type of stainless steel
金属材料相关英语词汇(2)
金属材料相关英语词汇(2)金属材料相关英语词汇(2)金属材料相关英语词汇(2)base metal, application, jis astm standard, and normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet锌镀层质量zinc coating mass表面处理surface treatment冷轧钢片cold-rolled steel sheet/strip热轧钢片hot-rolled sheet/strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差thickness tolerance of electrolytic cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差thickness tolerance of hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差width tolerance of cold or hot-rolled sheet长度公差length tolerance理论质量theoretical mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度)mass calculation of coating (for equal coating)/mm锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度)mass calculation of coating (for differential coating)/mm镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) (日工标准jis g3303)简介general镀锡薄铁片的构造construction of electrolytic tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程production process of electrolytic tinplate锡层质量mass of tin coating (jis g3303-1987)两面均等锡层both side equally coated mass两面不均等锡层both side different thickness coated mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号grade, plating type, designation of coating mass common coatingmass镀层质量标记markings designations of differential coatings硬度hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁)single-reduced tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮)dual-reduction tinplate钢的种类type of steel表面处理surface finish常用尺寸commonly used size电器用硅[硅] 钢片electrical steel sheet简介general软磁材料soft magnetic material滞后回线narrow hystersis矫顽磁力coercive force硬磁材料hard magnetic material最大能量积maximum energy product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处the advantage of using silicon low carbon steel晶粒取向(grain-oriented)及非晶粒取向(non-oriented) grain oriented non-oriented电器用硅[硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格end usage and designations of electrical steel strip电器用的硅[硅] 钢片之分类classification of silicon steel sheet for electrical use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层performance of surface insulation of electrical steel sheets晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准international standard –grain-oriented electrical steel siliconsteel sheet for electrical use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片grain-oriented electrical steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数(日工标准及美材标准)magnetic properties and lamination factor of si-orient-coresi-orient-core-hi b electrical steel strip (jis and aisi standard)退火annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因annealing of the electrical steel sheet退火时注意事项annealing precautionary碳污染prevent carbon contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入heat from the laminated stacks edges提防过份氧化no excessive oxidation应力退火温度stress –relieving annealing temperature晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼(hi-b)定取向芯钢片及定取向芯钢片之机械性能及夹层系数mechanical properties and lamination factors of si-orient-core-hi-band si-orient-core grain orient electrical steel sheets晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢;片–高硼低硫(ls)定取向钢片之磁力及电力性能magnetic and electrical properties of si-orient-core-hi-b-ls 晶粒取向电器用硅[硅] 钢片–高硼低硫(ls) 定取向钢片之机械性能及夹层系数mechanical properties and lamination factors ofsi-orient-core-hi-b-ls晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片-高硼(hi-b)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(ls)定取向芯钢片之厚度及阔度公差physical tolerance of si-orient-core-hi-b, si-orient-core,si-core-hi-b-ls grainoriented electrical steel sheets晶粒取向电器用硅(硅)钢片–高硼(hi-b)定取向芯钢片，定取向芯钢片及高硼低硫(ls)定取向芯钢片之标准尺寸及包装standard forms and size of si-orient-core-hi-b,si-core,si-orient-core-hi-b-ls grain-oriented electrical steel sheets绝缘表面surface insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数lamination factors of electrical, magnetic mechanical non-grainoriented electrical电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘[低碳] 钢片coated (low carbon) steel sheets for casing,electricals homeappliances镀铝硅钢片aluminized silicon alloy steel sheet简介general镀铝硅合金钢片的特色feature of aluminized silicon alloy steel sheet用途end usages抗化学品能力chemical resistance镀铝(硅)钢片–日工标准(jis g3314)hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to jis g 3314镀铝(硅)钢片–美材试标准(astm a-463-77)35.7 jis g3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能mechanical properties of jis g 3314 hot-dip aluminum-coated sheetsand coils公差size tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel other kindsof steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程aluminum steel sheet, production flow chart焊接能力weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片)tips on welding of aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolledsteel strip钢板steel plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准type of steel plate related jis, astm and other major industrialstandards钢板生产流程production flow chart钢板订货需知ordering of steel plate不锈钢stainless steel不锈钢的定义definition of stainless steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性classification, corrosion resistant heat resistance of stainlesssteel铁铬系不锈钢片chrome stainless steel马氏体不锈钢martensite stainless steel低碳马氏体不锈钢low carbon martensite stainless steel含铁体不锈钢ferrite stainless steel镍铬系不锈钢nickel chrome stainless steel释出硬化不锈钢precipitation hardening stainless steel铁锰铝不锈钢fe / mn / al / stainless steel不锈钢的磁性magnetic property stainless steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类classification of foil, strip, sheet plate by thickness表面保护胶纸surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号designation of sus steel special use stainless表面处理surface finish薄卷片及薄片(0.3至2.9mm厚之片)机械性能mechanical properties of thin stainless steel(thickness from 0.3mmto 2.9mm) –strip/sheet不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, csp)mechanical properties of spring use stainless steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途stainless steel –type, industrial standard, chemical composition,characteristic end usage of the most commonly usedstainless steel不锈钢薄片用途例end usage of thinner gauge不锈钢片、板用途例examples of end usages of strip, sheet plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解general specification of tension annealed stainless steel strips耐热不锈钢heat-resistance stainless steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度heat-resistance stainless steel铬系耐热钢chrome heat resistance steel镍铬耐热钢ni - cr heat resistance steel超耐热钢special heat resistance steel抗热超级合金heat resistance super alloy耐热不锈钢比重表specific gravity of heat –resistance steel plates andsheetsstainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表stainless and heat-resisting steels发条片power spring strip发条的分类及材料power spring strip classification and materials上链发条wind-up spring倒后擦发条pull back power spring圆面("卜竹")发条convex spring strip拉尺发条measure tape魔术手环magic tape魔术手环尺寸图drawing of magic tap定型发条constant torque spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力spring force of constant torque spring and wing-up spring 定型发条的形状及翻动过程shape and spring back of constant torque spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号the formula and symbol of constant torque spring边缘处理edge finish硬度hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途high carbon tool steel, chemical composition and usage 每公斤发条的长度简易公式the length of 1 kg of spring steel stripsk-5 aisi-301 每公斤长的重量/公斤(阔100-200公厘) weight per one meter long(kg) (width 100-200mm)sk-5 aisi-301 每公斤之长度(阔100-200公厘) length per one kg (width100-200mm)sk-5 aisi-301 每公尺长的重量/公斤(阔2.0-10公厘)weight per one meter long (kg) (width 2.0-10mm)sk-5 aisi-301 每公斤之长度(阔2.0-10公厘)length per one kg (width 2.0-10mm)高碳钢片high carbon steel strip分类classification用组织结构分类classification according to grain structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢classification according to carbon contains金属材料相关英语词汇(2) 相关内容:。
iso5832-1第一部分 wrought stainless steel 锻造不锈钢.doc
第一部分Wrought stainless steel 锻造不锈钢1、范围ScopeISO5832这部分对用锻造不锈钢制造的外科植入物指定了相对应的特定的测试方法。
this part of iso5832 specifies the characteristics of,and corresponding test methods for,wrought stainless steel for use in the manufacture of surgical implants.提供最适宜的两种类型的不锈钢化学基础成分（见表1）Provision is made for two types of stainless steel based on chemical composition(see table 1)NOTE 1 用使用本标准材料加工的最终产品的试样的力学性能不必完全与本标准规定的指标相同。
NOTE 22、规范性引用文件normative references下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。
凡是注日提的引用文件，其随后的所有的修改修订版本均不适于本标准，但是，为了鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方的研究，凡是没有注明日期的引用文件，其最新版本均适用于本标准。
ISO 377 Steel and steel products-Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical testing.ISO 404……………………..3、化学成分chemical composition3.1 试验样本test samples用于分析的样品应符合ISO 377规定。
The selection of samples for analysis shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 377.3.2 铸造分析Cast analysis刚的化学成分应符合表1的规定。
STAINLESS STEEL(不锈钢)
STAINLESS STEEL（不锈钢）种类不锈钢常按组织状态分为：马氏体钢、铁素体钢、奥氏体钢等。
另外，可按成分分为：铬不锈钢、铬镍不锈钢和铬锰氮不锈钢等。
1、铁素体不锈钢：含铬12％～30％。
其耐蚀性、韧性和可焊性随含铬量的增加而提高，耐氯化物应力腐蚀性能优于其他种类不锈钢。
属于这一类的有Crl7、Cr17Mo2Ti、Cr25，Cr25Mo3Ti、Cr28等。
铁素体不锈钢因为含铬量高，耐腐蚀性能与抗氧化性能均比较好，但机械性能与工艺性能较差，多用于受力不大的耐酸结构及作抗氧化钢使用。
这类钢能抵抗大气、硝酸及盐水溶液的腐蚀，并具有高温抗氧化性能好、热膨胀系数小等特点，用于硝酸及食品工厂设备，也可制作在高温下工作的零件，如燃气轮机零件等。
2、奥氏体不锈钢：含铬大于18％，还含有 8％左右的镍及少量钼、钛、氮等元素。
综合性能好，可耐多种介质腐蚀。
奥氏体不锈钢的常用牌号有1Cr18Ni9、0Cr19Ni9等。
0Cr19Ni9钢的wC＜0.08%，钢号中标记为“0”。
这类钢中含有大量的Ni和Cr，使钢在室温下呈奥氏体状态。
这类钢具有良好的塑性、韧性、焊接性和耐蚀性能，在氧化性和还原性介质中耐蚀性均较好，用来制作耐酸设备，如耐蚀容器及设备衬里、输送管道、耐硝酸的设备零件等。
奥氏体不锈钢一般采用固溶处理，即将钢加热至1050～1150℃，然后水冷，以获得单相奥氏体组织。
3、奥氏体 - 铁素体双相不锈钢：兼有奥氏体和铁素体不锈钢的优点，并具有超塑性。
奥氏体和铁素体组织各约占一半的不锈钢。
在含C较低的情况下，Cr含量在18%~28%，Ni含量在3%~10%。
有些钢还含有Mo、Cu、Si、Nb、Ti，N等合金元素。
该类钢兼有奥氏体和铁素体不锈钢的特点，与铁素体相比，塑性、韧性更高，无室温脆性，耐晶间腐蚀性能和焊接性能均显著提高，同时还保持有铁素体不锈钢的475℃脆性以及导热系数高，具有超塑性等特点。
与奥氏体不锈钢相比，强度高且耐晶间腐蚀和耐氯化物应力腐蚀有明显提高。
不锈钢等级说明
