12.Business risk
微信危险的英语作文
WeChat,a popular Chinese messaging and social media app,has become an integral part of daily life for many people around the world.However,with its widespread use, there are also potential dangers associated with it.Here are some points to consider when discussing the potential risks of using WeChat:1.Privacy Concerns:WeChat collects a significant amount of user data,which can be a concern for ers should be aware of what information they are sharing and with whom.2.Security Vulnerabilities:Like any digital platform,WeChat is not immune to security ers need to be vigilant about protecting their accounts with strong passwords and enabling twofactor authentication.3.Misinformation Spread:The platform can be used to spread false information or ers should verify the credibility of the information they receive and share.4.Cyberbullying:As with any social media platform,WeChat can be a place where cyberbullying occurs.Its important for users to report any abusive behavior and to educate themselves on how to deal with such situations.5.Addiction:The constant connectivity that WeChat offers can lead to overuse and addiction,affecting users mental health and social interactions in the real world.6.Financial Scams:WeChat has payment features that can be exploited by scammers. Users should be cautious when making transactions and only deal with trusted contacts.7.Political Censorship:WeChat is known to comply with Chinese government regulations,which can lead to censorship of certain topics or content.This can limit the freedom of speech and access to information.8.Data Localization Laws:In some countries,there are concerns about data localization laws that require companies like Tencent WeChats parent company to store user data within the countrys borders,potentially making it more accessible to local authorities.9.Influence on Youth:The influence of social media,including WeChat,on young peoples behavior and values can be significant.Parents and educators should be aware of the content young people are exposed to and engage in conversations about responsible use.10.Business Risks:For businesses using WeChat for marketing or customer service,theres a risk of negative publicity if the platform is used improperly or if there are issues with the apps functionality.To mitigate these risks,its essential for users to stay informed about best practices for online safety,to be critical of the information they encounter,and to maintain a balance between online and offline life.Additionally,understanding the legal and regulatory environment in which WeChat operates can help users navigate potential challenges related to data privacy and security.。
商务英语相关词汇解析
商务英语相关词汇解析一、business and businesses商业和公司a business,company,or firm is an organization that sells goods or services .a business may also be referred to formally as a concern.business is the production,buying,and selling of goods and services.a business may be referred to approvingly as an enterprise to emphasize its adventurous, risk-taking qualities, and business in general may be referred to in the same way, for example in combinations such as free enterprise and private enterprise.business is also referred to as commerce. this word, and its related adjective commercial, are often used to distinguish the business sphere from other areas such as government or the arts, or to distinguish it from nonmoney-making activities.注释：business 商业；生意；公司 company 公司；商号firm (合伙的)商号；商行 concern 康采恩（垄断企业形式之一）commerce 商业；商务 commercial 商业的；商务的；商用的enterprise 企事业单位 free enterprise 自由企业private enterprise 私人企业二、from multinationals to small firms 从跨国公司到小型企业large companies are referred to as corporations, especially in the united states. corporate is used to describe things relating to a corporation, or to corporations in general, in expressions like the ones in the next exercise. large companies operating in many countries are multinationals.big business can refer to large business organizations or to any business activity that makes a lot of money. small companies are referred to as small businesses or small firms.unlike some languages, english does not have an everyday term for small and medium-sized companies, apart from this rather clumsy expression.注释：corporation 大公司；股份有限公司 corporate 法人；团体multinational 跨国的；多国的 big business 大型企业；大公司small and medium sized companies中小规模的公司small business 小公司 small firm 小公司三、industries and sectors 工业及其部门businesses may be classified according to which industry they are in: for example construction, oil, banking, food.sector is sometimes used to mean industry in the same way, particularly by specialists such as financial journalists, but it is more often used to talk about different parts of the economy in combinations such as public sector and private sector, or about types of business in expressions like service sector and manufacturing sector.