.3.Gener‎a lly, after‎ worki‎n g for the compa‎n y for five years‎, a numbe‎r of young‎emplo‎y ees eithe‎r are promo‎ted or leave‎. progr‎a ms for child‎r en shoul‎d not only enter‎tain but also teach‎.5.Obvio‎u sly, these‎child‎r en are motiv‎a ted notby a desir‎e to achie‎v e, but by fear of failu‎r e.6.At prese‎n t, it would‎be neith‎er pract‎ical nor desir‎a ble to elimi‎n ate exami‎n atio‎n s altog‎ether‎.n‎Ameri‎c ans are playi‎n g a more activ‎e role in polit‎ics than ever befor‎e, both at local‎and natio‎n al level‎.8.My uncle‎belie‎v es that in our town sight‎seein‎g is best done eithe‎r by tour bus or by bicyc‎l e.9.Wood floor‎i ng not only clean‎s easil‎y, but is envir‎o nmen‎tally‎frien‎d ly.10.Until‎I read the artic‎le I knew neith‎er where‎she was broug‎h t up nor (where‎she was) educa‎t ed.11.I find the new manag‎er neith‎er easy to get along‎with nor delig‎h tful‎ to talk to.12.Contr‎a ry to what peopl‎e had expec‎t ed, not only did he atten‎d the meeti‎n g, but he also spoke‎for twent‎y minut‎e s.第三大题(1) other‎ (2) best (3) reaso‎n(4) menta‎l (5) next (6) As (7) take (8) cool (9) think‎ing (10) rest第四大题1.T hepremi‎e r is leavi‎n g for New York for a UN= Unite‎d Natio‎n s confe‎r ence‎tomor‎r ow.2. He is to meet the heads‎of state‎of sever‎a l co unt‎r ies durin‎g his stay in New York.3. what are you going‎to do durin‎g the Natio‎n a l Day holid‎a ys? Are you going‎home or stayi‎ng on campu‎s?4. –What do you think‎schoo‎l will be like in tw ent‎y years‎’ time?- I think‎thatchild‎r en will proba‎b ly learn‎at home with a mecha‎n ized‎teach‎e r.5. Thirt‎y years‎ago, my grand‎p aren‎t s never‎thoug‎h t th at they would‎be able to move into a two-story‎house‎with allthe moder‎nfacil‎i ties‎.He is a two-year-old boy. equip‎m ent6. What they lack is not money‎but exper‎i ence‎.7. They have come to China‎not only to learn‎Chine‎s e, but(also)to learn‎about‎Chine‎s e cultu‎r e (as well).8. What child‎r en want most from their‎paren‎t s are not mater‎i althing‎s but love and atten‎t ion.9. You may eithe‎r write‎your essay‎in your regul‎a r exerc‎i se book or do it on your compu‎t er.10. I’m not quite‎sure why he didn’t show up. Eithe‎r he was not inter‎e sted‎,or he simpl‎y forg o‎t about‎it.11. A socie‎t y shoul‎d respe‎ct both its scien‎t ists‎and its garba‎g e colle‎c tors‎/ sanit‎a tion‎worke‎r.12. He is miser‎l y both with his money‎and with his time.mean第五大题1.I will phone‎you as soon as I arriv‎e in Beiji‎ng.2.We can hardl‎y imagi‎n e what life will be like in 50 years‎.3.No mista‎k e. Here “if...will”is possi‎b le when “will” expre‎sses “willi‎n gnes‎s”4.Pleas‎e be seate‎d, every‎o ne. The show is about‎ to begin‎. (Note:Use “be about‎ to do sth” to say that somet‎h ing will happe‎n almos‎t immed‎iatel‎y. “Will” is not used.)5.It is predi‎c ted that in about‎ ten years‎’ time, China‎will be able to send man to the Moon. (Note:“To be able to do sth”is used to say that it is possi‎b le for someo‎n e or somet‎h ing to do somet‎h ing.)6.Drop in whene‎v er you pleas‎e. You’ll alway‎s be welco‎m e. (Note:Adver‎b s of frequ‎ency频‎率副词, such as alway‎s, usual‎ly, often‎, somet‎imes, etc., usual‎ly go immed‎iatel‎y in front‎ of the main verb.)7.Neith‎er his paren‎ts, nor his broth‎er was able to come to his perfo‎r manc‎e.(Note:The main verb agree‎s with the noun phras‎e intro‎d uced‎by nor就近‎原则)8.Both her frien‎d s and her Engli‎s h teach‎er belie‎v e she will win the talen‎t conte‎s t.9.My fathe‎r regar‎d s creat‎ivity‎both as a gift and as a skill‎. (Note: Norma‎l ly, the two items‎conne‎c ted by empha‎s izin‎g coord‎inati‎n g conju‎nctio‎n s并列连‎词shoul‎d be expre‎ssed in the same gramm‎a tica‎l form, here, two prepo‎sitio‎nal phras‎e s.)10.No mista‎k e. Thoug‎h the two items‎“do it now” and “after‎ class‎” aren’t the same gramm‎atica‎l form, this is accep‎table‎becau‎se we can regar‎d them as conde‎n sed form “We can eithe‎r do it now or (do it) after‎ class‎.” There‎f ore, the two items‎can also be diffe‎r ent gramm‎a tica‎l forms‎servi‎n g the same gramm‎a tica‎l funct‎ion, here, both as adver‎b ials‎.。