In metallurgy, stainless steel is defined as a steel alloy with a minimum of 10% chromium content by mass.[1] Stainless steel does not stain, corrode, or rust as easily as ordinary steel (it stains less), but it is not stain-proof.[2] It is also called corrosion-resistant steel or CRES when the alloy type and grade are not detailed, particularly in the aviation industry. There are different grades and surface finishes of stainless steel to suit the environment to which the material will be subjected in its lifetime. Common uses of stainless steel are cutlery and watch straps.Stainless steel differs from carbon steel by amount of chromium present. Carbon steel rusts when exposed to air and moisture. This iron oxide film is active and accelerates corrosion by forming more iron oxide. Stainless steels have sufficient amount of chromium present so that a passive film of chromium oxide forms which prevents further corrosion.Contents [hide]1 History2 Properties3 Applications3.1 Uses in sculpture, building facades and building structures4 Recycling & reuse5 Types of stainless steel5.1 Comparison of standardized steels5.2 Stainless steel grades6 Stainless steel finishes7 See also8 References8.1 Notes8.2 Bibliography9 External links[edit] HistoryAn announcement, as it appeared in the 1915 New York Times, of the discovery of stainless steel.[3]A few corrosion-resistant iron artifacts survive from antiquity. A famous (and very large) example is the Iron Pillar of Delhi, erected by order of Kumara Gupta I around the year AD 400. Unlike stainless steel, however, these artifacts owe their durability not to chromium, but to their high phosphorus content, which, together with favorable local weather conditions, promotes the formation of a solid protective passivation layer of iron oxides and phosphates, rather than the non-protective, cracked rust layer that develops on most ironwork.The corrosion resistance of iron-chromium alloys was first recognized in 1821 by the French metallurgist Pierre Berthier, who noted their resistance against attack by someacids and suggested their use in cutlery. Metallurgists of the 19th century, however, were unable to produce the combination of low carbon and high chromium found in most modern stainless steels, and the high-chromium alloys they could produce were too brittle to be practical.In the late 1890s, Hans Goldschmidt of Germany developed an aluminothermic (thermite) process for producing carbon-free chromium. In the years 1904–1911 several researchers, particularly Leon Guillet of France, prepared alloys that would today be considered stainless steel.Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft built the 366-ton sailing yacht Germania featuring a chrome-nickel steel hull in Germany in 1908.[4] In 1911, Philip Monnartz reported on the relationship between the chromium content and corrosion resistance. On October 17, 1912, Krupp engineers Benno Strauss and Eduard Maurer patented austenitic stainless steel.[5]Similar developments were taking place contemporaneously in the United States, where Christian Dantsizen and Frederick Becket were industrializing ferritic stainless.Harry Brearley of the Brown-Firth research laboratory in Sheffield, England is commonly credited as the inventor of stainless steel. In 1913, while seeking an erosion-resistant alloy for gun barrels, he discovered and subsequently industrialized a martensitic stainless steel alloy. The discovery was announced two years later in a January 1915 newspaper article in The New York Times.[3] This was later marketed under the "Staybrite" brand by Firth Vickers in England and was used for the new entrance canopy for the Savoy Hotel in 1929 in London.[6][edit] PropertiesHigh oxidation-resistance in air at ambient temperature are normally achieved with additions of a minimum of 13% (by weight) chromium, and up to 26% is used for harsh environments.[7] The chromium forms a passivation layer of chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3) when exposed to oxygen. The layer is too thin to be visible, and the metal remains lustrous. It is impervious to water and air, protecting the metal beneath. Also, this layer quickly reforms when the surface is scratched. This phenomenon is called passivation and is seen in other metals, such as aluminium and titanium. When stainless steel parts such as nuts and bolts are forced together, the oxide layer can be scraped off causing the parts to weld together. When disassembled, the welded material may be torn and pitted, an effect that is known as galling. This destructive galling can be best avoided by the use of dissimilar materials, e.g. bronze to stainless steel, or even different types of stainless steels (martensitic against austenitic, etc.), when metal-to-metal wear is a concern. In addition, Nitronic alloys (trademark of Armco, Inc.) reduce the tendency to gall through selective alloying with manganese and nitrogen.Nickel also contributes to passivation, as do other less commonly used ingredients such as molybdenum and vanadium.[edit] ApplicationsThe pinnacle of New York's Chrysler Building is clad with type 302 stainless steel.[8]An art deco sculpture on the Niagara-Mohawk Power building in Syracuse, New YorkPipes and fittings made of stainless steelStainless steel’s resistance to corrosion and staining, low maintenanc e, relatively low cost, and familiar luster make it an ideal base material for a host of commercial applications. There are over 150 grades of stainless steel, of which fifteen are most common. The alloy is milled into coils, sheets, plates, bars, wire, and tubing to be used in cookware, cutlery, hardware, surgical instruments, major appliances, industrial equipment, and as an automotive and aerospace structural alloy and construction material in large buildings. Orange juice and other food transport and storage tankers are often made of stainless steel, due to its corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties. This also influences its use in commercial catering kitchens and food processing plants, as it can be steam cleaned, sterilized, and does not need painting or application of other surface finishes.Stainless steel is also used for jewellery and watches. The most common stainless steel alloy used for this is 316L. It can be re-finished by any jeweller and will not oxidize or turn black. Not all manufacturers use this type; Rolex for instance use type 904L for their stainless steel watches.[9][edit] Uses in sculpture, building facades and building structuresStainless steel was in vogue during the art deco period. The most famous example of this is the upper portion of the Chrysler Building (illustrated to the right). Diners and fast food restaurants feature large ornamental panels, stainless fixtures and furniture. Owing to the durability of the material, many of these buildings retain their original appearance.The forging of stainless steel has given rise to a fresh approach to architectural blacksmithing in recent years.The Gateway Arch (picture above) is clad entirely in stainless steel: 886 tons (804 metric tonnes) of 0.25 in (6.4 mm) plate, #3 finish, type 304 stainless steel.[1]Type 316 stainless is used on the exterior of both the Petronas Twin Towers and the Jin Mao Building, two of the world's tallest skyscrapers. [2]The Parliament House of Australia in Canberra has a stainless steel flagpole weighing over 220 tons.The aeration building in the Edmonton Composting Facility, the size of 14 hockey rinks, is the largest stainless steel building in North America. [3]The United States Air Force Memorial has an austenitic stainless steel structural skin.[edit] Recycling & reuseStainless steel is 100% recyclable. In fact, an average stainless steel object is composed of about 60% recycled material, 25% originating from end-of-life products and 35% coming from manufacturing processes.[10][edit] Types of stainless steelThere are different types of stainless steels: when nickel is added, for instance, the austenite structure of iron is stabilized. This crystal structure makes such steels non-magnetic and less brittle at low temperatures. For greater hardness and strength, carbon is added. When subjected to adequate heat treatment, these steels are used as razor blades, cutlery, tools, etc.Significant quantities of manganese have been used in many stainless steel compositions. Manganese preserves an austenitic structure in the steel as does nickel, but at a lower cost.Stainless steels are also classified by their crystalline structure:Austenitic, or 300 series, stainless steels comprise over 70% of total stainless steel production. They contain a maximum of 0.15% carbon, a minimum of 16% chromium and sufficient nickel and/or manganese to retain an austenitic structure at all temperatures from the cryogenic region to the melting point of the alloy. A typical composition of 18% chromium and 10% nickel, commonly known as 18/10 stainless, is often used in flatware. Similarly, 18/0 and 18/8 are also available. Superaustenitic stainless steels, such as alloy AL-6XN and 254SMO, exhibit great resistance to chloride pitting and crevice corrosion due to high molybdenum content (>6%) and nitrogen additions, and the higher nickel content ensures better resistance to stress-corrosion cracking versus the 300 series. The higher alloy content of superaustenitic steels makes them more expensive. Other steels can offer similar performance at lower cost and are preferred in certain applications.[citation needed]The low carbon version of the Austenitic Stainless Steel, for example 316L or 304L, are used to avoid corrosion problem caused by welding. The "L" means that the carbon content of the Stainless Steel is below 0.03%, this will reduce the sensitization effect, precipitation of Chromium Carbides, due to the high temperature produced by welding operation.Ferritic stainless steels are highly corrosion-resistant, but less durable than austenitic grades. They contain between 10.5% and 27% chromium and very little nickel, if any, but some types can contain lead. Most compositions include molybdenum; some, aluminium or titanium. Common ferritic grades include 18Cr-2Mo, 26Cr-1Mo, 29Cr-4Mo, and 29Cr-4Mo-2Ni.Martensitic stainless steels are not as corrosion-resistant as the other two classes but areextremely strong and tough, as well as highly machineable, and can be hardened by heat treatment. Martensitic stainless steel contains chromium (12-14%), molybdenum (0.2-1%), nickel (0-<2%), and carbon (about 0.1-1%) (giving it more hardness but making the material a bit more brittle). It is quenched and magnetic.Precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steels have corrosion resistance comparable to austenitic varieties, but can be precipitation hardened to even higher strengths than the other martensitic grades. The most common, 17-4PH, uses about 17% chromium and 4% nickel. There is a rising trend in defense budgets to opt for an ultra-high-strength stainless steel when possible in new projects, as it is estimated that 2% of the US GDP is spent dealing with corrosion. The Lockheed-Martin Joint Strike Fighter is the first aircraft to use a precipitation-hardenable stainless steel—Carpenter Custom 465—in its airframe. Duplex stainless steels have a mixed microstructure of austenite and ferrite, the aim being to produce a 50/50 mix, although in commercial alloys, the mix may be 40/60 respectively. Duplex steels have improved strength over austenitic stainless steels and also improved resistance to localised corrosion, particularly pitting, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. They are characterised by high chromium (19–28%) and molybdenum (up to 5%) and lower nickel contents than austenitic stainless steels. The most used Duplex Stainless Steel are the 2205 (22% Chromium, 5% Nickel) and 2507 (25% Chromium, 7% Nickel) sometimes the 2507 is also called "SuperDuplex" due to the higher Corrosion resistance.