低压电器开关电弧可视化仿真研究

低压电器电弧仿真与研究

低压电器电弧仿真与研究张钰【摘要】As a very common physical phenomenon in power system and electric energy application engineering, the research on arc motion and Simulation of low-voltage electrical apparatus is getting more and more attention. In this paper, based on the arc motion mechanism and arc simulation technology of low-voltage electrical equipment, the arc simulation model of low-voltage electrical equipment was built, and the simulation process of the low-voltage electrical arc was studied.%作为电力系统、电能应用工程中十分常见的物理现象,低压电器电弧运动与仿真研究越来越受关注.本文结合低压电器电弧运动机理与电弧仿真技术,构建了低压电器电弧仿真模型,就低压电器电弧仿真过程进行了研究.【期刊名称】《电子测试》【年(卷),期】2017(000)002【总页数】2页(P34,36)【关键词】低压电器;电弧;仿真【作者】张钰【作者单位】镇江市产品质量监督检验中心,江苏镇江,212013【正文语种】中文通过研究低压电器的电弧运动特性，有助于优化低压电器产品的设计，提高其性能。

但应注意的是，由于低压电器电弧燃弧时间较短，因而如何捕捉电弧是关键。

本文重点结合低压电器电弧运动机理及电弧仿真技术，探讨了低压电器电弧仿真方法与过程，以供参考和借鉴。

低压空气开关电弧现代测试技术的研究综述_图文(精)

李兴文(1978—,男,副教授,博士,研究方向为电弧电接触理论及其应用和电力电子技术。

低压空气开关电弧现代测试技术的研究综述3李兴文,陈德桂,吐松江・卡日,李瑞(西安交通大学电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,陕西西安710049摘要:空气开关电弧是以空气为灭弧和绝缘介质的低压电器中最为复杂的物理现象。

针对电弧运动过程特别是电弧背后击穿现象、电弧温度、电弧组分及其浓度等方面,综述了CCD 和光纤阵列、光谱诊断技术及磁测试技术等低压空气开关电弧的现代测试技术的特点及其应用,并指出了空气开关电弧实验研究中所面临的几个问题。

关键词:电弧;测试;光谱;光纤阵列中图分类号:T M 501+.2文献标识码:A 文章编号:100125531(20080120006204Rev i ew of the I nvesti ga ti on on the M odern M ea surem en tTechnolog i es of L ow Volt age A i r Sw itch ArcL I X ingw en,CHEN D egui,TUSON GJ I AN G Kari,L I R ui(State Key Laborat ory of Electrical I nsulati on and Power Equi pment,Xi πan J iaot ong University,Xi πan 710049,ChinaAbstract:A ir s witch arc is the most comp lex phenomenon in l ow voltage electric apparatus using air asquenching and insulati on mediu m.W ith regarding t o arc moti on p r ocess,es pecially,arc back commutati on phe 2nomenon,arc te mperature,arc compositi on and the corres ponding concentrati on,the characteristics and app licati on of modern measurement technol ogies including CCD,op tical fiber array,s pectru m diagnostics and magnetic diag 2nostics were reviewed .Finally,s ome i m portant p r oble m s in the experi m ental studies of arc s witching arc were pointed .Key words:arc;m ea sure m en t ;spectru m;opti ca l f i ber array陈德桂(1933—,男,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为新型低压电器的研究和开发等。

基于FLUENT的低压分断电弧仿真

基于F L UENT 的低压分断电弧仿真低压电器(2005№5)第一作者:吴　翊(19752),男,博士研究生,从事低压电弧的仿真研究。

基于F L UENT 的低压分断电弧仿真吴　翊,　荣命哲,　杨　茜,　胡光霞(西安交通大学电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,陕西西安　710049)摘　要:在计算流体动力学(CF D )商用软件包F LUE NT 的基础上进行了二次开发,采用了磁流体动力学(MHD )理论,针对低压断路器灭弧室的简化模型,建立了相应的电弧仿真数学模型。

对灭弧室内电弧的整个运动过程进行了仿真计算,并分析了电弧运动过程中一些相关量变化。

关键词:低压断路器;电弧;仿真中图分类号:T M 501+.2　文献标识码:A 文章编号:100125531(2005)0520007203S i m ul a ti on on D ynam i c Character isti cs of Arci n L ow Volt age C i rcu it Breaker M odelli n g Ba sed on FL UENTWU Yi,　RON G M ing 2zhe,　YAN G Q ian,　HU Guang 2xia(State Key Lab of Electrical I nsulati on and Power Equi pment,Xi ’an J iaot ong University,Xi ’an 710049,China ) Abstract:A si m ulati on for arc moti on in a si m p le geometry of l ow voltage circuit breaker was carried out inthis paperwith the use of a commercial computative fluidic dynam ics (CF D )s oft w are F LUE NT .Based on theMHDtheory,a mathematical model of arc moti on was built .Some para meters got fr om the si m ulati on result during the whole arc moti on course was analyzed .Key words:low volt age c i rcu it breaker;arc;si m ul a ti on0　引　言在低压电器领域,断路器触头打开时将会产生电弧,电弧在磁场力的作用下移动进入灭弧栅片并最终熄灭。

低压电器中的热仿真分析

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3.3 ANSYS软件在低压电器热仿真分析中的运用 ANSYS软件在低压电器热仿真分析中的运用
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某MCB主回路温升仿真分析主回路温升仿真分析
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某接触器温升及电磁吸力仿真分析
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该接触器修改后方案的温升仿真分析
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4. 补充说明低压电器产品中热分析仿真方法的运用流程：低压电器产品中热分析仿真方法的运用流程：（1）通过仿真软件（Flux或ANSYS）计算出产品中导电部）通过仿真软件（或）分的电流场分布；分的电流场分布；（2）再将电场计算结果导入到热分析软件（IcePak或）再将电场计算结果导入到热分析软件（或 ANSYS）中计算出温度场。）中计算出温度场。通过以上说明可以得知，仅使用通过以上说明可以得知，仅使用IcePak软件不易计算软件不易计算度场分布，出准确的温度场分布，必须辅助以其他计算电场分布的软件。
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THANKS！！ &
HAVE A NICE WEEKEND！ WEEKEND！
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IcePak软件仿真分析CDM1回路温升软件仿真分析CDM1 3.2 IcePak软件仿真分析CDM1回路温升
Temperature display of 3-pole
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低压电器中的热仿真分析
——IcePak软件介绍软件介绍
2010年7月30日 (星期五)
龚祚勇

