risk-management-insurance-factsheet
安全专业英语词汇
Unit 1 safety management systemAccident causation models 事故致因理论Safety management 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machine guarding 机械保护装置House-keeping 工作场所管理Top management 高层管理人员Human errors 人因失误Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型Munitions factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risking taking 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss prevention 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard control 危险控制Intensive study 广泛研究Organizational performance 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Safety committee 安全委员会Shop-floor 生产区Unionized company 集团公司Seniority 资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Absenteeism rate 缺勤率Power relations 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level management 低层管理者Business performance 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety principle 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划Hazard identification 危险辨识Safety performance 安全性能Unit 2 System Safety EngineeringSystem safety engineering 系统安全工程By-product 附带产生的结果Engineering practice 工程实践Safety problem 安全问题Accelerating technology 快速发展的技术Safety effort 安全投入System ’s l ife cycle 系统的生命周期System effectiveness 系统有效性Logical reasoning 逻辑推理Potential accident 潜在事故Accident cause 事故原因Logical programming 合理的规划System hazard 系统危害Safety input 安全投入Inherently safe system 本质安全系统Schedule delays 进度拖延Concept phase 初步计划阶段Safety criteria 安全标准Government regulations 政府管制System operation 系统运行System analysis 系统分析System design 系统设计Aid in 有助于Equipment specifications 设备说明Maintenance plans 维护计划Safety problems 安全问题Development phase 发展阶段Operation phase 运行阶段Performance reviews 绩效评估Disposal phase 处理阶段Intuitive process 直觉过程Make decisions 做决定Hazard control 危险控制Protective apparel 防护服Engineering solutions 工程方法/手段Protective devices 保护装置Warning devices 报警装置Incorrect interpretation 误解Hazardous material 危险物质Work area layout 工业区布局Educational solutions 教育方法/手段Training sessions 培训会议Safety promotion programs 安全促进项目Administrative solutions 行政方法/手段Personnel selection 人员选择Safety shoes 安全鞋Safety belt 安全带Safety glasses 防护眼镜Accident prevention 事故预防Technical system 技术系统Responsible official 负责人Unit 4 Hazard identificationHazard identification 危险识别Outcome 后果Ongoing process 正在进行的过程Place on 重视Exposure limit 暴露极限Ventilation system 通风系统Budgetary constraint 预算约束Jobsite safety inspection 工作场所安全检查Accident investigation 事故调查Labor management committee 劳动管理委员会Accident incidence 事故发生率Severity rate 严重事故率Industrial accident 工业事故Work procedure 工作/操作程序Walk-round inspection 巡视Overexertion 用力过度Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合症Extreme temperature 极限温度Worker-oriented 以人为本的Mitigate 减轻/缓和Abatement 降低/消除OHSMS 职业健康安全管理体系Legacy 遗产，留给后人的东西In practice 在实践中Allow for 考虑到Regulatory system 监管体系Review phase 审查阶段Specific objective 特殊目标Corrective action 纠正措施Be central to 极为重要Unit 5 What is an OHSMSRegulatory framework 规章制度European Union Framework Directive 欧盟框架指令All-encompassing approach 包罗万象的方法Sparingly 少量的Home grown 国产的/自己制定Chamber of Commerce and Industry 工商会/工商联Systematic approach 系统方法Systemic linkage 体系联动Inter-linked 相互链接Feedback loop 反馈环Specific program element 详细计划Mandatory 强制的Arise from 由。
安全专业英语词汇
安全专业英语词汇公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-Unit 1 safety management systemAccident causation models 事故致因理论Safety management 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machine guarding 机械保护装置House-keeping 工作场所管理Top management 高层管理人员Human errors 人因失误Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型Munitions factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risking taking 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss prevention 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard control 危险控制Intensive study 广泛研究Organizational performance 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Safety committee 安全委员会Shop-floor 生产区Unionized company 集团公司Seniority 资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Absenteeism rate 缺勤率Power relations 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level management 低层管理者Business performance 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety principle 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划Hazard identification 危险辨识Safety performance 安全性能Unit 2 System Safety EngineeringSystem safety engineering 系统安全工程By-product 附带产生的结果Engineering practice 工程实践Safety problem 安全问题Accelerating technology 快速发展的技术Safety effort 安全投入System’s life cycle 系统的生命周期System effectiveness 系统有效性Logical reasoning 逻辑推理Potential accident 潜在事故Accident cause 事故原因Logical programming 合理的规划System hazard 系统危害Safety input 安全投入Inherently safe system 本质安全系统Schedule delays 进度拖延Concept phase 初步计划阶段Safety criteria 安全标准Government regulations 政府管制System operation 系统运行System analysis 系统分析System design 系统设计Aid in 有助于Equipment specifications 设备说明Maintenance plans 维护计划Safety problems 安全问题Development phase 发展阶段Operation phase 运行阶段Performance reviews 绩效评估Disposal phase 处理阶段Intuitive process 直觉过程Make decisions 做决定Hazard control 危险控制Protective apparel 防护服Engineering solutions 工程方法/手段Protective devices 保护装置Warning devices 报警装置Incorrect interpretation 误解Hazardous material 危险物质Work area layout 工业区布局Educational solutions 教育方法/手段Training sessions 培训会议Safety promotion programs 安全促进项目Administrative solutions 行政方法/手段Personnel selection 人员选择Safety shoes 安全鞋Safety belt 安全带Safety glasses 防护眼镜Accident prevention 事故预防Technical system 技术系统Responsible official 负责人Unit 4 Hazard identificationHazard identification 危险识别Outcome 后果Ongoing process 正在进行的过程Place on 重视Exposure limit 暴露极限Ventilation system 通风系统Budgetary constraint 预算约束Jobsite safety inspection 工作场所安全检查Accident investigation 事故调查Labor management committee 劳动管理委员会Accident incidence 事故发生率Severity rate 严重事故率Industrial accident 工业事故Work procedure 工作/操作程序Walk-round inspection 巡视Overexertion 用力过度Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合症Extreme temperature 极限温度Worker-oriented 以人为本的Mitigate 减轻/缓和Abatement 降低/消除Unit 5 What is an OHSMSOHSMS 职业健康安全管理体系Legacy 遗产，留给后人的东西In practice 在实践中Allow for 考虑到Regulatory system 监管体系Review phase 审查阶段Specific objective 特殊目标Corrective action 纠正措施Be central to 极为重要Systematic approach 系统方法Systemic linkage 体系联动Inter-linked 相互链接Feedback loop 反馈环Specific program element 详细计划Mandatory 强制的Arise from 由。
电信辞典
Bfcy. BHC BIS bit Bk. Bk. Bk. Bkg. bldg. BMP BN BO BO BOM BOM BOO BOOM BOOT BOT BOY BR Br. Brok. BV C C c. C.A. C.A. C.A. C.A.D C.A.S. C.B. c.b.,C.B. C.C C.C. C.d. C.H. C.H. C.I.F. c.i.f.,C.I.F. C.I.T. C.L. C.M.A. C.O. C.O.,C/O c.o.d,C.O.D. C.o.d. C.P.A C.S. C.V.P. C.V.P. C.W.O. C/A C/A C/A
I.R. I/L I/T IAS IB IBA IBBR IBNR IBOR ICB ICIA ICJ ICM ICONs ICOR IDB IDB IDB IDC IDR IE IFB IL,I/L ILC IMF imp. in Inc. incl. incldd. incldg. inl. INLO Ins,ins. inst. Instal.,instal. Int. Int.int. Inv. inv.,Inv. inv.doc./attach. Inv’t.,invt. I-O IOU IOV IPN IPO IQ IR IRA IRA IRR IRR irred. IRS IS
ISIC IT IT ITC Item ITO ITS IV J.,Jour. J.A.(J/A) J.D.B. J.V. J.V. J/Ajoint J/F,j/f JVC K.D. K.D. kg kilom. kv kw KWH L L&D L. L. L.&D. L.,(Led.) L.A. L.A. (L/A) L.B. L.I.P. (LIP) l.s. l.s.t. L/C L/F L/M L/T lb LB LC (L/C) LCL/FCL LCL/LCL ldg. LG LI Li. lifo LIRCs LMT LotSize LRP LRPF LT Ltd.