[edit] Comparison of standardized steelsEN-standardSteel no. k.h.s DINEN-standardSteel nameSAE grade UNS440A S440021.4112 440B S440031.4125 440C S44004440F S440201.4016 X6Cr17 430 S430001.4512 X6CrTi12 409 S40900410 S410001.4310 X10CrNi18-8 301 S301001.4318 X2CrNiN18-7 301LN N/A1.4307 X2CrNi18-9 304L S304031.4306 X2CrNi19-11 304L S304031.4311 X2CrNiN18-10 304LN S304531.4301 X5CrNi18-10 304 S304001.4948 X6CrNi18-11 304H S304091.4303 X5CrNi18 12 305 S305001.4541 X6CrNiTi18-10 321 S321001.4878 X12CrNiTi18-9 321H S321091.4404 X2CrNiMo17-12-2 316L S316031.4401 X5CrNiMo17-12-2 316 S316001.4406 X2CrNiMoN17-12-2 316LN S316531.4432 X2CrNiMo17-12-3 316L S316031.4435 X2CrNiMo18-14-3 316L S316031.4436 X3CrNiMo17-13-3 316 S316001.4571 X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 316Ti S316351.4429 X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 316LN S316531.4438 X2CrNiMo18-15-4 317L S317031.4539 X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 904L N089041.4547 X1CrNiMoCuN20-18-7 N/A S31254[edit] Stainless steel grades100 Series—austenitic chromium-nickel-manganese alloysType 101—austenitic that is hardenable through cold working for furnitureType 102—austenitic general purpose stainless steel working for furniture200 Series—austenitic chromium-nickel-manganese alloysType 201—austenitic that is hardenable through cold workingType 202—austenitic general purpose stainless steel300 Series—austenitic chromium-nickel alloysType 301—highly ductile, for formed products. Also hardens rapidly during mechanical working. Good weldability. Better wear resistance and fatigue strength than 304.Type 302—same corrosion resistance as 304, with slightly higher strength due to additional carbon.Type 303—free machining version of 304 via addition of sulfur and phosphorus. Also referred to as "A1" in accordance with ISO 3506.[11]Type 304—the most common grade; the classic 18/8 stainless steel. Also referred to as "A2" in accordance with ISO 3506.[11]Type 304L— same as the 304 grade but contains less carbon to increase weldability. Is slightly weaker than 304.Type 304LN—same as 304L, but also nitrogen is added to obtain a much higher yield and tensile strength than 304L.Type 308—used as the filler metal when welding 304Type 309—better temperature resistance than 304, also sometimes used as filler metal when welding dissimilar steels, along with inconel.Type 316—the second most common grade (after 304); for food and surgical stainless steel uses; alloy addition of molybdenum prevents specific forms of corrosion. It is also known as marine grade stainless steel due to its increased resistance to chloride corrosion compared to type 304. 316 is often used for building nuclear reprocessing plants. 316L is an extra low carbon grade of 316, generally used in stainless steel watches and marine applications due to its high resistance to corrosion. Also referred to as "A4" in accordance with ISO 3506.[11] 316Ti includes titanium for heat resistance, therefore it is used in flexible chimney liners.Type 321—similar to 304 but lower risk of weld decay due to addition of titanium. See also 347 with addition of niobium for desensitization during welding.400 Series—ferritic and martensitic chromium alloysType 405— ferritic for welding applicationsType 408—heat-resistant; poor corrosion resistance; 11% chromium, 8% nickel.Type 409—cheapest type; used for automobile exhausts; ferritic (iron/chromium only). Type 410—martensitic (high-strength iron/chromium). Wear-resistant, but less corrosion-resistant.Type 416—easy to machine due to additional sulfurType 420—Cutlery Grade martensitic; similar to the Brearley's original rustless steel. Excellent polishability.Type 430—decorative, e.g., for automotive trim; ferritic. Good formability, but with reduced temperature and corrosion resistance.Type 439—ferritic grade, a higher grade version of 409 used for catalytic converter exhaust sections. Increased chromium for improved high temperature corrosion/oxidation resistance.Type 440—a higher grade of cutlery steel, with more carbon, allowing for much better edge retention when properly heat-treated. It can be hardened to approximately Rockwell 58 hardness, making it one of the hardest stainless steels. Due to its toughness and relatively low cost, most display-only and replica swords or knives are made of 440 stainless. Also known as razor blade steel. Available in four grades: 440A, 440B, 440C, and the uncommon 440F (free machinable). 440A, having the least amount of carbon in it, is the most stain-resistant; 440C, having the most, is the strongest and is usually considered more desirable in knifemaking than 440A, except for diving or other salt-water applications.Type 446—For elevated temperature service500 Series—heat-resisting chromium alloys600 Series—martensitic precipitation hardening alloys601 through 604: Martensitic low-alloy steels.610 through 613: Martensitic secondary hardening steels.614 through 619: Martensitic chromium steels.630 through 635: Semiaustenitic and martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steels. Type 630 is most common PH stainless, better known as 17-4; 17% chromium, 4% nickel. 650 through 653: Austenitic steels strengthened by hot/cold work.660 through 665: Austenitic superalloys; all grades except alloy 661 are strengthened by second-phase precipitation.Type 2205— the most widely used duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steel grade. It has both excellent corrosion resistance and high strength.Stainless steel designations[12] SAE designation UNS designation % Cr % Ni % C % Mn % Si % P % S % N OtherAustenitic201 S20100 16–18 3.5–5.5 0.15 5.5–7.5 0.75 0.06 0.03 0.25 -202 S20200 17–19 4–6 0.15 7.5–10.0 0.75 0.06 0.03 0.25 -205 S20500 16.5–18 1–1.75 0.12–0.25 14–15.5 0.75 0.06 0.03 0.32–0.40 -301 S30100 16–18 6–8 0.15 2 0.75 0.045 0.03 - -302 S30200 17–19 8–10 0.15 2 0.75 0.045 0.03 0.1 -302B S30215 17–19 8–10 0.15 2 2.0–3.0 0.045 0.03 - -303 S30300 17–19 8–10 0.15 2 1 0.2 0.15 min - Mo 0.60 (optional)303Se S30323 17–19 8–10 0.15 2 1 0.2 0.06 - 0.15 Se min304 S30400 18–20 8–10.50 0.08 2 0.75 0.045 0.03 0.1 -304L S30403 18–20 8–12 0.03 2 0.75 0.045 0.03 0.1 -304Cu S30430 17–19 8–10 0.08 2 0.75 0.045 0.03 - 3–4 Cu304N S30451 18–20 8–10.50 0.08 2 0.75 0.045 0.03 0.10–0.16 -305 S30500 17–19 10.50–13 0.12 2 0.75 0.045 0.03 - -308 S30800 19–21 10–12 0.08 2 1 0.045 0.03 - -309 S30900 22–24 12–15 0.2 2 1 0.045 0.03 - -309S S30908 22–24 12–15 0.08 2 1 0.045 0.03 - -310 S31000 24–26 19–22 0.25 2 1.5 0.045 0.03 - -310S S31008 24–26 19–22 0.08 2 1.5 0.045 0.03 - -314 S31400 23–26 19–22 0.25 2 1.5–3.0 0.045 0.03 - -316 S31600 16–18 10–14 0.08 2 0.75 0.045 0.03 0.10 2.0–3.0 Mo316L S31603 16–18 10–14 0.03 2 0.75 0.045 0.03 0.10 2.0–3.0 Mo316F S31620 16–18 10–14 0.08 2 1 0.2 0.10 min - 1.75–2.50 Mo316N S31651 16–18 10–14 0.08 2 0.75 0.045 0.03 0.10–0.16 2.0–3.0 Mo317 S31700 18–20 11–15 0.08 2 0.75 0.045 0.03 0.10 max 3.0–4.0 Mo317L S31703 18–20 11–15 0.03 2 0.75 0.045 0.03 0.10 max 3.0–4.0 Mo321 S32100 17–19 9–12 0.08 2 0.75 0.045 0.03 0.10 max Ti 5(C+N) min, 0.70 max329 S32900 23–28 2.5–5 0.08 2 0.75 0.04 0.03 - 1–2 Mo330 N08330 17–20 34–37 0.08 2 0.75–1.50 0.04 0.03 - -347 S34700 17–19 9–13 0.08 2 0.75 0.045 0.030 - Nb + Ta, 10 x C min, 1 max348 S34800 17–19 9–13 0.08 2 0.75 0.045 0.030 - Nb + T a, 10 x C min, 1 max, but 0.10 Ta max; 0.20 Ca384 S38400 15–17 17–19 0.08 2 1 0.045 0.03 - -Ferritic405 S40500 11.5–14.5 - 0.08 1 1 0.04 0.03 - 0.1–0.3 Al, 0.60 max409 S40900 10.5–11.75 0.05 0.08 1 1 0.045 0.03 - Ti 6 x C, but 0.75 max429 S42900 14–16 0.75 0.12 1 1 0.04 0.03 - -430 S43000 16–18 0.75 0.12 1 1 0.04 0.03 - -430F S43020 16–18 - 0.12 1.25 1 0.06 0.15 min - 0.60 Mo (optional)430FSe S43023 16–18 - 0.12 1.25 1 0.06 0.06 - 0.15 Se min434 S43400 16–18 - 0.12 1 1 0.04 0.03 - 0.75–1.25 Mo436 S43600 16–18 - 0.12 1 1 0.04 0.03 - 0.75–1.25 Mo; Nb+Ta 5 x C min, 0.70 max442 S44200 18–23 - 0.2 1 1 0.04 0.03 - -446 S44600 23–27 0.25 0.2 1.5 1 0.04 0.03 - -Martensitic403 S40300 11.5–13.0 0.60 0.15 1 0.5 0.04 0.03 - -410 S41000 11.5–13.5 0.75 0.15 1 1 0.04 0.03 - -414 S41400 11.5–13.5 1.25–2.50 0.15 1 1 0.04 0.03 - -416 S41600 12–14 - 0.15 1.25 1 0.06 0.15 min - 0.060 Mo (optional)416Se S41623 12–14 - 0.15 1.25 1 0.06 0.06 - 0.15 Se min420 S42000 12–14 - 0.15 min 1 1 0.04 0.03 - -420F S42020 12–14 - 0.15 min 1.25 1 0.06 0.15 min - 0.60 Mo max (optional)422 S42200 11.0–12.5 0.50–1.0 0.20–0.25 0.5–1.0 0.5 0.025 0.025 - 0.90–1.25 Mo;0.20–0.30 V; 0.90–1.25 W431 S41623 15–17 1.25–2.50 0.2 1 1 0.04 0.03 - -440A S44002 16–18 - 0.60–0.75 1 1 0.04 0.03 - 0.75 Mo440B S44003 16–18 - 0.75–0.95 1 1 0.04 0.03 - 0.75 Mo440C S44004 16–18 - 0.95–1.20 1 1 0.04 0.03 - 0.75 MoHeat resisting501 S50100 4–6 - 0.10 min 1 1 0.04 0.03 - 0.40–0.65 Mo502 S50200 4–6 - 0.1 1 1 0.04 0.03 - 0.40–0.65 Mo[edit] Stainless steel finishes316L stainless steel, with an unpolished, mill finish.Standard mill finishes can be applied to flat rolled stainless steel directly by the rollers and by mechanical abrasives. Steel is first rolled to size and thickness and then annealed to change the properties of the final material. Any oxidation that forms on the surface (scale) is removed by pickling, and the passivation layer is created on the surface. A final finish can then be applied to achieve the desired aesthetic appearance.No. 0 - Hot rolled, annealed, thicker platesNo. 1 - Hot rolled, annealed and passivatedNo. 2D - Cold rolled, annealed, pickled and passivatedNo. 2B - Same as above with additional pass-through highly polished rollersNo. 2BA - Bright annealed (BA or 2R) same as above then Bright annealed under Oxygen-free atmospheric conditionsNo. 3 - Coarse abrasive finish applied mechanicallyNo. 4 - Brushed finishNo. 5 - Satin finishNo. 6 - Matte finishNo. 7 - Reflective finishNo. 8 - Mirror finishNo. 9 - Bead blast finishNo. 10 - heat colored finish-wide range of electropolished & heat colored surfaces[edit] See alsoArchitectural steelArgon oxygen decarburizationBudd Company – Historically notable user of stainless steelEdmonton Composting FacilitySAE steel grades Surface finishing。