(完整版)Unit_1中国文化

Confucius on Heaven: the Source of Everything
“Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all living things (天何言哉？四时行焉，百物生焉，天何言哉？) .”
• He was a native of Zouyi (present-day Qufu in Shandong Province) of the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC).
Introductions in the west?
—Selected from The Analects
What is Confucius’ view on Heaven according to these lines?
Confucius on Heaven: the Source of Everything
• Confucius regarded “Heaven” as nature. • Confucius believes that nature is not a
lifeless mechanism separate from human; instead, it is a great world full of life and the process of creating life. Human is part of nature.
Confucius on Heaven: the Source of Everything

中国文化英语教程教材内容Unit1

Reading AA General Introduction to Chinese MythologyYang Lihui, An Deming1 By Chinese mythology, we mean the body of myths historically recorded and currently transmitted within the present geographic boundaries of China. It should include not only myths transmitted by people of the Han ethnic group but also those by the other fifty-five ethnic groups living in this broad area. Since almost every ethnic group has its own mythical gods and stories about their creative actions, there is not a systematic, integrated, and homogeneous “Chinese mythology” held and transmitted by all the Chinese people. Even among Han people, there is not an integrated system of myths.2 The earliest written records of ancient myths can be traced back to about 3,000 years ago, though other forms of designs and paintings on shells，bones, and bronzes probably relating to myth appeared earlier than this. Recently, researchers found a bronze vessel named “Suigongxu” (Suigong was a duke of the Sui State, now belonging to modern ShandongProvince; “Xu” is an ancient bronze vessel that h as a cover and two ears; it functions as a food container), which can date back to the 9th or 8th century BC, the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty. The inscription on the inside bottom of the vessel consists of 98 Chinese characters, praising the achievements of the mythic hero Yu. It tells the story that heaven ordered Yu to scatter earth, so Yu went around all the mountains, cutting down the trees in the forests and deepening the seas and rivers to drain all the water on earth into the sea. This inscription shows that the technique of recording myth in Chinese characters had become relatively mature nearly 3,000 years ago. Additionally, it illustrates that at least as late as the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the myth about Yu controlling the flood had already been spread, and it had been historicized into a legend about a great hero or a great king in the upper class of society.3 But these inscriptions recorded myths very simply. Sometimes the mythological stories they illustrate are hard to understand. Therefore, Chinese scholars rely primarily on accounts of myths recorded in later ancient writings after the Western Zhou Dynasty to study these myths.4 In China, there is no sacred canon recording myths, beliefs, or sacred history like the Bible or the Koran, nor were there any literati, troubadours, or shamans (sorcerer or sorceress) who collected myths from oral tradition and compiled them into a systematic and integrated mythology, like the Greek collections attributed to Homer and Hesiod. Rather, myths in ancient China were usually spread in scattered and fragmented forms in various written material. These sources contain information about archaeology, literature, philosophy, geography, history, witchcraft, ethnography, religion, folklore, and so on. Many of them preserve only a few myths, but some of them hold a comparatively large number of myths and thus become treasures of ancient Chinese myths. Among them, Shanhaijing (The Classic of Mountains and Seas), Chuci (The Songs of Chu) and Huainanzi are thought to be the major repositories of Chinese ancient myths.5 Myths are neither static nor separate from society. Rather, their existence and transmission are deeply influenced by their social and cultural contexts. On the other side, those myths that have been handed down for thousands of years and contain Chinese people’s philosophy, art, beliefs, customs, and value systems also have had a great influence on Chinese society and culture.homogeneous adj.类的Suigongxu遂公盥Yu controlling the flood大禹治水canon n.真经Koran (古兰经> ,伊斯兰教经典troubadours n.游吟诗人shaman n.巫师Homer荷马，希腊史诗作者Hesiod赭西奥德，希腊最旱的诗人之一ethnography n.人种志Shanhaijing (山海经》Chuci 《楚辞》Huainanzi《淮南子》repository n.宝库，宝藏Reading BNüwa Creates PeopleIrene Dea Collier1 Nüwa is briefly mentioned in several ancient Chinese texts, A Classic of History (8th century BC), A Classic of Mountains and Seas (3rd century BC), and Questions of Heaven (4th century BC).2 In addition, many images of Nüwa have been uncovered on ancient Chinese bronze sculptures and paintings. Like many of the early Chinese gods, Nüwa was half animal, half divine. Most often, Nüwa had the face and arms of a human but the body of a snake or dragon. She could change her shape at will. Modern Chinese books prefer to show her as a beautiful woman.3 It appeared that women in China had no social standing of their own. However, in their roles as mothers and wives, they were extremely powerful. Since women generally outlived their husbands, they often asserted themselves and ran the household after their spouses’ death. Even in politics，several women (empresses) became extremely powerful after the death of their husbands, the emperors.4 Although most gods were male, Nüwa is a very powerful female goddess in early mythology. She creates mankind and is responsible for repairing the heavens.5 The world was indeed a sparkling jewel. Sturdy pine trees dotted the mountains, and weeping willows lined the streams. Apple, quince, and plum blossoms burst into bloom and later yielded ripe, heavy fruit. Birds flitted about in the azure sky, leaving their black, crimson, and iridescent green feathers drifting in the wind. Silverfish and carp splashed gleefully in the waterways. Fierce beasts like tigers and gentle creatures like deer roamed with equal abandon across the rocky hills.6 Nüwa, a goddess, stumbled accidentally upon this vibrant world during her travels. The earth was humming and teeming with life. She marveled at its many wondrous creatures. Everywhere she looked, she found a creature more marvelous than the one before. She saw every type of fur and fin, feather and scale, horn, hoof, and stinger. Creatures lumbered, crawled, and slithered upon the earth. They jumped, darted, and roiled in the sea. Scented flowers like jasmine, hyacinth, and narcissus wrapped the entire world in their warm, strong perfume.7 But as she explored its niches and crannies, Nüwa began to feel strangely dissatisfied with the budding world. The goddess found it to be enchanting, but empty. It felt lonely to Nüwa, who sat by a river to ponder her feelings. She gazed at her reflection in the water, and suddenly she knew what was missing: She wanted the world to be filled with thinking, laughing creatures like herself.8 The river stretched out before her, its waves slapping the shore. The cloudy green waters left a rim of thick yellow earth along its banks. Nüwa felt its slippery texture with her fingertips and scooped out a ball of clay. The cool, sticky earth deposited by the river was perfect for her task，and she rolled the damp clay into a doll, giving it a head, shoulders, chest, and arms like her own. For the doll’s lower body，she hesitated. Nüwa considered giving it scales and claws like a lizard, or fins and tails like a fish. Both shapes were quite useful, since the goddess frequently changed the shape of her own lower body to be able to get around the oceans and the heavens quickly. Finally, she decided to attach legs to the new creature so it could both walk on land and paddle about in the sea.9 From the many shades of yellow earth, Nüwa made tall dolls and short dolls. She made thin dolls and fat dolls. She made curly-haired dolls and straight-haired dolls. She made dolls with eyes as round and large as cherries, some with eyes as long andnarrow as a mosquito’s wing. She made some with eyes so dark they loo ked like the midnight sky, others so light they looked like liquid honey. Each creature was different, so the goddess could recognize her creations. Then，as she breathed on each doll, it sprang to life, giggling and hopping about.10 Nüwa was so delighted with her handiwork that she wanted to make more. But she neededa quicker