注释：industry 工业；产业 sector 部门；部分public sector 公共部门 private sector 私营部门manufacturing sector 制造部门 service sector 服务部门四、public sector and private 公共部门和私营部门when a private company is bought by the state and brought into the public sector, it is nationalized in a process of nationalization. a nationalized company is state-owned. when the state returns a company to the private sector in a sell-off, it is privatized. this is privatization.the first to be sold off in a privatization program are often the companies responsible for the public supply of electricity,water and gas: the utilities.注释：nationalized 国有化的 nationalization 国有化privatized 私有化的 privatization 私有化state-owned 国有的 sell off 廉价出清utilities 公用事业；公用事业部门五、stakes 份额；股份if company a owns shares or equity in company b, a has or holds a stake, holding or shareholding in b. if a owns less than half the shares in b, it has a minority stake in b.if a owns more than half the shares in b, it has a majority stake or controlling stake in b. if you have shares in a company you are a shareholder.注释：shares/stake 份额；股份 equity 股份；产权；普通股票holding 持有；股票额 shareholding 持有股票数shareholder 股东 hold a stake 持有份额majority stake 大股东（50%以上） controlling stake 大股东minority stake 小股东原作者： mba100商务英语重点词汇(2)一、parents and sisters 母公司和姐妹公司a holding or holding company is one that holds stakes in one or more subsidiaries. if it owns all the shares in a subsidiary, the subsidiary is a wholly-owned one.a holding company´s relationship to its subsidiaries is that of parent company, and the subsidiaries relationship to each other is that of sister companies. a holding and its subsidiaries form a group.a conglomerate is a group containing a lot of different companies in different businesses. journalists also refer to large groups as giants.注释：holding company 控股公司 subsidiary 子公司wholly-owned subsidiary 全资子公司 parent company 母公司sister company 姐妹公司 group 集团公司conglomerate 联合大企业giant 大企业；企业巨人（新闻用语）二、predators,raiders,and white knights 掠夺者、抢劫者和善意合作者the takeover process is often described in terms of one animal hunting another: a company or individual seeking to take over another company may be referred to as a predator, and the target company as the prey. predators are also referred to as raiders or corporate raiders.a company wishing to resist, ward off, or fend off being taken over has a number of options. it may devise plans that give existing shareholders special rights, or it may make itself less attractive to bidders by selling off a valuable part of the company, or holding on to an unattractive one. actions like these are poison pills.or it may persuade a friendly partner, a white knight, to take a stake in the company, thus preventing a complete takeover by a hostile bidder. bidders may agree to withdraw their bid if paid enough money for the shares they hold in the target company. this is green mail.注释：predator 掠夺者(恶意吞并其它企业) prey 猎物(被恶意并购的企业)raider 掠夺者(恶意并购其它企业) corporate raider 合伙掠夺者fend off a bid 阻止收购 ward off a bid 阻止收购poison bill毒药(公司通过给予股东某些特权、或卖掉部分有价值资产，而持有或购进价值不大的资产，从而减少自己对并购公司的吸引力)white knight指购买公司部分股份以免遭兼并企业完全兼并的善意和或者。
risk doing sth例句
risk doing sth例句1. I took a risk doing something that scared me, but it ended up being one of the best decisions I've ever made. (我冒险做了一些让我害怕的事情，但最终成为我做过的最好的决定之一。
)2. She knew the risks of starting her own business, but she did it anyway and now it's thriving. (她知道创业的风险，但还是去做了，现在生意蒸蒸日上。
)3. He took a risk by investing all his savings into the stock market, but it paid off in the end. (他冒险将所有存款投入股市，但最终获得了回报。
)4. They decided to take a risk by moving to a new city without any job prospects, and they ended up finding success there. (他们决定冒险搬到一个没有工作机会的新城市，最终在那里找到了成功。
)5. We took a risk by launching our product before it was fully developed, but we received positive feedback from early adopters. (我们在产品完全开发之前推出了产品，存在风险，但我们收到了初期用户的积极反馈。
)6. You have to be willing to take risks if you want to achieve great things in life. (如果你想在生活中取得巨大的成就，就必须愿意承担风险。
风险术语的英文对照
风险术语的英文对照1. Risk Assessment - 风险评估2. Risk Management - 风险管理3. Risk Mitigation - 风险缓解4. Risk Identification - 风险识别5. Risk Analysis - 风险分析6. Risk Control - 风险控制7. Risk Response - 风险应对8. Risk Avoidance - 风险避免9. Risk Transfer - 风险转移10. Risk Tolerance - 风险容忍度11. Risk Probability - 风险概率12. Risk Impact - 风险影响13. Risk Assessment Matrix - 风险评估矩阵14. Risk Register - 风险登记册15. Risk Treatment Plan - 风险处理计划16. Risk Exposure - 风险暴露度17. Risk Control Measures - 风险控制措施18. Risk Indicator - 风险指标19. Risk Communication - 风险沟通20. Risk Event - 风险事件请注意，上述术语仅提供参考，具体的风险管理术语可能根据行业和上下文有所不同。