stainless steel 翻译
stainless steel 翻译stainless steel是一种耐腐蚀的合金材料，由铁、铬、镍和其他合金元素组成。
它的特点是具有很高的抗腐蚀性能、耐高温性、耐磨性和机械强度。
由于这些优点，不锈钢广泛应用于各种工业领域和日常生活中。
以下是一些常见的不锈钢用法和中英文对照例句：1. 不锈钢厨具 - stainless steel kitchenwareExample: I prefer using stainless steel kitchenware because it is durable and easy to clean. (我更喜欢使用不锈钢厨具，因为它耐用且容易清洁。
)2. 不锈钢水槽 - stainless steel sinkExample: The stainless steel sink in my kitchen is resistant to stains and scratches. (我厨房里的不锈钢水槽不易沾污和刮花。
)3. 不锈钢管道 - stainless steel pipesExample: The industrial plant uses stainless steel pipes for their chemical resistance and durability. (工业厂房使用不锈钢管道，具有耐化学性和耐用性。
)4. 不锈钢手表 - stainless steel watchExample: He bought a new stainless steel watch that is bothstylish and resistant to corrosion. (他买了一只新的不锈钢手表，既时尚又耐腐蚀。
)5. 不锈钢建筑结构 - stainless steel architectural structuresExample: The modern skyscraper is constructed with stainless steel architectural structures for their strength and aesthetic appeal. (现代摩天大楼采用不锈钢建筑结构，以其强度和美观吸引人。
stainless steel 翻译
stainless steel 翻译stainless steel是不锈钢的英文表达。
不锈钢是一种合金材料，由铁、铬、镍和其他元素组成。
它具有耐腐蚀、抗氧化和耐高温的特性，因此在许多领域得到广泛应用。
不锈钢的主要用途包括以下几个方面：1. 建筑和装饰：不锈钢在建筑和装饰领域中常用于制作门窗、栏杆、楼梯扶手等。
它的亮丽表面和耐候性使其成为室内外装饰的理想选择。
例句：The staircase railing in the modern building is made of stainless steel.（现代建筑中的楼梯扶手是由不锈钢制成的。
）2. 厨房用具：不锈钢是制作厨房用具的常见材料，如锅、刀具、炉灶等。
由于其耐腐蚀性和易清洁的特点，不锈钢厨具广受欢迎。
例句：She cooked dinner using a stainless steel frying pan.（她使用不锈钢煎锅烹饪晚餐。
）3. 医疗器械：不锈钢在医疗领域中被广泛应用于制作手术器械、手术台、器械搁架等。
其无菌性和耐腐蚀性使其成为医疗器械的理想选择。
例句：The doctor used a stainless steel scalpel for the surgery.（医生在手术中使用了不锈钢手术刀。
）4. 汽车制造：不锈钢在汽车制造中被用于制作排气管、车身零部件、内饰等。
其强度和耐腐蚀性能能够满足汽车的要求。
例句：The exhaust system of the car is made of stainless steel.（汽车的排气系统是由不锈钢制成的。
）不锈钢作为一种多功能材料，在各个领域都有广泛的应用。
无论是在建筑、厨房、医疗还是汽车制造等行业，不锈钢都展现出其独特的优势和价值。
不锈钢钝化passivation
METAL FINISHING SOLUTIONS BEYOND THE SURFACE PASSIVATION OF STAINLESS STEELPassivation of Stainless SteelGetting the Properties You've Paid Forby Dan Englebert, Vice President Technical ServicesImagineering Enterprises, Inc.The conversation usually starts out something like this:“Hey, this is Joe from Joe's Machine Shop.We've got a job in here we're working on and the customer wants us to have some kinda passivate coating something-or-other.Y ou guys do that? How thick is that stuff? Is that like some kinda plating or paint or something? What color is it? How much tolerance should I allow for it?”Usually, the opening statement ends with a phrase like, “I don't even know why they need it.What's the point of using stainless steel if your gonna put some kinda coating on it anyway?”The fact of the matter is, “Joe”is not the exception.Many machine shops, purchasing agents, and engineers alike are somewhat in the dark when it comes to the relationship between corrosion resistant (stainless) steel and chemical passivation.Even among the metal finishing community, there is some disagreement about the theory behind the process of chemical passivation.Some believe it is effective because it is a cleaning process.Others credit the enhanced corrosion resistant properties to the thin, transparent oxide film resulting from chemical passivation.Regardless of the argu-ment, the bottom line is, it works! Verification tests, including copper sulfate immersion, and accelerated corrosion tests, such as salt spray, high humidity, and water immersion, undisputedly confirm the effectiveness of chemical passivation.Advanced material engi-neers in aerospace, electronics, medical, and similar high-tech industries have utilized chemical passivation for many years.Their applications demand the maximum perform-ance from components manufactured from corrosion resistant (stainless) steels, and they realize that passivation is one of the most effective methods of achieving the desired results.What is Passivation?According to ASTM A 380, passivation is “the removal of exogenous iron or iron com-pounds from the surface of a stainless steel by means of a chemical dissolution, most typically by a treatment with an acid solution that will remove the surface contamination but will not significantly affect the stainless steel itself.”In addition, it also describes pas-sivation as “the chemical treatment of a stainless steel with a mild oxidant, such as a nitric acid solution, for the purpose of enhancing the spontaneous formation of the pro-tective passive film.”In layman's terms, the passivation process removes “free iron”contamination left behind on the surface of the stainless steel as a result of machining and fabricating processes. These contaminants are potential corrosion sites which, if not removed, result in prema-ture corrosion and ultimately result in deterioration of the component.In addition, thepassivation process facilitates the formation of a very thin, transparent oxide film, which protects the stainless steel from “selective”oxidation (corrosion).So what is passivation?Is it cleaning? Is it a protective coating? In my opinion, it is a combination of both!How is the Passivation Process Performed?The process typically begins with a thorough cleaning cycle.It is intended to remove oils, greases, forming compounds, lubricants, coolants, cutting fluids, and other undesirable organic and metallic residue left behind as a result of fabrication and machining processes.General degreasing and cleaning can be accomplished by a variety of com-monly accepted methods, including vapor degreasing, solvent cleaning, and alkaline soaking.After removal of the organic and metallicresidues, the parts are placed into theappropriate passivation solution.Althoughthere are many variations of passivatingsolutions, the overwhelming choice is stillthe nitric acid based solutions.Recently,there has been substantial research per-formed to develop alternative processesand solutions that are more “environmen-tally friendly,”yet equally effective.Althoughalternative solutions containing citric acidand other types of proprietary chemistryare available, they have not been aswidely accepted commercially as nitricacid based solutions.The three major variables that must be considered and controlled for the passivation process selection are time, temperature, and concentration.T ypical immersion times are between 20 minutes and 2 hours.T ypical bath temperatures range between room temperature and 160°F .Nitric acid concentrations in the 20% to 50% by volume range are generally specified.Many specifications include the use of sodium dichromate in the passivation solution, or as a post passivation rinse, to aid in the formation of a chromic oxide film.Careful solution control, including water purity, ppm (parts per million) of metallic impurities, and chemical maintenance, is crucial for success.The type of stainless steel being processed is the determining factor when selecting the most effective passivation process.Bath selection (time, temperature, and concen-tration) are all a function of the type of alloy being processed.A thorough knowledge of the material types and passivation processes is paramount to achieving the desired results.Conversely, improper bath and process selection and/or process control will produce unacceptable results, and in extreme cases, can lead to catastrophic failure,including extreme pitting, etching and/or totaldissolution of the entire component.TWO-HOUR salt spray test per ASTM B-117.With passivation on the left and without on the right.Equipment and PrecautionsPassivation should only be performed by trained, experienced technicians familiar with the potential hazards associated with the science.Safety practices must be fully under-stood when handling passivation chemicals.Special boots, gloves, aprons and other safety equipment must be utilized.T anks, heaters and ventilation, as well as baskets and racks, must be appropriately engineered to perform the process.Iron or steel parts or equipment must never be introduced to the process, or the results can be devastat-ing! Furthermore, in order to comply with EPA requirements, the necessary water and air permits and treatment capabilities must be in place.The days of the “mom-and-pop”shops performing passivation in a stone crock in the back corner of the shop are dimin-ishing, due to safety and environmental concerns.Specifications and Verification TestingThere are a few generally accepted industry specifications available for reference when choosing a passivation process.They offer time, temperature, and concentration infor-mation, and subsequent testing requirements to validate the effectiveness of the process. Many large corporations have developed internal specifications to control their unique requirements regarding passivation and verification testing.Regardless of the situation, it is usually prudent to reference a proven procedure when requesting passivation.By referencing a specification, you don't have to “reinvent the wheel,”and by taking advan-tage of the past experiences of others, both successes and failures, you can eliminate much of the guesswork that would otherwise accompany a new process.Although recently cancelled, the most commonly referenced industry specifications regarding passivation are Fed.Spec.QQ-P-35C, which is now superseded by ASTM A-967, and ASTM A-380.All three are well written, well defined documents which pro-vide guidance on the entire process, from manufacturing to final testing requirements.If you're not sure what you need, they can be referenced in full, or selectively.The testing requirements can be utilized or waived, depending upon the individual situation.One of the most