低压配电线路电弧性短路故障仿真分析

ＺＨＥＮＧＭｅｎｇｄｉ（Ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ — ＳｏｕｔｈＡｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒａｌＤｅｓｉｇｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅＣｏ．，Ｌｔｄ．，Ｗｕｈａｎ４３００７１，Ｃｈｉｎａ）
湖Ｊ、北Ｉ省Ｊ、建ｌ筑Ｊ、电｝气』优Ｉ秀ｌ论ｌ文ｉ专ｌ栏
低压配电线路电弧性短路故障仿真分析
郑梦笛（中南建筑设计院股份有限公司，武汉市４３００７１）
ＳｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎＡｒｃＳｈｏｒｔ — ｃｉｒｃｕｉｔＦａｕｌｔｏｆＬＶＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎＣｉｒｃｕｉｔ
０引言
在低压配电系统中，为保证正常运行，系统中采
ｉｌｌｕｓｔｒａｔｅｄ；ａｎｄｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ，ｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｆｅａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｆａｕｌｔａｒｃｉｎｃｉｒｃｕｉｔａｒｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｄｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ．Ａｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｍｏｄｅｌｆｏｒｓｉｎｇｌｅ — ｐｈａｓｅａｒｃｆａｕｌｔｏｆｌｏｗ－ｖｏｌｔａｇｅｄｉｓｔｉｂｒｕｔｉｏｎｃｉｒｃｕｉｔｉｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｂｙｃｈｏｏｓｉｎｇａｎａｒｃｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｍｏｄｅｌｓｕｉｔａｂｌｅｆｏｒ

低压配电系统串联电弧故障实验研究与电弧性短路故障仿真分析

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重庆大学硕士学位论文
目
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中文摘要 ..........................................................................................................................................I 英文摘要 ........................................................................................................................................ II 1 绪论 .............................................................................................................................................. 1
A Thesis Submitted to Chongqing University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Engineering
By
Gui Xiaozhi
Supervised by Prof. Yong Jing Specialty：Electrical Engineering
lowvoltagedistributionsystemseriesarcfaultautoregressiveparametermodelsinglephasearcshortfault重庆大学硕士学位论文11国内外现状111低压配电系统串联电弧故障检测的研究现状112低压配电系统单相电弧性短路故障研究现状12本文研究内容1021引言1022信号的ar参数建模及特征值提取10221串联电弧故障回路电流信号特征10222信号的ar参数建模10223ar模型参数的求解与模型阶数的确定11224特征值的提取1323实验装置14231电弧发生装置14232实验面板16233df1024便携式波形记录仪17234df1024软件包的安装及其与pc机的连接18235软件的运行及其录波参数设置20236实验负载2224本章小结2331引言2332实验方案2333线性负载回路中的串联电弧故障识别25331线性负载功率因数对串联电弧故障识别的影响25332电极间隙对串联电弧故障识别的影响26重庆大学硕士学位论文333负载功率对串联电弧故障识别的影响29334线性负载回路中串联电弧故障特征量的提取与故障辨识分析3034非线性负载回路中的串联电弧故障识别31341荧光灯回路中的串联电弧故障识别31342非线性与线性负载组合回路串联电弧故障的识别3435未知负载回路中的串联电弧故障识别3636串联电弧故障特征量的提取及故障识别方法有效性的验证3837本章小结4041引言4042低压配电系统单相电弧性短路故障模型的搭建

