Diet and Cancer
癌症与营养
图 5、慢性病及其死亡率的变化趋势
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18.64 22.82 103.93 3 113.14 11.75 30.58 111.62 5.13 112.25 18.87 414.5
death rates per 100,000
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38.55 47.48 121.84 8.12 129.13 11.3
Figure 1 | Colorectal cancer incidence in males in the European Union
This variation is mainlyቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱdue to environmental factors and lifestyle, rather than genetic factors
65.8 127.18 15.37 141.14 13.49
500 400 300 200
135.35 4.45 114.55 10.57
113.06 2.22 97.64 14.02
388.66
276.08
267.21
328.01
100 0
224.85
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1990
other diseases cancers cerebrovascular
DNA repair genes Methy;gunine-DND methyltrasferase (MGMT) is the best studied enzyme. Nitrosamine depletes brain tissue (MGMT), making the brain more susceptible to the action of exogenous and endogenous alkylating processes.
癌症中英文对照
癌症中英文对照Cancer - 癌症Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. It is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, affecting millions of people each year. In Chinese, cancer is commonly referred to as "癌症" (ái zhèng).Types of Cancer - 癌症类型There are many different types of cancer, each with its own specific characteristics. Here are some common types of cancer and their corresponding Chinese translations:1. Breast Cancer - 乳腺癌(rǔ xiàn ái)2. Lung Cancer - 肺癌 (fèi ái)3. Prostate Cancer - 前列腺癌 (qián liè xiàn ái)4. Colorectal Cancer - 结肠直肠癌 (jié cháng zhí cháng ái)5. Skin Cancer - 皮肤癌(pí fū ái)6. Leukemia - 白血病 (bái xuè bìng)7. Ovarian Cancer - 卵巢癌(luǎn cháo ái)8. Pancreatic Cancer - 胰腺癌 (yí xiàn ái)Causes and Risk Factors - 引起癌症的原因和风险因素The development of cancer can be attributed to a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, environmental exposures, and lifestyle choices. Some common causes and risk factors for cancer include:1. Tobacco Use - 吸烟2. Alcohol Consumption - 饮酒3. Unhealthy Diet - 不健康的饮食4. Exposure to Carcinogens - 接触致癌物质5. Family History of Cancer - 家族癌症史6. Age - 年龄7. Obesity - 肥胖8. Chronic Infections - 慢性感染Early Detection and Treatment - 早期检测和治疗Early detection plays a critical role in improving the prognosis and survival rates of cancer patients. Regular screenings and tests can help identify cancer at an early stage when treatment is most effective. In Chinese, early detection is commonly referred to as "早期检测" (zǎo qī jiǎn cè).Treatment options for cancer vary depending on the type and stage of the disease. Common treatment modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. In Chinese, treatment is commonly referred to as "治疗" (zhì liáo).Prevention Strategies - 预防策略While not all cancers can be prevented, there are several strategies individuals can adopt to reduce their risk of developing cancer. These strategies include:1. Healthy Lifestyle Choices - 健康的生活方式选择2. Regular Exercise - 定期锻炼3. Healthy Diet - 健康饮食4. Avoidance of Carcinogens - 避免致癌物质5. Vaccinations - 接种疫苗6. Sun Protection - 防晒7. Regular Check-ups - 定期体检Support and Resources - 支持与资源Receiving a cancer diagnosis can be devastating for individuals and their families. However, there are numerous support groups, organizations, and resources available to provide emotional support, financial assistance, and educational materials. In Chinese, support is commonly referred to as "支持" (zhī chí), and resources as "资源" (zī yuán).Conclusion - 结论Cancer is a complex disease that affects millions of people globally. Understanding the terminology and concepts related to cancer in bothEnglish and Chinese is essential for effective communication, research, and patient care. By continuing to advance our knowledge, prevention strategies, and treatment options, we can work towards reducing the burden of cancer and improving the lives of those affected.。
关于健康的英语作文(通用15篇)
关于健康的英语作文(通用15篇)关于健康的英语作文1. Introduction to the Importance of HealthHealth is one of the most important aspects of our lives. It affects every aspect of our functioning, from our physical well-being to our mental and emotional state. In this essay, we will explore the significance of maintaining good health and how it can positively impact our lives.2. How to Achieve a Healthy LifestyleTo lead a healthy lifestyle, it is vital to adopt certain habits. These include eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, getting enough sleep, managing stress, and avoiding harmful behaviors such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. By following these practices, individuals can improve their overall health and well-being.3. The Benefits of Physical ExerciseRegular physical exercise is crucial for maintaining good health. It not only helps in weight management but also reduces the risk of various chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Additionally, exercise boosts mood, reduces stress levels, and improves cognitive function.4. The Role of Diet in HealthA healthy diet provides the necessary nutrients for the body to function optimally. It should include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. A balanced diet supports proper growth, development, and maintenance of the body, boosts the immune system, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases.5. The Importance of Mental Health6. The Hazards of SmokingSmoking is a harmful habit that has numerous detrimental effects on health. It increases the risk of lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory diseases. It also affects the health of those exposed to second-hand smoke. Quitting smoking is crucial for improving overall health and reducing these risks.7. The Impact of Technology and Screen Time on Health8. The role of Sleep in Maintaining HealthAdequate sleep is vital for good health. It helps in the repair and rejuvenation of the body's cells, enhances cognitive function, and boosts overall well-being. Poor sleep quality and insufficient sleep have been linked to numerous health problems including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.9. The Importance of HydrationStaying adequately hydrated is essential for maintaining optimal health. Water plays a crucial role in various bodily functions such as digestion, absorption, and circulation. It helps regulate body temperature, lubricate joints, and remove waste products. It is important to drink enough water throughout the day to prevent dehydration.10. The Role of Stress in HealthExcessive stress can have a negative impact on health. It can lead to physical symptoms such as headaches, muscle tension, and digestive problems. Chronic stress is also associated with an increased risk of mental health disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Adopting stress management techniques such as exercise, meditation, and maintaining a healthy work-life balance is crucial for overall well-being.11. Maintaining a Healthy Work-Life BalanceFinding a balance between work and personal life is essential for good health. Overworking and neglecting personal time can lead to burnout, increased stress levels, and various health problems. Settingboundaries, prioritizing self-care, and finding time for hobbies and relaxation are crucial for maintaining a healthy work-life balance.12. The Benefits of Regular Check-ups and Preventive CareRegular check-ups and preventive care are important for maintaining good health. They help in early detection and prevention of diseases, ensuring timely treatment. Routine screenings, vaccinations, and health assessments can help individuals take proactive steps towards protecting their health.13. The Benefits of Maintaining a Healthy WeightMaintaining a healthy weight is beneficial for overall health. Obesity is linked to many health problems, including diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. By adopting a balanced diet and regular exercise, individuals can achieve and maintain a healthy weight, reducing the risk of these diseases.14. The Importance of Physical and Mental Well-being in EducationPhysical and mental well-being are closely linked to educational success. Healthy students have better cognitive abilities, improved concentration, and increased motivation to learn. Schools should prioritize creating a supportive and healthy environment that encourages healthy habits in students.15. The Positive Impact of a Healthy Lifestyle on SocietyEmbracing a healthy lifestyle not only benefits individuals but also has a positive impact on society as a whole. It reduces the burden on healthcare systems, increases productivity, and promotes overall well-being. When individuals prioritize their health, they contribute to a healthier and happier society.In conclusion, maintaining good health is essential for a fulfilling and successful life. By adopting healthy habits and taking proactivesteps towards physical and mental well-being, individuals can enhance their quality of life and contribute to the betterment of society.希望以上内容能够帮到你，如有其他需求，请随时告诉我。
抗癌厨房作文800字
抗癌厨房作文800字英文回答:Cancer is a devastating disease that affects millions of people worldwide. As someone who has witnessed the impact of cancer on loved ones, I understand the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and incorporatingcancer-fighting foods into my diet. In this essay, I will discuss the concept of an "anti-cancer kitchen" and how it can help prevent and combat cancer.First and foremost, it is essential to understand that a healthy diet plays a crucial role in cancer prevention. Numerous studies have shown that certain foods possessanti-cancer properties and can help reduce the risk of developing cancer. For example, fruits and vegetables, particularly those rich in antioxidants such as berries, leafy greens, and tomatoes, are known to have cancer-fighting properties. These foods are packed with vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals that help strengthen theimmune system and neutralize harmful free radicals in the body.Additionally, including whole grains in your diet can also contribute to cancer prevention. Whole grains such as brown rice, quinoa, and whole wheat are high in fiber and contain essential nutrients that promote overall health. Fiber helps regulate digestion, prevents constipation, and aids in the removal of toxins from the body. By maintaining a healthy digestive system, we can reduce the risk of developing certain types of cancer, such as colorectal cancer.Furthermore, incorporating lean proteins into your meals is crucial for a cancer-fighting kitchen. Foods such as fish, chicken, tofu, and beans are excellent sources of protein and contain essential amino acids that support cell growth and repair. It is important to choose lean protein sources to avoid excessive intake of saturated fats, which have been linked to an increased risk of certain cancers, such as breast and prostate cancer.In addition to these cancer-fighting foods, it is important to limit the consumption of processed foods, sugary beverages, and foods high in saturated fats. These foods not only contribute to weight gain and obesity, but they also increase the risk of developing various types of cancer. Instead, opt for healthier alternatives such as water, herbal teas, and homemade snacks made with natural ingredients.中文回答：抗癌厨房是一个非常重要的概念，它可以帮助我们预防和对抗癌症。
Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk_ a systematic review and meta-analysis
Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk:a systematic review and meta-analysis1–3Sarah F Brennan,Marie M Cantwell,Chris R Cardwell,Louiza S Velentzis,and Jayne V WoodsideABSTRACTBackground:Dietary patterns,which represent whole-diet and pos-sible food and nutrient interactions,have been linked to the risk of various cancers.However,the associations of these dietary patterns with breast cancer remain unclear.Objective:We critically appraised the literature and conducted meta-analyses to pool the results of studies to clarify the relation between dietary patterns and breast cancer risk.Design:MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for relevant ar-ticles that identified common dietary patterns published up to No-vember2009.Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios(ORs)comparing highest and lowest categories of dietary pattern scores and multi-variable-adjusted ORs for a20th-percentile increase in dietary pat-tern scores were combined by using random-effects meta-analyses. Results:Case-control and cohort studies were retrieved that iden-tified prudent/healthy(n=18),Western/unhealthy(n=17),and drinker(n=4)dietary patterns.There was evidence of a decrease in the risk of breast cancer in the highest compared with the lowest categories of prudent/healthy dietary patterns(OR=0.89;95%CI: 0.82,0.99;P=0.02)in all studies and in pooled cohort studies alone.An increase in the risk of breast cancer was shown for the highest compared with the lowest categories of a drinker dietary pattern(OR=1.21;95%CI:1.04,1.41;P=0.01).There was no evidence of a difference in the risk of breast cancer between the highest and the lowest categories of Western/unhealthy dietary pat-terns(OR=1.09;95%CI:0.98,1.22;P=0.12).Conclusion:The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that some dietary patterns may be associated with breast cancer risk.Am J Clin Nutr2010;91:1294–302.INTRODUCTIONBreast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in the United Kingdom and incidence continues to rise (1).Multiple risk factors for breast cancer such as family history, obesity,lactation,adult attained height,menstrual history,and reproductive history are well established but are generally dif-ficult to modify(2–5,16).A substantial amount of research(6–15)has explored the influence of diet,a modifiable risk factor on breast cancer risk, and it is estimated that approximately one-third of cases could be prevented by dietary modification,whereas20%can be attrib-utable to consuming 2alcoholic drinks/d.This highlights the theoretical scope for the prevention of this disease through be-havior modification.The majority of research has focused on the effect of individual foods and nutrients,but according to the World Cancer Research Fund(WCRF)report(16),convincing evidence has only been shown for high alcohol consumption.From an epidemiologic perspective,foods and nutrients are never eaten in isolation and their effects are likely to interact(8).This has led to the adoption of a more holistic approach to dietthat is implemented by the identification of patterns of dietary intake that aim to represent the complex interaction between foods and nutrients and avoid confounding effects,which may mask true associations.Many studies(17–21)used factor analysis or principal com-ponent analysis to derive dietary patterns.These statistical techniques aggregate variables into factors that represent the broad eating patterns of the population being studied.With theuse of this approach,associations were observed between dietary patterns and the risk of renal,gastric,and colorectal cancers and coronary heart disease(17–21).The WCRF2007report con-cluded that nofirm judgments could be made on any possible relation between dietary patterns and the risk of cancer(16).Asnew studies have been published in this area,the aim of this systematic review was to critically appraise the literature pub-lished to date and to conduct meta-analyses to pool the results of studies to clarify the association between dietary patterns and breast cancer risk.METHODSStudy selectionAn electronic literature search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE(US National Library of Medicine,Bethesda,MD)and EMBASE(Reed Elsevier PLC,Amsterdam,Netherlands)to identify human studies written in the English language and published up to November2009that included the following1From the Nutrition and Metabolism Group(SFB and JVW)and the Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group(MMC and CRC), Centre for Public Health,Queen’s University Belfast,Royal Victoria Hos-pital,Belfast,United Kingdom,and the Department of Surgery,Breast Can-cer Research Group,University College London,London,United Kingdom (LSV).2Funded by a PhD studentship(to SFB)from the Department of Employ-ment and Learning,Northern Ireland.3Address correspondence to SF Brennan,Postgraduate Office02031,In-stitute of Pathology,Royal Victoria Hospital Site,Grosvenor Road,BelfastBT126BJ,United Kingdom.E-mail:sbrennan19@.Received October9,2009.Accepted for publication January31,2010.First published online March10,2010;doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28796.by guest on June 20, 2014Downloaded fromkeywords or phrases:breast,breast neoplasms,cancer,carci-noma,diet,dietary,human,mammary,neoplasms,patterns,risk,and tumo(u)r.Three independent reviewers read the abstracts of the articles retrieved in the initial search to identify studies that examined diet and breast cancer risk.All reviewers agreed on the relevant articles,and the full-text versions of the articles were reviewed to identify studies that examined food and/or dietary patterns by factor analysis and/or principal component analysis (as opposed to nutrients).Only studies that reported risk estimates [hazards ratios,odds ratios (ORs),and relative risks]of breast cancer and measures of variability (SEs or 95%CIs from which these could be derived)were included.To minimize error,only the most common patterns of dietary consumption were identified from the remaining articles,and the authors ensured that the selected dietary patterns were similar with regard to factor loadings of foods most commonly consumed within those dietary patterns.For example,studies that identified a Western/unhealthy dietary pattern tended to have high loadings of foods such as red and/or processed meats,refined grains,potatoes,sweets,and high-fat dairy.Prudent/healthy dietary pat-terns tended to have high loadings of foods such as fruit,vege-tables,poultry,fish,low-fat dairy,and whole grains,and drinker dietary patterns tended to have high loadings of wines,beers,and spirits.Studies that identified dietary patterns with similar loadings of the foods common to the Western/unhealthy,prudent/healthy,and drinker patterns but were named differently were also in-cluded.In total,18studies,3of which were from one article (22),met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analyses.Data extractionInformation extracted from each study included geographic region and design,sample size,duration of follow-up,dietary assessment method,method of identifying and naming dietary patterns,the number of cancer cases,risk estimates with CIs,and factors that were adjusted for in the analysis.Statistical analysesThe original studies reported the results of dietary patterns in terms of quintiles,quartiles,or tertiles of dietary factor scores and breast cancer risk.Therefore,to combine the results,a meta-analysis was conducted in which we evaluated the risk of breast cancer in women in highest compared with lowest categories of prudent/healthy,Western/unhealthy,and drinker dietary patterns.In addition,the linear increase in breast cancer risk per percentile increase in dietary pattern was estimated by conducting a re-gression of the adjusted ORs in the categories of dietary patterns against the average percentile in each category where possible by using the methods of Greenland and Longnecker and otherwise using variance-weighted least-squares linear regression (23).This linear increase was converted to an estimate for a 20th-percentile increase in dietary pattern score.Multivariable ad-justed hazards ratios,ORs,and relative risks with 95%CIs from individual studies were weighted and combined to produce an overall OR.Random-effects models were used for the analysis.Heterogeneity was tested with a chi-square test and measured by using the I 2statistic (24).Each study’s estimate and SE was used to produce a forest plot that gave a pooled estimate.Publication bias was assessed by a funnel plot and Begg’s and Egger’s tests Subgroup analyses were conducted for the following studies:case-control and cohort studies;North American,Canadian,and European studies;studies from other countries;studies that reported on prudent/healthy and Western/unhealthy patterns;studies in which patterns were named differently (eg,pork,processed meat,and potatoes;beef/pork-starch;and vegetable-fish/poultry-fruit);studies including menopausal status (where estimates were provided);studies that used diet histories;studies that used food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs);studies adjusted for energy intake;and studies unadjusted for energy intake.Statistical analyses were conducted with Intercooled STATA version 9.2(2005;StataCorp,College Station,TX).RESULTSInclusionThe initial search identified 73potential articles,of which 38articles were excluded because they did not examine diet and breast cancer.Of the 35articles that remained (for a list of all 35articles that were considered in detail,see supplemental material under “Supplemental data”in the online issue),the following articles were excluded:2articles (26,27)that were identified twice,2reviews (28,29),an invited commentary (30),2studies (31,32)that looked at breast cancer survival as opposed to risk,and 2studies (33,34)that looked at breast density as opposed to cancer risk.An additional 9articles were excluded because they did not use dietary patterns that were derived by factor analysis and/or principal components analysis (35–43),and one article was excluded because it used a combination of factor analysis and cluster analysis and could not be used in our analyses (44).Sixteen articles (22,45–59)[one article (22)that reported on 3studies]identified prudent/healthy,Western/unhealthy,and/or drinker or similar dietary patterns and thus were included in the analyses (Table 1).Western/unhealthy dietary patternThe association between highest compared with lowest cat-egories of intake of Western/unhealthy dietary patterns and breast cancer risk for all studies is shown in Figure 1.When all studies were combined,there was no evidence of a difference in the risk of breast cancer for women in the highest category compared with lowest category (OR =1.09;95%CI:0.98,1.22;P =0.11).The heterogeneity was most apparent in the case-control studies (P 0.000,I 2=63%),where an increase in the risk of breast cancer was shown (OR =1.31;95%CI:1.05;1.63;P =0.02).In the cohort studies,there was less evidence of heterogeneity (P =0.13,I 2=35%),but there was no evidence of a difference in the risk of breast cancer (OR =0.99;95%CI:0.90,1.08;P =0.82).Similar results were observed for all studies per 20th-percentile increase in intake of the Western/unhealthy dietary pattern (OR =1.02;95%CI:0.99,1.04;P =0.08)with evidence of heterogeneity (P 0.000),where an increase in the risk of breast cancer was shown among case-control studies (OR =1.06,95%CI:1.01,1.11,P =0.02)with no difference detected between cohort studies.Prudent/healthy dietary patternThere was evidence of a decrease in risk of breast cancer in the DIETARY PATTERNS AND BREAST CANCER RISK 1295by guest on June 20, 2014Downloaded fromTABLE 1Descriptions of the studies included in the systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary patterns and breast cancer risk 1Study Location DesignSample sizeDiet-assessmentmethod Dietary patterns identified Factors adjusted for in analyses (multivariable)nTerry et al,2001(45)SwedenCohort (9.6)261,463(1328cases)Food-frequency questionnaire (67;past 6mo)3Western;healthy;drinkerAge,energy intake,BMI,education,family history,parity,age at first birthSieri et al 2004,(46)ItalyCohort (9.5)28984(207cases)Food-frequency questionnaire (107;past year)3Salad vegetable;Western;canteen;prudentAge,energy intake,education,parity,height,age at menarche,smoking,menopausal statusAdebamowo et al,2005(47)United StatesCohort (8)290,638(710cases)Food-frequency questionnaire [133(1991);142(1995);past year]3Prudent;Western Age at menarche,parity,age atfirst birth,family history of breast cancer,history of benign breast disease,oral contraceptive use,alcohol intake,energy intake,current BMI,height,smoking habit,physical activity and multivitamin useFung et al,2005(48)United StatesCohort (16)271,058(3026cases)Food-frequency questionnaire (116;past year)3Prudent;Western Age,smoking status,BMI,multivitamin use,energy intake,physical activity,family history of breast cancer,history of benign breast disease,duration of and age at menopause,use of hormone replacement therapy,age at menarche,parity,age at first birth,BMI at 18y of age,weight change since 18y of age,height,alcohol intakeMa ¨nnisto ¨et al,2005(22)Netherlands (NLCS)Cohort (7)21,598(1127cases)Food-frequency questionnaire (150;past year)3Vegetable;pork,processed meat,and potatoesAge,BMI,height,education,smoking,family