commonly specified verification tests is the copper sulfate test. Passivated parts are immersed in a copper sulfate solution for 6 minutes, rinsed, and visually examined.Any copper (pink) color indicates the presence of free iron, and the test is considered unacceptable.Other validation tests include a 2 hour Salt Spray or24 hour high-humidity test.These tests are performed by placing passivated parts ina highly controlled chamber which creates an accelerated corrosive environment.After subjecting the test pieces to the corrosive atmosphere for the prescribed exposure periods, the parts are removed and evaluated.Although results can be somewhat subjective, ASTM B-117 is an excellent reference in determining acceptability.It is important to note that each of the test methods mentioned have different advantages and limitations.Care should be taken to select the appropriate test methods, based on alloy type and end use environment.Machining and Heat Treating TechniquesPerhaps the most overlooked variable in the entire passivation equation is the negative impact of poor machining and heat treating practices.All too often, gross contamination introduced during manufacturing and/or thermal processes leads to unacceptable test results.The following practices will reduce gross contamination during manufacturing and increase the chances of successful passivation and test results:* Never use grinding wheels, sanding materials, or wire brushes made of iron, iron oxide, steel, zinc, or other undesirable materials that may cause contamination of the stainless steel surface.* The use of carbide or other non-metallic tooling is recommended whenever possible.* Grinding wheels, sanding wheels, and wire brushes that have been previously used on other metals should not be used on stainless steel.* Use only clean, unused abrasives such as glass beads or iron-free silica or alumi-na sand for abrasive blasting.Never use steel shot or grit, or abrasives which have been used to blast other materials.* Thorough cleaning prior to any thermal processing is critical! Stress relieving,annealing, drawing, or other hot-forming processes can actually draw surface contami-nants deeper into the substrate, making them almost impossible to remove during pas-sivation.* Care should be taken during all thermal processes to avoid the formation of discol-oration (oxides).Passivation is not designed to remove discoloration, and will not pene-trate heavy oxide layers.In extreme situations, additional pickling and descaling opera-tions are required prior to passivation to remove the discoloration.Controlled atmosphere ovens are highly recommended for all thermal processes to reduce airborne contamination and prevent oxides from developing.So how does this happen?Stainless steel parts are supposed to berust-resistant.ConclusionsSo how do you get “the performance you'vepaid for”from high-dollar stainless steelalloys? It really boils down to a basic under-standing that the passivation process is bothan art and a science, and that machining,fabricating, and heat treating practices cansubstantially affect the corrosion resistanceof the component.It's a well known fact thatpassivation will enhance the corrosionresistance of stainless steels, but to realizethe maximum performance from these high-tech alloys, all parties involved with manu-facturing must understand their responsibili-ty in maintaining the integrity of the materialthroughout the process.About the Author:Dan Englebert is the Vice-President, T echnical Services at Imagineering Enterprises,Inc., a metal finishing and consulting firm located in South Bend, Indiana.TheQS-9000/ISO 9002 certified company was founded in 1959 and is recognized globally as an Electroless Nickel Plating expert source.Imagineering is a member of the National Association of Metal Finishers (NAMF) and the Indiana Association of Metal Finishers (IAMF).Englebert is a member of the American Electroplaters and Surface Finishers Society (AESF) and the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE).References1. ASTM A 380 - 96 Standard Practice for Cleaning, Descaling, and Passivation of Stainless Steel Parts, Equipment, and Systems * ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys* ASTM Committee on Standards100 Barr Harbor DriveWest Conshohocken, PA 194282. Fed. Spec. QQ-P-35C October 28, 1988 Passivation Treatments For Corrosion Resistant Steel* CANCELLED April 4, 1997* SUPERSEDED by ASTM A 967 - 96Copper Sulfate test per MIL-STD-753.With passivation on left and without on right.3. ASTM A 967 - 96 Standard Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel Parts * ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys* ASTM Committee on Standards100 Barr Harbor DriveWest Conshohocken, PA 194284. ASTM B 117 - 95 Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus* ASTM Committee G-1 on Corrosion of Metals* ASTM Committee on Standards100 Barr Harbor DriveWest Conshohocken, PA 19428。
ISO5832-1第一部分 Wrought stainless steel 锻造不锈钢
ISO5832-1第一部分Wrought stainless steel 锻造不锈钢1、范围ScopeISO5832这部分对用锻造不锈钢制造的外科植入物指定了相对应的特定的测试方法。
this part of iso5832 specifies the characteristics of,and corresponding test methods for,wrought stainless steel for use in the manufacture of surgical implants.提供最适宜的两种类型的不锈钢化学基础成分（见表1）Provision is made for two types of stainless steel based on chemical composition(see table 1)NOTE 1 用使用本标准材料加工的最终产品的试样的力学性能不必完全与本标准规定的指标相同。
NOTE 22、规范性引用文件normative references下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。
凡是注日提的引用文件，其随后的所有的修改修订版本均不适于本标准，但是，为了鼓励根据本标准达成协议的各方的研究，凡是没有注明日期的引用文件，其最新版本均适用于本标准。
ISO 377 Steel and steel products-Location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical testing.ISO 404……………………..3、化学成分chemical composition3.1 试验样本test samples用于分析的样品应符合ISO 377规定。
The selection of samples for analysis shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 377.3.2 铸造分析Cast analysis刚的化学成分应符合表1的规定。
2205双相不锈钢成分
2205双相不锈钢成分英文回答：Stainless steel is a versatile material that is widely used in various industries due to its excellent corrosion resistance and durability. One particular type of stainless steel that is commonly used is 2205 duplex stainless steel.2205 duplex stainless steel is a type of stainlesssteel that belongs to the ferritic-austenitic family. It is composed of approximately 22% chromium, 5% nickel, 3% molybdenum, and 0.15% nitrogen, with the remainder being iron. This composition gives 2205 duplex stainless steelits unique properties.One of the key characteristics of 2205 duplex stainless steel is its high resistance to corrosion. The presence of chromium in the alloy forms a passive oxide layer on the surface, which protects the steel from oxidation and corrosion. This makes it suitable for applications in harshenvironments, such as offshore oil rigs and chemical processing plants.Another important property of 2205 duplex stainlesssteel is its high strength. The combination of austeniteand ferrite phases in the microstructure gives it superior mechanical properties compared to other types of stainless steel. This allows it to withstand high pressures and temperatures, making it ideal for applications in the oil and gas industry.In addition to its corrosion resistance and strength, 2205 duplex stainless steel also offers good weldabilityand formability. It can be easily welded using common techniques such as TIG or MIG welding, and it can be formed into various shapes and sizes without losing its properties. This makes it a cost-effective choice for fabrication and construction projects.To illustrate the properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel, let's consider an example. Imagine a marine engineer who is designing a seawater intake pipe for a desalinationplant. The pipe needs to withstand the corrosive effects of seawater and the high pressures involved in the process.The engineer decides to use 2205 duplex stainless steel for the pipe due to its excellent corrosion resistance and high strength. The high chromium content forms a protective layer on the surface of the pipe, preventing corrosion from seawater. The strength of the steel allows it to withstand the high pressures of the desalination process without deforming or cracking.中文回答：2205双相不锈钢是一种广泛应用于各个行业的多功能材料，因其优异的耐腐蚀性和耐久性而备受青睐。
2系不锈钢材质成分
2系不锈钢材质成分英文回答：Stainless steel is an iron-based alloy that contains at least 10.5% chromium as well as other alloying elements such as carbon, manganese, silicon, nickel, molybdenum, nitrogen, and sulfur. The different types of stainlesssteel are designated by a three-digit number that indicates the composition of the alloy. The first digit indicates the type of stainless steel, the second digit indicates the amount of chromium, and the third digit indicates the amount of nickel.The 200 series of stainless steels are known as the "chromium-nickel" stainless steels. These stainless steels contain between 16% and 26% chromium and between 4% and 22% nickel. The 200 series stainless steels are known for their good corrosion resistance, strength, and ductility. They are often used in applications such as cookware, cutlery, and automotive parts.The 201 stainless steel is a versatile and economical grade of stainless steel. It contains approximately 17% chromium, 4% nickel, and 1% manganese. The 201 stainless steel is known for its good corrosion resistance, strength, and formability. It is often used in applications such as cookware, cutlery, and automotive parts.The 202 stainless steel is a higher-grade stainless steel than the 201 stainless steel. It contains approximately 18% chromium, 8% nickel, and 1% manganese. The 202 stainless steel is known for its excellent corrosion resistance, strength, and ductility. It is often used in applications such as cookware, cutlery, and automotive parts.中文回答：2系不锈钢是铁基合金，含有至少 10.5% 的铬，以及其他合金元素，如碳、锰、硅、镍、钼、氮和硫。
高硅不锈钢化学成分
高硅不锈钢化学成分英文回答：Chemical composition of high-silicon stainless steel:High-silicon stainless steel, also known as silicon-containing stainless steel, is a type of stainless steel alloy that contains a high percentage of silicon in its chemical composition. The presence of silicon in this alloy greatly influences its properties and performance.The chemical composition of high-silicon stainlesssteel typically includes iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and a significant amount of silicon (Si). The exact composition may vary depending on the specific grade and intended application of the steel.For example, a common grade of high-silicon stainless steel is the AISI 310S, which has the following chemical composition:Iron (Fe): 50-55%。