风险评估表-中英文对照表
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FM023A CRxxxx
6. 结论 Conclusion
6.1 整体剩余风险可接受性评估 Evaluation of Overall Residual Risk Acceptability
其他 Others
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签名 Sign Off
日期 Date
FM023A CRxxxx
7. 上市后期信息 Post-production Information
7.1 上市后期信息 Post-production Information
签名代表 Representative 项目负责人 Project Owner 工程经理 Engineering Manager 市场总监 Marketing Director 研发总监 R & D Director 总经理/管理代表 General Manager/MR Manag生er产/M经R理MPanroadgeurc/tMioRn Manager 质量&法规理事 Quality & Regulatory 第三方顾问Af/f临air床s 专家 Third Party Advisor /Clinical Specialist
3. 风险分析 Risk Analysis
3.1 使用风险分析 Use Risk Analysis 3.2 设计风险分析 Design Risk Analysis 3.3 生产风险分析 Production Risk Analysis
银行资产分类词汇
acetate yarn?醋酸纤维acetic acid?醋酸acetone?丙酮acetyl chemicals?乙酰(xian-1)化学品acrylonitrile?丙烯腈amorphouspolyolefins?无结晶聚烯烃benzene?苯biodegradablepolyesters?生物裂解聚酯butadiene?丁烷butylene?丁烯cellulose acetate fiber ?醋酸纤维coatings and paint raw materials?涂料和油漆原料copolyesters?共聚酯custom chemicals ?专门定购化学品Eastotac?树脂engineering compounded plastics?工程复合塑料ethane?乙烷ethylanmine?乙胺ethylene?乙烯ethylene glycol(MEG)?乙二醇film?薄膜filter tow?过滤用长丝fine chemicals ?精细化学品foodingredients?食品添加剂glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate(PETG)?醇化聚酯heavy-gauge sheeting?厚板材
on-site inspection?现场检查on-sitevisit?现场访问out-of-area loan?外地信贷outstandingbalance?未清偿余额overdue?逾期pass, overdue, idle & bad loans(POIB)?一逾两呆past due loans?逾期贷款pending factor?未决因素poorly structuredloan?结构不合理贷款problem loans?有问题贷款Profit and loss?损益（表）provision?准备金provisioning?准备金提取quick ratio?速动比率rehabilitation?repaymentschedule?还款计划restructured loans?重组贷款risk-weightedasset?风险加权资产ROCA?洛卡评级法roll-overs?展期securityenforcement?行使抵押权side agreement?附件special mentionasset?特别提及资产special reserve?特殊准备金specific reserve?专项准备金substandardassets?次级资产suspense account?挂帐term loan?定期贷款to credit?贷记todebit?借记trading on equity?财务杠杆；举债经营troubled loan?有问题贷款turnoverratio?周转比率weak loan?低质量贷款work outproblem?核销有问题write-off?冲销write-up ?(贷款)批评报告
Risk Management 风险管理
RMI 3350 Risk Seminar
3
Business economics of Insurers
• Consider an automaker: the financing of assets (liability) are largely detached from productions and sales • An insurer: more sales automatically increase liability, and risk. Implications:
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Regulatory Monitoring - FAST
• FAST - Financial Analysis Tracking System
o Early warning system o Looks at more ratios than IRIS o Assigns scores for each ratio and calculates an aggregate score o Regulatory attention if score is too low
RMI 3350 Risk Seminar
8
4
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Example to Illustrate the Role of Insurer Capital
• Although expected claim cost = $10 million, actual claim costs are uncertain • Assume total claim cost distribution is as follows. What is the probability of insolvency?
我所了解的加拿大皇家银行(RoyalBankofCanada)
和国内在线银行的跨行转账功能比起来， Interac 汇款的优点是到帐迅速、 平台兼容性好（许多加拿大银行都有这个功能） ，保密安全性好（有事先约定的
暗号）。
ii. Saving Accounts
Saving Accounts 是指支付利息的账户。需要支付手续费的，但是用来向商户交易或者取现是需要收费的。这种储蓄账户
从表中可以看出，较高级的账户收取超过 $10/ 月的服务费，服务的差别主要
集中在支票数量、网上银行服务限额、超限费方面。比较国内而言， 售方面市场区分较细，针对需求不同的客户分别创造出了不同的产品。
RBC 在零
值得注意的是，加拿大的众多银行退出了一种名为
Interac Email Money
Transfer 的在线银行 (Online Banking) 服务。这种服务的受众非常广，所有帐户 均能够享受。但是，每一笔 Interac 汇款将被收取 $1.50 ，除非客户订制的特定的 产品包内包括了免费的 Interac 汇款。 (3)
回顾与风险政策委员会 (Conduct review and Risk policy Committee)
、公司管理与公共政策
委员会 (Corporate Governance and Public Policy Committee) 、人力资源委员会 (Human
Resource Committee) 。 (7) 银行下设五个部门 (Business Segment)
A banking account that offers the freedom of unlimited transactions for one low monthly fee with no surprises.