低压断路器中电弧等离子体特性的仿真研究

Simulation on the Arc Plasma Behavior in Low V oltage Circuit BreakerLi Xingwen(李兴文)，Chen Degui(陈德桂), Wang Qian(汪倩)Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710047,ChinaEmail: jds20@Abstract: Taking into account the properties of the arc plasma and the electromagnetic, heat and radiative phenomena, commercial computational fluid dynamics software PHOENICS has been adapted and modified to develop the three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) model of arc in a low voltage circuit breaker. The effects of the arc ignition location, venting size and gassing material on arc behavior are investigated. The analysis of the results show that the arc velocity accelerates with the increase of the distance between arc ignition location and of the venting size, and the existence of the gassing material benefits to improve the arc voltage and reduce the arc temperature.Keywords: arc model, venting, gassing material1 IntroductionLow voltage current limiting circuit breakers such as molded case circuit breakers (MCCBs) and miniature circuit breakers (MCBs) are widely used in electrical distribution systems. They are used to protect the power supply to electrical machines and to protect people as well as electrical equipment against a fault current. The breaking technique is based on current limitation, which means that the effective peak value of the arc current is far below the prospective current value with the rapid increase of arc voltage. When a fault current comes, the contacts will part and an arc will occur between the contacts. The interruption operation is performed by the displacement of an electrical arc from an ignition area to a quenching area, consisting of parallel steel plates positioned transversely across the arc column, with the help of Lorentz force and/or gas dynamic force, as shown in Fig. 1.Many various experimental and theoretical investigations report the study of low voltage circuit breakers. Hirofumi Takikawa [1] and Mitsuru Takeuchi [2] studied the distribution of temperature in the cross section of an arc column between separate contacts with spectroscopic detecting systems. J.W. McBride investigated the influence of gas flow and gas composition on the arc root mobility in the contact region of miniature circuit breaker (MCB) [3]. The effects of gassing materials on the arc characteristics are also investigated experimentally in literature [4]. Concerning numerical simulation, first calculations were done by Karetta [5] for arc chambers consisting of two arc runners and insulating walls using a MHD model. With two-dimensional model, Helene Rachard [6] analyzed the influence of the magnetic forces on the shape and displacement of the arc. B Swierczynski [7] developed a three dimensional model to investigate the arc motion with the influence of external magnetic field and plasma composition and transport properties. Lindmayer simulated the process of arc-splitting between metal plates in low voltage arc chutes [8].However, the theoretical knowledge of the influence of the contact and quenching system, and gassing material on arc behavior is not well comprehensive. This paper is devoted to the further study of the air arc plasma motion with the influence of venting size, arc ignition location and gassing material numerically.plateArcFig.1 Illustration of the contact and quenching system of lowvoltage circuit breaker2 The mathematical model2.1 Physical process of the arc columnArc motion is a very complex interaction between current flow, magnetic forces, dynamic gas flow, heat dissipation etc. Fig. 2 schematically shows these coupled processes [5]. The initial temperature and pressure determines the electric conductivity that in turn influences the electric potential and thereby the current density distribution. Ohmic heating and the magnetic forces due to the current density cause gas flow and energy transport with the plasma. This leadsto a temperature and pressure distribution with the arc chamber, and affect the pressure- and temperature-dependent parameters of the plasma.Fig. 2 Interactions between the gasdynamic andelectromagnetic process in an arc column2.2 Assumptions and basic equationsIn order to reduce the complexity of the simulation, we are interested in the motion of the arc column, rather than the chemical processes of the arc, so the following assumptions were made [5]-[7][9]:(1) The plasma studied is assumed to satisfyconditions for local thermodynamic equilibrium(LTE) and the flow is laminar.(2) The arc-electrode interaction is not modeled.(3) The plasma is considered to be a gas mixture withthermodynamic and transport properties obtainedfrom the literature [10]. The physical properties(thermal conductivity, viscosity, density, specificheat, electrical conductivity) are functions of theplasma temperature and pressure.(4) The plasma is assumed to be electrically neutral.This condition is nearly exactly fulfilled with thearc column. However, this so-called sheath regionis ignored since the behavior of the plasma in thearc column is focus of the present study, and itsinteraction with the surroundings is of primaryimportance in switching applications.(5) The arc plasma flow can be regarded as a movingconductor in a magnetic field, and then it isassumed that the induced current given by thetransient terms in Maxwell’s equations is smallcompared to the injected current from the circuit.It is therefore neglected.(6) No ferromagnetic materials in the domain arepresented, thus justifying the use of a constantpermeability for the gaseous medium in order tosimplify the calculation of the magnetic field.Then, The arc plasma can be described by Navier-Stokes equations to describe the mass, momentum and energy conservation processes, and Maxwell’s equations to describe the electromagnetic processes. In addition, in accordance with the physical process of the arc column, to reflect the ohmic heatingand radiative cooling, together with the Lorentz forceon the plasma due to self-induced and external magnetic fields, it is necessary for the simulation ofthe arc to include source terms in the energy and momentum equations.The governing equations are as follows, with t being time, x i, and x k Cartesian coordinates, υrflowvelocity,iυr velocity in i-direction (i=x, y, z), p pressure, T temperature, H dynamic enthalpy,Jrcurrent density, Brmagnetic flux density, V viscous dissipation function, S R radiative cooling, ρdensity, η viscosity, λ thermal conductivity,σelectrical conductivity, and φ electric potential.(1) Mass balance:()divtρρυ∂+=∂r(1)(2) Momentum balance:31()()()(iii kiki k k idivtpJ Bx x x)ρυρυυυυηυ=∂+=∂⎡⎤∂∂∂∂−+++×⎢⎥∂∂∂∂⎣⎦∑rr r(2)(3) Energy balance:2()()()1R H div H div gradT tp V S J tρρυλσ∂+−∂∂+−+∂rr =0 (3)(4) Current continuity:()div grad σφ= (4)where φ may be expressed asJ grad σφ=−r(5)(5) Magnetic flux density can be calculated from the Biot-Savart equations with the assumption of no ferromagnetic materials in the domain.3()()()4ext V r r B r B r J r dV r r µπ′′−′=+×′−∫∫∫r r r r r r r r r r ′ (6) Equation (6) is used to calculate the magnetic fluxdensity for a given current density distribution for each point in the computational domain including the existence of the external magnetic field. r rThe source term in the momentum balance, J B ×r r, is the Lorentz force density, which represents the interaction between the electric current and the magnetic field.Ohmic heating, , occurs when there iselectric current flowing through the plasma field. It is the major factor resulting in the high temperature of arc column.2(1/)J σr Thermal radiation plays a significant role in switching arcs due to the high operating temperatures. However, an exact formulation of the energy radiation is very complicated, which depends on the spectrum characteristics, temperature and pressure [5][9]. In the paper, equation (7) from the literature [5] is used to represents the radiation cooling.