history of breast cancer,age at menarche,age atmenopause,age at first birth,ever use of oral contraceptive,ever use of hormone replacement therapy,alcohol intake,energyItaly (ORDET)Cohort (9)210,788(212cases)Food-frequency questionnaire (107;past year)3Age,BMI,height,education,smoking,family history of breast cancer,ever use of oral contraceptive,ever use of hormone replacement therapy,alcohol intake and energySweden (SMC)Cohort (13)266,651(1932cases)Food-frequency questionnaire (67;past 6mo)3Age,BMI,education,family history of breast cancer,age at first birth,parity,alcohol intake and energy Nkondjock and Ghadirian,2005(49)Canada Case-control414breastcancer cases/429controlsFood-frequency questionnaire (985;2y before diagnosis,corresponding time for controls)3Chocolate-cereal;pork and processedmeat;drinkerTotal energy intake,family history of cancer,marital status,physical activity,smoking,BMI,age (at first full-term pregnancy for breast cancer),history of benign breast disease,full-term pregnanciesVelie et al,2005(50)United StatesCohort (8)240,559(1868cases)Food-frequency questionnaire (61;past year)3Vegetable-fish/poultry-fruit;beef-pork starch;traditional SouthernAge,total energy intake,education,family history of breast cancer,BMI,height,parity,age at first live birth,age at menarche,menopausal hormone use,average weekday vigorous physical activity,smoking status,alcohol intake1296BRENNAN ET ALby guest on June 20, 2014Downloaded fromTABLE1(Continued)Study Location Design SamplesizeDiet-assessmentmethodDietary patternsidentifiedFactors adjusted forin analyses(multivariable) nRonco et al, 2006(51)Uruguay Case-control442cases/442controlsFood-frequencyquestionnaire(64;usual intake)3Traditional;healthy;Western;stew;high-fat;drinkerAge,residence,urban/ruralstatus,education,familyhistory of breast canceramongfirst-degreerelatives,menopausalstatus,age at menarche,parity,total energy intakeCui et al, 2007(52)Shanghai Case-control1446cases/1549controlsFood-frequencyquestionnaire(76;past5y)3Vegetable-soy;meat-sweetAge,total energy,familyhistory of breast cancer,history offibroadenoma,age at menarche,livebirths,age atfirst live birth,menopausal status,age atmenopause,physicalactivity during the past10y,waist-hip ratio,educationHirose et al, 2007(53)Japan Case-control1885cases/22,333controlsFood-frequencyquestionnaire[13dietfactors,17fooditems;1y beforediagnosis/interview(controls)]3Prudent;fatty;Japanese;saltyAge,visit year,motivation,BMI,menopausal status,parity,age atfirst full-termpregnancy,age atmenarche,smoking,drinking,family history ofbreast cancer,exerciseEdefonti et al, 2008(54)Italy Case-control2569BC and1031OC/3413controlsFood-frequencyquestionnaire[78;2y before diagnosis/hospital admission(controls)]3Animal products;vitamins andfiber;unsaturated fats;starch-richAge,education,parity,menopausal status,geographic area,BMI,history of female cancers,history of digestivecancers,energy intakeMurtaugh et al, 2008(55)United States Case-control757cases/867controls(Hispanic);1524cases/1598controls(non-Hispanic)Diet-historyQuestionnaire(computerized-intervieweradministered)Western;prudent;native Mexican;Mediterranean;dieterAge,center,education,familyhistory of breast cancer,smoking,total activity,calories,dietaryfiber,dietary calcium,height,parity,recent hormoneexposure,BMI,interactionof recent hormoneexposure and BMIWu et al, 2009(56)United States Case-control1248cases/1148controlsFood-frequencyquestionnaire(174;usual intake)3Western-meat/starch;ethnic-meat/starch;vegetable-soyAge,Asian ethnicity,education,birthplace,yearsof residence in the UnitedStates,years of physicalactivity,marital status,parity,age at menarche,type of menopause,age atmenopause,recent BMICottet et al, 2009(57)France Cohort63,374(2381cases)Diet-historyquestionnaireAlcohol/Western;healthy/MediterraneanAge,education,region atbaseline,BMI,height,family history of breastcancer,age at menarche,age atfirst full-termpregnancy,number of livebirths,menopausalhormone therapy,history ofbenign breast disease,lobular carcinoma in situ,oral contraceptive use,breastfeeding history,frequency of Papanicolaoutesting,physical activity,smoking status,energyintake excluding alcoholintake,use ofphytoestrogen supplement,use of vitamin/mineralsupplementsDIETARY PATTERNS AND BREAST CANCER RISK1297by guest on June 20, 2014Downloaded fromhealthy pattern (Figure 2)when all studies were combined (OR =0.89;95%CI:0.82,0.99;P =0.02).Among case-control studies only,there was more evidence of heterogeneity (P =0.000,I 2=85%)and no evidence of an association with disease risk (OR =0.84;95%CI:0.67,1.05;P =0.12).In cohort studies,there was less evidence of heterogeneity,(P =0.51,I 2=0%),and a small decrease in risk of breast cancer was shown (OR =0.93;95%CI:0.88,0.98;P =0.01).In sensitivity analyses,per 20th-percentile increase in intake of the prudent/healthy dietary pattern,no evidence of a difference in risk was shown when all studies were combined (OR =0.98;95%CI:0.96,1.00;P =0.07)or for case-control studies (OR =0.96;95%CI:0.92,1.02;P =0.23)or cohort studies (OR =0.99;95%CI:0.97,1.00;P =0.08).Drinker dietary patternFour studies (45,49,51,59)identified a drinker dietary pattern (Figure 3),and when intakes in the highest compared with the lowest categories were combined,an increase in the risk of breast cancer was shown (OR =1.21;95%CI:1.04,1.41;P =0.01).The studies showed no evidence of heterogeneity (P =0.32,I 2=15%).Publication biasFunnel plots revealed little evidence of asymmetry (not shown)and therefore little evidence of publication bias (highest com-pared with lowest categories:Western/unhealthy Begg’s test P =0.509;prudent/healthy Begg’s test P =0.649;and drinker Begg’s test P =0.423).Sensitivity analysesWhen results were analyzed by removing non-American,non-Canadian,and non–European Union studies (51–53,59),studies (22,49,50,52–54,56)that named patterns differently to prudent/unadjusted for energy intake,no difference in the risk of breast cancer for those in highest compared with lowest categories of prudent/healthy and Western/unhealthy patterns was detected.Similarly,when studies were analyzed by menopausal status,no difference in risk of breast cancer was shown for any of the dietary patterns.When the 2studies (55,57)that used diet histories as opposed to FFQs were removed,the decrease in risk of breast cancer that was shown for high compared with low categories of the intake of a prudent/healthy dietary pattern remained (OR =0.87;95%CI:0.78,0.95;P =0.003),whereas no evidence of a difference in risk of breast cancer was shown for the intake of the Western/unhealthy dietary pattern.DISCUSSIONTo the best of our knowledge,this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of breast cancer and dietary patterns.The results indicate that a prudent dietary pattern may decrease breast cancer risk,and a drinker dietary pattern may increase breast cancer risk.When the WCRF report was published in 2007,it was judged that there was insufficient evidence to reach a conclusion about the effect that dietary patterns have on breast cancer risk (16).However,11of the 18studies included in our analyses (22,45,49,52–59)were published subsequent to the WCRF 2007report.In our analyses,a prudent/healthy dietary pattern was asso-ciated with a small decrease in the risk of breast cancer when the results of all studies were pooled,and this inverse association remained when the results of cohort studies alone were pooled.The prudent/healthy dietary patterns included in our analyses had high-factor loadings for plant foods and low-factor loadings for red and processed meat,which is a diet advocated by the WCRF to reduce cancer risk (16).However there are limitations to this type of analysis because the factor loadings for individual foods TABLE 1(Continued )StudyLocation Design Sample sizeDiet-assessmentmethod Dietary patterns identified Factors adjusted for in analyses (multivariable)nAgurs-Collins et al,2009(58)United StatesCohort50,778(1094cases)Food-frequency questionnaireWestern;prudentAge,BMI,alcohol intake,education,age atmenarche,parity,age at first birth,family history of breast cancer,strenuous physical activity,energy intake,menopausal status,smoking status,female hormone useDe Stefani et al,2009(59)Uruguay Case-control461cases/2532controls Food-frequency questionnairePrudent;drinker;traditional;WesternAge,residence,urban/rural status,education,BMI,smoking status,years since stopping smoking,number of cigarettes/d among current smokers,total energy intake,main food groups for the individual dietary patterns1NLCS,Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer;ORDET,Ormoni e Dieta nella Eziologia dei Tumori;SMC,Swedish Mammography Cohort;BC,breast cancer cases;OC,ovarian cancer cases.2Follow-up years in parentheses.3Number of food items and reference period in parentheses.1298BRENNAN ET ALby guest on June 20, 2014Downloaded fromstudies,resulting in misclassification error.Even modest amounts of measurement error can have a dramatic effect on measures of disease risk,and it is possible that the small inverse association shown is due to a combination of dietary measurement error and misclassification of women into categories of dietary pattern.FFQs were used to assess dietary intake in the majority of studies (22,45–54,58,59),and diet histories were used in 2studies (55,57).In a sensitivity analysis of studies that used a FFQ to collect dietary data,the inverse association between a prudent/healthy dietary pattern and breast cancer risk remained.The results of the 2studies that used a diet history to assess dietary intake did not show an association with breast cancer risk.As discussed by Bingham et al (60)and Freedman et al (61),studies that used FFQs to assess intake did not detect relations between fat intake and breast cancer risk,whereas studies that used food diaries and diet histories,both which are superior methods of dietary assessment,did detect a relations between fat intake and breast cancer risk.Indeed,calibration studies (62,63)comparing FFQ data to criteria measures of total energy ex-penditure or protein intake identified substantial amounts of random and systematic variability.Therefore,it is possible that any association shown in this analysis was attenuated toward the null as a result of nondifferential misclassification.A drinker dietary pattern was associated with an increase in the risk of breast cancer,which is in agreement with the WCRF established dietary risk factor for breast cancer.It was hypoth-esized that an increased alcohol consumption can lead to higher estrogen concentrations because of decreased metabolic clear-ance and/or increased secretion and can improve the permeability of membranes to carcinogens and inhibit their detoxification (64,65).No overall association was shown for a Western/unhealthy dietary pattern and breast cancer risk in our analyses.However,in a sensitivity analysis that included the results of case-control studies only,a Western/unhealthy dietary pattern was positively associated with a breast cancer risk for women in highest compared with lowest categories of dietary pattern and per the 20th-percentile increase in intake.However,a recall bias of dietary intake is always a possibility with case-control studies,and the results should be viewed with caution.The WCRF (16)supports a low consumption of red and processed meats,which have high loadings in a Western/un-healthy dietary pattern,and therefore,the lack of an association between this dietary pattern and breast cancer risk was surprising,although there was a large degree of heterogeneity between studies,which was most evident among case-control studies.Although we matched factor loadings as closely as possible between studies,the actual factor loading for the same food within the same dietary pattern was never identical between studies.It is also likely that other variables that could not beFIGURE 1.A,B:Forest plot of the highest compared with the lowest categories of intake of the Western/unhealthy dietary pattern and breast cancer risk.NLC,Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer;ORD,Ormoni e Dieta nella Eziologia dei Tumori;SMC,Swedish Mammography Cohort.DIETARY PATTERNS AND BREAST CANCER RISK 1299by guest on June 20, 2014Downloaded frommay be culturally related and may differ by ethnicity.We were unable to perform a sensitivity analysis by ethnic