Risk management is an essential component of any organization, as it involves the identification, assessment, and mitigation of potential risks that could impact the achievement of objectives. In order to effectively manage risks, itis crucial to have a clear understanding of various risk terminologies and their corresponding translations in English.Risk assessment, or 风险评估, is the process of identifying and evaluating potential risks to determine their likelihood and potential impact. This involves analyzing the probability of a risk occurring and assessing the potential consequences it could have on the organization. Risk assessments are typically conducted using various tools and techniques such as risk matrices, scenario analysis, and historical data.Once risks have been identified and assessed, the organization can proceed with risk management, or 风险管理. This involves developing strategies and action plans to minimize or eliminate the identified risks. Risk management aims to reduce the likelihood of a risk occurring or its potential impact if it does occur. It includes risk mitigation, or 风险缓解, which involves implementing measures to reduce the probability and/or severity of a risk.Risk identification, or 风险识别, is the process of identifying potential risks that could impact the organization's objectives. This includes analyzing internal and external factors that could lead to risks, such as changes in regulations, market volatility, or operational vulnerabilities. Risk analysis, or 风险分析, is the process of evaluating the identified risks to determine their potential impact and prioritize their treatment.Risk control, or 风险控制, involves implementing measures to reduce or manage the identified risks. This includes developingand implementing risk control measures, such as implementing safety protocols, conducting regular inspections, or implementing redundancy measures. Risk response, or 风险应对, refers to the actions taken by the organization to address identified risks. This could include accepting the risk, avoiding the risk, transferring the risk to a third party, or implementing measures to mitigate the risk.Risk avoidance, or 风险避免, refers to the strategy of completely eliminating the exposure to a particular risk. This could involve making changes to business processes, discontinuing certain activities, or avoiding certain markets or investments. Risk transfer, or 风险转移, involves transferring the responsibility and financial implications of a risk to another party, such as purchasing insurance coverage.Risk tolerance, or 风险容忍度, refers to the level of risk that an organization is willing to accept in order to achieve its objectives. This involves striking a balance between maximizing opportunities and minimizing potential risks. Risk probability, or 风险概率, refers to the likelihood or chance of a risk occurring. Risk impact, or 风险影响, refers to the magnitude of the consequences that would result if a risk were to occur.A risk assessment matrix, or 风险评估矩阵, is a tool used to evaluate and prioritize risks based on their likelihood and impact. It provides a visual representation of risks and helps in determining appropriate risk management strategies. A risk register, or 风险登记册, is a document that records all identified risks, along with their likelihood, potential impact, and mitigation measures.To implement effective risk management, organizations develop risk treatment plans, or 风险处理计划, which outline the specific actions to be taken to manage identified risks. These plans include a clear description of the risk, its potential impact, the desired risk treatment strategy, and the individuals responsible for its implementation.Risk exposure, or 风险暴露度, refers to the level of vulnerability or susceptibility of the organization to a particular risk. It considers the organization's potential financial, operational, and reputational losses resulting from a risk event. Risk control measures, or 风险控制措施, are actions implemented to mitigate or prevent identified risks. These measures may include implementing internal controls, conducting training programs, or investing in technologies to mitigate risks.Risk indicators, or 风险指标, are quantitative or qualitative measures used to monitor and assess risks. These indicators help in identifying early warning signs of emerging risks, enabling timely and proactive risk management. Risk communication, or 风险沟通, refers to the process of sharing information about risks within the organization or with external stakeholders. Effective risk communication is crucial for ensuring that everyone understands the risks, their potential impact, and the organization's strategiesfor managing them.Overall, understanding and utilizing risk terminologies in both English and their native language is vital for effective riskmanagement. It ensures clear communication, facilitates collaboration, and enhances the organization's ability to identify, assess, and mitigate risks. By effectively managing risks, organizations can safeguard their interests, minimize losses, and enhance their overall performance and resilience.。
经典迈克尔贝叶著管理经济学与商务战略课件英文版Chap012
E[x] = q1 x1 + q2 x2 +…+qn xn,
where xi is payoff i, qi is the probability that payoff i occurs, and q1 + q2 +…+qn = 1.