Chromium (Cr): 24-26%。
Nickel (Ni): 19-22%。
Silicon (Si): 1.5-2.5%。
Other trace elements: carbon (C), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S)。
金属材料 专业英语词汇对照
Material Science 材料科学Material Science Definition 材料科学定义Machinability[məʃi:nə'biliti]加工性能Strength .[streŋθ]强度Corrosion & resistance durability.[kə'rəʊʒən] &[ri'zistəns] .[ 'djʊrə'bɪlətɪ] 抗腐蚀及耐用Special metallic features 金属特性Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection 抗敏感及环境保护Chemical element 化学元素Atom of Elements 元素的原子序数Atom and solid material 原子及固体物质Atom Constitutes 原子的组织图Periodic Table 周期表Atom Bonding 原子键结合Metal and Alloy 金属与合金Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属Features of Metal 金属的特性Crystal Pattern 晶体结构Crystal structure, Space lattice & Unit cell 晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格X – ray crystal analytics method X线结晶分析法Metal space lattice 金属结晶格子Lattice constant 点阵常数Mill's Index 米勒指数Metal Phase and Phase Rule金相及相律Solid solution 固熔体Substitutional type solid solution 置换固熔体Interstitial solid solution 间隙固熔体Intermetallic compound 金属间化合物Transformation 转变Transformation Point 转变点Magnetic Transformation 磁性转变Allotropic Transformation 同素转变Thermal Equilibrium 热平衡Degree of freedom 自由度Critical temperature 临界温度Eutectic 共晶Peritectic [.peri’tekti k] Temperature包晶温度Peritectic Reaction 包晶反应Peritectic Alloy 包晶合金Hypoeutectic Alloy 亚共晶体Hypereutectic Alloy 过共晶体Plastic Deformation 金属塑性Slip Plan 滑动面Distortion 畸变Work Hardening 硬化Annealing 退火Crystal Recovery 回复柔软Recrystallization 再结晶Properties & testing of metal 金属材料的性能及试验Chemical Properties 化学性能Physical Properties 物理性能Magnetism 磁性Specific resistivity & specific resistance 比电阻Specific gravity & specific density比重Specific Heat比热热膨胀系数 Coefficient of thermal expansion导热度 Heat conductivity机械性能 Mechanical properties屈服强度(降伏强度) (Yield strength)弹性限度、杨氏弹性系数及屈服点 elastic limit, Young’s module of elasticity to yield point伸长度 Elongation断面缩率 Reduction of area破坏性检验 destructive inspections渗透探伤法 Penetrate inspection磁粉探伤法 Magnetic particle inspection放射线探伤法 Radiographic inspection超声波探伤法 Ultrasonic inspection显微观察法 Microscopic inspection破坏的检验 Destructive Inspection冲击测试 Impact Test疲劳测试 Fatigue Test蠕变试验Creep Test潜变强度 Creeps Strength第一潜变期 Primary Creep第二潜变期 Secondary Creep第三潜变期 Tertiary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质 Physical properties of major Metal Elements工业标准及规格–铁及非铁金属 Industrial Standard – Ferrous & Non – ferrous Metal磁力 Magnetic简介 General软磁 Soft Magnetic硬磁 Hard Magnetic磁场 Magnetic Field磁性感应 Magnetic Induction导磁率[系数,性] Magnetic Permeability磁化率 Magnetic Susceptibility (Xm)磁力(Magnetic Force)及磁场 (Magnetic Field)是因物料里的电子 (Electron)活动而产生抗磁体、顺磁体、铁磁体、反铁磁体及亚铁磁体 Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetisms, Antiferromagnetism & Ferrimagnetisms抗磁体 Diamagnetism磁偶极子 Dipole负磁力效应 Negative effect顺磁体 Paramagnetic正磁化率 Positive magnetic susceptibility铁磁体 Ferromagnetism转变元素 Transition element交换能量 Positive energy exchange外价电子 Outer valence electrons化学结合 Chemical bond自发上磁 Spontaneous magnetization磁畴 Magnetic domain相反旋转 Opposite span比较抗磁体、顺磁体及铁磁体 Comparison of Diamagnetism, Paramagnetic & Ferromagnetism反铁磁体 Antiferromagnetism亚铁磁体 Ferrimagnetism磁矩 magnetic moment净磁矩 Net magnetic moment钢铁的主要成份 The major element of steel钢铁用"碳"之含量来分类 Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相 Steel Phases钢铁的名称 Name of steel铁素体Ferrite渗碳体 Cementitle奥氏体 Austenite珠光体及共析钢 Pearlite &Eutectoid奥氏体碳钢 Austenite Carbon Steel单相金属 Single Phase Metal共释变态 Eutectoid Transformation珠光体 Pearlite亚铁释体 Hyppo-Eutectoid初释纯铁体 Pro-entectoid ferrite过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite中珠光体 Medium Pearlite幼珠光体 Fine pearlite磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation钢铁的制造 Manufacturing of Steel连续铸造法 Continuous casting process电炉 Electric furnace均热炉 Soaking pit全静钢 Killed steel半静钢 Semi-killed steel沸腾钢(未净钢) Rimmed steel钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及延轧 The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel熔铸 Casting锻造 Fogging挤压 Extrusion延轧Rolling冲剪 Drawing & stamping特殊钢以元素分类Classification of Special Steel according to Element特殊钢以用途来分类 Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage 易车(快削)不锈钢 Free Cutting Stainless Steel含铅易车钢 Leaded Free Cutting Steel含硫易车钢 Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel硬化性能 Hardenability钢的脆性 Brittleness of Steel低温脆性 Cold brittleness回火脆性 Temper brittleness日工标准下的特殊钢材 Specail Steel according to JIS Standard铬钢–日工标准 JIS G4104 Chrome steel to JIS G4104铬钼钢钢材–日工标准 G4105 62 Chrome Molybdenum steel to JIS G4105镍铬–日工标准 G4102 63 Chrome Nickel steel to JIS G4102镍铬钼钢–日工标准 G4103 64 Nickel, Chrome & Molybdenum Steel to JIS G4103高锰钢铸–日工标准 High manganese steel to JIS standard片及板材 Chapter Four-Strip, Steel & Plate冷辘低碳钢片(双单光片)(日工标准 JIS G3141) 73 - 95 Cold Rolled (Low carbon) Steel Strip (to JIS G 3141)简介 General美材试标准的冷辘低碳钢片 Cold Rolled Steel Strip American Standard – American Society for testing and materials (ASTM)日工标准 JIS G3141冷辘低碳钢片 (双单光片)的编号浅释 Decoding of cold rolled(Low carbon)steel strip JIS G3141材料的加工性能 Drawing ability硬度 Hardness表面处理 Surface finish冷辘钢捆片及张片制作流程图表 Production flow chart cold rolled steel coil sheet冷辘钢捆片及张片的电镀和印刷方法 Cold rolled steel coil & sheet electro-plating & painting method冷辘(低碳)钢片的分类用途、工业标准、品质、加热状态及硬度表 End usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试) Elongation test杯突测试(厚度: 0.4公厘至 1.6公厘，准确至 0.1公厘 3个试片平均数 ) Erichsen test (Thickness: 0.4mm to 1.6mm, figure round up to 0.1mm)曲面(假曲率) Camber厚度及阔度公差 Tolerance on Thickness & Width平坦度(阔度大于 500公厘，标准回火 ) Flatness (width>500mm, temper: standard)弯度 Camber冷辘钢片储存与处理提示 General advice on handling & storage of cold rolled steel coil & sheet 防止生锈 Rust Protection生锈速度表 Speed of rusting焊接 Welding气焊 Gas Welding埋弧焊 Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊 Resistance Welding冷辘钢片(拉力: 30-32公斤/平方米)在没有表面处理状态下的焊接状况 Spot welding conditions for bared (free from paint, oxides etc) Cold rolled mild steel sheets(T/S:30-32 Kgf/ µ m2)时间效应(老化)及拉伸应变 Aging & Stretcher Strains日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片化学成份 Chemical composition – cold rolled steel sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片的"理论重量"计算方程式 Cold Rolled Steel Sheet – Theoretical mass 日工标准(JIS G3141)冷辘钢片重量列表 Mass of Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet to JIS G3141冷辘钢片订货需知Ordering of cold rolled steel strip/sheet其它日工标准冷轧钢片(用途及编号) JIS standard & application of other cold Rolled Special Steel电镀锌钢片或电解钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet/Electrolytic Zinc Coated Steel Sheet电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet上漆能力 Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接 Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊 Spot welding滚焊 Seam welding电镀锌(电解)钢片 Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程 Production Flow Chart常用的镀锌钢片(电解片)的基层金属、用途、日工标准、美材标准及一般厚度 Base metal, application, JIS & ASTM standard, and Normal thickness of galvanized steel sheet锌镀层质量 Zinc Coating Mass表面处理 Surface Treatment冷轧钢片 Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip热轧钢片 Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差 Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet热轧钢片厚度公差 Thickness Tolerance of Hot-rolled sheet冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差 Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet长度公差 Length Tolerance理论质量 Theoretical Mass锌镀层质量(两个相同锌镀层厚度) Mass Calculation of coating (For equal coating)/MM锌镀层质量(两个不同锌镀层厚度) Mass Calculation of coating (For differential coating)/MM镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) (日工标准 JIS G3303)简介 General镀锡薄铁片的构造 Construction of Electrolytic Tinplate镀锡薄钢片(白铁皮/马日铁)制造过程 Production Process of Electrolytic Tinplate锡层质量 Mass of Tin Coating (JIS G3303-1987)两面均等锡层 Both Side Equally Coated Mass两面不均等锡层 Both Side Different Thickness Coated Mass级别、电镀方法、镀层质量及常用称号Grade, Plating type, Designation of Coating Mass & Common Coating Mass镀层质量标记 Markings & Designations of Differential Coatings硬度 Hardness单相轧压镀锡薄铁片(白铁皮/马口铁) Single-Reduced Tinplate双相辗压镀锡薄钢片(马口铁/白铁皮) Dual-Reduction Tinplate钢的种类 Type of Steel常用尺寸 Commonly Used Size电器用硅 [硅] 钢片 Electrical Steel Sheet简介 General软磁材料 Soft Magnetic Material滞后回线 Narrow Hysteresis矫顽磁力 Coercive Force硬磁材料 Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积 Maximum Energy Product硅含量对电器用的低碳钢片的最大好处 The Advantage of Using Silicon low Carbon Steel晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented) Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented电器用硅 [硅] 钢片的最终用途及规格 End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip电器用的硅 [硅] 钢片之分类 Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use电器用钢片的绝缘涂层 Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets晶粒取向电器用硅钢片主要工业标准 International Standard – Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use晶粒取向电器用硅钢片 Grain-Oriented Electrical Steel晶粒取向，定取向芯钢片及高硼定取向芯钢片之磁力性能及夹层系数 (日工标准及美材标准) Magnetic Properties and Lamination Factor of SI-ORIENT-CORE& SI-ORIENT-CORE-HI B Electrical Steel Strip (JIS and AISI Standard)退火 Annealing电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因 Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项 Annealing Precautionary碳污染 Prevent Carbon Contamination热力应先从工件边缘透入 Heat from the Laminated Stacks Edges提防过份氧化 No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度 Stress –relieving Annealing Temperature绝缘表面 Surface Insulation非晶粒取向电力用钢片的电力、磁力、机械性能及夹层系数 Lamination Factors of Electrical, Magnetic & Mechanical Non-Grain Oriented Electrical电器及家电外壳用镀层冷辘 [低碳] 钢片 Coated (Low Carbon) Steel Sheets for Casing,Electricals & Home Appliances镀铝硅钢片 Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet镀铝硅合金钢片的特色 Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet用途 End Usages抗化学品能力 Chemical Resistance镀铝(硅)钢片–日工标准 (JIS G3314) Hot-aluminum-coated sheets and coils to JIS G 3314镀铝(硅)钢片–美材试标准 (ASTM A-463-77)35.7 JIS G3314镀热浸铝片的机械性能 Mechanical Properties of JIS G 3314 Hot-Dip Aluminum-coated Sheets andCoils公差 Size Tolerance镀铝(硅)钢片及其它种类钢片的抗腐蚀性能比较 Comparsion of various resistance of aluminized steel & other kinds of steel镀铝(硅)钢片生产流程 Aluminum Steel Sheet, Production Flow Chart焊接能力 Weldability镀铝钢片的焊接状态(比较冷辘钢片) Tips