Risk management and insurance
Q1. Explain four (4) sources of risk management in insurance operations.(1)Property risksRisk that property may be damaged, destroyed, or stolen. For example, lightning tornadoes, hurricanes, explosions, riots, collisions, falling objects, floods, earthquakes, freezing, etc.(2)Liability riskLegal judgments may result in payments made to compensate injured parties as well as to punish those responsible for the injuries. Even if the individual is absolved of liability the expenses involved in the defense may be substantial.All individuals who own or use real property are susceptible to liability losses if others are injured on their premises.(3)Life and health and loss of income risks.The possibility of the untimely death of a star salesperson.The potential death of a parent with young children.Employees who become ill or injured in accidents.(4)Financial riskInclude credit risk, foreign exchange risk, commodity risk, and interest rate risk.These risks must be identified and assessed in order for the firm to achieve its business goals.Q2. Discuss Three (3) components of principles of indemnity in insurance with suitable examples.Indemnity restores the insured to the same financial position after a loss as he enjoyed immediately prior to the loss. More simply, indemnity may be defined as an exact financial compensation. There are three components of indemnity, they are (1) Contribution, (2) Subrogation, and (3) Proximate Cause.(1). Contribution: Contribution is the doctrine which enables an insurer to call upon other insurers similarly (but not necessarily equally) liable to the same insured to share the cost of an indemnity payment. It arises where there is an “overlap” of insurances, so that an insured is covered more than once in respect of the same loss.Because of desire for full insurance protection and the fact that many policies offer various extensions to their basic cover, contribution often arises in quite innocent circumstance. For example, a person might insure his computer under an “all risks” policy. If the computer is stolen from his house, there may well be contribution with his comprehensive house policy, which has a section covering personal effects missing from the house.(2). Subrogation: Subrogation means the exercise, for one‟s own benefits, of rights or remedies possessed by another against third parties. If the rights of remedies have already been exercised, subrogation entitles one to the proceeds therefrom. Subrogation rights are acquired by insurers once they have provided their insured with an indemnity, and at common law any actions to recover from third parties must be conducted in the name of the insured.A common example where subrogation rights arise is in motor insurance. A motorist insured under a comprehensive policy has two sources of compensation if another motorist negligent damages his vehicle; from his insurers and from the negligentmotorist. If he decides to claim under his own policy, his insurers are in due course subrogated to his rights against the third party. They can thus recover any money paid under their policy, and the insured is not paid twice for the same damage.(3). Proximate Cause: Proximate cause means the active, efficient cause that sets in motion a train of events which brings about a result, without the intervention of any force started and working actively from a new and independent source.Example: If a car is driving along and swerves to prevent itself hitting a dog and that then causes damage to a lamp post and five other cars, then the car that swerved is the proximate cause. In this example, the foreseeable risk is the dog which led to the accident that was directly caused by the driver whose intention was to prevent hitting the dog.Q3. Describe the five (5) types of general policy plan of insurance.The five types of general policy plan are fire insurance, Auto insurance, Employer‟s liabilities, General liabilities, and Accident insurance.(1) Fire insurance: Fire insurance is a form of property insurance which protects people from the costs incurred by fires. When a structure is covered by fire insurance, the insurance policy will pay out in the event that the structure is damaged or destroyed by fire. Some standard property insurance policies include fire insurance in their coverage, while in other cases, fire insurance may need to be purchased separately.(2) Auto insurance: A contract for an automobile in which one party agrees to pay for another party's financial loss resulting from a specified event (for example, a collision, theft or storm damage)(3) Accident insurance: The term accident insurance is rather vague, embracing what may be described as a miscellany of only slightly connected different classes of business. The exact constitution of an accident department will vary between insurers.(4) Employer‟s liabilities: In general, employers may be held liable for an accident arising out of the general course of employment. Employers‟ liability insurance will enable you to meet the cost of compensation for your employees‟ injuries or illness whether they are caused on or off site. However, any injuries and illness relating to motor accidents that occur while your employees are working for you may be covered separately by your motor insurance.(5) General liability: Insurance policy that covers claims arising from an insured's liability due to damage or injury (caused by negligence or acts of omission) during performance of his or her duties or business.Q4. Elaborate the four (4) methods of compensation that insurer can applied in conventional insurance.Compensation refers to the actual value of the protection or losses the insured buy from insurers. There are four types of compensation, they are (1) Cash, (2) Repairing, (3)Build new, and (4)Other properties.Cash: refers to the money in the physical from of currency, such as banknotes and coins. In this area, insurance, it means when someone gets losses or risks, he can get the compensation in the form of cash if he bought insurance for his properties, he can use the cashes to cover their losses.Repairing: It is like the name of its, it means when people get destroys or damages, the insurer will cover all the cost of repairing it if the casualty already bought the insurance for their properties.Build new: It is the same with repairing, when people suffered losses or damages but had already bought insurance for them, they can ask to rebuild a new one and the insurer will pay all the costs.Other properties: This includes the other properties be destroyed, the insured can get protections from insurers as compensation.Q5. Calculation.A. Determine the total fire losses payable in ringgits.Value: RM 10,00050—10%—50*10%*10,000=50,00040—50%—40*50%*10,000=200,00010—100%—10*10,000=100,000Total fire losses=RM 50,000+RM 20,000+RM 100,000=RM 350,000 (b) Calculate the pure premium under full coverage by insured.B) Total premium=2,000,000+500,000+10,000,000 =135,000,0006. Identify and explain four (4) major ocean marine coverages available under general insurance plan.There are five major ocean marine coverages under general insurance plan:(1) Vessel & Hull or Ship: It is the watertight body of a ship or boat. Above the hull is the superstructure and/or deckhouse, where present. The line where the hull meets the water surface is called the waterline.