group because the point estimates were not provided in the original articles.There are potential limitations to our meta-analysis;the pooled findings are directly driven by the included studies,which have their own strengths and weaknesses in terms of study design.In addition,there was a different response rate and inconsistent adjustment for potential confounders among the included studies.Only some of the studies (22,45–48,52,56)included in our analyses provided crude estimates of risk,and differences did exist between these and multivariable adjusted estimates.In addition,in the included studies,only single time-point measurements of dietary patterns were examined,and these do not account for changes in diet over time.These changes may be especially relevant to cancer development because dietary pat-terns in childhood and adolescence were associated with an early onset of menarche,which is an early risk factor for breast In the studies reviewed,it is also possible that there may have been a misclassification within the 3dietary patterns identified.Factor analysis and/or principal component analysis are sub-jective techniques with opportunities for variation at almost every step (eg,a variation in the number and type of dietary patterns derived within each study and categories of dietary patterns score)(67–72).To minimize the risk of bias,the authors selected only the most commonly identified dietary patterns across studies and ensured,as far as possible,that the dietary patterns were similar with regard to factor loadings of foods most commonly consumed,a method that was used by another systematic review (73)that yielded significant associations between prudent and Western dietary patterns and risk of coronary heart disease.Despite the opportunity for variation in the factor analysis and or principal component analysis,reasonable reproducibility was reported when dietary patterns derived from FFQs and thoseFIGURE 2.A,B:Forest plot of the highest compared with the lowest categories of intake of the prudent/healthy dietary pattern and breast cancer risk.NLC,Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer;ORD,Ormoni e Dieta nella Eziologia dei Tumori;SMC,Swedish Mammography Cohort.1300BRENNAN ET ALby guest on June 20, 2014Downloaded from。
health diet 英语作文六年级
health diet 英语作文六年级A Healthy Diet。
A healthy diet is essential for maintaining good health and preventing diseases. It provides the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals that our body needs to function properly. In this article, we will explore the importance of a healthy diet and provide tips on how to achieve it.Firstly, a healthy diet helps to maintain a healthy weight. It is important to consume the right amount of calories to prevent weight gain or obesity. A balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help to achieve this. It is also important to limit the consumption of sugary drinks, processed foods, and high-fat snacks.Secondly, a healthy diet can improve our overall physical health. It reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables provides us with antioxidants that help to protect our cells from damage. Whole grains are rich in fiber, which aids in digestion and prevents constipation. Lean proteins, such as fish, poultry, and beans, provide essential amino acids for muscle growth and repair.Furthermore, a healthy diet has a positive impact on our mental health. Studies have shown that certain nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish and nuts, can improve brain function and reduce the risk of mental disorders. Additionally, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains provides the necessary vitamins and minerals that support brain health and enhance mood.In order to achieve a healthy diet, it is important to make smart food choices. Start by incorporating more fruits and vegetables into your meals. Aim for at least five servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Choose whole grains such as brown rice, whole wheat bread, and oats instead of refined grains. Opt for lean proteins like chicken, fish, tofu, andbeans. Limit the consumption of processed foods, sugary drinks, and snacks high in saturated fats and added sugars.It is also important to practice portion control. Be mindful of the quantity of food you consume and avoid overeating. Listen to your body's hunger and fullness cues. Eat slowly and savor each bite. Avoid eating in front of the television or while using electronic devices, as this can lead to mindless eating.In addition to making healthy food choices, it is important to stay hydrated. Drink plenty of water throughout the day and limit the consumption of sugary drinks. Water helps to flush out toxins from our body and keeps our skin healthy and hydrated.Lastly, it is important to be consistent with your healthy eating habits. Make it a lifestyle rather than a temporary diet. Find healthy recipes that you enjoy and incorporate them into your meal plans. Seek support from family and friends who have similar goals. Remember, small changes can lead to big results.In conclusion, a healthy diet is crucial for maintaining good health. It helps to maintain a healthy weight, improves physical and mental health, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases. By making smart food choices, practicing portion control, and staying hydrated, we can achieve a healthy diet and lead a healthier life. Remember, you are what you eat!。
我们要保持健康的饮食英语
我们要保持健康的饮食英语Maintaining a healthy diet is essential for overallwell-being. A balanced diet can provide us with energy, help us maintain a healthy weight, and protect us from various diseases. In this article, we will discuss some tips for healthy eating.Firstly, it is important to include a variety of foods in our diet. This means consuming a range of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Each food group provides us with different nutrients and benefits, and by eating a range of foods, we can ensure that we are getting all the necessary nutrients.Secondly, we should limit our intake of processed and sugary foods. These foods are often high in calories, fat, and sugar but low in nutrients. Consuming too much of these types of foods can lead to weight gain and increase the risk of diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers.Thirdly, we should aim to drink enough water every day. Water is essential for our bodies to function properly and helps to keep us hydrated. Drinking water can also help us to feel full, which can prevent overeating.Fourthly, we should pay attention to portion sizes. We should aim to eat until we are satisfied, not until we are overly full. This can help us to maintain a healthy weight and prevent overeating.Lastly, we should try to cook more meals at home. This allows us to control what ingredients we are using and canhelp us to make healthier choices. Eating out or getting takeout can often lead to consuming more calories, sodium, and unhealthy fats.In conclusion, maintaining a healthy diet is essential for overall health and well-being. By including a variety of foods in our diet, limiting processed and sugary foods, drinking enough water, paying attention to portion sizes, and cooking more meals at home, we can make healthier choices and protect ourselves from diseases.。
癌症密码英文版
癌症密码英文版English: Cancer is a complex and multifaceted disease that affects various parts of the body. It occurs when abnormal cells in the body grow and divide uncontrollably, forming a mass of tissue called a tumor. There are over 100 different types of cancer, each with its own set of characteristics and treatment approaches. The exact causes of cancer are still not fully understood, but certain risk factors such as genetic mutations, exposure to carcinogenic substances, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and certain infections have been identified. Cancer can cause a range of symptoms depending on its type and stage, including fatigue, unintended weight loss, pain, changes in the skin, and difficulties with bodily functions. In many cases, cancer can be diagnosed through various tests such as imaging scans, laboratory analysis of bodily fluids and tissues, and biopsies. Treatment options for cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy, or a combination of these approaches. The choice of treatment depends on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Although the diagnosis of cancer can be devastating, advancements in medical research andtechnology have significantly improved survival rates and quality of life for many cancer patients. In addition to medical intervention, supportive care and lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, stress management, and emotional support play crucial roles in the overall management of cancer. Early detection through regular screenings and awareness about the importance of risk factor modification are key factors in reducing the burden of cancer. Ongoing research efforts aim to better understand the molecular mechanisms of cancer, develop novel therapeutic approaches, and improve prevention and early detection strategies.中文翻译：癌症是一种复杂多样的疾病，可影响身体的各个部位。
四级2023年6月真题第一套
四级2023年6月真题第一套1. 听力理解长对话对话1题目： What does the man feel about the weather?A. Worried.B. Excited.C. Surprised.听力材料：M: We’ve been having a lot of rain lately, haven’t we?W: Yeah, we have. But I don’t mind it. I like the rain. It’s nice for a change.解析：这段对话中，男人和女人谈论起最近的天气。
从女人的回答中可以推断出，男人对于最近的天气持积极的态度，因此答案为B. Excited.对话2题目： What will the man do this weekend?A. Attend a meeting.B. Go on a trip.C. Work at home.听力材料：M: Do you have any plans for the weekend?W: Yes, I’m going out of town. I’m atte nding a meeting in another city.解析：这段对话中，男人询问女人对于周末是否有什么计划，女人回答说自己要出城参加一个会议。
因此，男人的周末计划是出城参加会议，答案为A. Attend a meeting.短文理解题目： What does the speaker suggest about time management?A. It requires careful planning.B. It is necessary only for busy people.C. It should be flexible.听力材料：Long gone are the days when students had plenty of time to do whatever they wanted. Nowadays, time management is a crucial skill that everyone should possess. Whether you are a working professional, a student, or a homemaker, managing your time effectively can help you achieve your goals and reduce stress. Proper time management involves setting clear goals, prioritizing tasks, and being disciplined enough to stickto your schedule. It requires careful planning and organization. However, it is also important to be flexible and adapt your schedule as needed. With the right strategies, anyone can master the art of time management and make the most out of their day.解析：这段短文讨论了时间管理的重要性以及如何进行时间管理。
Unit 2 Diet全新版大学英语综合教程五课文翻译