(7)4404()R S k T T α=−where113pk m p =⋅, with 0p =1 atm (8)W/m 86.6705710α−=⋅2K 4 (9)Also, it should be noted that the electromagneticfield and the fluid field are fully coupled. Therefore, the Navier-Stokes equations and Maxwell’s equations have to be solved simultaneously.2.3 Geometry and boundary conditionsIn the model, the physical domain is 50×8×8 mm, and the initial arc column between the anode and cathode is a hexahedron with both the length and width of 4 mm, as shown in Fig. 3. The grid size of 50×8×8 is used to calculate the arc plasma flow.No heat conduction is assumed with the outside and the arc chamber is enclosed except at the right end of the chamber is modeled with ambient temperature and pressure. The electric potential boundary of cathode distributes evenly, and both the anode and cathode maintain immobile during the whole simulation process.The following simulations are valid for a constant current of 100 A. They start with initial states of static simulation, where no external magnetic forces are active. At the beginning (t =0) of the transient simulation, the external magnetic forces are switched on and the transient response of the arc for the next 1.0 ms is observed. The external magnetic field forces the arc plasma to flow forward along X axis, the direction and magnitude of which are along Y axis and 0.001T, respectively.50 mm8mm8mm AnodeL=W=4 mm V x =V y =V z =0q=0, J=I/A anodeL=W=4 mm V x =V y =V z =0q=0, φ =0CathodeOther boundaries:V x =V y =V z =0q=0, J=0VentingFig. 3 Schematic diagram of the model andboundary conditions3 Results and discussionResults from the computational model are presented in this section to illustrate the effects of arc ignition location, venting size and gassing material on arc behavior. Some predicted results are compared to experimental results from the past works qualitatively.3.1 Effect of arc ignition locationWhen the venting is full open, three arc ignitionlocations have been analyzed with the above-mentioned method:A. In the middle of the modelB. Forward 10 mm along X direction relative tocase AC. Backward 10 mm along X direction relative tocase A Fig. 4 partly shows the temperature and velocitydistributions of the plasma flow with contour and vector ways, respectively, at 0.8 ms in the X-Y symmetry plane of case A. Double vortices can be seen clearly in the area of the temperature maximum, forming distinct recirculation zones in the domain. Fig. 5 shows the temperature distribution of t= 0, 1.0 and 1.5 ms in the X-Y symmetry plane of case A.It can be seen that with the action of external magnetic force, the high temperature plasma bends and flows tothe venting side.Fig. 4 Temperature and velocity distributions ofthe plasma flow at 0.8ms of case A(a) t=0 ms(b) t=1.0 ms(c) t=1.5 msFig. 5 Temperature distribution for different time stepsFig. 6 shows the simulation results. Curve 1 and 2 represent the velocity ratio of case B and C variation with the time, respectively, regarded the velocity of case A as standard. It demonstrates that the arc ignition location has important effect on the arc motion. Moving the location forward along x axis canresult in decreasing the velocity of arc motion significantly. And it also seems that the velocity of arc motion will increase when moving the location to theopposite direction. Thus, it may be concluded that smaller space behind the arc will benefit to the arc motion, which probably be related to the pressure formation and distribution and should be investigated and discussed in next work.μs)Fig. 6 Arc velocity ratio of different arc initial location 3.2 Effect of venting size When the arc ignition is located in the middle of the model, two kinds of venting size has been simulated:A. Full openB. 1/9 of the entire areaFig. 7 shows the velocity (curve 1) and electric potential (curve 2) ratios of case B and A variation with the time. It demonstrates that reducing the venting size will decrease the velocity of the arc motion and the electrical potential. In our previous experiments [11], with measuringthe arc voltage and imaging the arc motion todifferent venting conditions, it concluded that increasing the venting, the arc voltage would be improved, which also benefited the arc motion. This conclusion is consistent with the simulation results.μs)Fig. 7 Arc velocity and electric potential ratios ofdifferent venting size3.3 Effect of gassing materialIn circuit breakers, the purpose of installing gassing material in the arc chamber is to help in increasing thearc voltage and aid in the interruption process through improving the arc voltage. Our previous work also verified this point experimentally [4]. However, theoretical investigations haven’t given detailed and enough explanation.In the paper, neglecting the complex interaction between the arc and the gassing material, adapting the transport and thermo-dynamic properties of 90% Air-10% PA6 gas mixture [7], the effect of gassing material has been simulated, when the arc ignition is located in the middle of the model and the venting is full open.Fig. 8 shows the electric potential (curve 1) and temperature (curve 2) rations relative to the same case without gassing material, respectively. It demonstrates that the electric potential is increased and the temperature is dropped with the existence of gassing material, especially in the former stage. However, probably for without considering the interaction process between the arc and the gassing material, the difference seems not clear in the following stage. So the modeling method about the effect of gassing material should be improved in the following work.Fig. 8 Electric potential and arc temperature rations with theexistence of gassing material4 ConclusionsHere are the conclusions based on the simulation investigation on the arc plasma in low voltage circuit breakers.(1) The arc ignition location from the endventing may affect the arc motion. Thefarther the distance is, the slower the arcmoves.(2) The venting size has significant influence onthe arc motion. The larger size will result inthat arc moves quicker and the electricpotential also increases.(3) Installing the gassing material in the arcchamber, the electric potential will increase,and the temperature will drop.Reference[1] Hirofumi Takikawa and Tateku Sakakibara, “Radiative aspects of the ablation-stabilized arc in polyethylene tube,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., V ol. 19, pp. 879-884, Oct. 1991. [2] Mitsuru Takeuchi and Takayoshi Kubono, The spatial distributions of spectral intensity and temperature in the cross section of an arc column between separation Pd contacts, IEEE Trans. on Comp. Pack. and Manu. Tech., V ol. 21, pp. 68-75, Mar. 1998.[3]John W. McBride, Kesorn Pechrach, and Paul M. Weaver. Arc motion and gas flow in current limiting circuit breakers operating with a low contact switching velocity, IEEE Trans. on Comp. and Pack. Tech., V ol. 25, pp. 427-433, Sep. 2002. [4] X. Li, D. Chen, H. Liu, Y.Chen and Z. Li, Imaging and spectrum diagnostics of air arc plasma characteristics, IEEE Trans. on Plasma Sic., V ol. 32, No. 6, 2004, 2243-2249[5] Frank Karetta, Manfred Lindmayer, Simulation of the gasdynamic and electromagnetic processed in low voltage switching arcs, Proc. 42 IEEE Holm conf. On Electrical Contacts, 16-20 Sept. 1996,35 -44.[6] Helene Rachard, Pierre Chevrier, Daniel Henry and Denis Jeandel, Numerical study of coupled electromagnetic and aerothermodynamic phenomena in a circuit breaker electric arc, International Journal of Hear and Mass Transfer, 42, 1999. 1723-1734[7] B Swierczynski, J J Gonzalea, P Teulet, P Freton and A Gleizes, Advance in low voltage circuit breaker modeling, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 37, 2004, 595-609[8] Lindmayer M., Marzahn, E., Mutzke, A., Ruther, T. and Springstubbe, M, The process of arc-splitting between metal plates in low voltage arc chutes, Proc. of the 50 IEEE Holm Conf. on Electrical Contacts, 20-23 Sept. 2004, 28- 34[9] Lei Z. Schlitz, Suresh V. Garimella and S. H. Chan, Gas dynamics and electromagnetic processed in high-current arc plasmas. Journal of Applied Physics, V ol. 85, March, 1999, 2540-2555[10]J. Yos, Revised transport properties for high temperature air and its components, Avco Space System Division, Technical Release, 1967.[11] Chen Degui, Liu Hongwu, Li Zhipeng, Li Xingwen and Hongtae Park, Experimental investigation on arc motion ofMCCB with different configurations of arc chamber usingoptical fiber measurement system, Proceedings of the 50thIEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts, 20-23 Sept.2004, 341-346.。