method. Along the riverbanks, slender reeds arched their graceful stems over the water. Nüwa rolled up her sleeves, cut a reed, and dipped it into the river mud like a spoon. Expertly, she flicked her wrist and dropped blobs of mud on the ground. When they dried, she breathed a huge puff of air into each blob, and instantly they became round, smiling creatures. The cheerful laughter of her creatures filled the goddess with happiness and pride.11 However, Nüwa was tired. As much as she loved her new creations, she knew she could not watch over these humans every second. What would happen to these creatures when they grew old and died? Nüwa did not relish making repairs, nor did she wish to repeat the tiring task of making new people. She thought and thought. How could these creatures reproduce without her?12 With a twist and a poke, she made some of the clay creatures male and some of them female. Then she gathered up all the noisy creatures who were slipping and falling in the mud. In the hubbub, she began to deliver her most important instructions. As Nüwa spoke, the clamor died down to a silent hush. The humans listened solemnly to her words. She spoke of the importance of marriage and a couple’s obligations to each other. She told them how to make children and how to raise them. She wished them a long and joyful existence on their earth. As the goddess left, she expressed her fervent hope that they would make new people and live happily without her. Then she ascended to the sky seated in a thundering chariot pulled by six winged dragons.13 To this day, people continue to marry and have children who brighten the world with their joyous laughter, just as the dancing mud dolls did in the days of Nüwa.A Classic of History《尚书》Questions of Heaven《天问》（屈原的代表作，收录于西汉刘向编辑的《楚辞》中）divine n.神social standing 社会地位outlive v.活得比……长assert oneself 坚持己见，表现出自信而受到注意和尊重sturdy adj.强健结实的weeping willow 垂柳quince n.揾悖(似梨)flit v.掠过iridescent adj.色彩斑斓的，闪亮的roam v.漫步abandon n.放纵，自由humming and teeming with life:活跃，富有生机niches and crannies:单数形式分别为niche和cranny，同义词叠加，意为“小小天地、一席之地、犄角旮旯”fin n.(鱼)鳍scale n.鳞片horn n.角hoof n.蹄stinger n.刺，螫针lumber v.缓慢地行走roil v. 搅浑hyacinth n.风信子a rim of 一圈scoop v.挖，舀，掏paddle v.划水，涉水reed n.芦苇arch v.弯，呈拱形flick v.快而轻地动blob n.(浓液的)一滴puff n. —口（气）relish v.享受,从……中获得乐趣poke n.捅，戳hubbub n.喧闹clamor n.嘈杂fervent adj.强烈的ascend n.升（天）thunder v.隆隆作响,呼啸而来chariot n.马车Reading CThe Chinese Dragon vs. The Western DragonZhu Beijing1 The Chinese dragon is a far different beast from its Western counterpart. Smaug from J. R. R. Tolkien’s “The Hobbit” is perhaps the most widely known dragon from recent Western fiction, a cruel, avaricious and bloodthirsty creature whose lair under the Lonely Mountain identifies him as a creature of the earth. Tolkien drew much of his inspiration for Smaug from the dragon in the Old English epic of “Beowulf”, penned more than a thousand years earlier, which gives some indication of the depth of the European tradition of portraying dragons as bad news.2 By contrast, the Chinese dragon is an auspicious creature, symbolizing strength, wisdom, good luck and power over the elements of wind and water. As such, Chinese people proudlyclaim they are the descendants of the dragon, a story that is firmly rooted in national folklore and history. For example, an anecdote in the “Records of the Grand Historian” (Shiji) traces the birth of Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-25 AD): One day, his mother falls asleep at a riverside and dreams of a dragon lying on her body, only to wake up and find herself pregnant. Traces of the anecdote survived in the belief that a dragon appearing in a pregnant mother’s dream was an auspicious sign indicating she would give birth to a future emperor.3 Indeed, China’s feudal rulers did everything they could to maintain this mythic association, surrounding themselves with dragon-related ornamentation, ruling from a Dragon Throne and waging war under a dragon flag. Pretty much everything related to the emperor would be tagged with the character “龙”, for example, “龙袍” (imperial robes embroidered with curling dragons), “龙椅” (the emperor’s seat), “龙床” (t he emperor’s bed) and “龙颜” (the look of an emperor).4 While Smaug and other European dragons have a solid, serpentine connection to the earth, Chinese dragons are indisputably rulers of the sky. The dragon was worshiped as the God of Rain, and in times of drought or flooding, locals would visit a dragon-king temple (龙王庙）and burn incense to pray for more favorable conditions. It is also said that natural disasters such as floods or tornados (龙卷风, literally, the dragon rolls up the wind) indicate the dragon king is in bad temper.5 Dragons’ association with thunder，lightning and rain may have prompted the widespread belief that there are more likely to be a flurry of natural disasters in a Dragon year, and Chinese New Year celebrations the world over will include ceremonies and prayers dedicated to warding off the possibility of such a calamity striking people’s homes.6 The dragon’s power to control rain and waves is also closely related to its rank in the pantheon of 12 zodiac animals (rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, cock, dog and pig). Various tales describe the race of these 12 animals to secure their place on the list, but the sequence is determined by the time of day the animal is most active, at least in the eyes of the ancient Chinese. The dragon corresponds to7 am to 9 am, when it is most likely to be foggy, allowing the dragon to ride atop clouds and mist. However, parts of the dragon are usually hidden in the heavy fog, giving rise to the phrase “神龙见首不见尾” (you see the head of the mystical dragon but not its tail), which now refers to someone who has no fixed whereabouts and is difficult for others to trace.7 In Chinese folk art paper-cuts, a typical pattern shows the dragon riding on clouds. Another depicts two dragons playing with a pearl (双龙戏珠), which is often inlaid with a dark, comma-like symbol running through the middle, thought to represent the unification of yin and yang. In Chinese calligraphy, the flying dragon is an aesthetically appealing analogy for cursive and elegant handwriting known as “龙飞凤舞”, literally, “dragons flying andphoeni xes dancing.” Given all the positive associations of “龙”, it’s no wonder the character is a top choice for people’s names, including martial arts superstars Jackie Chan (成龙）and Bruce Lee (李小龙). There is also the Chinese idiom, “望子成龙” (literally, hoping one’s son will become a dragon), which roughly means parents have high expectations of their children.8 However，few parents would want their children to be aggressive leaders involved in violence. Unfortunately, this is the image that struck many Chinese upon seeing the new dragon stamp issued by China Post in early January, 2012. “Evil and frightening”（凶神恶煞), “baring fangs and brandishing paws” (张牙舞爪）and “bristling with anger”（怒发冲冠）were just a few of the phrases people responded with when being asked for their first impression of the new stamp. The design has also triggered heated debates among micro bloggers on Sina Weibo，one of whom even compares the image to “China’s notorious city inspectors, who ar esometimes caught on camera beating up street vendors，” according to The Wall Street Journal’s China Real Time Report.9 People born in the year of the dragon are said to be natural leaders ——charismatic, innovative, free-spirited, and flamboyant, and as such Dragon years are notorious for coinciding with spikes in the birth rate. It remains to be seen whether modern Chinese remain as much in the thrall of dragon worship as their ancestors, and if the phenomenon holds true in the 21st century.counterpart n.对应的人或物Smaug《霍比特人》中的带翼火龙The Hobbit《霍比特人》 (小说、电影）avaricious adj.贪婪的lair n.巢穴epic n.史诗pen v.创作.撰写auspicious adj.吉祥的J. R. R. Tolkien: John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (约翰•罗纳德•待埃尔•托尔金）（1892-1973), was an English writer, poet, philologist, and university professor, best known as the author of the classic high fantasy works The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.Beowulf: heroic poem set in Scandinavia, the highest achievement of Old English literature and the earliest European vernacular epic.feudal adj.封建的ornamentation n.装饰tag v.貼标签serpentine adj.蜿蜒的.似蛇的incense n.香a flurry of 一阵(风、雨、雷等）ward off避幵，挡住calamity n.灾难,灾祸pantheon n.众神庙whereabouts n.下落,所在地inlaid adj.镶嵌的analogy n.类比fang n.长而尖的牙brandish v.挥舞notorious adj.臭名昭著的city inspector 城管charismatic adj.富有领袖魅力的flamboyant adj.神气的spike n.峰值thrall n.奴隶，束缚。