on welding of Aluminized sheet in comparasion with cold rolled steel strip钢板 Steel Plate钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准 Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程 Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知 Ordering of Steel Plate不锈钢 Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义 Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性 Classification, Corrosion Resistant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel马氏体不锈钢Martensite Stainless Steel低碳马氏体不锈钢Low Carbon Martensite Stainless Steel含铁体不锈钢Ferrite Stainless Steel镍铬系不锈钢Nickel Chrome Stainless Steel释出硬化不锈钢Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel铁锰铝不锈钢Fe / Mn / Al / Stainless Steel不锈钢的磁性Magnetic Property & Stainless Steel不锈钢箔、卷片、片及板之厚度分类Classification of Foil, Strip, Sheet & Plate by Thickness表面保护胶纸Surface protection film不锈钢片材常用代号Designation of SUS Steel Special Use Stainless 表面处理 Surface finish 薄卷片及薄片(0.3至 2.9mm 厚之片)机械性能Mechanical Properties of Thin Stainless Steel(Thickness from 0.3mm to 2.9mm) – strip/sheet 不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP) Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel不锈钢–种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及主要用途Stainless Steel – Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例End Usage of Thinner Gauge不锈钢片、板用途例Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips耐热不锈钢Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel铬系耐热钢Chrome Heat Resistance Steel镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel超耐热钢Special Heat Resistance Steel抗热超级合金Heat Resistance Super Alloy耐热不锈钢比重表Specific Gravity of Heat – resistance steel plates and sheets stainless steel不锈钢材及耐热钢材标准对照表Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels发条片 Power Spring Strip发条的分类及材料 Power Spring Strip Classification and Materials上链发条 Wind-up Spring倒后擦发条 Pull Back Power Spring圆面("卜竹")发条 Convex Spring Strip拉尺发条 Measure Tape魔术手环 Magic Tape魔术手环尺寸图 Drawing of Magic Tap定型发条 Constant Torque Spring定型发条及上炼发条的驱动力 Spring Force of Constant Torque Spring and Wing-up Spring定型发条的形状及翻动过程 Shape and Spring Back of Constant Torque Spring定型发条驱动力公式及代号The Formula and Symbol of Constant Torque Spring边缘处理 Edge Finish硬度 Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途 High Carbon Tool Steel, Chemical Composition and Usage每公斤发条的长度简易公式 The Length of 1 Kg of Spring Steel Strip SK-5 & AISI-301每公斤长的重量 /公斤(阔 100-200公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 100-200mm) SK-5 & AISI-301每公斤之长度 (阔 100-200公厘) Length per one kg (Width 100-200mm) SK-5 & AISI-301每公尺长的重量 /公斤(阔 2.0-10公厘) Weight per one meter long (kg) (Width 2.0-10mm) SK-5 & AISI-301每公斤之长度 (阔 2.0-10公厘) Length per one kg (Width 2.0-10mm)高碳钢片 High Carbon Steel Strip分类 Classification用组织结构分类 Classification According to Grain Structure用含碳量分类–即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢 Classification According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片 Carbon Steel Strip For Spring Use冷轧状态 Cold Rolled Strip回火状态 Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态 Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision – Quenched Steel Strip贝氏体钢片 Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理 Edge Finished淬火剂 Quenching Media碳钢回火 Tempering回火有低温回火及高温回火 Low & High Temperature Tempering高温回火 High Temperature Tempering退火 Annealing完全退火 Full Annealing扩散退火 Diffusion Annealing低温退火 Low Temperature Annealing中途退火 Process Annealing球化退火 Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火 Bright Annealing淬火 Quenching时间淬火 Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火 Austempering马氏铁体淬火 Marquenching高碳钢片用途 End Usage of High Carbon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢–日本工业标准 Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311电镀金属钢片 Plate Metal Strip电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip金属捆片电镀层 Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip镀镍 Nickel Plated镀铬 Chrome Plated镀黄铜 Brass Plated基层金属 Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属 Iron & Low Carbon as Base Metal不锈钢基层金属 Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属 Copper as Base Metal黄铜基层金属 Brass as Base Metal轴承合金 Bearing Alloy轴承合金–日工标准 JIS H 5401 Bearing Alloy to JIS H 5401锡基、铅基及锌基轴承合金比较表 Comparison of Tin base, Lead base and Zinc base alloy for Bearing purpose易溶合金 Fusible Alloy焊接合金 Soldering and Brazing Alloy软焊 Soldering Alloy软焊合金–日本标准 JIS H 4341 Soldering Alloy to JIS H 4341硬焊 Brazing Alloy其它焊接材料请参阅日工标准目录 Other Soldering Material细线材、枝材、棒材 Chapter Five Wire, Rod & Bar线材/枝材材质分类及制成品 Classification and End Products of Wire/Rod铁线(低碳钢线)日工标准 JIS G 3532 Low Carbon Steel Wires ( Iron Wire ) to JIS G 3532光线(低碳钢线)，火线 (退火低碳钢线 )，铅水线 (镀锌低碳钢线)及制造钉用低碳钢线之代号、公差及备注 Ordinary Low Carbon Steel Wire, Annealed Low Carbon Steel Wire, Galvanized low Carbon Steel Wire & Low Carbon Steel Wire for nail manufacturing - classification, Symbol of Grade, Tolerance and Remarks.机械性能 Mechanical Properites锌包层之重量，铜硫酸盐试验之酸洗次数及测试用卷筒直径 Weight of Zinc-Coating, Number of Dippings in Cupric Sulphate Test and Diameters of Mandrel Used for Coiling Test冷冲及冷锻用碳钢线枝 Carbon Steel Wire Rods for Cold Heading & Cold Forging (to JIS G3507) 级别，代号及化学成份 Classification, Symbol of Grade and Chemical Composition直径公差，偏圆度及脱碳层的平均深度 Diameter Tolerance, Ovality and Average Decarburized Layer Depth冷拉钢枝材 Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar枝材之美工标准，日工标准，用途及化学成份 AISI, JIS End Usage and Chemical Composition of Cold Drawn Carbon Steel Shafting Bar冷拉钢板重量表 Cold Drawn Steel Bar Weight Table高碳钢线枝 High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (to JIS G3506)冷拉高碳钢线 Hard Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire (to JIS G3521, ISO-84580-1&2)化学成份分析表 Chemical Analysis of Wire Rod线径、公差及机械性能(日本工业标准 G 3521) Mechanical Properties (JIS G 3521)琴线(日本标准 G3522) Piano Wires (to G3522)级别，代号，扭曲特性及可用之线材直径 Classes, symbols, twisting characteristic and applied WireDiameters直径，公差及拉力强度 Diameter, Tolerance and Tensile Strength裂纹之容许深度及脱碳层 Permissible depth of flaw and decarburized layer常用的弹簧不锈钢线-编号，特性，表面处理及化学成份 Stainless Spring Wire – National Standard number, Characteristic, Surface finish & Chemical composition弹簧不锈钢线，线径及拉力列表Stainless Spring Steel, Wire diameter and Tensile strength of Spring Wire处理及表面状况 Finish & Surface各种不锈钢线在不同处理拉力比较表 Tensile Strength of various kinds of Stainless Steel Wire under Different Finish圆径及偏圆度之公差 Tolerance of Wire Diameters & Ovality铬镍不锈钢及抗热钢弹簧线材–美国材验学会 ASTM A313 – 1987 Chromium – Nickel Stainless and Heat-resisting Steel Spring Wire – ASTM A313 – 1987化学成份 Chemical Composition机械性能 Mechanical Properties305, 316, 321及 347之拉力表 Tensile Strength Requirements for Types 305, 316, 321 and 347 A1S1-302贰级线材之拉力表 Tensile Strength of A1S1-302 Wire日本工业标准–不锈钢的化学成份 (先数字后字母排列) JIS –Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel (in order of number & alphabet)美国工业标准–不锈钢及防热钢材的化学成份 (先数字后字母排列) AISI – Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel & Heat-Resistant Steel(in order of number & alphabet)易车碳钢 Free Cutting Carbon Steels (to JIS G4804 )化学成份 Chemical composition圆钢枝，方钢枝及六角钢枝之形状及尺寸之公差 Tolerance on Shape and Dimensions for Round Steel Bar, Square Steel Bar, Hexagonal Steel Bar易车(快削)不锈钢 Free Cutting Stainless Steel易车(快削)不锈钢种类 Type of steel易车(快削)不锈钢拉力表 Tensile Strength of Free Cutting Wires枝/棒无芯磨公差表 (μ) (μ = 1/100 mm) Rod/Bar Centreless Grind Tolerance易车不锈钢及易车钢之不同尺寸及硬度比较 Hardness of Different Types & Size of Free Cutting Steel 扁线、半圆线及异形线 Flat Wire, Half Round Wire, Shaped Wire and Precision Shaped Fine Wire 加工方法 Manufacturing Method应用材料 Material Used特点 Characteristic用途End Usages不锈钢扁线及半圆线常用材料 Commonly used materials for Stainless Flat Wire & Half Round Wire 扁线公差 Flat Wire Tolerance方线公差 Square Wire Tolerance。
4系列 不锈钢 成分
4系列不锈钢成分英文回答：Stainless steel is a type of steel alloy that contains a minimum of 10.5% chromium by mass. It is known for its corrosion resistance and durability, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. In addition to chromium, stainless steel may also contain other elements such as nickel, molybdenum, and nitrogen, which enhance its properties.The exact composition of stainless steel can vary depending on the specific grade and application. For example, the 304 grade stainless steel, which is commonly used in kitchen appliances and utensils, typically contains 18% chromium and 8% nickel. This combination of elements provides good corrosion resistance and makes the steel non-magnetic.Another popular grade is 316 stainless steel, which isoften used in marine environments due to its superior corrosion resistance. It contains 16-18% chromium, 10-14% nickel, and 2-3% molybdenum. The addition of molybdenum improves the steel's resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion caused by chloride ions.In addition to these common grades, there are many other types of stainless steel with different compositions and properties. For example, duplex stainless steel contains both austenite and ferrite phases, offering a combination of high strength and corrosion resistance. Precipitation hardening stainless steel, on the other hand, can be hardened through heat treatment to achieve even greater strength.Overall, the composition of stainless steel iscarefully chosen to achieve the desired properties for a particular application. By varying the amounts of different elements, manufacturers can tailor the steel's corrosion resistance, strength, and other characteristics to meet specific requirements.中文回答：不锈钢是一种含有至少10.5%铬质量分数的钢合金。
拉丝不锈钢英文怎么说
拉丝不锈钢英文怎么说拉丝不锈钢是一种常见的不锈钢材料，在工业和建筑等各个领域得到广泛应用。
那么，拉丝不锈钢在英文中又是如何表达的呢？下面给大家介绍几种常见的表达方式。
1.Brushed stainless steel Brushed stainless steel是对拉丝不锈钢的直译，是指通过机械刷磨的方式将不锈钢表面形成细密的纹理。
这种纹理使得不锈钢具有更好的防划伤性能和抗污能力，同时也赋予了不锈钢更高的装饰性。
2.Satin stainless steel Satin stainless steel是对拉丝不锈钢的另一种表达方式，也常被用于描述具有亮丽表面细纹的不锈钢。
这种细纹让不锈钢更具有质感和现代感，常用于家居装饰、室内设计和电器制造等领域。
3.Frosted stainless steel Frosted stainless steel是指通过腐蚀或化学处理等方法在不锈钢表面制造出均匀、细腻的霜化效果。
霜化不锈钢具有高雅的外观和触感，常用于高端家具、酒店装饰和珠宝制造等领域。
4.Matte stainless steel Matte stainless steel是指经过特殊处理后的不锈钢表面呈现出磨砂效果。
与刷磨不锈钢相比，磨砂不锈钢更加柔和，并且有一种独特的质感，常用于艺术品、手表和建筑装饰等领域。
5.Hairline stainless steel Hairline stainless steel是指在不锈钢表面形成细密的直纹或反射纹，形状类似人类头发，因而得名。
这种处理方式使得不锈钢更显高级和典雅，常用于电梯门、墙面装饰和航空器内饰等领域。
总结起来，拉丝不锈钢可以用多种方式表达，如brushed stainless steel、satin stainless steel、frosted stainless steel、matte stainless steel和hairline stainless steel等。
316l不锈钢成份