基于Matlab电弧模型低压断路器仿真

．
Ｋｅｒｓ：ｏｖｌｇｒａｅ；ｒｄｌｌａｔｓｕｅｍｅｏｓｍｕａｉｎｙｗｏｄｌｗ—ｏｔｅｂｅｋｒａｃｍｏｅ；ｓｑａｔｄ；ｉｌｔａｅｒｈｏ
１引言
低压断路器俗称自动空气开关，是低压配电网中
的主要开关电器之一。它不仅可以接通和分断负载电
ｈｅｅａｔｒｍｅｅｓｏｙｄｌｉｔ．ｄｕｅＳｍｕｉｏｅｔｂｉｉｌｄｂｅｋｎｈｒ－ｒｉｔｅｒｌｖｎａａｔｒｆＭａｒａｃｍｏｅｎＭａｌｂＡｎｓｉｌｋｔｓａｌｈａｓｍｐｉｅｒａｉｇｓｏｔｉｕｔｐｒａｎｓｉｆｃｃｃｒｎｄｌｏｅｌｗｏｔｇｉｕｔｒａｅ．ｈｉｌｔｎｒｓｔｒｌｓｔｅｅｐｒｎａａａＩｓｏａｕｒｔｍｏｅｆｔｅｈｏｖｌｅｃｒｉｂｅｋｒＴｅｓｍｕａｏｅｕｓａｅｃｏｅｗｉｔｘｅｉｔｌｄｔ．ｔｈｗｓｔｔａｃｉｌｈｈｍｅｈｈｔｏｈｓａｃｒｎｒｆｒｎｅｖｅｔｔｕｔｉｎｌｓｓｆｔｒａｅｒａｉｃｉ．ｔｅｍｅｈａｅｔｉｅｅｅｃａｕｅｑａｉｔｅａａｙｉｏｅｂｅｋｒｂｅｋｇａｔｎｄａｌｏｈｌａｖｈｏ
ＺＡｈｎ－ａＨＮＧＺｏｇｉｎｊ（ｕｎｘＶｃｔｎｌｅｈｉｌｎｔｔｏＩｕｔ，ａｎｇ３０１Ｃｉ）Ｇａｇｉｏａｏａｉ＆ＴｃｎａＩｉｅｆｎｓｙＮｎｉ００，ｈａｃｓｔｄｒｕｎ５ｎ

低压配电线路电弧性短路故障仿真分析

低压配电线路电弧性短路故障仿真分析低压配电线路电弧性短路故障仿真分析摘要：随着低压配电线路在现代工业生产中的普及和应用，电弧性短路故障的发生频率也逐渐增高。

在本文中，我们使用Matlab软件对低压配电线路的电弧性短路故障进行了仿真分析。

我们选取了常用的电力设备，包括负载、配电变压器、配电开关和保护设备等，并进行了仿真实验。

通过对仿真实验数据的分析，我们得出了针对低压配电线路电弧性短路故障的防护措施和解决方法，提高了低压配电线路的安全性和可靠性。

关键词：低压配电线路；电弧性短路故障；仿真分析；防护措施；解决方法1.引言随着现代化工业生产的发展，低压配电线路的重要性越来越突出。

低压配电线路是工业生产中的重要组成部分，承担着输送电能和保护设备等多种任务。

但是，在低压配电线路的使用中常常会发生电弧性短路故障，严重危害了人身安全和生产设备的正常运行。

因此，如何防范和解决低压配电线路电弧性短路故障，具有重要的实践和理论意义。

2.低压配电线路的电弧性短路故障低压配电线路的电弧性短路故障是指在低压配电线路中由于电源的两个或多个相间短路，或由于其他原因而形成的强电弧故障。

电弧性短路故障会产生大量的电量和热量，很快引起设备的损坏和火灾等危害。

3.仿真实验过程本文使用Matlab软件对低压配电线路的电弧性短路故障进行了仿真实验，在实验中用了常见的电力设备进行模拟，包括各类负载、配电变压器、配电开关和保护设备等。