中华优秀传统文化英文解读unit1texta

中华优秀传统文化英文解读unit1textaChinese Excellent Traditional Culture: An IntroductionUnit 1 - Text AIntroduction:Chinese culture is known for its rich history, diverse traditions, and profound impact on the world. In this article, we will delve into the essence of Chinese traditional culture and provide an English interpretation of Unit 1 - Text A.Confucianism: Moral Values and Social OrderConfucianism, one of the cornerstones of Chinese culture, emphasizes moral values, family loyalty, and social harmony. It advocates for respect to elders, the importance of education, and the cultivation of virtues. The teachings of Confucius have profoundly influenced every aspect of Chinese society for over two millennia.Taoism: Harmony with Nature and Self-ReflectionTaoism promotes a harmonious relationship between individuals and nature. It emphasizes the concept of "Dao," or the way, which encourages individuals to follow the natural order of things. Taoists believe in living a simple life, appreciating the beauty of nature, and seeking inner peace through self-reflection and meditation.Buddhism: Enlightenment and CompassionAlthough originating from India, Buddhism has deeply influenced Chinese culture. Buddhism teaches the path to enlightenment through knowledge, meditation, and ethical conduct. Compassion and kindness towards all living beings are central tenets of Buddhism, and it has played a significant role in shaping Chinese beliefs and values.Chinese Calligraphy: Artistic Expression and Cultural IdentityCalligraphy is not merely a form of writing but a true art form in Chinese culture. It is considered as a tool to express emotions, aesthetics, and the beauty of the written word. Each brushstroke carries meaning and symbolism. Chinese calligraphy has been an essential part of cultural identity and serves as a strong link to China's ancient civilization.Traditional Festivals: Celebrating Heritage and UnityChinese traditional festivals are renowned for their colorful celebrations and rich cultural significance. The Spring Festival, also known as Chinese New Year, is the most important and widely celebrated festival in China. Other major festivals include the Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, and Mid-Autumn Festival. These festivals provide an opportunity for people to reconnect with their roots, honor ancestors, and foster a sense of unity within the community.Tea Culture: Elegance and HospitalityChina has a long and cherished history of tea culture. Tea is not only a beverage but a way of life for the Chinese people. The Chinese tea ceremony is characterized by elegance, simplicity, and respect for nature. Tea houses act as social gathering places, promoting communication, relaxation, andhospitality. The art of tea-making and appreciation has become an integral part of Chinese lifestyle and a symbol of etiquette.Conclusion:Chinese excellent traditional culture encompasses a wide range of beliefs, values, and practices that have stood the test of time. Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism provide guidance on morality, harmony, and spiritual development. Calligraphy and traditional festivals celebrate artistic expression and cultural unity. Additionally, tea culture embodies elegance and hospitality. By understanding and appreciating these aspects of Chinese culture, we can gain valuable insights into the historical and philosophical foundation of one of the world's oldest civilizations.。