316l不锈钢成份英文回答：316L stainless steel is a type of stainless steel that contains specific elements in its composition. It is commonly used in various industries due to its corrosion resistance and high strength. The composition of 316L stainless steel includes iron, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and small amounts of other elements.Iron is the main component of stainless steel,providing its basic structure and strength. Chromium is added to enhance the corrosion resistance of the steel by forming a protective oxide layer on the surface. Nickel improves the toughness and ductility of the steel, makingit easier to form and shape. Molybdenum increases thesteel's resistance to pitting corrosion, especially in chloride environments.In addition to these primary elements, 316L stainlesssteel may also contain small amounts of carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen. These elements can have various effects on the steel's properties, such as improving its machinability or enhancing its resistance to certain types of corrosion.The specific composition of 316L stainless steel can vary depending on the manufacturer and the intended application. However, it generally falls within thefollowing ranges: 16-18% chromium, 10-14% nickel, 2-3% molybdenum, and less than 0.03% carbon.中文回答：316L不锈钢是一种含有特定元素的不锈钢，由于其耐腐蚀性和高强度，广泛应用于各个行业。
1.4521标准对应
1.4521标准对应英文回答：The DIN 1.4521 standard is a German standard that specifies the requirements for a type of stainless steel. This type of stainless steel is a martensiticprecipitation-hardening stainless steel, which means that it has a high strength and hardness due to the presence of martensite and precipitates in the microstructure. The DIN 1.4521 standard specifies the chemical composition, mechanical properties, and heat treatment requirements for this type of stainless steel.The DIN 1.4521 standard is used in a variety of applications, including:Aerospace.Automotive.Medical.Chemical processing.Food processing.Power generation.The DIN 1.4521 standard is similar to the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 440C stainless steel. However, there are some slight differences between the two standards. The DIN 1.4521 standard has a higher carbon content thanthe AISI 440C stainless steel, which gives it a higher strength and hardness. However, the DIN 1.4521 standardalso has a lower corrosion resistance than the AISI 440C stainless steel.中文回答：DIN 1.4521标准是一项德国标准，规定了某类不锈钢的要求。
不锈钢针管生产流程
不锈钢针管生产流程英文回答：Stainless Steel Needle Production Process.Stainless steel needles are medical devices used for various purposes, including injections, blood draws, and surgical procedures. They are made of high-quality stainless steel to ensure strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion. The production process of stainless steel needles involves several key steps:1. Raw Material Selection: The first step is to select high-quality stainless steel as the raw material. The type of stainless steel used depends on the intended use of the needles. Common grades include 304, 316, and 440C.2. Annealing: The stainless steel sheets or rods are annealed to soften the material and make it more workable. This process involves heating the steel to a hightemperature and then slowly cooling it.3. Cold Rolling: The annealed steel is then cold rolled to reduce its thickness and improve its strength. This process involves passing the steel through a series of rollers under high pressure.4. Cutting and Grinding: The steel sheets are cut into strips that will eventually become the needles. The strips are then ground to remove any burrs or imperfections.5. Point Grinding: The tips of the needles are ground to create a sharp point. This process requires precision and expertise to ensure the needles are sharp and free of any defects.6. Heat Treatment: The needles are heat treated to enhance their hardness, strength, and durability. This process involves heating the needles to a specific temperature and then quenching them in a suitable medium.7. Polishing: The needles are polished to remove anysurface imperfections and achieve a smooth finish. This improves the aesthetics of the needles and reduces friction during use.8. Sterilization: The needles are sterilized to eliminate any microorganisms or contaminants that could compromise their safety. This is typically done using steam or gamma radiation.9. Packaging: The sterilized needles are individually packaged in sterile containers to maintain their sterility until they are ready for use.The production of stainless steel needles requires precision, quality control, and adherence to strict manufacturing standards. By following these steps, manufacturers ensure that the needles meet the highest standards of safety, performance, and reliability.中文回答：不锈钢针管生产流程。
半导体 不锈钢 标准
半导体不锈钢标准英文回答：Semiconductors and stainless steel are two important materials used in various industries. Let's discuss their characteristics and standard requirements separately.Semiconductors:Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. They are widely used in electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits. The main requirement for semiconductors is their ability to control the flow of electric current. This is achieved by doping the semiconductor material with impurities to create either n-type or p-type semiconductors.In terms of standards, semiconductors need to meet specific criteria to ensure their quality and reliability.For example, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) sets standards for semiconductor devices, including requirements for electrical, mechanical, and environmental performance. These standards ensure that semiconductors can function properly in different operating conditions andmeet the needs of various applications.Stainless Steel:Stainless steel is a type of steel alloy that containsa minimum of 10.5% chromium. It is known for its corrosion resistance, strength, and aesthetic appeal. Stainless steel is widely used in industries such as construction, automotive, and kitchenware. The main requirement for stainless steel is its ability to resist corrosion and maintain its structural integrity in different environments.There are various standards for stainless steel, suchas those set by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). These standards define the chemical composition, mechanical properties, and testing methods forstainless steel. For example, the ASTM A240 standard specifies the requirements for chromium and nickel content, tensile strength, and hardness of stainless steel plates, sheets, and strips.中文回答：半导体和不锈钢是各行各业中两种重要的材料。
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Stainless steel is a common name given to a number of steels with anti-corrosive and anti-staining properties. Right from home, especially kitchen appliances, to the field of construction, stainless steel is a popular choice of metal that does not wear off quickly with rust. It is because stainless steel has a minimum of 10.5% of chromium unlike other steel types. And that 10.5% or more of chromium is what makes the difference, as it prevents corrosion by reacting with oxygen to form a thin and invisible, yet tough layer of chromium oxide film on the surface of the original steel.
Now if you are wondering what if that thin chromium film or coating gets damaged, it repairs itself as long as it reacts with oxygen. Although we are emphasizing on a well-known and much boasted property of stainless steel, we must not ignore the fact that even this alloy can corrode, if it doesn't get enough oxygen to react and form that layer that protects it from corroding and rusting. This could happen with storing of foods in a stainless steel container for a prolonged time, as it prevents the contact from oxygen and results in corrosion. Some of the other common elements that are used in making this alloy include nickel, molybdenum and nitrogen. Properties and Types of Stainless Steel
There are mainly five types of this metal alloy and more of it has been discussed below.
Austenitic Stainless Steel
This is the most commonly used type and is derived with a mix of nickel, nitrogen and manganese. It is also known for its flexibility that is achieved with the use of at least 7% of nickel content. The properties of stainless steel can further be modified with the addition of elements such as titanium, copper and molybdenum. The structure makes it more suitable for welding etc and can be used to make kitchen sinks, food processing equipment, doors and windows, for roofing, in ovens and making chemical tanks, etc.
Ferritic Stainless Steel
The only major alloying element used to make ferritic stainless steel is chromium wherein the chromium content ranges from 10.5 to 18%. This composition of iron and chromium is found not suitable for fabrication purposes and are more appropriate as a corrosion resistant steel. Ferritic stainless stee is also magnetic and are used to make cooking utensils, domestic or home appliances, vehicle exhausts etc.
Precipitation Hardening Grades
Precipitation hardening grades of stainless steel is mostly used for industrial purposes such as in making aerospace applications, mechanical components, turbine blades and paper industry etc. This grade consists of nickel and chromium both and has a considerably small percentage of copper and niobium in it.
Martensitic Stainless Steel
Martensitic stainless steel types are magnetic but, they are not suitable for welding purposes and can be considered all right when it comes to being corrosion resistant. To name a few typical martensitic stainless steel products would include cutlery, shafts, surgical instruments etc.
Duplex Stainless Steel
Duplex stainless steel has properties of both austenitic and ferritic varieties and therefore the name. It contains a higher percentage of chromium than the nickel content. Duplex stainless steel that contains both austenitic and ferritic steel properties are suitable for tough industrial applications such as in making chemical plants, petrochemical plants, heat exchangers, oil and gas installations, etc.
So these were some basic points on this alloy and I hope the types and properties mentioned in the articles can help you identify and distinguish the different types of stainless steel from each other.。