我们先对这些设备进行建模，并根据实际情况进行参数的设置。

接着，我们将这些设备和线路组成一个完整的低压配电线路，在电路各个节点插入故障发生设备，观察电路的各项参数变化和故障的影响。

在实验过程中，我们尤其关注电路电压、电流变化，电路的稳定性和安全性等方面。

4.仿真实验结果分析通过对仿真数据的分析，我们发现在低压配电线路中，电弧性短路故障常常是由电源短路、设备老化、保护设备失效等原因引起的。

当电弧性短路故障发生时，电路内的电压和电流会瞬间升高，并在短时间内产生大量的电量和热量。

虚拟仿真技术在智能低压电器实验教学中应用研究

虚拟仿真技术在智能低压电器实验教学中应用研究随着科技的发展和应用，虚拟仿真技术在教育领域也得到了广泛的应用。

智能低压电器实验教学是电气类专业中重要的实践环节，通过实验教学可以帮助学生更好地理解和掌握相关的电气知识和实际操作技能。

而传统的实验教学方式存在一些问题，如实验设备投资成本高、资源有限、实验过程受时间、场地等因素的限制。

将虚拟仿真技术应用于智能低压电器实验教学中，可以克服这些问题，并提供更好的教学效果与体验。

虚拟仿真技术是通过计算机技术模拟和仿真真实环境的各种情景和过程，使用户在虚拟环境中进行实验和操作。

在虚拟仿真实验教学中，学生可以通过计算机软件和硬件设备进行操作与实验，模拟真实环境下的各种情况，从而提高实验效果与质量。

虚拟仿真技术可以提供一个真实、安全的实验环境。

由于低压电器实验涉及到高电压电流等危险因素，传统实验教学中可能存在安全隐患。

而通过虚拟仿真技术，学生可以在计算机程序中进行实验操作，不会受到真实电流的威胁，大大提高了实验操作的安全性。

虚拟仿真技术可以模拟真实的环境场景，使学生能够获得更真实的实验体验。

虚拟仿真技术可以提供多样化的实验场景和教学资源。

传统实验教学受条件限制，实验场地和设备有限，容易造成学生实验机会的不足。

而虚拟仿真技术可以通过模拟各种不同的实验场景，提供多样化的实验资源给学生。

学生可以在不同的场景中进行实验操作，了解不同情况下的实验结果与反应。

虚拟仿真技术还可以提供丰富的教学资源，包括实验资料、操作指导等，帮助学生更好地理解实验原理和操作步骤。

虚拟仿真技术可以提供个性化的教学。

每个学生的学习能力和实验操作能力各不相同，传统实验教学往往采取群体授课方式，难以满足不同学生的学习需求。

而虚拟仿真技术可以根据学生的实际情况，提供个性化的教学方案。

可以根据学生的实验能力和学习进度，调整实验难度和实验内容，帮助学生更好地掌握相关知识与技能。

虚拟仿真技术可以提高学生的学习兴趣和积极性。

低压电器开关电弧运动机理及仿真分析

பைடு நூலகம்开展。
首先低压电气开关电弧运动机制及仿真是一项对于人民的用电安全十分重要的技术，它在目前的应用中发挥了它所具有的重大的作用，关于这一点我们应该加以肯定。但同时我们亦不可以忽略他在发展中的缺失，目前的低压电气开关电弧运动机制及仿真的研究大都停留在对其他国家技术的研究成果之下展开的，它在长时间的发展中已经难以再适应我国当前的具体情况。我们要加强我国本身在这一方面研发的投入，改变目前过于依赖他人的现状。还要积极的鼓励大学生投入到低压电气开关电弧运动机制及仿真的学习中去，大学生作为新时代的新型的高素质人才，在接受新事物的水平上来看是十分的快速的，祖国的未来和民族的兴旺都压在了新一代人的肩膀之上。另外我们还要加速在中国电器行业的发展，积极地研发出用电量稳定的电器，以保证在日常电器的使用中不会对人身产生威胁。最后，我们要积极的鼓励低压电气开关电弧运动机制及仿真的新的发展，用新的知识去填补上当前发展的空缺，以保证国家电力事业的高速发展。
一
流和过压电现象的发生。它的子系统的同步控制的技术能够于潇的利用在电压和电流通过时零处的同步投切，并且可以反作用于整个电器运行的体系之中。三、关于低压电气开关电弧运动机制及仿真的反思
、
关电器设计的关键，掌握开关低压电器开关电弧的特性是十分的重要的。低压电器开关电弧运动的过流保护设置是在预先的判断条件下在一定的时间段内对电路进行判断分析，以减少因电流过载而引发的用电器的短路或断路现象。而低压电气开关电弧运动机制及仿真在国内外都取得了相应的发展，我们在对过往经验的总结中，不难发现低压电气开关电弧运动机制及仿真是不能够单独担负起整个电器的安全的。再加上系统内部本身存在的缺点，在低压电器开关电弧运动时或有大量反复的反应，导致低压电气开关电弧运动机制及仿真的测量产生了相当大的困难ｊ。在当前的工业发展科技的进步之上，电器自动化的要求也越来越高。因此目前针对这一要求的提出我国正在对这一方面加以改进并逐渐的完善这一运行体系，使之在整个电器的运行中产生的有效工作大于无效的工作。二、低压电气开关电弧运动机制及仿真的运行低压电气开关电弧运动机制及仿真是在电器的开关部分的的接触点的连接或断开时，尤其是在两个交流的电流之下因为其中的一个电器的开关而引发的电流的超载或发生故障时，对紧急的情况加以处理的体系。目前的电器运行体系中在两个触头之间所可能出现的电器开关的电弧反应，会致使低压电器开关电弧运动在运行时按照需要在电源之间进行自动的转化，来保证供电的可靠性和安全性，也逐渐将日常中使用的断路器的过载延长，短路延时等问题的保护增加。这种方式的使用可以有效的将低压电器的开关电弧运动拉长，产生适量的较高的电弧电压，保障低压电气开关电弧运动及仿真的顺利的

基于点绘制技术的低压电器开关电弧仿真

面元是唯一由点的位置、向量、法半径确定的，是
点切平面上的一个圆盘，还包含颜色、质等属它材
性。各点面元重叠而形成的物体表面，过预处通
复杂的非线性特性及其瞬时特性，且电弧仿真而
第７卷
第２期
华北科技学院学报
２１００年７月
基于点绘制技术的低压电器开关电弧仿真①
郭晓欣② 胡英王震洲
（华北科技学院计算机系，京东燕郊北１１０）０６１
摘
要：利用点绘制方法采用不规则分布的点云来表征物体表面的特点，出一种基于点绘制技术和非均匀有理Ｂ样提．
数量；
１点绘制技术概述及原理
点模型表示几何体表面是利用从几何体表面密集采样得到的离散点来隐式地表示的 ¨ 。传统的三角网格模型包含了拓扑信息，而点模型没有任
３）根据面元简化权值，定面元合并的顺确序，并面元并重建成一个新的面元。合
点云是不规则分布的离散点，绘制过程中会产生
① ②
收稿日期：００—０２１７—０５作者简介：晓欣（９２一）Ｉ东潍坊人，士，北科技学院计算机系教师。郭１８，ＩＪ硕华
４３
第７卷
第３期
条曲面拟合技术的低压电器开关电弧动态几何模型仿真方法，讨论了低压电器分断过程的仿真方法，电弧在灭弧室中的运动被清晰地从多个角度进行观察。动态电弧模型有利于分析电弧的燃弧过程，改进低压电器产品的性能。关键词：点绘制，关电弧，开曲面拟合中图分类号：Ｍ６．Ｔ５４１文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：６２— １９２１）３— ０３—０１７７６（００００４３