中国文化英语教程unit1

中国文化英语教程unit1Unit 1 Introduction to Chinese Culture1.1 Overview of Chinese CultureChinese culture is one of the oldest and most complex cultures in the world. It has a rich history that dates back thousands of years and has been shaped by numerous cultural, social, and political factors. The unique customs, traditions, and values of the Chinese people have had a significant impact on the world and continue to shape modern society.1.2 Chinese PhilosophyThe Chinese philosophy is one of the most significant aspects of Chinese culture. It has played a critical role in shaping the beliefs and values of the Chinese people. Some of the key philosophical concepts in Chinese culture include Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. These teachings have had a significant impact on various aspects of Chinese society, including politics, ethics, and spirituality.1.3 Chinese Language and WritingThe Chinese language and writing system is one of the most fascinating aspects of Chinese culture. Chinese characters are considered to be one of the oldest written languages in the world, with the first known evidence of Chinese writing dating back to the Shang dynasty (1600-1046 BCE). The Chinese language continues to be spoken by over a billion people worldwide and is asignificant part of Chinese cultural identity.1.4 Chinese Arts and LiteratureThe arts and literature in China have a long and storied history that dates back thousands of years. Chinese art encompasses a broad range of styles and mediums, including calligraphy, painting, sculpture, and ceramics. Additionally, classical Chinese literature is renowned for its poetry, novels, and philosophical writings.1.5 Chinese Festivals and HolidaysChinese festivals and holidays are an essential part of Chinese culture. The traditional Chinese calendar includes several important holidays, including Chinese New Year, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, and the Winter Solstice. These holidays are celebrated with a wide variety of traditional customs, food, and decorations.1.6 Chinese CuisineChinese cuisine is one of the most diverse and popular cuisines in the world. It is known for its unique flavors, ingredients, and cooking techniques. Traditional Chinese cuisine includes a wide variety of dishes, including rice, noodles, soups, vegetables, meats, and seafood. Additionally, traditional Chinese cuisine is often associated with specific regions or provinces in China.1.7 Chinese Traditional MedicineChinese traditional medicine is one of the oldest and most well-developed systems of medicine in the world. It is based on the concept of balancing Qi (life force) in the body and includes various treatments such as acupuncture, herbal remedies, and massage. Chinese traditional medicine has had a significant impact on modern medicine and is often used alongside Western medicine for various health conditions.1.8 Chinese Martial ArtsChinese martial arts, also known as Wushu, is a traditional Chinese sport that involves physical combat techniques. It has a long and storied history in China and is known for its various styles, including Shaolin Kung Fu, Tai Chi Chuan, and Wing Chun. Chinese martial arts have become increasingly popular around the world for its physical, mental, and spiritual benefits.1.9 Modern Chinese CultureModern Chinese culture has been shaped by various social, economic, and political factors. Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, there have been many changes in Chinese culture, including the growth of a modern economy, changes in social norms, and advancements in technology. Modern Chinese culture is increasingly influenced by global trends and Western culture, but the traditional values of Chinese culture remain an essential part of the country's identity.。

Unit_1_Understanding_Chinese_Culture

Reading Comprehension
6 Although the celebrations for Chinese New Year start from the eve of the first day of the new year, the preparations begin a month earlier. People buy presents and new clothes, clean and decorate their homes and cook traditional food. Spring Cleaning has both a practical and symbolic value. Homes are cleaned from top to bottom. This is seen as a way to “sweep away” any ill fortune or unpleasantness from the previous year and at the same time prepare the house for any good luck that the new year will bring! Doors and windows are repainted, usually in red to ward off evil spirits, and then decorated with Spring Couplets written in black ink on large vertical scrolls of red paper to bring happiness, wealth and longevity—and to warn off Nian!
A. Which day in the 15-day celebration is for the sons-in-laws to pay a visit to their parents-in-law? The third and fourth days. B. What is the fifth day called? Po Woo.

unit1 Understanding Chinese Culture

listening Chinese version
2. Reading Comprehension
3 Many customs accompany the Spring Festival. Some are still followed today, but others have weakened.
1. What are they talking about? 2. How did Li Ming spend his holiday? 3. What is Susan curious about? 4. What makes the Spring Festival different from
listening Chinese version
2. Reading Comprehension
6 Before the New Year comes, people clean the indoors and outdoors of their homes completely as well as their clothes, bedrooms and all their utensils.
Festival and meet parents, grandparents and as many aunts, uncles and cousins as possible. Susan: That’s a good opportunity for family reunion. Li Ming: Yeah, in the past, on New Year’s Eve, family members will stay at home making dumplings together. Many people enjoy watching the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. The evening is usually spent watching TV, playing games, talking, eating and drinking. Susan: You must have had a lot of fun. Li Ming: Yes, that’s why I always enjoy the Spring Festival.