(2) The cargo/container: It is goods or produce transported, generally for commercial gain, by ship, aircraft, train, van or truck. In modern times, containers are used in most intermodal long-haul cargo transport.(3) Crews/Staff: It is a person who navigates water-borne vessels or assists in their operation, maintenance, or service.(4) Shipping revenues received by shipowners: Shipowners can get revenues by transport the businesspeoples‟ goods from one area to another.(5) Legal liability for companies: 1) monies owed, shown on a balance sheet. (2) individual's or company's obligation to act responsibly or face compensatory penalties.7. Briefly describe where the payment of the auto insurance premium goes for various types of expenses.The auto insurance premium goes for three factors, they are (1) categories of expenditures, (2) payment for damage to cars, and (3) expenses.(1) Categories of expenditure (injured person): this category takes a 33% of the total premium, it includes the medical that are used to cover the cost of medical for injured person and also the owners, and the lawyer‟s fee that is the fee pay to the lawyers when it is needed to retain a lawyer and other expenditures.(2) Payment for damage to cars: This takes a 47 percent into the total amount of premium. It concludes the property damage liability that is the cost of the property, the car and other properties involved in the damage of car.(3) Expenses: This is the expenses such as the commissions /selling expenses. It…s the expenses given to the agent/brokers. They are 24 percent into the total premium.So the total premium included in the three categories are 104%, that means the insurer will pay extra $4 from his own pockets.8. Identify and briefly describe two the different types of health insurance providers in insurance industry.The two types of health insurance are the basic health insurance and major medical insurance.There are three factors of basic health insurance: hospital which includes ambulance/cross red, bed/food/drink, treatment, and medical insurance. Another factor is surgical/operation which consists of specialist, nurse, equipment, and medicine. And the last one is regular/follow up refers to the cost that the insured must pay during the following treatment.The second factors of health insurance is miscellaneous coverages /others. It consists of three aspects. Dental is one of the miscellaneous coverages that refers to the protection of one‟s dental. Another is long care that means the insured or patient can‟t stay in the hospital forever, they must leave the hospital after they recover.Q9. What is an annuity? Identify the Three (3) elements that may be combined to make up an annuity payment to an annuitant under retirement plan.An annuity is a contract that provides for the liquidation of a sum of money through a series of payment during a specific period of time.The three elements that make up an annuity payment are social security, employee‟s insurance, and savings.Social security means that when the people start work, he must pay certain percent of his salary (11%) for their social security in two accounts in order to continue his life after retired. This is compulsory. After the person retired, he can withdraw the total money lump sum.Employer-sponsored retirement plan or insurance, it means the employer advices employees take a certain amount of salaries for retirement or to buy insurance. The employees can not only get return from the insurer because insurer use the premium to investment, but also get the protection from insurer. It is the best way that people can choose for retirement.Savings refers to the people save a certain amount of money/salary into the banks. The person can not only make his money safe, but also get the interest. So people use this style to keep their life go on.10. Mr. Mustafa has a house valued at RM 150,000 and takes out insurance in two companies, each policy in the amount of RM 100,000. If the house is totally destroyed, can Mr. Mustafa collect in full from both companies? Why or why not.Mr. Mustafa can not collect in full from both companies.Because according to the principles of insurance, the indemfity, contribution, which is “enables an insurer to call upon other insurers similarly (but not necessarily equally) liable to the same insured to share the cost of an indemnity payment”, Each insurer will pay proportionately to the cover they have provided. So in this case, Mr. Mustafa can just get RM 150,000 from two insurers, it means each insurer is only needed to pay RM 75,000.。
风险术语的英文对照
风险术语的英文对照1. Risk Assessment - 风险评估2. Risk Management - 风险管理3. Risk Mitigation - 风险缓解4. Risk Identification - 风险识别5. Risk Analysis - 风险分析6. Risk Control - 风险控制7. Risk Response - 风险应对8. Risk Avoidance - 风险避免9. Risk Transfer - 风险转移10. Risk Tolerance - 风险容忍度11. Risk Probability - 风险概率12. Risk Impact - 风险影响13. Risk Assessment Matrix - 风险评估矩阵14. Risk Register - 风险登记册15. Risk Treatment Plan - 风险处理计划16. Risk Exposure - 风险暴露度17. Risk Control Measures - 风险控制措施18. Risk Indicator - 风险指标19. Risk Communication - 风险沟通20. Risk Event - 风险事件请注意，上述术语仅提供参考，具体的风险管理术语可能根据行业和上下文有所不同。
Risk management is an essential component of any organization, as it involves the identification, assessment, and mitigation of potential risks that could impact the achievement of objectives. In order to effectively manage risks, itis crucial to have a clear understanding of various risk terminologies and their corresponding translations in English.Risk assessment, or 风险评估, is the process of identifying and evaluating potential risks to determine their likelihood and potential impact. This involves analyzing the probability of a risk occurring and assessing the potential consequences it could have on the organization. Risk assessments are typically conducted using various tools and techniques such as risk matrices, scenario analysis, and historical data.Once risks have been identified and assessed, the organization can proceed with risk management, or 风险管理. This involves developing strategies and action plans to minimize or eliminate the identified risks. Risk management aims to reduce the likelihood of a risk occurring or its potential impact if it does occur. It includes risk mitigation, or 风险缓解, which involves implementing measures