Unit 2 DietText A Let's Go Veggie!1 If there was a single act that would improve your health, cut your risk of food-borne illnesses, and help preserve the environment and the welfare of millions of animals, would you do it?2 The act I'm referring to is the choice you make every time you sit down to a meal.3 More than a million Canadians have already acted: They have chosen to not eat meat. And the pace of change has been dramatic.4 Vegetarian food sales are showing unparalleled growth. Especially popular are meat-free burgers and hot dogs, and the plant-based cuisines of India, China, Mexico, Italy and Japan.5 Fuelling the shift toward vegetarianism have been the health recommendations of medical research. Study after study has uncovered the same basic truth: Plant foods lower your risk of chronic disease; animal foods increase it.6 The American Dietetic Association says: "Scientific data suggest positive relationships between a vegetarian diet and reduced risk for several chronic degenerative diseases."7 This past fall, after reviewing 4,500 studies on diet and cancer, the World Cancer Research Fund flatly stated: "We've been running the human biological engine on the wrong fuel."8 This "wrong fuel" has helped boost the cost of degenerative disease in Canada to an estimated $400 billion a year, according to Bruce Holub, a professor of nutritional science at the University of Guelph.9 Animal foods have serious nutritional drawbacks: They are devoid of fiber, contain far too much saturated fat and cholesterol, and may even carry traces of hormones, steroids and antibiotics. It makes little difference whether you eat beef, pork, chicken or fish.10 Animal foods are also gaining notoriety as breeding grounds for E. coli, campylobacter and other bacteria that cause illness. According to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, six out of ten chickens are infected with salmonella. It's like playing Russian roulette with your health.11 So why aren't governments doing anything about this? Unfortunately, they have bowed to pressure from powerful lobby groups such as the Beef Information Center, the Canadian Egg Marketing Agency and the Dairy Farmers of Canada. According to documents retrieved through the Freedom of Information Act, these groups forcedchanges to Canada's latest food guide before it was released in 1993.12 This should come as no surprise: Even a minor reduction in recommended intakes of animal protein could cost these industries billions of dollars a year.13 While health and food safety are compelling reasons for choosing a vegetarian lifestyle, there are also larger issues to consider. Animal-based agriculture is one of the most environmentally destructive industries on the face of the Earth.14 Think for a moment about the vast resources required to raise, feed, shelter, transport, process and package the 500 million Canadian farm animals slaughtered each year. Water and energy are used at every step of the way. Alberta Agriculture calculates that it takes 10 to 20 times more energy to produce meat than to produce grain.15 Less than a quarter of our agricultural land is used to feed people directly. The rest is devoted to grazing and growing food for animals. Ecosystems of forest, wetland and grassland have been decimated to fuel the demand for land. Using so much land heightens topsoil loss, the use of harsh fertilizers and pesticides, and the need for irrigation water from dammed rivers. If people can shift away from meat, much of this land could be converted back to wilderness.16 The problem is that animals are inefficient at converting plants to edible flesh. It takes, for example, 8.4 kilograms of grain to produce one kilogram of pork, the U. S. government estimates.17 After putting so many resources into animals, what do we get out? Manure — at a rate of over 10,000 kilograms per second in Canada alone, according to the government. Environment Canada says cattle excrete 40 kilograms of manure for every kilogram of edible beef. A large egg factory can produce 50 to 100 tonnes of waste per week, the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture estimates.18 And where does it go? In the 1992 Ontario Groundwater Survey, 43 per cent of tested wells were contaminated with agricultural run-off containing fecal coliform bacteria and nitrates. Earlier this month, charges were laid against a large Alberta feedlot operator for dumping 30 million litres of cattle manure into the Bow River, "killing everything in its path," as a news story described it.19 And then there is methane, a primary contributing gas in global warming and ozone layer depletion. Excluding natural sources, 27 per cent of Canada's and 20 per cent of the world's methane comes from livestock.20 John Robbins, author of the Pulitzer prize-nominated book Diet for a New America (Group West), said it best when he stated: "Eating lower on the food chain is perhaps the most potent single act we can take to halt the destruction of our environmentand preserve our natural resources."21 Our environment also includes the animals killed for their meat. It has become an accepted fact that today's factory-farmed animals live short, miserable, unnatural lives.22 As part of my research at the University of Waterloo, I toured some of the country's largest "processing" plants. The experience has left me with recurring nightmares.23 I saw "stubborn" cows being beaten and squealing pigs chased around the killing floor with electric calipers.24 I looked on in utter shock as a cow missed the stun gun and was hoisted fully conscious upside down by its hind leg and cut to pieces, thrashing until its last breath.25 Noticing my shock, the foreman remarked: "Who cares? They're going to die anyway."26 Because it can cost hundreds of dollars per minute to stop the conveyor line, animal welfare comes second to profit. Over 150,000 animals are "processed" every hour of every working day in Canada, according to Agriculture Canada.27 The picture gets uglier still. En route to slaughter, farm animals may legally spend anywhere from 36 to 72 hours without food, water or rest. They're not even afforded the "luxury" of temperature controlled trucks in extreme summer heat or sub-zero cold.28 Agriculture Canada has estimated that more than 3 million Canadian farm animals die slow and painful deaths en route to slaughter each year.29 I've also visited typical Canadian farms. Gone are the days when piglets snorted and roosters strutted their way about the barnyard. Most of today's modernized farms have long, windowless sheds in which animals live like prisoners their entire lives. I have seen chickens crammed four to a cage, nursing pigs separated from their young by iron bars and veal calves confined to crates so narrow they couldn't turn around. Few of these animals ever experience sunlight or fresh air —and most of their natural urges are denied.30 Although it is difficult to face these harsh realities, it is even more difficult to ignore them. Three times a day, you make a decision that not only affects the quality of your life, but the rest of the living world. We hold in our knives and forks the power to change this world.31 Consider the words of Albert Einstein: "Nothing will benefit human health and increase the chances for survival of life on Earth as the Evolution to a vegetarian diet."32 Bon appetite.咱们吃素吧!如果有一件事，既能增进健康、减少患上食物引起的疾病的危险，又有助于保护环境、保护千万动物安全生存，你做不做？我说的这件事就是每次坐下来就餐时挑选菜肴。
膳食、营养与癌症Diet,nutrition,and cancer
碳水化物（carbohydrates）
无论是人群流行病学还是动物实验证据都很少， 还不足以明确碳水化物摄入量与癌症发生之间 的关系。
Hems研究（41个国家的人群资料）认为，精制 糖摄入量与乳腺癌发病有关。
Hakama和Saxen研究（16个国家的人群资料） 发现，胃癌死亡率和淀粉摄入量呈正相关。
膳食纤维（dietary fiber） 研究重点是膳食纤维摄入量与大肠癌发病的关系， 目前比较一致的观点是膳食纤维有助于降低大肠 癌的风险。
作用机制： ①膳食纤维使肠道致癌物得到稀释； ②缩短肠内容物停留时间，减少了致癌物与肠道 的接触时间；③影响致癌物（如胆酸）的生成； ④影响肠道菌丛的分布，改变了胆酸的成分。
锌（zinc）
Schrauzer(1977)估计了27个国家的食物摄入
量，发现锌摄入量与白血病、肠癌、乳腺癌、 前列腺癌和皮肤癌呈正相关。而其它一些研 究则认为锌摄入量低与食管癌发生有关。动 物实验结果也不一致。有些报告认为锌缺乏
抑制肿瘤生长，而也有报告认为锌缺乏增强
化学致癌物的作用。
其它矿物质 铜和铁的资料很少，碘被认为在缺乏时可增加 患甲状腺癌的危险，但证据不充足。钼主要是 中国的报告认为钼缺乏与食管癌有关。镉在职 业性接触下能引起肾和前列腺癌，但对在膳食 和饮水中镉的作用却报告不一。动物实验也未 发现饮水中镉有致癌作用，但皮下及肌肉注射 可致癌。砷已被证明对人有致癌作用，但目前 尚无动物模型。铅过多可引起动物发生癌症， 但缺乏流行病学证据。
接近移居国。如日本人移居美国夏威夷几代后，
其胃癌发病率下降，结肠癌发病率上升，逐渐
接近美国当地人水平，而这些移民的遗传特性 并未改变。
预防癌症的英文作文带翻译
预防癌症的英文作文带翻译英文：Cancer is a devastating disease that has affected the lives of countless individuals and families around the world. As someone who has witnessed the impact of cancer on loved ones, I believe that prevention is key in the fight against this terrible illness. There are many lifestyle changes and habits that can help reduce the risk of developing cancer, and I am committed to sharing this important information with others.First and foremost, maintaining a healthy diet and weight is crucial in cancer prevention. Eating a balanced diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can provide the body with essential nutrients and antioxidants that help protect against cancer. On the other hand, consuming processed and red meats, as well as sugary and fatty foods, has been linked to an increased risk of cancer. By making conscious choices about what we eat, wecan significantly lower our chances of developing this disease.In addition to diet, regular physical activity is also an important factor in cancer prevention. Engaging in regular exercise not only helps maintain a healthy weight, but it also boosts the immune system and reduces inflammation in the body, both of which are important in fighting off cancer. Personally, I make it a point to incorporate at least 30 minutes of exercise into my daily routine, whether it's going for a brisk walk, taking a yoga class, or going for a swim. It's not only good for my physical health, but it also helps me relieve stress and clear my mind.Furthermore, avoiding harmful habits such as smoking and excessive alcohol consumption is crucial in cancer prevention. Tobacco use is the single largest preventable cause of cancer, and quitting smoking can greatly reduce the risk of developing lung, throat, and other types of cancer. As for alcohol, excessive consumption has been linked to an increased risk of breast, liver, and othercancers. By making the decision to quit smoking and drink alcohol in moderation, we can significantly lower our risk of cancer.Lastly, staying up to date with regular screenings and check-ups is essential in early detection and prevention of cancer. Many types of cancer can be successfully treated if detected early, so it's important to schedule regular appointments with healthcare providers and undergo recommended screenings based on age and risk factors. Personally, I make sure to schedule my annual physical exams and screenings for breast and cervical cancer, as early detection can make a significant difference in treatment options and outcomes.In conclusion, I firmly believe that prevention is the best defense against cancer. By making healthy lifestyle choices, avoiding harmful habits, and staying proactive about screenings, we can significantly reduce our risk of developing this devastating disease. I am committed to spreading awareness about cancer prevention and empowering others to take control of their health.中文：癌症是一种毁灭性的疾病，影响了全世界无数个人和家庭的生活。
饮食与癌症英文作文
饮食与癌症英文作文Diet and CancerCancer is a disease that affects millions of people worldwide every year. While there are many factors that can contribute to the development of cancer, including genetics and environmental factors, diet is also believed to play a significant role.Research has shown that certain foods and dietary habits can either increase or decrease the risk of developing cancer. For example, a diet high in processed meats, red meats, and sugary beverages has been linked to an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer, such as colorectal cancer. On the other hand, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins has been shown to lower the risk of cancer.One of the key components of a cancer-fighting diet is antioxidants. Antioxidants are compounds that help protect the body from damage caused by harmful molecules called free radicals. Foods rich in antioxidants include berries, leafygreens, nuts, and seeds.In addition to antioxidants, fiber is also important for cancer prevention. Fiber helps to keep the digestive system healthy and can lower the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Foods high in fiber include whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables.It is important to note that while diet can play a role in cancer prevention, it is not a guarantee against developing the disease. Other factors, such as genetics and environmental exposure, also play a role in cancer development. However, making healthy dietary choices can help reduce the risk of cancer and improve overall health and well-being.In conclusion, a diet rich in antioxidants, fiber, and other cancer-fighting nutrients can help lower the risk of developing cancer. By making healthy dietary choices and incorporating more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins into your diet, you can take steps towards reducing your risk of cancer and improving your overall health.。
饮食不当可能会诱发多种疾病的英语作文