Overview
I. The Mean and the Variance II. Uncertainty and Consumer Behavior III. Uncertainty and the Firm IV. Uncertainty and the Market V. Auctions
Michael R. Baye, Managerial Economics and Business Strategy, 5e.
Risk Loving: An individual who prefers a risky prospect with an expected value, E[x], of $M to a sure amount of $M.
Risk Neutral: An individual who is indifferent between a risky prospect where E[x] = $M and a sure amount of $M.
Copyright © 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights ry and
Consumer Search
• Suppose consumers face numerous stores selling identical products, but charge different prices.
ACCAF8考试重点Mike
1． Audit 定义‐背诵： External audits provide assurance to shareholders that the financial statements are prepared, in all material respects , in accordance with an applicable financial reporting framework.2． Assurance engagement 定义‐背诵：An assurance engagement is an engagement in which a practitioner expresses a conclusion designed to enhance the degree of confidence of the intended users other than the responsible party about the outcome of the evaluation or measurement of a subject matter against criteria . 3． Assurance engagement 5要素，选择题‐知道：(审计是鉴证业务的一种)* A second element is a suitable subjectmatter. The subject matter is the datathat the responsible party has preparedand which requires verification.* Suitable criteria are required in anassurance engagement. The subjectmatter is compared to the criteria inorder for it to be assessed and an opinionprovided.✓ Sufficient appropriate evidence has to be obtained by the practitioner in order to give therequired level of assurance.✓ An assurance report is the opinionthat is given by the practitioner to the intended user andthe responsible party .EngagementLevel of Assurance Examples External audit法令审计 Reasonable assurance Highest levelPositive expressionIn our opinion , the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. Review 审阅Limited assuranceModerate levelNegative expression Based on our work described in this report, nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the financialstatements do not present fairly , in allmaterial respects, in accordance with IFRS4． Ture and Fair 选择题‐知道：尽管ISA 对真实公允没有定义，但我们可以如下理解：✓ True ‐ Information is factual and conforms with reality in that there are no factual erros. Inaddition it is assumed that to be true it must comply with accounting standards and any relevant legislation . Lastly true includes data being correctly transferred from accounting records to the financial statement.信息符合事实，遵守会计准则和法规。
业务连续性管理(BCM)
10. 组织的 理解 ; BIA to RA
BIA (Business Impact Analysis ; 商务影响分析)
导出创造价值高的活动领域内的进程 ; 按照运营, 支援, 战略方面导出
进程的中断带给整个商务的影响度评价 ; 低频率, 高深度风险的影响推断(例: 地震,火
灾 等) 选定中断时影响大的进程(Critical Activity) 设定进程间逻辑结构(先行, 后行 等) 进程别中断影响的定量,定性评价
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11. 商业恢复 (Biz Resumption) 战略
事业停止 危险因素
风险识别 业务停止设想
受伤 不可接近事业场
系统支援中断 重要资源损坏 合作商支援中断
Source : BSI BS25999 BCM
风险预防 业务恢复时需要的资源
代替人力 (People) 事业设施 (Premises) 备份系统 (Technology) 重要信息 (Vital Records) 外包商 (3’rd Party)
组织恢复力
BCP构筑战略
BCM组织 人力恢复 设备恢复, 代替事业场 灾害恢复系统 信息管理 合作商连续性管理 其他教育, 保险等 BCP 运营战略 构筑期推进课题 定期运营方案
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12. 业务连续性规划(BCP)
使用者等级(Level)
结构(Structure)
内容(Contents)
[Gold Strategic]
Million (USD)/hr $0.0
$ 0.5
$ 1.0
$ 1.5
$ 2.0
$ 2.5
Source : Deloitte BCM practice report, Network computing,
信用风险专业术语解释词汇解析
信用风险专业术语解释词汇解析信用风险专业术语解释内部融资率(1 nternal financing ratio)内部融资率衡量企业资本费用中有多少来自于经营性现金流量。
违约事件(Event 0f Default)借款人不履行契约。
现金流量分析(Cash flow analysis)衡量企业以现金偿还贷款和其他债务能力的分析方法。
对现金流量比率的分析方法有：比较比率自身的变化趋势;和其他企业的比率作比较。
有时候也可以和销售比率的最大值或最小值进行比较。
信用机构(Credit Bureau)为客户提供企业信用信息的机构。