to reduce the probability and/or severity of a risk.Risk identification, or 风险识别, is the process of identifying potential risks that could impact the organization's objectives. This includes analyzing internal and external factors that could lead to risks, such as changes in regulations, market volatility, or operational vulnerabilities. Risk analysis, or 风险分析, is the process of evaluating the identified risks to determine their potential impact and prioritize their treatment.Risk control, or 风险控制, involves implementing measures to reduce or manage the identified risks. This includes developingand implementing risk control measures, such as implementing safety protocols, conducting regular inspections, or implementing redundancy measures. Risk response, or 风险应对, refers to the actions taken by the organization to address identified risks. This could include accepting the risk, avoiding the risk, transferring the risk to a third party, or implementing measures to mitigate the risk.Risk avoidance, or 风险避免, refers to the strategy of completely eliminating the exposure to a particular risk. This could involve making changes to business processes, discontinuing certain activities, or avoiding certain markets or investments. Risk transfer, or 风险转移, involves transferring the responsibility and financial implications of a risk to another party, such as purchasing insurance coverage.Risk tolerance, or 风险容忍度, refers to the level of risk that an organization is willing to accept in order to achieve its objectives. This involves striking a balance between maximizing opportunities and minimizing potential risks. Risk probability, or 风险概率, refers to the likelihood or chance of a risk occurring. Risk impact, or 风险影响, refers to the magnitude of the consequences that would result if a risk were to occur.A risk assessment matrix, or 风险评估矩阵, is a tool used to evaluate and prioritize risks based on their likelihood and impact. It provides a visual representation of risks and helps in determining appropriate risk management strategies. A risk register, or 风险登记册, is a document that records all identified risks, along with their likelihood, potential impact, and mitigation measures.To implement effective risk management, organizations develop risk treatment plans, or 风险处理计划, which outline the specific actions to be taken to manage identified risks. These plans include a clear description of the risk, its potential impact, the desired risk treatment strategy, and the individuals responsible for its implementation.Risk exposure, or 风险暴露度, refers to the level of vulnerability or susceptibility of the organization to a particular risk. It considers the organization's potential financial, operational, and reputational losses resulting from a risk event. Risk control measures, or 风险控制措施, are actions implemented to mitigate or prevent identified risks. These measures may include implementing internal controls, conducting training programs, or investing in technologies to mitigate risks.Risk indicators, or 风险指标, are quantitative or qualitative measures used to monitor and assess risks. These indicators help in identifying early warning signs of emerging risks, enabling timely and proactive risk management. Risk communication, or 风险沟通, refers to the process of sharing information about risks within the organization or with external stakeholders. Effective risk communication is crucial for ensuring that everyone understands the risks, their potential impact, and the organization's strategiesfor managing them.Overall, understanding and utilizing risk terminologies in both English and their native language is vital for effective riskmanagement. It ensures clear communication, facilitates collaboration, and enhances the organization's ability to identify, assess, and mitigate risks. By effectively managing risks, organizations can safeguard their interests, minimize losses, and enhance their overall performance and resilience.。
管理学英语词汇
管理学英语词汇（1）目标mission/ objective集体目标group objective内部环境internal environment外部环境external environment计划planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management 现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity 激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product管理学必备英语词汇服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory（2）经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach 管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system管理学必备英语词汇表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor-hours lost销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service策略strategy结构structure(3)领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat 个人责任personal responsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective优先priority工资表payroll（4）策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy 战术tactics(5)追随followership个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic(6)激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs forself-actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward(7)特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills 行政管理能力administrative ability 智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriented leadership through nontrade channels非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions费改税transform administrative fees into taxes跟踪审计follow-up auditing工程监理制度the monitoring system for projects国有资产安全the safety of state-owned汉语新难词英译保险业the insurance industry保证重点指出ensure funding for priority areas补发拖欠的养老金clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款non-performing loan层层转包和违法分包multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting城乡信用社credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 a minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保障制度the system of medical insurance for urban workers出口信贷export credit贷款质量loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法the five-category assets classification for bank loans防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程flood-prevention project非法外汇交易illegal foreign exchange transaction非贸易收汇foreign exchange earnings assets过度开垦excess reclamation合同管理制度the contract system for governing projects积极的财政政策pro-active fiscal policy 基本生活费basic allowance解除劳动关系sever labor relation金融监管责任制the responsibility system for financial supervision经济安全economic security靠扩大财政赤字搞建设to increase the deficit to spend more on development扩大国内需求the expansion of domestic demand拉动经济增长fuel economic growth粮食仓库grain depot粮食收购企业grain collection and storage enterprise粮食收购资金实行封闭运行closed operation of grain purchase funds粮食销售市场grain sales market劣质工程shoddy engineering乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currencyunder false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage融资渠道financing channels商业信贷原则the principles for commercial credit社会保险机构social security institution失业保险金unemployment insurance benefits偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes外汇收支foreign exchange revenue and spending安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents信息化information-based; informationization智力密集型concentration of brain power; Knowledge-intensive外资企业overseas-funded enterprises 下岗职工laid-off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel 三角债chain debts素质教育education for all-round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects社会治安情况law-and-order situation民族国家nation state“**” "independence of Taiwan"台湾当局Taiwan authorities台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