The Toll of Poor Eating Habits on HealthIn today's fast-paced world, people often neglect the importance of a balanced diet, opting instead for convenient yet nutritionally deficient foods. This disregard for dietary health can lead to a myriad of health issues that can significantly impact one's quality of life. From obesity and cardiovascular diseases to diabetes and certain types of cancer, the consequences of improper eating habits are far-reaching and often irreversible.One of the most immediate effects of an unbalanced diet is weight gain, which can lead to obesity. Obesity is not just a cosmetic concern; it is a serious health issue that can increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure. Processed foods, fast food, and sugary snacks are often high in calories and low in nutrients, providing empty calories without the essential vitamins and minerals the body needs.Heart disease is another common result of poor eating habits. A diet high in saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, reducing blood flow and increasing the risk ofheart attacks and strokes. A healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein can help lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.Type 2 diabetes is another common condition linked to improper eating habits. A diet high in sugar and processed carbohydrates can lead to insulin resistance, where thebody is unable to effectively use insulin to process glucose. This can lead to high blood sugar levels, whichcan damage organs and increase the risk of complications such as blindness, kidney disease, and heart disease.Cancer is also linked to dietary habits. While theexact role of diet in cancer development is complex,studies have shown that a diet high in processed meats, red meat, and foods containing preservatives and additives may increase the risk of certain types of cancer, including colon and stomach cancer. Conversely, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber may help protect against cancer.In addition to these severe health issues, poor eating habits can also lead to mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. A lack of essential nutrients canaffect brain function and mood, leading to feelings of fatigue, irritability, and lack of concentration.It is clear that the choices we make about what we eat have profound effects on our health and well-being. It is essential to make informed decisions about our diet and to prioritize the nutritional needs of our bodies. By adopting healthy eating habits, we can reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases and improve our overall quality of life. **饮食不当可能诱发多种疾病**在当今快节奏的生活中，人们常常忽视均衡饮食的重要性，转而选择方便但营养不足的食物。
不健康的食物对身体有害坏处英语作文
不健康的食物对身体有害坏处英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Harmful Effects of Unhealthy FoodsAs a student, I have to admit that I don't always make the best food choices. Between classes, studying, extracurricular activities, and hanging out with friends, it's easy to grab whatever is quick and convenient – often unhealthy fast food, sugary snacks, or heavily processed meals. However, over time, I've come to realize just how damaging an unhealthy diet can be, not just for my physical health, but my mental well-being and academic performance too.The most obvious impact of eating too many unhealthy foods is on our bodies. Diets high in saturated fats, salt, added sugars, and refined carbohydrates have been linked to numerous harmful conditions. Perhaps the most well-known is obesity, which dramatically increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Even for those at a normal weight, consuming too much sodium leads to high bloodpressure, while excess sugar intake is a major contributor to fatty liver disease.However, the effects of unhealthy eating go far beyond just physical appearances or chronic illnesses that may not develop for years or decades. The types of foods we eat have an immediate impact on our bodily functions and energy levels throughout the day. A diet loaded with greasy fried foods, sugary sodas and pastries triggers inflammation throughout the body and can leave you feeling sluggish and unfocused. Have you ever tried to power through a tough assignment after binging on pizza and ice cream? Low blood sugar crashes make it extremely difficult to concentrate.In contrast, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains and healthy fats like those found in nuts, seeds and avocados provides a steady supply of energy and nutrients for our bodies and brains to operate at peak condition. Complex carbs like oats and whole wheat bread cause a gradual rise in blood sugar rather than a spike and inevitable crash. We're able to stay alert and focused for longer periods. The antioxidants and beneficial plant compounds in colorful produce help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation that can impair cognitive function.For these reasons, studies have found that students who eat nutritious diets tend to have better memory, alertness, and faster information processing compared to peers with poor diets high in unhealthy fats and added sugars. In one study on kindergarten students, those who ate a diet patterned after the Mediterranean diet had better reading scores, word comprehension abilities, and scored higher on tests measuring cognitive flexibility and working memory versus children who ate more processed foods. Numerous studies on older students have found similar links between healthier eating and academic performance.The effects of an unhealthy diet also extend beyond just the classroom. For those of us involved in sports or other physical activities, eating poorly can severely hamper our endurance, strength, and recovery after training. Inflammation resulting from a diet heavy in fried foods, sugary beverages and refined carbs leads to fatigue and increased risk of injury. In contrast, a nutrient-dense diet provides our bodies with the protein to build and repair muscle tissue, the complex carbs for sustained energy, and the vitamins, minerals and antioxidants to protect our cells.As if the physical impacts weren't enough, unhealthy eating may also negatively impact our mental health as students. While stress is an unavoidable part of academic life, a diet of processed,nutrient-poor foods may amplify feelings of anxiety and depression. For example, diets high in added sugars and unhealthy fats have been linked to increased inflammation throughout the body, including the brain. This may disrupt the balance of neurotransmitters like serotonin that regulate mood. Sugar also causes dopamine spikes and crashes that can worsen symptoms of depression.In contrast, diets rich in nutrients like B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, zinc, magnesium and antioxidants have been found to have mental health-promoting effects. For instance, omega-3s from fish, walnuts, and supplements may help ease symptoms of depression by reducing inflammation and regulating neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine. The prebiotic fiber and nutrients in fruits and vegetables support a healthy and diverse gut microbiome, which communicates with the brain and impacts mood, motivation, and emotional processing.So while I will be the first to admit that consistently eating healthy, balanced meals as a busy student isn't always easy, it's clear that the harmful effects of a diet laden with unhealthy processed foods and lacking in nutrients is just not worth it. Not only does it put us at higher risk for obesity, heart disease, diabetes and other chronic illnesses down the road, it negativelyimpacts our body's ability to function at its full potential today. We feel sluggish, unfocused and moody – the opposite of how we need to be to succeed academically and in our extracurricular pursuits.While there's nothing wrong with the occasional indulgence, making more of an effort to cook simple, nutritious meals and keep healthy snacks on hand will ensure we're consistently fueling our bodies and minds with high-quality sources of protein, fiber, healthy fats, vitamins and minerals. This will help us stay energized, attentive and mentally resilient to deal with the stresses and challenges of student life. Our long-term health, academic success, athletic performance, and emotionalwell-being all depend on making more conscious, healthy choices about the foods we eat.篇2The Dangers of Unhealthy FoodsWe've all been there - craving something salty, greasy, or sweet, and just going for it without thinking too much about the consequences. Whether it's a bag of chips, a candy bar, or a burger and fries, unhealthy foods always seem to satisfy in the moment. But at what cost to our bodies?As students, we're told all the time about the importance of eating right and taking care of ourselves. Our teachers lecture us about making good choices, our parents nag us about not eating too much junk food, and those health class videos are pretty gross. But I think it's easy to tune it all out and think "It won't happen to me." Well, the reality is that the dangers of unhealthy foods are very real, and they can have seriously negative impacts, both immediately and long-term.First off, let's look at what exactly makes a food "unhealthy." Generally, it comes down to high levels of sugar, salt, saturated and trans fats, refined carbohydrates, and lots of artificial additives while providing little to no nutritional value. Some obvious culprits are fast food, candy, chips, soda, baked goods and fried foods. But even some seemingly healthy snacks like granola bars, flavored yogurt and sports drinks can be loaded with sugar and fat.So what's the big deal? Well, here are some of the scary ways unhealthy foods can mess with our bodies:Weight GainThis one seems obvious, but it's worth talking about. Foods high in sugar, fat and refined carbs contain a ton of empty calories that can easily lead to overeating and obesity. Portionsizes have also ballooned in recent decades. Even if you think you'll just have a little, it's easy to overdo it on calorie-dense junk foods. Carrying around extra weight puts strain on our bodies and increases risks for further health issues down the road.DiabetesOur bodies simply weren't designed to handle the insane amounts of added sugars we consume today through sweetened beverages, baked goods and even savory foods like ketchup. All that sugar causes fat to accumulate around the organs and leads to insulin resistance over time, increasing risks for type 2 diabetes. As students, developing diabetes in our teens and early 20s is a very real concern we should be aware of.Heart DiseaseSpeaking of fat buildup, the saturated and trans fats found in fried foods, baked goods and processed snacks are disastrous for our cardiovascular health. They clog arteries and cause high cholesterol levels, putting us at greater risk for heart attacks, strokes and other deadly heart conditions. We're supposed to be young and active - heart disease is the last thing we need to worry about!CancerNumerous studies have linked diets high in red meat, processed foods with nitrates, and charred foods from grilling to increased risks of certain cancers. The precise mechanisms are complex, but put simply, all those additives and carcinogenic compounds wreak havoc on our cells over many years of exposure. Cancer is terrifying at any age, but allowing unhealthy dietary habits to take root in our youth sets us up for added vulnerability down the line.Gut IssuesOur gastrointestinal system has a hard time processing all the artificial junk in highly processed foods. This can cause inflammation, acid reflux, upset stomach and constipation - not exactly pleasant! Fiber, a nutrient unhealthy foods are sorely lacking, is critical for healthy digestion and keeping everything moving properly.Brain FogHave you ever noticed feeling sluggish and unable to concentrate well after bingeing on greasy, sugary foods? That's no coincidence. Unhealthy foods can disrupt sleep quality and impair focus and cognitive performance, not exactly ideal for students trying to make it through long days of classes and studysessions. Nutritious diets have been shown to improve alertness, memory and mood.Skin IssuesOur skin often behaves as a reflection of what's going on inside our bodies. Oily, sugary and fatty diets can trigger acne breakouts, rashes, wrinkles and other unsightly conditions. As self-conscious teenagers and young adults, struggling with bad skin is one of the last things we need!So what does all this mean? Are we just supposed to swear off any and all indulgences for the rest of our lives? Well, no - complete deprivation and intense food restrictions aren't healthy either, mentally or physically. The key is balance and moderation.By all means, there's nothing wrong with treating ourselves every now and then! That greasy burger, slice of cake or milkshake can definitely be enjoyed on occasion as part of an overall balanced, nutritious diet. The problems arise when empty-calorie, nutrient-poor junk foods become the norm rather than the exception. When we start relying on quick, convenient nibbles that come from bags, wrappers and boxes rather than nature, that's where we get ourselves into trouble health-wise.As students, it's totally normal to get caught up in the swirl of classes, activities, social lives and work. Meal prepping and cooking at home can easily fall by the wayside in favor of fast, cheap and tasty food that frankly, isn't doing our bodies any favors. But being informed about the real hazards of sustained unhealthy eating habits is so important, because the consequences stretch far beyond our waistlines.Laying the groundwork for lifelong healthy habits now, in our teenage and college years, could make all the difference in avoiding scary medical issues like diabetes, heart disease and cancer down the road. We often think we're indestructible when we're young, but the choices we make with our diets absolutely do catch up with us over time.Let's be real - completely swearing off chips, candy, soda and fast food forever is pretty unrealistic for most of us mere mortals. But being more mindful of how we nourish our bodies, emphasizing balanced meals with plenty of fruits, veggies, whole grains and lean proteins while saving the indulgent stuff for true treats? That's something we can - and should - commit to for our present and future health. Our student selves and adult selves will thank us in the long run!