低压电器装置电弧故障的研究

低压电器装置电弧故障的研究付维涌　柳松（遵义市产品质量检验检测院）摘　要：本文旨在开发一种能够检测低压装置中电弧情况的技术，该项技术可以加强对低压装置的电气火灾保护。

本研究涵盖了行业中使用的标准测试方法的管理、技术的操作环境以及实际串联电弧故障的检测方法，以便更好地了解影响两种应用的因素。

本文提出了一种可作为替代测试手段的实施方法，该方法可以更好地观察串联电弧的发生、稳定性和结果。

关键词：低压电器；电弧故障；实验验证；测试手段０　引言随着电力设备的快速发展和广泛应用，低压电器装置的电弧故障也随之增多。

电弧故障是指电气设备中出现的电弧现象，可以导致电气设备损坏、火灾、甚至人员伤亡。

对于电弧故障的研究具有重要意义。

首先，了解电弧故障的发生机理可以帮助工程师设计出更安全可靠的电气设备；其次，研究电弧故障的特性和行为可以帮助人们更好地理解电弧现象，为电力系统的运行和维护提供重要参考；最后，针对电弧故障进行研究，可以促进电气设备的安全技术和故障处理方法的进一步改进［１３］。

在本工作中，使用了一种新的方法来评估２２０Ｖ交流电下电弧故障的严重性。

该实验用广泛的ＰＶＣ帘线类型进行，为了在低压下获得稳定的电弧而不发生高压碳化，只切割了一根导线，并用机电系统控制产生的电弧间隙。

传感器用于捕捉电弧的信息，包括电弧电压、电流、能量、电弧稳定性以及火焰发生。

在本文中研究了电弧的发生、稳定性和结果，重点分析了负载电流对电弧的影响及评价方法。

１　程序设置电能的利用伴随着过载、短路、接地泄漏、电弧故障的风险，以及破坏基础设施和间接影响安全的可能。

保护装置（如熔断器、微量元素控制板和刚性辐射防护装置）被广泛应用，以改善电力装置的安全性。

保险丝和多氯联苯可以防止过载和短路，从而减少火灾的风险。

剩余电流装置可以检测由绝缘缺陷或误接触带电部件而造成的电流泄漏，从而增加安全性。

本文切割长度为１５ｃｍ的绳索，在露出单根电线的每一端剥去外部绝缘层２ｃｍ，每根电线的绝缘层剥离长度为１ｃｍ。

低压开关设备的电弧熄灭技术研究

低压开关设备的电弧熄灭技术研究近年来，低压开关设备广泛应用于工业、建筑和家庭等领域中。

低压开关设备在起到控制和保护电路的作用时，必须能够有效地熄灭电弧，以保障电气设备的正常运行和人身安全。

电弧熄灭技术是低压开关设备中的核心问题，本文将对低压开关设备的电弧熄灭技术进行研究。

一、电弧熄灭技术的背景与意义电弧熄灭技术，顾名思义即是将产生的电弧迅速熄灭，以防止电弧对设备和人员产生伤害。

电弧是由电流在断路点之间产生的气体电离现象，其具有高能量、高温度和高速度等特点，如果不能及时熄灭，将会对设备产生电弧侵蚀、温度升高和振动等不良影响，甚至引发火灾和爆炸等严重后果。

因此，电弧熄灭技术的研究具有重要的意义。

二、电弧熄灭技术的分类与原理目前，电弧熄灭技术主要可以分为机械熄灭、气体熄灭和电子熄灭等几种类型，每一种类型都有其独特的原理和适用范围。

1. 机械熄灭技术机械熄灭技术是通过机械结构来迅速熄灭电弧。

常见的机械熄灭技术包括弹簧引动机构、熄弧室和熄弧器等。

其中，弹簧引动机构利用弹簧的弹力将活动触头迅速分离，从而迅速断开电路，熄灭电弧。

熄弧室则是通过将电弧迅速引导至封闭空间中，利用介质的作用将电弧熄灭。

熄弧器则是通过合理的设计和构造，使电弧能够自动熄灭。

2. 气体熄灭技术气体熄灭技术是利用气体的特性来熄灭电弧。

常见的气体熄灭技术包括气体灭弧装置、SF6灭弧室和气体自动重合闸技术等。

气体灭弧装置通过向电弧区域喷射压缩空气或氮气等气体，以形成局部的气流，将电弧吹灭。

SF6灭弧室则是利用SF6气体的高绝缘性和强灭弧性能，在充填高压气体后，迅速熄灭电弧。

气体自动重合闸技术则是通过预先充填特定气体，当电弧形成时，气体在电弧区域形成高压环境，以促进电弧迅速熄灭。

3. 电子熄灭技术电子熄灭技术是利用电子器件来实现电弧熄灭。

常见的电子熄灭技术包括快速开关技术和电子熄弧器技术等。

快速开关技术是通过高速开关器件来实现电弧的迅速熄灭，如使用晶闸管、快速二极管等器件。

开关电弧仿真数学模型研究进展

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王蕾等：开关电弧仿真数学模型研究进展
电工材料
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开关电弧仿真数学模型研究进展
王蕾，陈乐生
２００２４０；
３２５６０３）
（１．上海和伍新材料科技有限公司，上海
２．温州宏丰电工合金股份有限公司，浙江温州
的飞速变革。
有限的试验手段而言，电弧机理尚无法通过试验得到。为了进一步揭示开关电弧内部复杂的物理现象（电弧等离子体压力、电子密度、电子温度和离子温度等），电器研究人员尝试从理论上用数学公式来描述电弧各参数之间的关系，研究开关电器开断