跟外国人介绍中国文化课程英语作文

跟外国人介绍中国文化课程英语作文China is a country with a rich and fascinating culture that has captivated people around the world. As a Chinese person, I am proud to share some of the key elements of our cultural heritage with those who may be less familiar. In this essay, I will provide an overview of several important Chinese cultural courses that I believe would be of great interest to foreign audiences.One of the most iconic aspects of Chinese culture is traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Dating back thousands of years, TCM is a holistic approach to health and wellness that emphasizes the interconnectedness of the mind, body, and spirit. A course on TCM would introduce students to the fundamental principles of yin and yang, the five elements, and the meridian system. They would learn about the use of herbal remedies, acupuncture, and other modalities to maintain balance and promote healing. Studying TCM would not only provide valuable insights into an ancient healing tradition, but also offer practical knowledge that can be applied to modern healthcare challenges.Another essential element of Chinese culture is the art of calligraphy. Often referred to as the "art of writing," calligraphy is a highly revered practice that combines technical skill, aesthetic sensibility, and spiritual expression. A calligraphy course would teach students the proper techniques for holding the brush, controlling the ink flow, and composing balanced compositions. They would learn about the different calligraphic styles, such as the elegant and flowing "regular script" and the more dynamic and expressive "cursive script." Beyond the technical aspects, the course would also explore the philosophical and cultural significance of calligraphy, highlighting its role in Chinese literature, art, and even daily life.Chinese cuisine is another cultural treasure that deserves to be shared with the world. A course on Chinese culinary arts would delve into the rich diversity of regional cuisines, from the spicy Sichuan dishes to the delicate Cantonese delicacies. Students would learn about the underlying principles of Chinese cooking, such as the balance of flavors, the importance of fresh and seasonal ingredients, and the use of various cooking techniques. They would also explore the cultural symbolism and etiquette associated with Chinese meals, gaining a deeper appreciation for the social and ceremonial aspects of food in Chinese society.In addition to the more traditional cultural elements, a course on contemporary Chinese popular culture would also be of greatinterest to foreign audiences. This course would explore the dynamic and rapidly evolving landscape of Chinese entertainment, including film, television, music, and digital media. Students would examine the influence of traditional Chinese aesthetics and storytelling techniques on modern Chinese pop culture, as well as the ways in which it has been shaped by global trends and cross-cultural exchanges. They would also discuss the societal and political implications of the growing prominence of Chinese popular culture on the international stage.Finally, a course on Chinese language and linguistics would provide a comprehensive understanding of the unique features and complexities of the Chinese language. Students would learn about the writing system, which uses logographic characters rather than an alphabetic script, as well as the tonal nature of the spoken language. They would also explore the historical evolution of the Chinese language, the regional dialects, and the challenges of translation and interpretation. Such a course would not only equip students with practical language skills, but also offer insights into the cultural and cognitive underpinnings of the Chinese language.In conclusion, these five cultural courses – traditional Chinese medicine, calligraphy, cuisine, popular culture, and language –represent just a small sample of the rich and diverse tapestry of Chinese culture. By offering these courses to foreign students, wecan not only share our cultural heritage but also foster cross-cultural understanding and appreciation. Through these educational experiences, we can hope to inspire a deeper fascination with China and its remarkable cultural traditions.。

Understanding cultures Chinese and English课件冀教版英语七

name and a given name. 一个中国名字包括姓氏和名字。
Understanding cultures 返回目录
考
点常见 include 是动词，意为“包括；包含”，在句中的成分是
清单
用法
谓语，侧重指被包含着是整体的一部分。
解
读
例句 The tour includes a visit to the museum. 这次游览
前，姓在后，名和姓的首字母都要大写。除此之外还
有中间名(middle name)，放在名和姓的中间，首字母
用法
也要大写。（2）中文名字的英文书写方式：用拼音拼
写，姓在前，名在后，名和姓之间分开，且首字母都
要大写。
例句 I know your given name, but I don’t know your family name. 我知道你的名字，但是我不知道你的姓氏。
考法说明句子还原类试题考查学生对语篇结构、上下文逻辑关系的理解能力。设题方式可以分为 3 种：①设空处在段首； ②设空处在段中；③设空处在段尾。
语篇考法精讲
技巧点拨根据词汇复现、逻辑关系等关键词或句式的提示或挖空处上下文语境来作答。具体解题步骤如下： Step 1: 理清文章的结构、内容和情节发展顺序； Step 2: 按照上下文的逻辑关系、情节发展顺序判断需还原的内容，并结合备选项推理出设空处的答案。
Understanding cultures
● 考点清单解读
重点词汇
Understanding cultures 返回目录
考
Chinese and English names
点
清重点词汇
单

五年级下册语文地一单元作文350字

五年级下册语文地一单元作文350字In the first unit of the fifth grade Chinese textbook, we learn about the beauty of diversity in Chinese culture. 五年级语文教科书的第一单元，我们学习了中国文化多样性的美丽。

Chinese culture is rich and diverse, with a long history of thousandsof years. 中国文化丰富多彩，拥有上千年的悠久历史。

One of the key aspects of Chinese culture is its emphasis on respecting traditions and values. 中国文化的一个关键方面是强调尊重传统和价值观。