篇3The Dangers of an Unhealthy DietAs a student, I've always been told that eating right is crucial for my health and academic performance. However, with the abundance of delicious yet unhealthy food options all around us, it's easy to fall into the trap of poor dietary habits. From fast food to sugary snacks and everything in between, the temptation to indulge is ever-present. But what many of us fail to realize is the severe and long-lasting consequences that an unhealthy diet can have on our bodies.Firstly, let's address the elephant in the room – obesity. Consuming excessive amounts of high-calorie, high-fat, and high-sugar foods is a surefire path to weight gain and, ultimately, obesity. This condition not only affects our physical appearance but also puts us at a significantly higher risk for numerous health issues, including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and certain types of cancer.But the dangers of an unhealthy diet extend far beyond just weight gain. Processed and fried foods, for instance, are often loaded with trans fats, which can raise our levels of "bad" LDL cholesterol and lower our "good" HDL cholesterol. This imbalance can lead to the buildup of plaque in our arteries, increasing the risk of heart attacks and strokes.Furthermore, many unhealthy foods contain excessive amounts of sodium, which can cause high blood pressure, a silent killer that puts a strain on our cardiovascular system. Over time, uncontrolled high blood pressure can damage our arteries, heart, kidneys, and even our brain, potentially leading tolife-threatening conditions.Speaking of the brain, an unhealthy diet can also have a significant impact on our cognitive function and mental health. Eating a diet high in refined carbohydrates and sugars can lead to sudden spikes and crashes in our blood sugar levels, leaving us feeling sluggish, irritable, and unable to concentrate. This can be particularly detrimental for students like us, who rely on our ability to focus and retain information during classes and study sessions.But the effects of poor nutrition on our mental well-being don't stop there. Studies have shown a link between unhealthy diets and an increased risk of depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders. This connection is thought to be due, in part, to the inflammation caused by consuming highly processed and sugary foods, as well as the lack of essential nutrients that support brain health.Moving on to our digestive system, an unhealthy diet can wreak havoc on our gut health. Foods high in saturated fats, refined carbohydrates, and artificial additives can disrupt the delicate balance of beneficial bacteria in our gut, leading to issues such as constipation, diarrhea, and even more severe conditions like inflammatory bowel disease.Furthermore, consuming too many acidic foods and beverages, such as sodas, can erode the enamel on our teeth, making them more susceptible to cavities and tooth decay. And let's not forget about the impact of sugary treats on our dental health – the bacteria in our mouths feed on these sugars, producing acids that can further damage our teeth and gums.But the consequences of an unhealthy diet don't stop at our physical health. In fact, they can also have a significant impact on our self-esteem and overall quality of life. Carrying excess weight, struggling with skin issues, or feeling sluggish and fatigued due to poor nutrition can take a toll on our confidence andself-image, potentially leading to social isolation and other mental health challenges.So, what can we do to combat these dangers and maintain a healthier lifestyle? The answer lies in adopting a balanced diet rich in whole, nutrient-dense foods. This means incorporatingplenty of fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, whole grains, and healthy fats into our daily meals. It's also crucial to limit our intake of processed foods, sugary drinks, and unhealthy fats.Additionally, staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water and being physically active can further support our overall health and well-being. Regular exercise not only helps us maintain a healthy weight but also improves our cardiovascular health, boosts our mood, and can even enhance our cognitive function.Of course, making significant dietary and lifestyle changes can be challenging, especially for students juggling academic demands, extracurricular activities, and social lives. But it's important to remember that even small, gradual changes can make a big difference in the long run.For instance, we can start by swapping out sugary sodas for water or unsweetened herbal teas. Instead of reaching for a bag of chips or a candy bar when we need a snack, we can opt for fresh fruits or vegetables with a healthy dip like hummus or nut butter. And when it comes to meals, we can aim to fill half of our plates with colorful vegetables, a quarter with lean protein, and the remaining quarter with whole grains.It's also helpful to meal prep and pack our lunches and snacks in advance, so we're less tempted to grab unhealthy options when we're short on time or feeling particularly hungry.Ultimately, adopting a healthier lifestyle is not about depriving ourselves or following restrictive diets – it's about nourishing our bodies with the nutrients they need to thrive. And as students, maintaining our physical and mental well-being is crucial for academic success and overall quality of life.So, let's make a conscious。
基因和健康生活方式那个更重要英语作文
基因和健康生活方式那个更重要英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Genes vs Healthy Lifestyle: Which is More Important for Health?IntroductionIn the ongoing debate about the influence of genes versus healthy lifestyle choices on human health, there are strong arguments to be made for both sides. Genetics play a significant role in determining an individual's susceptibility to certain diseases and conditions, but the impact of lifestyle choices cannot be underestimated. This essay will explore the importance of genes and healthy lifestyle in maintaining good health and well-being.Genetics and HealthGenes are the building blocks of life, containing the instructions for how our bodies function and develop. Certain genes can predispose individuals to conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. For example, a family history of heart disease can increase one's risk of developing the samecondition. Similarly, genetic factors can influence a person's metabolism, hormone levels, and immune system.While genes play a crucial role in determining our health outcomes, they are not the sole determining factor. The field of epigenetics has shown that lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise, and stress management can influence how genes are expressed. This means that even individuals with a genetic predisposition to a certain condition can mitigate their risk through healthy living.Healthy Lifestyle and HealthA healthy lifestyle encompasses a range of behaviors and habits that promote physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help prevent chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Regular exercise has been shown to improve cardiovascular health, boost immune function, and reduce stress.In addition to diet and exercise, other lifestyle factors can impact health. Getting an adequate amount of sleep, managing stress effectively, and avoiding harmful substances such as tobacco and excessive alcohol are all crucial components of a healthy lifestyle. Cultivating social connections and engaging inactivities that bring joy and fulfillment can also contribute to overall well-being.Genes vs Healthy Lifestyle: Striking a BalanceWhile genetics and healthy lifestyle choices both play important roles in determining health outcomes, striking a balance between the two is key. Individuals cannot change their genetic makeup, but they can control their lifestyle behaviors. By making healthy choices, individuals can help mitigate the impact of genetic predispositions and improve their overall health.For example, a person with a family history of diabetes can reduce their risk by maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and monitoring their blood sugar levels. Similarly, someone with a genetic predisposition to heart disease can lower their risk by eating a heart-healthy diet, not smoking, and managing stress effectively.ConclusionIn conclusion, both genes and healthy lifestyle choices are important factors in determining health outcomes. While genetics can predispose individuals to certain conditions, lifestyle behaviors can mitigate these risks. By making informed decisions about diet, exercise, sleep, stress management, andother aspects of health, individuals can take control of theirwell-being. Ultimately, a combination of genetic factors and healthy lifestyle choices is key to maintaining good health and longevity.篇2The debate between genetics and lifestyle factors in determining health has been a topic of discussion for many years. While both play a crucial role in overall health, the question remains - which is more important?Genetics, which determine an individual's inherited traits and susceptibility to certain diseases, undoubtedly play a significant role in health outcomes. Certain genetic conditions, such as cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia, are beyond an individual's control and can have a major impact on their health. Additionally, genetic predispositions to conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer can also influence one's health and longevity.However, it is important to note that genetics are not the sole determinants of health. Lifestyle factors, including diet, exercise, sleep, stress management, and social connections, also play a crucial role in overall health and well-being. Adoptinghealthy lifestyle habits, such as eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, engaging in regular physical activity, getting enough sleep, and managing stress, can have a significant impact on preventing chronic diseases and promoting longevity.Research has shown that individuals with a healthy lifestyle - even those with a genetic predisposition to certain conditions - are often able to mitigate the impact of genetic factors on their health. For example, a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that individuals with a high genetic risk for heart disease who had a healthy lifestyle had a significantly lower risk of developing the condition compared to those with a high genetic risk and an unhealthy lifestyle.Ultimately, while genetics play a significant role in health outcomes, the importance of lifestyle factors should not be overlooked. By adopting healthy habits and making positive lifestyle choices, individuals can take control of their health and reduce their risk of developing chronic diseases. It is the combination of genetics and lifestyle factors that ultimately determines one's health and well-being, and striking a balance between the two is key to living a long and healthy life.