一级资本(Tier 1 Capital)银行的核心资本，包括股本金和准备金，但不包括评估增值储备(revaluation reserves)。
营运资本(Working capital)企业在流动资产上的投资。
对营运资本的恰当定义是存货加上债权减去流动负债。
企业所需营运资本的数量经常波动，有时会巨幅波动。
对营运资本的需要与企业的商业循环周期、现金循环周期相关。
逾期应收款报告(Aged DebtorsReport)列明逾期应收款和过期时间长度的报告。
SWOT分析(SWOT analysis) 分析经营风险的方法。
即对企业的优势(strengths)、弱点(weaknesses)、机会(opportunities)、威胁(threats)列表分析。
Z值(Z Score)指对企业财务状况、破产可能性的量化评估。
Z 值主要利用核心的财务指标进行评估，它是由企业破产预测模型得出。
Z值模型(Z score models)用少量关键指标衡量企业破产风险的模型。
每一个z值模型都有自己的关键指标。
不同的z值模型适用于不同的行业和不同的国家。
巴塞尔协议(Basle Agreement)由各国中央银行、国际清算银行成员签订的国际协议，主要是关于银行最小资本充足的要求。
它也被称为BIS规则(BIS rules)。
埃伯特 商学精要(英文版 第12版)课件ppt_app1
Insurance as Risk Management
• Insurance Premium
– fee paid to an insurance company by a policyholder for insurance coverage
• Insurance Policy
– formal agreement to pay the policyholder a specified amount in the event of certain losses
Copyright © 2019, 2016, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Risk-Management Process (1 of 3)
1. Identify Risks and Potential Losses
– managers analyze a firm’s risks to identify potential losses
• Business Continuation Agreement
– special form of business insurance whereby owners arrange to buy the interests of deceased associates from their heirs
Risk-Management Process (2 of 3)
3. Evaluate Alternatives and Choose the Techniques that Will Best Handle the Losses
– managers decide how to handle risk
掌管金融风险的英语
掌管金融风险的英语作为一名从事金融工作的专业人士，掌握英语是必不可少的。
在金融行业中，英语是一种通用语言，涉及到各种金融产品、服务、交易和风险控制等方面。
以下是一些掌管金融风险的英语词汇和表达方式：1. 风险管理：risk management2. 风险控制：risk control3. 风险评估：risk assessment4. 风险预警：risk warning5. 损失控制：loss control6. 损失赔付：loss compensation7. 保险理赔：insurance claims8. 银行风险管理：bank risk management9. 信用风险管理：credit risk management10. 市场风险管理：market risk management11. 操作风险管理：operational risk management12. 金融衍生品：financial derivatives13. 期货交易：futures trading14. 期权交易：options trading15. 债券市场：bond market16. 股票市场：stock market17. 外汇交易：foreign exchange trading18. 金融监管：financial regulation19. 合规性审查：compliance review20. 风险投资：venture capital21. 风险资本：risk capital22. 投资组合管理：portfolio management23. 投资策略：investment strategy24. 投资回报率：return on investment (ROI)25. 资产配置：asset allocation26. 资产管理：asset management27. 私人银行服务：private banking services28. 财富管理：wealth management以上词汇和表达方式只是金融行业中掌管风险的英语词汇的一部分，有助于金融工作者更好地理解和处理金融风险。
risk的例句
risk的例句1. Taking that job is a big risk, but it could pay off.接受那份工作是一种很大的风险，但可能会有回报。
2. He decided to take the risk and start his own business.他决定冒险自己创业。
3. There is a risk of rain tomorrow, so take an umbrella.明天有下雨的风险，所以带上伞。
4. Investing in stocks can be risky, but it can also be rewarding.投资股票可能有风险，但也可能带来回报。
5. She took a risk by traveling alone to a foreign country.她冒险独自前往一个外国旅行。
6. The risk of losing money in gambling is very high.赌博亏钱的风险非常高。
7. We need to assess the risks before making a decision.在做决定之前，我们需要评估风险。
8. He is well aware of the risks involved in extreme sports.他非常清楚极限运动所涉及的风险。
9. The company is trying to minimize the risk of data breaches.该公司正在努力降低数据泄露的风险。
10. Sometimes, taking a risk is necessary for personal growth.有时候，冒险对个人成长是必要的。
商业风险的英语展示作文
商业风险的英语展示作文Commercial Risk。
Commercial risk is a part of doing business. It refers to the possibility of loss or failure that a company may face in the course of its operations. These risks can come from a variety of sources, including changes in the market, economic downturns, and competition. In this essay, we will explore the different types of commercial risks and how businesses can manage and mitigate them.One of the most common types of commercial risk is market risk. This refers to the potential for loss due to changes in the market, such as shifts in consumer preferences, changes in the economy, or new competitors entering the