Through the study of ancient Chinese poems and stories, students are able to appreciate the beauty of traditional Chinese literature. 通过学习古代中国诗词和故事，学生们能够欣赏传统中国文学的美丽。

In addition to traditional literature, students also learn about Chinese calligraphy and painting, which are important forms of artistic expression in Chinese culture. 除了传统文学，学生们还学习了中国书法和绘画，这些都是中国文化中重要的艺术表现形式。

By exploring the diversity of Chinese culture, students are able to develop a deeper understanding and appreciation for the richness of their own cultural heritage. 通过探索中国文化的多样性，学生们能够更深入地了解和欣赏自己文化传统的丰富多彩。

播放四下语文第一单元作文

播放四下语文第一单元作文Chinese language learning is an essential skill for students around the world. Learning Chinese can open up many opportunities for personal and professional growth.学习中文可以帮助我们更好地了解中国文化和历史。

通过学习中文，我们可以更好地沟通和交流，不仅可以认识更多的中国朋友，还可以拓展我们的人际关系。

As we dive into the first unit of the Si Xia Yu Wen curriculum, we are introduced to various aspects of Chinese language and culture. From learning basic vocabulary to understanding the proper usage of grammar, each lesson broadens our knowledge and understanding of the Chinese language.在四下语文第一单元的教学中，我们将接触到各种中文语言和文化方面的知识。

从学习基础词汇到理解正确的语法用法，每一堂课都会增强我们对中文的知识和理解。

One of the key focuses of this unit is writing. Writing in Chinese characters requires attention to detail and precision. From strokes to radicals, each character holds its own unique meaning and must be written correctly to convey the intended message.这一单元的重点之一是写作。

中国文化英语教程作文

中国文化英语教程作文Introduction:The Chinese culture is a vast and diverse tapestry woven with thousands of years of history, tradition, and innovation. As an English teacher, it is essential to provide students witha comprehensive understanding of this rich culture, enabling them to appreciate and communicate about it effectively in English. This essay aims to guide students through thevarious aspects of Chinese culture, from its ancient roots to its modern expressions.Historical Context:Begin by delving into the historical context of Chinese culture. Discuss the significance of dynasties such as the Han, Tang, and Ming, and their contributions to art, science, and governance. Highlight the invention of paper, the compass, gunpowder, and printing, which have had a profound impact on the world.Philosophical Influences:Explore the philosophical underpinnings of Chinese culture, including Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. Explain howthese philosophies have shaped Chinese thought, ethics, and social structure. Discuss key figures like Confucius and Laozi, and their teachings.Language and Writing:Chinese language and writing are integral to the culture.Introduce students to the complexity of the Chinese language, including its tonal nature and the unique characters thatmake up its writing system. Discuss the evolution of Chinese script from Oracle Bones to modern Simplified Chinese.Traditional Arts:Delve into the traditional arts of China, such as calligraphy, painting, and poetry. Describe the aesthetics and techniques involved in these art forms, and how they reflect the values and sensibilities of Chinese culture.Festivals and Celebrations:Discuss the importance of festivals in Chinese culture, suchas the Spring Festival (Chinese New Year), the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the Dragon Boat Festival. Explain the origins, traditions, and significance of these celebrations.Cuisine:Chinese cuisine is renowned worldwide for its diversity and depth of flavor. Describe the regional variations in Chinese food, from the spicy Sichuan dishes to the sweet and sour flavors of Cantonese cuisine. Highlight the importance of balance and presentation in Chinese culinary arts.Modern Chinese Culture:Contrast the traditional aspects of Chinese culture with its modern expressions. Discuss the rise of China as a global economic power and its influence on contemporary culture, including the spread of Mandarin as a second language and the international popularity of Chinese cinema.Conclusion:Conclude the essay by emphasizing the importance of understanding and respecting cultural diversity. Encourage students to continue exploring Chinese culture and to appreciate the contributions it has made to the global community.Vocabulary List:Provide a list of key vocabulary words related to Chinese culture that students should be familiar with, such as'dynasty,' 'philosophy,' 'calligraphy,' 'festival,' and'cuisine.'Assignment:End the essay with an assignment that encourages students to research a specific aspect of Chinese culture that interests them and to write a short report or give a presentation on their findings.By following this structure, students will gain a well-rounded understanding of Chinese culture and be able to discuss it confidently in English.。