安全专业英语词汇
U n i t1s a f e t y m a n a g e m e n t s y s t e m管绩主Safety principle 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划Hazard identification 危险辨识Safety performance 安全性能安府备全政约作调包的制查Fact finding 寻找事实Operating procedures flow diagrams 操作过程流程图Maintenance chart 维修图表Bound notebook 活页笔记本Physical or chemical law 物理或化学定律Table of contents 目录Narrative 叙事的Counter-measure 干预措施operations because of accidents such as: cranes overturning, material falling from hoists and gin wheels collapsing. Many more suffer long-term injury because they regularly lift or carry items which are heavy or awkward to handle, foe example: lifting dense concrete blocks, paviours laying slabs and labourers lifting and carrying bagged products, such as cement and aggregates.很多建筑工人在起重操作过程中由于一些事（故如起重机翻倒、物体从吊重机上坠落、三脚起重机的轮子垮塌等）而丧命或严重受伤。
更多的工人会因为经常举起或搬运一些笨重的物体（如：搬运密实混泥土砖、铺设工人铺建混泥土路面、工人举起或搬运一些袋装东西如水泥、块状物等）的时候而遭受长期的伤痛。
投行英文简历模板(突出教育背景,实习经历)
Donald QiaoWestwood Plaza, Box 951481 Shanghai, 190095(+86)138-****8000*****************EDUCATIONPresent Jobs School Shanghai Candidate for Masters of Business Administration Degree, June 2012•Concentration in Finance and Entrepreneurship2002.9 - 2006.6University of Jobs Guangzhou Bachelor of Arts Degree, GPA3.8/4•Major in English•Dean’s List all semestersEXPERIENCE2011.7-2011.8I-Jobs & Co.Shanghai Summer Associate, Investment Banking•Designed complex leveraged buyout, recapitalization, valuation, merger, and debtcapac-ity analysis for Merrill Lynch clients.•Advised strategic and financial buyers on acquisitions, divestitures, restructurings, and leveraged buyouts.2006.5-2011.6Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette Securities Corporation Shenzhen Financial Analyst, Mergers and Acquisitions Group•Drafted sales force marketing materials for debt and equity offerings.•Prepared company calculations, including fairness opinions, based on discounted cash flow, comparable company, precedent transactions and break-up value analyses.•Created leveraged buyouts and merger models to assess pro forma effects of potential transactions on corporate earnings, capital structure, credit ratios and ownership.•As a senior Analyst, managed and mentored 10 first-year analysts.•Led University of Pennsylvania recruiting team.•Selected by Analyst Steering Committee as modeling tutor for "Analyst TrainingProgram".•Merger and Acquisitions transactions: $450 million sell-side advisory for clients and aircraft assets to former management; $300 million buy-side advisory and placementagent for $20 million private convertible preferred equity security to fund theacquisition.•Financing transactions: $600 million senior notes offering; $68 million secondaryequityoffering; $50 million private exchange fund offering; $50 million preferredstock-offering.PERSONAL•Member of Investment Banking Club, Finance Club, Entrepreneur Association,Anderson Real Estate Association, and Squash Club•Member of Golf Club, Ultimate Frisbee Club; Private Yacht Captain; SailingInstructor•Fluent in Spanish•Riordan Scholar Mentor, Challenge for Charity Organization, Special Olympics。
精算报告编报规则
精算报告编报规则目录总体说明第一部分：责任准备金及保单相关负债报告1)责任准备金评估说明2)责任准备金评估基础汇总表（表1-1）3)两年责任准备金及保单相关负债汇总表（表1-2）4)本年度责任准备金及保单相关负债评估基础变更报告表（表1-3）5)长期险责任准备金压力测试表（表1-4）6)责任准备金覆盖率分析表（表1-5）7)会计准备金与责任准备金比较表（表1-6）第二部分：业务统计报告1)直接业务保单变动情况统计表（表2-1）2)直接业务保费收入情况统计表（表2-2）3)新单业务结构统计表（表2-3）4)再保险业务统计表a.再保险业务统计表——分出业务（表2-4-1）b.再保险业务统计表——分入业务（表2-4-2）c.再保险业务统计表——财务再保险（表2-4-3）第三部分：分红型人身保险业务报告2)分红型保险业务报告3)分红保险业务资产负债状况表（表3-1）4)分红保险盈余的计算与分配a.分红保险盈余计算与分配表（格式一）（表3-2-1）b.分红保险盈余计算与分配表（格式二）（表3-2-2）c.分红保险盈余计算与分配表（格式三）（表3-2-3）d.分红保险盈余计算与分配表（格式四）（表3-2-4）第四部分：万能型人身保险业务报告1)万能型保险业务报告2)万能险账户与产品基本情况表（表4-1）3)万能险产品费用结构（表4-2）4)万能险账户资产组合及收益明细表（表4-3）5)万能账户责任准备金情况表（表4-4）6)万能账户投资收益及负债成本情况表（表4-5）第五部分：投资连结型保险业务报告1)投资连结型保险业务报告2)投资连结型保险账户基本情况表（表5-1）3)投资连结型保险产品费用结构（表5-2）4)投资连结账户资产组合及收益（表5-3）5)投资连结型业务本年度月末账户单位价格及增长率汇总表（表5-4）第六部分：负债与资产匹配管理报告1)负债与资产匹配情况a.负债与资产修正久期情况表（表6-1）2)成本收益匹配情况a.公司整体成本收益匹配情况表（表6-2-1）b.固定收益类资产成本收益匹配情况表（表6-2-2）第七部分：现金流压力测试报告1)基本情景下的现金流状况a.基本情景现金流压力测试表-公司整体（表7-1-1）b.基本情景现金流压力测试表-普通型人身保险业务（表7-1-2）c.基本情景现金流压力测试表-分红型人身保险业务（表7-1-3）d.基本情景现金流压力测试表-万能型人身保险业务（表7-1-4）e.基本情景现金流压力测试表-投资连结型人身保险业务（表7-1-5）2)压力情景现金流压力测试表-公司整体（表7-2）3)债务性资本工具情况表（表7-3）4)到期资产现金流表（表7-4）5)未来3年业务规划（表7-5）第八部分：内含价值报告1)内含价值报告2)内含价值变动分析表（表8）总体说明一、年度精算报告由八部分组成：责任准备金及保单相关负债报告、业务统计报告、分红型人身保险业务报告、万能型人身保险业务报告、投资连结型保险业务报告、负债与资产匹配管理报告、现金流压力测试报告、内含价值报告。
保险专业英语常用词汇
保险英语，保险词汇共享：acceptance policy 英文翻译：核保政策accounting period 英文翻译：结算期aggregate limit 英文翻译：累积限额aggregated loss 英文翻译：累积损失antiselection 英文翻译：逆选择ART (Alternative Risk Transfer)英文翻译：新型风险转移balance 所欠款项barrages 堰坝captive pools 自保组合catastrophe risk 巨灾风险ceiding company 分出公司cession limit 分保限额claim-prone 容易出险claims assistance 理赔协助clean cut 结清方式coinsurance 共保commencement and termination 起讫cover 承保cover 责任额deposit premium 预付保费destroyed 毁坏4保险英语词汇翻译险种及险别险种health insurance 疾病保险，健康保险sickness insurance 疾病保险insurance during a period of illness 疾病保险insurance for medical care 医疗保险"major medical" insurance policy 巨额医药费保险life insurance 人寿保险endowment insurance 养老保险insurance on last survivor 长寿保险social insurance 社会保险personal property insurance 个人财产保险insurance of contents 家庭财产保险险别All Risks 一切险risk of breakage 破碎险risk of clashing 碰损险risk of rust 生锈险risk of hook damage 钩损险risk of contamination (tainting) 污染险earth caves 土坏房屋EPAevent limit 事件限额ex gratia payments 通融赔款excess loss 超额赔款exclusion 除外责任exposed areas 风险承受区域facultative reinsurance 临时分保fault zone 断层区finite risk 有限制的风险flash floods 骤发洪水flooding of rivers 洪水泛滥frame structure 框架结构full coverage 全额承保full insurance value 足额保险价值full liability 全部责任Geophysics Institute 地球物理研究所GNPI 总净保费收入hailstorm 雹暴heavy damage 严重破坏hollow brick wall 空斗砖结构hour clause 小时条款hurricane 飓风insurance against total loss only (TLO) 全损险risk of deterioration 变质险risk of packing breakage 包装破裂险risk of inherent vice 内在缺陷险risk of normal loss (natural loss) 途耗或自然损耗险risk of spontaneous combustion 自然险risk of contingent import duty 进口关税险insurance against war risk 战争险Air Transportation Cargo War Risk 航空运输战争险overland Transportation Insurance War Risk 陆上运输战争险insurance against strike, riot and civil commotion (SRCC) 罢工，暴动，民变险insurance against extraneous risks, insurance against additional risks 附加险risk of theft, pilferage and nondelivery (TPND) 盗窃提货不着险risk of