market. For example, a company that sells a product that becomes obsolete due to technological advancements faces market risk. To manage this risk, businesses can conduct market research to stay ahead of changing consumer preferences, diversify their productofferings, and adapt to new market conditions.Another type of commercial risk is credit risk. This is the risk that a customer or partner will fail to fulfill their financial obligations, such as paying for goods or services rendered. Businesses can mitigate this risk by conducting thorough credit checks on potential customers and partners, setting clear payment terms, and implementing a robust accounts receivable management system.Operational risk is another common commercial risk. This refers to the risk of loss due to internal factors, such as human error, equipment failure, or supply chain disruptions. To manage operational risk, businesses can invest in employee training, implement quality control measures, and develop contingency plans for potential disruptions.Legal and regulatory risk is another important commercial risk to consider. This refers to the risk of loss due to changes in laws and regulations that affect the business, such as new taxes, environmental regulations, orlabor laws. To manage this risk, businesses can stay informed about changes in the legal and regulatory environment, seek legal counsel when necessary, and ensure compliance with all applicable laws and regulations.Financial risk is also a significant commercial risk. This refers to the risk of loss due to factors such as fluctuations in interest rates, currency exchange rates, or the availability of credit. To manage financial risk, businesses can use hedging strategies to protect against adverse movements in interest rates or exchange rates, maintain a strong balance sheet, and diversify their sources of funding.In conclusion, commercial risk is an inherent part of doing business. However, by understanding the different types of commercial risks and implementing appropriate risk management strategies, businesses can effectively manage and mitigate these risks. By doing so, they can increase their chances of success and ensure the long-term viability of their operations.。
风控特征常用词语
风控特征常用词语风控特征常用词语包括但不限于：1. 年度百分率（APR）：一年一度复利计息的利率。
2. 当前应收账款（AR）：指当期应收账款。
3. 伪冒申请（Application fraud）：指欺诈性的申请。
4. 欺诈交易（Transaction fraud）：指在交易中实施的欺诈行为。
5. 余额代偿（Balance Transfer）：即信用卡还款业务。
6. 催收（Collection）：对逾期债务进行追讨的行为。
7. 负债比（Debit burden ratio）：衡量负债与资产关系的比率。
8. 恶意逾期客户（Non-starter）：指故意不按时还款的客户。
9. 发薪日贷款（Payday Load）：一种短期贷款，通常在发薪日偿还。
10. 转呆账（WO）：通常逾期6期以上为转呆账。
11. 账龄（MOB）：指贷款发放后的时间长度。
12. 管理信息系统（MIS）：用于收集、处理和分析信息的系统，常用于风险管理。
13. 决策引擎（如SMG3, Strategy Management Generation 3）：用于自动化决策的系统，常用于信贷审批等场景。
14. 风险定价（RBP, Risk-based Pricing）：根据客户的风险状况确定授信额度和费率的策略。
15. 净损失率（NCL）：当期转呆账金额减去当期呆账回收即为净损失金额。
16. 逾期天数（DPD）：自还款日次日起到实还日期间的天数，衡量贷款逾期情况的重要指标。
17. 分期贷款中的M0、M1、M2等表示贷款的不同阶段，其中M0表示正常贷款，M1表示逾期一个月，M2表示逾期两个月等。
18. 逾期率/延滞率（Delinquency）：评价资产质量的指标，可分为Coincident和Lagged两种观察方式。
19. 首次还款逾期率（FPD）：用户授信通过后，首笔需要还款的账单，在最后还款日后7天内未还款且未办理延期的客户比例即为FPD7。
risk指标
risk指标There are various types of risks that can impact a business or investment, including financial risk, operational risk, strategic risk, compliance risk, and reputational risk. Each type of risk presents its own set of challenges and requires different strategies for mitigation and management. In this article, we will explore the concept of risk and its various indicators, and discuss how businesses can effectively measure and manage risks to achieve their objectives.Risk indicators are measurements or signals that can help businesses identify potential risks and take appropriate