篇3Genes and Healthy Lifestyle: Which is More Important?IntroductionGenes and lifestyle are two key factors that influence our overall health and well-being. While genes determine our genetic makeup and predisposition to certain diseases, lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise, and smoking habits also play a significant role in determining our health outcomes. In this essay, we will explore the importance of genes and healthy lifestyle in maintaining good health and discuss which factor is ultimately more important for a healthy life.Genes: The Building Blocks of HealthOur genes are the instructions that determine everything from our eye color to our susceptibility to certain diseases. Genetic factors can influence our risk of developing conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. For example, individuals with a family history of heart disease may have a higher risk of developing the condition themselves due to genetic factors.While we cannot change our genetic makeup, we can take steps to reduce our risk of developing genetic diseases. Knowing our family history and undergoing genetic testing can help usidentify potential risks and take proactive measures to mitigate them. However, genes are just one piece of the puzzle when it comes to maintaining good health.Healthy Lifestyle: The Key to LongevityWhile genes may play a role in determining our health outcomes, lifestyle choices have a significant impact on our overall well-being. A healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and stress management can help prevent many chronic diseases and improve our quality of life.Eating a nutritious diet that is high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help reduce our risk of developing conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Regular physical activity has been shown to improve cardiovascular health, strengthen muscles, and boost mental well-being. Getting enough sleep and managing stress through techniques such as meditation and yoga can also have a positive impact on our health.Which is More Important: Genes or Lifestyle?While both genes and lifestyle choices play a role in determining our health outcomes, many experts believe thatlifestyle is the key factor in achieving good health. Studies have shown that healthy lifestyle habits such as not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and engaging in regular physical activity can help reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases even in individuals with a genetic predisposition.In fact, research has shown that lifestyle factors may have a greater impact on our health than genetic factors. A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that individuals who followed a healthy lifestyle pattern had a significantly lower risk of developing diabetes, heart disease, and stroke compared to those who did not follow the lifestyle pattern, regardless of their genetic risk.ConclusionIn conclusion, both genes and lifestyle play a role in determining our health outcomes. While genetic factors may influence our risk of developing certain diseases, lifestyle choices have a greater impact on our overall well-being. By adopting healthy lifestyle habits such as eating a nutritious diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress, we can improve our health and reduce our risk of developing chronic conditions. Ultimately, choosing a healthy lifestyle is the key to longevity andwell-being.。
胃癌与饮食英语作文
胃癌与饮食英语作文Title: The Relationship Between Gastric Cancer and Diet。
Gastric cancer, commonly known as stomach cancer, is a significant health concern worldwide. Its development is influenced by various factors, with diet playing a crucial role. In this essay, we will explore the intricate relationship between gastric cancer and diet, examining how dietary choices can impact both the risk of developing the disease and its management.To begin with, let's delve into the types of foods that have been associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. High consumption of salty and preserved foods, such as pickled vegetables and salted meats, has been linked toa higher incidence of gastric cancer. These foods contain nitrates and nitrites, which can react with other compounds in the stomach to form carcinogens, potentially leading to the development of cancerous cells.Furthermore, diets rich in smoked or charred foods, often cooked at high temperatures, have been implicated in gastric cancer risk. The process of grilling or charring meats can produce heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are known carcinogens. Regular consumption of these types of foods may contribute to the initiation and progression of gastric cancer.In contrast, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer. Fruits and vegetables contain various vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Additionally, certain compounds found in fruits and vegetables, such as flavonoids and phytochemicals, have been shown to possess anti-cancer properties, inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and reducing inflammation in the stomach lining.Moreover, the consumption of foods high in dietaryfiber has been linked to a lower risk of gastric cancer. Fiber-rich foods, such as whole grains, legumes, and nuts, promote regular bowel movements and help preventconstipation. This, in turn, reduces the exposure of the stomach lining to potential carcinogens, thereby lowering the risk of gastric cancer development.Aside from its role in cancer prevention, diet also plays a crucial role in the management of gastric cancer in individuals who have already been diagnosed with the disease. During treatment, maintaining proper nutrition is essential to support overall health and improve treatment outcomes. However, the symptoms of gastric cancer, such as nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite, can make it challenging for patients to consume an adequate diet.In such cases, dietary modifications may be necessary to ensure sufficient nutrient intake. This may involve consuming smaller, more frequent meals that are easier to tolerate, avoiding spicy or greasy foods that can exacerbate symptoms, and incorporating nutrient-dense foods such as lean proteins, whole grains, and soft fruits and vegetables into the diet.Furthermore, for individuals undergoing surgicaltreatment for gastric cancer, dietary changes may be required to accommodate alterations in digestive function. Depending on the extent of surgery, patients may experience reduced stomach capacity or impaired nutrient absorption, necessitating adjustments in dietary intake to prevent malnutrition and support recovery.In conclusion, the relationship between gastric cancer and diet is complex and multifaceted. While certain dietary factors may increase the risk of developing gastric cancer, others may offer protection against the disease. Additionally, dietary interventions play a crucial role in the management of gastric cancer, both during treatment and recovery. By making informed dietary choices and adopting healthy eating habits, individuals can reduce their risk of gastric cancer and improve their overall health and well-being.。
healthy lifestyle英语手抄报内容
healthy lifestyle英语手抄报内容Healthy Lifestyle 。
A healthy lifestyle is one in which a person takes care of their physical, mental and emotional well-being by making positive choices. This includes maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet, engaging in regular e某ercise and physical activity, getting enough sleep, reducing stress and avoiding harmful habits such as smoking and e某cessive alcohol consumption. 。
Diet 。
A healthy diet is one that is balanced and diverse, incorporating fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. It is important to limit processed and sugary foods, and to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water. Eating a healthy diet can help prevent chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. 。
E某ercise 。
Sleep 。
Stress 。
Stress is a normal part of life, but e某cessive or chronic stress can have negative effects on physical and mental health. It is important to find healthy ways to manage stress, such aspracticing mindfulness, engaging in physical activity, orseeking support from friends and family. 。
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MUTATION Inherited Spontaneous Acquired PROMOTION PROGRESSION Hormones Growth factors
Obesity,Nutrition,and Cancer
Gene-Nutrient Imbalance Energy Expenditure (Phytochemicals) Energy Intake (Carcinogen) High Fat/Calories High ω -6 fats Growth Factors
Which year?
(1)
“In England, four and a half times as many people die now from cancer as half a century ago. Probably no single factor is more important in determining the outbreak of cancer in the predisposed than high feeding. Many indications point to the gluttonous consumption of meat as likely to be especially harmful.
Physical Activity Fruits Vegetables Whole Grains Soy Protein
Genetic Susceptibility
(Common Polymorphisms)
Purpose of the Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines
On any given day in the United States...
3 million gallons of ice cream 10 million pounds of candy 16 million gallons of beer and ale 1.5 million gallons of hard liquor (enough to make 26 million people drunk!)
Society Recommendations Community Action
Public, private, and community organizations should work to create social and physical environments that support the adoption and maintenance of healthful nutrition and physical activity behaviors
On any given day in the United States...
815 billion calories are consumed (200 billion more than needed) 47 million hot dogs 4 million pounds of bacon 60 million pounds of red meat 170 million eggs
Which year?
(2)
Statistics show that the consumption of meat has reached the amazing total of 131 pounds per head per year, which is more than double what it was half a century ago. No doubt other factors co-operate, among these I should be inclined to name deficient exercise and deficiency in fresh vegetable food.”
W. Roger Williams in The Lancet So, what didn’t we know and when didn’t we know it?
December, 1898!
Society Recommendations
Individual Choices
Eat a variety of foods, with an emphasis on plant sources. Adopt a physically active lifestyle. Maintain a healthful weight throughout life. If you drink alcoholic beverages, limit consumption.
86.7
'73 '76 '79 '82 '85 '88 '91 '94 '97 '00 '03 '06 '08 '11 '14 Year
Steeper Rate of Decrease, 1.4 % per Year, Beginning 1995 and Continuing through 1999 If trend Continues - 16% Reduction by 2015 Trend Continues
WEDNESDAY, MAY 22, 1996
Thou Shalt Reduce Salt Intake:
True? False? Choose Your Study
By GINA KOLATA
All Sites (Invasive) – Incidence Rates
By Year of Diagnosis – All Races, Males and Females
All Sites – Mortality Rates
By Year of Death – All Races, Males and Females
2015 Goals – 50% Reduction from Baseline
220 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80
To review current scientific data on diet and cancers To translate this into clear, defensible recommendations for the general public To promote changes in environments that support healthful eating and physical activity habits To reduce cancer risk
Actual Causes of Death
in the United States (1990)
Tobacco
Diet/Activity
Alcohol Microbial Agents Toxic Agents Firearms Sexual Behavior Motor Vehicles
0 5 10 15 Percent of all causes of death
Objectives Today
Present the American Cancer Society Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines for Cancer Prevention Discuss the science base behind the recommendations Present current trends and statistics
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
This presentation represents the opinions of Dileep G. Bal, M.D. and not the California Department of Health Services, in any way whatsoever. The opinions of either can change without further notice.
Data Source: McGinnis & Foege, JAMA, November, 1993
20
Causes of Cancer
Estimate percentage of total cancer deaths attributable to established causes of cancer
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Source: Harvard Report on Cancer Prevention, Cancer Causes and Control, November/December, 1996
Carcinogenesis
Normal Cell Cell with DNA abnormality Tumor
400 350 300
Incidence and mortality rates per 100,000 and age-adjusted to 2000 US standard population SEER Cancer Statistics Review 1973-1999.
1970 US Std. Population
Alcohol
Socioeconomic status Environmental pollution Ionizing/ultraviolet radiation Prescription drugs Medical procedures Salt/other food additives or contaminants