fresh and/of rain water damage(wetting) 淡水雨淋险risk of leakage 渗漏险risk of shortage in weight/quantity 短量险risk of sweating and/or heating 受潮受热险5保险英语翻译risk of bad odour(change of flavour) 恶味险，变味险risk of mould 发霉险individual losses 单一损失insurability 可保性insured losses 保险损失intensity 烈度layering 层次less exposed 损失可能性小liability 责任light damage 轻度破坏line slips 分保条loading 附加费loss occurrence 损失发生loss occurring basis 损失发生基础loss participation 分担损失loss settlement 损失赔付magnitude 震级malicious damage 恶意损害moderate damage 中度破坏multi-story building 多层建建筑Munich Re 慕尼黑再net retained lines 净自留额net retained losses 损失净自赔额no profit commission 无纯益风险non-proportional reinsurance 非比例on deck risk 舱面险6保险英语翻译保险业词汇Terms used in insurance industry accident意外事故险actuarial method精算法Advance Loss Profits (ALOP)预期利润损失险，利损险Advance profit预期利润broker经纪人Business Interruption Insurance (BI) 营业中断险captive自保公司casualty意外伤害险catastrophe巨灾险ceding company再保险notification 告知object 标的obligatory reinsurance 固定分保original deductibles 原始免赔额original rate 原始费率paid-up capital 已付资本peak accelerator 峰值加速度peril 危险PICC Re 中保再placement 安排PML 可能最大损失policyholder 保单持有者pool 共保组合portfolio entry 未满期责任的出帐portfolio outgo 未满期责任的入帐premium 保费previous losses 既往损失priority 分保自留额priority 自付责任3保险英语词汇表proportional reinsurance 比例再保险rainstorm 雨暴分出公司claim索赔claim settlement理赔combined ratio综合赔付率Consequential Loss (CL)7保险英语翻译，保险专业词汇。
RBC 资本充足率v3
RBC风险资本监管体系介绍第三版目录一、概述 (2)二、寿险风险资本比率的计算（LRBC Ratio） (4)2.1调整的资本Adjusted Capital (5)2.2关联资产风险（C-0）Affiliated Asset Risk (7)2.3非关联资产风险 (C-1) Unaffiliated Asset Risk (7)2.4保险风险 (C-2) (10)2.5市场风险 (C-3) (11)2.6其他风险 (C-4) (14)2.7税的影响 (15)2.8风险的分散和关联影响 (15)2.9RBC中不包含的风险 (17)2.10RBC中的假设 (18)2.10.1退保率假设 (18)三、风险资本比率与监管干预层次 (18)四、保险监管信息系统（IRIS）和财务分析和偿付能力跟踪系统(FAST) (20)五、其他测试： (22)六、保险公司实际使用的资本充足率要求 (22)七、偿付能力现代化计划（SMI） (24)八、其他国家偿付能力监管 (28)a)新加坡 (29)b)欧盟II (33)一、概述全美保险监督官协会（National Association of Insurance Commissioners，以下简称NAIC）偿付能力监管由保险监管信息系统IRIS（Insurance Regulatory Information System），财务分析和偿付能力跟踪系统FAST(Financial Analysis Solvency Tools)，风险资本额监控（Risk-Based Capital)，现金流量监管(Cash Flow Testing)，法定会计准则(Statutory Accounting Principles )和其他各种常规、非常规现场稽核组成。
NAIC 风险资本制度通过风险资本比率（RBC Ratio = Adjusted Capital/Authorized control level RBC)来评估资本盈余的充足性率，实现对保险公司偿付能力的早期预警和监管。
中国保监会关于发布《产险单证（JRT0051-2017）》行业标准的通知
中国保监会关于发布《产险单证（JRT0051-2017）》
行业标准的通知
文章属性
•【制定机关】中国保险监督管理委员会(已撤销)
•【公布日期】2017.04.27
•【文号】保监发〔2017〕39号
•【施行日期】2017.04.27
•【效力等级】部门规范性文件
•【时效性】现行有效
•【主题分类】标准化
正文
中国保监会关于发布《产险单证（JRT0051-2017）》行业标
准的通知
保监发〔2017〕39号机关各部门，各保监局，培训中心，中国保险保障基金有限责任公司、中国保险信息技术管理有限责任公司、中保投资有限责任公司、上海保险交易所股份有限公司、中国保险报业股份有限公司，中国保险行业协会、中国保险学会、中国精算师协会、中国保险资产管理业协会，各保险公司、保险资产管理公司：全国金融标准化技术委员会保险分技术委员会对《产险单证（JR/T0051－2009）》进行修订，制定了《产险单证（JR/T0051－2017）》行业标准，并通过了审查。
按照《全国金融标准化技术委员会保险分技术委员会章程》，现予以发布，请遵照执行(原标准自修订后标准发布之日起同时废止)。
附件：产险单证（JR/T0051－2017）
中国保监会
2017年4月27日。
保险基本英语术语
保险根本英语术语累积结余 (accumulated value) 人寿保单〔有储蓄成份的〕之现金价值结余。
全险 (all risks) 这个名词外表涵义使人有点混淆，以为这类保险包括X围相当广泛。
事实上，有些风险仍然不在承保之列。
换言之，投保人不应对「全险」一词顾名思义，而应详细阅读保单内的条文。
年金 (annuity) 年金计划是一种向保险公司领取现金的保险计划，用途多以作为养老金。
保险公司会收取受领人〔annuitant〕一笔款项作为支付年金的代价。
年金的受领人可以一个或多过一个，而购置年金可以在开始时一次过缴付，亦可以是预先分期缴付。
比例计算法 (average) 保持十足的投保额，使承保人能收取足够的保费是极为重要的，如投保额不足，保险公司会采用「比例制度」。
这个制度乃为投保额不足的情况而设，让投保人需要承当不足局部的风险。
现时大局部财物和财务方面的保险都采用比例制度来计算赔偿。
「比例分担」条文 (average condition) 应用于财物保险(船舶保险除外)。
如投保额低于重置财物之市值，那么赔偿额会于赔偿时按比例减少。
受益人 (beneficiary) 保单持有人所指定承受保险赔偿金的个人或个体。
改善(betterment) 投保于「赔偿契约」保单的财物，经重建或修理后有所改善。
盗窃罪(burglary) 通常指强行或以暴力进入或离开有关场所的偷窃行为，较完全偷窃保险的限制为多。
如果您有购置窃盗保险，那么应查阅实际提供的承保X围，确保切合您的需要。
现金价值 (cash value) 保单持有人在取消保单合约时可以取回之款项。
保险凭证(certificate of insurance) 由团体保单持有人对个别受保人发出之保险证明，内容清楚说明受保X围。
赔偿 (claim) 根据保单条款而支付的款项。
损害赔偿合约(contract of indemnity) 适用于财物保险，目的是赔偿投保人遭受的损失，主要是防止投保人从不幸中获利〔得到的赔偿比损失为大〕。
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What does SAS ®Risk Management for Insurance do?SAS Risk Management for Insurance is designed to perform risk analysis and risk-based capital calculations for both life and P&C insurance companies. The solution supports the standard model approach for Solvency II compliance. With the solution, you can perform:• Enterprise risk data management.• Market-consistent valuation of assets and liabilities.• Stress testing analysis.• Aggregation of risk capital charges.• Calculation of Solvency Capital Requirements (SCR) and Minimum Capital Requirements (MCR).• Regulatory and internal risk reporting.Why is SAS ® Risk Management for Insurance important?Insurance companies conducting busi-ness in the EU must comply with the Solvency II regulations. Compliance with this legislation has presented a number of challenges to insurers. The solution will provide senior management with a greater understanding of risk and the financial condition of the company.For whom is SAS ® Risk Management for Insurance designed?The solution is designed for actuarial and investment analysts, risk analysts and managers, IT managers andsenior managers.SAS ® Risk Management for InsuranceA comprehensive solution for performing risk analysis and risk-based capital calculations for both life and P&C insurance companiesSAS ® Risk Management for Insur-ance is a comprehensive solution for performing risk analysis and risk-based capital calculation for insurers. Thesolution enables life and P&C insurance companies to implement the Solvency II standard model approach for calculat-ing risk-based capital and is built on a robust data management and reporting platform that includes an insurance-specific data model.The solution has as its foundation the SAS Business Analytics Framework, which enables insurers to extend the solution’s functionality to support the internal model approach for risk analy-sis, providing insurance companies with additional business benefit. SAS Risk Management for Insurance addresses these critical areas:• Comprehensive data management. Data integration typically accounts for up to 80 percent of a risk manage-ment project’s costs. An integrated risk data warehouse that can deliver consistent and accurate data is fun-damental for a successful risk solution implementation. • Risk analytics. Insurers must perform complex calculations to anticipate risks and initiate control measures to maintain solvency ratios that meet regulatory specifications.• Risk reporting. Standard and ad hoc reporting capabilities are critical for disseminating risk information to regu-lators for Solvency II compliance and senior management for improved risk decision making.Key BenefitsComply with Solvency II regulations • Calculate standard model MCR and SCR requirements. • Create regulatory and management reports required for Solvency II.Reduce volatility• Improve risk decision strategies by gaining a greater understanding of how economic factors affect your bal-ance sheet.