低压电器开关电弧运动机理及仿真研究

低压电器开关电弧运动机理及仿真研究摘要：在当前的发展形势下，关于低压电器开关电弧运动机制及仿真的研究已经是刻不容缓，它的改革与转型都会影响到我国电器事业的发展。

在低压电器开关电弧运动机制及仿真的研究中交流接触器的使用大大的减少了在实验进行的过程中带来的能耗与安全隐患。

证明了在目前的电力网络运行模式之下，建立交流接触器智能同步控制装置的合理性，并进一步的肯定了分段磁控制的方法的有效性，这在对于我国的电器安全运行上的贡献无疑是巨大的。

鉴于此，本文主要分析低压电器开关电弧运动机理及仿真。

关键词：低压电器；电弧运动；仿真低压电器开关电弧运动及仿真研究过程在国内外取得了一定的进展，我们从过往的经验结论可以得知，因为低压电器开关电弧运动暂时不能独当一面担当领头羊的角色，加之低压电器开关电弧运动时会产生大量反复及瞬时特性，导致测量低压电器开关电弧运动及仿真研究过程的困难。

所以，在低压电器开关电弧运动及仿真研究过程中，必须做好大量调查研究工作针对有关对低压电器开关电弧运动模型理论研究和电弧动态特性研究等方面。

1、低压电器开关电弧概述在当今，工业的大量发展以及科学技术的飞速进步，对电器自动化网络需求量越来越大，因而对电器自动化分析判断和延时能力的要求也越来越高。

因为在电器化的过程中，所有电器开关系统和接触器终端服务器等电器设备会因为电量的强弱而开始分析判断和延时产生大量的电弧，而这将直接影响到开关电器的性能。

对电器自动化的深入研究，可以更好地认识电器触头在整个低压电器开关电弧运动及仿真研究过程中极其复杂的电、热、磁、机械等一系列现象。

在电力使用过程中使用的大多数电器属于低压电器。

低压电器是工业电器中很重要的一个组成部分，通常情况下，发电设备所发出电能的绝大部分都是通过低压电器来分配使用的。

在工业自动化系统中，也需要很多由低压电器构成的各种控制设备。

随着社会的进步，生产自动化程度的不断提高，不仅对低压电器产品的数量有日益增长的要求，对产品的性能、质量、品种等要求也越来越高。

低压开关及控制MATLAB仿真

低压开关及控制实验U 的：1. 掌握高压断路器和低压开关的区别。

2. 熟练运用MATLAB 中的电力系统工具箱对理想低压开关电路进行建模，观察分析其波形。

实验内容：(1)如图所示，构建理想开关电路，观测理想开关的投切效果。

开关未并联缓冲电路，导通时电阻为Q,开关初始为合闸状态，S 时开关断开，S 时重合闸成功.(2)设置模块参数和仿真参数。

双击理想开关模块，按图设置参数。

双击定时器模块，按图设置开关初始为合闸状态，s 时开关断开，s 时再次合闸。

电压源丙的有效值为120 V,频率为50 Hz 。

串联RLC 支路中，电阻用i?10 Q,电感 ZU? H,电容 C?=?1Q uFo打开菜单[Simulation>Conf iguration Parameters],选择 ode23tb 算法，同时设置仿真结束时间为20 ms□■Scop*8» d/kg图@3 3 »Cor ：inuouitai 8lodc Parameters： AC VoHagc SovreeAC Volt age Source (xa?k) (liiJc)Ideal ainuraidal M Voltage source.Paiai^teESPeak &>pliti>de <V>:120Fha^o <doc>:Freouwvcy (Bs) xCOStaple tint:K?xruxenerrtff Kone ▼________________ I OK ]丨Caftcol ] i Help J "ply ]| 图囤 Block Parameters; Series RLC BranchSeries RLC Branch (mask) (link)Implements a series branch of RLC elements.Use the 5 Branch type 5 parameter to ad.d or reinove elements from the branch.Neasur eirient s NoneCancelHelpApplyMMSet the initial capacitor volt age三相电压电流测量模块图九| Block Parameters; Three-Phase V-I MeasurementThree-Phase VI Jleasurement (mask) (link)Ideal three-phase vo It age and current measureineirts.The "block can output the volt ages and current s in per unit values or in volts and amperes・ParajnetersVolt age measurejnent [phase -to - ggund ▼I Use a labelVolt ages in pu5 based on peak value of nominal phase-to-ground voItageCurrent measurement yes ▼_i Use a labelI Currents in puOutput signals in: ComplexOK Cancel ] [ Help ] [ Apply ]--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5^ ---------------------------------------------- - 图输电线路图：输电线路模块图:图万用表模块图：（电压）P3 xtsxdl/Multimeter ［士回I—sW Help 乞A'/ailablG MGasurerrients Selected MeasurementsFault/Fault A Fault/Fault B Fault/Fault C Fault/Fault A Fault/Fault B Fault/Fault C Ub: Thrac-Phaaa Ub: Thrac-Phaaa Ub: Thrcac-Phaaa7ault/F-ult A ^ault/F-ult B 7ault/F-ult CUpdateRot seectec rreasu r ementsOutput typeCloseubububTbTbTb Three—Phafle Thraa-Phaao Threa—Phafle Throa—Phaso Three—PhafleThraa—Phaso（电流）图万用表1图图三相序分量分析图:图算法模块图:图单项接地:故障模块:|料| Block Parameters: Three-Phase Fault对于测量模块和三相模块相同。