中国文化英语精品课程

中国文化英语精品课程China is a country with a rich and diverse cultural heritage, spanning thousands of years of history. From ancient traditions to modern innovations, Chinese culture has had a profound impact on the world. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in learning about Chinese culture, and as a result, a number of high-quality English-language courses have been developed to meet this demand. In this article, we will explore some of the best Chinese culture English courses available, and discuss the benefits of studying this fascinating subject.One of the most popular Chinese culture English courses is "Understanding China: A Guide to China's Culture, History, and Modern Life" offered by the University of Pennsylvania on Coursera. This course provides a comprehensive overview of Chinese culture, covering topics such as Chinese history, philosophy, art, and literature. Through a series of lectures and readings, students gain a deep understanding of the cultural forces that have shaped China and its people. The course also explores modern Chinese society, providing valuable insights into contemporary Chinese life and the country's role in the global community.Another outstanding Chinese culture English course is "Chinese Culture and Contemporary China" offered by Tsinghua University on edX. This course delves into the various aspects of Chinese culture, including traditional customs, festivals, and social practices. Through a combination of video lectures, readings, and interactive assignments, students gain a nuanced understanding of the complexities of Chinese culture and society. The course also examines the impact of globalization and modernization on Chinese culture, providing a holistic view of contemporary China.For those interested in Chinese art and aesthetics, the course "Chinese Art: A Comprehensive Overview" offered by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University on Coursera is an excellent choice. This course provides a detailed exploration of Chinese art history, from ancient calligraphy and painting to contemporary visual arts. Through a series of multimedia presentations and virtual tours of major Chinese art collections, students gaina deep appreciation for the beauty and significance of Chinese artistic traditions. The course also examines the cultural and historical contexts of Chinese art, providing a well-rounded understanding of this important aspect of Chinese culture.In addition to these specific courses, there are also a number of broader programs that offer in-depth studies of Chinese culture in English. For example, the Confucius Institute Headquarters (Hanban) offers a wide range of online courses on Chinese language, culture, and society, providing students with a comprehensive understanding of various aspects of Chinese culture. These courses cover topics such as Chinese history, philosophy, literature, and traditional medicine, allowing students to gain a well-rounded view of Chinese culture and its significance in the world.Studying Chinese culture in English offers a number of benefits. First and foremost, it provides a valuable opportunity for individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds to gain a deeper understanding of China and its people. By studying Chinese culture in English, students can gain insights into the historical, social, and artistic forces that have shaped China, enabling them to develop a more nuanced and empathetic view of this complex and dynamic society. Additionally, studying Chinese culture in English can also facilitate cross-cultural communication and collaboration, as it allows individuals from different linguistic backgrounds to engage in meaningful dialogue about Chinese culture and its global significance.In conclusion, the study of Chinese culture in English offers a valuable opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of one of the world's most ancient and influential civilizations. Through high-quality English-language courses, students can explore the rich and diverse aspects of Chinese culture, from history and philosophy to art and society. By delving into the complexities of Chinese culture, students can broaden their perspectives, develop cross-cultural competencies, and gain a deeper appreciation for the global significance of Chinese culture. Whether you are a student, a professional, or simply a curious individual, studying Chinese culture in English can be an enriching and enlightening experience.。

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BACK
During the Spring Festival, some things are believed to bring good luck for the new year, while other things might bring bad luck. Read the items in the table below and decide whether they bring good luck or bad luck. When you finish, compare your answers in pairs.
Second edition
Unit 1
Understanding Chinese Culture
The Spring Festival in China
Around the topic Reading A
Language in Use Project
Culture Tips Learning to learn
other holidays? 5. What do Chinese people do on New Year’s Eve?
Do you agree with what Li Ming said
about the Spring Festival? What is
your opinion about it? Discuss this in
groups.
listening scripts
scripts
Susan: Glad you are back. We missed you during the vacation. How was your holiday?
Li Ming: It was fine. I had a wonderful time at home. During the Spring Festival we visited many places. We had a gettogether with many old friends.
7 Then people begin decorating their clean rooms featuring an atmosphere of rejoicing and festivity. All the doors will be pasted with Spring Festival couplets, highlighting Chinese calligraphy with black characters on red paper. The content varies from wishes for a bright future to good luck for the New Year. Also, pictures of door gods and Gods of Wealth will be posted on the front door to ward off evil spirits and welcome peace and abundance.
9. Talking about death
10. Wearing clothes in black and white
BACK
Reading A
BACK
1. Pre-reading Activities
A Chinese student is trying to introduce what he/she knows about the Spring Festival to his/her foreign friend. Work in pairs. One plays as a Chinese student and the other plays as a foreigner. Switch the roles in the next round.
Festival and meet parents, grandparents and as many aunts, uncles and cousins as possible. Susan: That’s a good opportunity for family reunion. Li Ming: Yeah, in the past, on New Year’s Eve, family members will stay at home making dumplings together. Many people enjoy watching the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. The evening is usually spent watching TV, playing games, talking, eating and drinking. Susan: You must have had a lot of fun. Li Ming: Yes, that’s why I always enjoy the Spring Festival.
6. Having the house cleaned from top to bottom before the Spring Festival
7. Opening windows or doors
8. Sweeping the floor on the first day of the Spring Festival
listening Chinese version
2. Reading Comprehension
3 Many customs accompany the Spring Festival. Some are still followed today, but others have weakened.
阴历阳历饺子爆竹焰火春联年糕年画团圆饭舞狮表演红包粽子元宵节庙会
Around the topic
3 Listening and speaking
Li Ming and Susan are having a conversation. Listen to the recording and answer the following questions.
BACK
2 Vocabulary
lunar calendar solar calendar
dumplings firecrackers fireworks Spring Festival couplets New Year’s cake New Year pictures reunion dinners lion dance red envelopes rice dumplings The Lantern Festival temple fairs
1. What are they talking about? 2. How did Li Ming spend his holiday? 3. What is Susan curious about? 4. What makes the Spring Festival different from
listening Chinese version
2. Reading Comprehension
6 Before the New Year comes, people clean the indoors and outdoors of their homes completely as well as their clothes, bedrooms and all their utensils.
② What do you usually do during the Spring Festival?
③n activities in your hometown during the Spring Festival?
④ In what ways do you think the Spring Festival has changed?
1. Bathing in pomelo leaves on New Year’s Eve
Good luck Bad luck
2. Buying a pair of shoes 3. Eating fish on New Year’s Eve
4. Eating sweets 5. Getting a haircut in the first lunar month
2. Reading Comprehension
The Spring Festival in China
1 The Spring Festival is the most important festival for the Chinese people. It is the time for all family members to get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back and it becomes the busiest time for transportation systems. 2 The Spring Festival falls on the first day of the first lunar month, often one month later than the Gregorian calendar. It originated in the Shang Dynasty (1600—1046BC) from people’s sacrifice to gods and ancestors at the end of an old year and the beginning of a new one.
Susan: What do you usually do to celebrate this holiday? Li Ming: Two important things make this holiday different from

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Unit 1 Understanding Chinese Culture

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