• Ensure solvency by stress testing your assets and liabilities against sud-den and dramatic changes in market conditions.Gain a greater competitive advantage • Better allocation of risk-based capital charges enables you to lower your premium rates. • Enhanced credit ratings improve the availability and price of debt.• Obtain better investment performance by optimizing investment strategies. • Reallocate capital and risk capacity for current and future business oppor-tunities as needed.Perform more accurate risk analysis with an enterprise data warehouse• Comprehensive data management capabilities improve data quality by eliminating or reducing data inconsis-tencies.• An insurance-specific data modelserves as a single source of information.• Prebuilt data management capabilities enable the loading of data from the data model to the risk solutions.FACT SHEETLower your total cost of ownership• A single solution provides compre-hensive features – from data integra-tion to risk analysis to reporting.• The solution is flexible and extend-ible to meet the evolving risk analysis needs of insurance companies.• The solution provides flexible integra-tion with third-party risk software.Solution OverviewThe following modular applications comprise SAS Risk Management for Insurance:• SAS® Market Risk Management for Insurance.• SAS® Underwriting Risk Management for Life Insurance.• SAS® Underwriting Risk Management for P&C Insurance.• SAS® Firmwide Risk Management for Insurance.Each application includes an insurance-specific data model, prebuilt data man-agement capabilities, and risk analytical and reporting functionality. Risk Data ManagementSAS Risk Management for Insuranceincludes risk data management capabli-ties that enable insurers to acquire andconsolidate historical data from internaland external sources for risk analysisand reporting. The data warehouseprovides consistent and accurate datarelated to asset/liability exposures,claims, reinsurance arrangements, eco-nomic/actuarial risk factor assumptionsand product configuration.• Risk data warehouse. SAS DetailData Store for insurance serves as asingle source of all the information forcreating a risk data warehouse.• Advanced data quality. Data qualitytools provide the ability to eliminate orreduce data inconsistencies.• Third-party integration. Supports inte-gration with third-party applications.• User security. Enables creation andamendment of user security for access,authentication and authorization.• Audit functionality. Enables creationand inquiry of automatic audit trails.Risk ReportingThe solution’s reporting capabilities andrisk dashboards ensure that informationis disseminated throughout the organi-zation quickly and efficiently.• Prebuilt risk reports. Includes stan-dard, prebuilt risk reports: asset andliability valuation reports; valuationassumption reports; capital adequacyand results of stress testing analysis.• Web reporting tools. Includes Webreporting tools for customized dash-boards and ad hoc reports.Solution ComponentsSAS Market Risk Managementfor InsuranceRegulations and best practices requireinsurers to report the true economicvalue of assets and liabilities, includingoff-balance-sheet items. SAS MarketRisk Management for Insurance allowsrisk analysts to configure and calculatemarket value of financial instrumentsand assets – e.g., bonds, equity, deriva-tives, swaps and property. In addition,the solution:• Supports a variety of financial instru-ments and property investments.• Provides a rich library of functions thathelp in the rapid development of meth-ods to value investment holdings.• Performs mark-to-market valuation ofall asset items.• Performs stress testing for risk fac-tors, such as interest rates, equity,currency rates and property rates.• Provides support for total economicbalance sheet approach.• Calculates and aggregates separaterisk capital charges for factors suchas interest rate risk, equity risk, cur-rency risk and property risk.An intuitive interface lets users easily configure insurance products and parametersfor risk analysis.SAS® Underwriting Risk Management Array for Life InsuranceThis component helps analysts blend actuarial and financial techniques to value complex life insurance liabilities. It supports the ability to configure valua-tion framework and project cash flows for a variety of individual life insurance products, including term, annuity, whole of life and endowment products.• Supports with and without profit life insurance products, as well as sepa-rate account life policies• Provides a rich library of functions that help speed the development of meth-ods to value life insurance liabilities.• Includes a user interface for perform-ing stress testing for the following risk factors: mortality, disability, longevity, lapse rates and expenses.• Calculates and aggregates separate risk capital charges for factors such as mortality risk, disability, longevity, expense risk and lapse risk.SAS® Underwriting Risk Managementfor P&C InsuranceThis component helps analysts blend actuarial and financial techniques to value P&C insurance liabilities on both an accident and underwriting year basis. • Includes a prebuilt framework for rapid development of new methods for estimating P&C loss reserves. • Calculates loss reserves using prebuilt techniques, including link ratio, chain ladder, Cape Cod and Bornhuetter-Ferguson.• Calculates and aggregates separaterisk capital charges, such as reserve/premium risk and catastrophe.SAS ® Firmwide Risk Management for InsuranceThis component aggregates risk across the enterprise and calculates the quanti-tative measures required for Solvency II. • Aggregation of risk capital charges across all risk modules.• Calculation of factor-based counter -party default risk capital and opera-tional risk capital. • Calculation of the Solvency Capital Required (SCR) and Minimum Capital Required (MCR).• Calculates available capital and solvency ratio.Technical Requirements Client Environment• BEA WebLogic Server – Solaris 64, Solaris 10 x64 HP-UX 11iv2 • IBM Websphere – Windows 32 bit (x86), WX6, Linux (64 bit) x64, Solaris on SPARC, Solaris 10 x64, AIX 5.5 powerchip • JBOSS – Windows 32 bit (x86),Windows Server 2003/2008 (64 bit), Linux (64 bit) x64Server EnvironmentAIX; HP IPF, HP-UX PA RISC; Linux 32 bit & 64 bit; Solaris on SPARC, Solaris x86; Windows 32 bit & 64 bitSAS Institute Inc. World Headquarters +1 919 677 8000T o contact your local SAS office, please visit: /officesSAS and all other SAS Institute Inc. product or service names are registered trademarks or trademarks of SAS Institute Inc. in the USA and other countries. ® indicates USA registration. Other brand and product names are trademarks of their respective companies. Copyright © 2010, SAS Institute Inc.All rights reserved. 104334_549363.0110OLAP capabilities let business users look at data from multiple views with increasinglevels of details.SAS Risk Management for Insurance includes standard, prebuilt risk reports.。