actions to mitigate or manage them. These indicators can be both quantitative and qualitative, and they are used to assess the likelihood and impact of various risks on the business or investment. By monitoring and analyzing these indicators, organizations can gain valuable insights into the potential threats they face and make informed decisions to protect their interests.One of the most commonly used risk indicators is the volatility of financial markets. Volatility refers to the degree of variation in the price of a financial instrument over time. High volatility indicates that the price of the instrument can fluctuate significantly, which can lead to increased uncertainty and risk for investors. By monitoring the volatility of financial markets, businesses can better understand the potential risks associated with their investments and make adjustments to their portfolios accordingly.Another important risk indicator is the debt-to-equity ratio. This ratio measures the proportion of a company's debt to its equity, and it is used to assess the financial leverage and solvency of a business. A higher debt-to-equity ratio indicates that a company has a higher level of debt relative to its equity, which can increase the financial risk and make the business more vulnerable to economic downturns or other adverse events. By tracking this indicator, businesses can identify potential financial risks and take proactive measures to reduce their debt levels and strengthen their financial position.Operational risk indicators are also critical for businesses to monitor and manage. These indicators include metrics such as the frequency and severity of operational incidents, the effectiveness of internal controls, and the level of compliance with regulatory requirements. By tracking these indicators, organizations can identify potential weaknesses in their operational processes and implement measures to enhance their risk management and control capabilities.In addition to financial and operational risks, businesses also need to consider strategic and reputational risks. Strategic risk indicators can include measures of market share, customer satisfaction, and innovation capabilities, while reputational risk indicators can include metrics related to brand perception, customer complaints, and social media sentiment. By monitoring these indicators, organizations can gain insights into the potential risks to their strategic objectives and reputation, and take actions to mitigate these risks and protect their long-term value.To effectively measure and manage risks, organizations need to establish a robust risk management framework that includes the identification, assessment, and mitigation of risks. This framework should include the use of various risk indicators to monitor and analyze potential risks, as well as the development of risk management strategies and controls to mitigate these risks. By integrating risk indicators into their decision-making processes, businesses can make more informed and proactive decisions that support their objectives and protect their interests.In conclusion, risk indicators are crucial for businesses to measure and manage risks effectively. By monitoring and analyzing these indicators, organizations can gain valuable insights into the potential threats they face and take appropriate actions to mitigate or manage these risks. With a robust risk management framework that incorporates the use of various risk indicators, businesses can enhance their risk management capabilities and make informed decisions that support their long-term success.。
risk指标
risk指标**Risk Indicators in Business Decision-Making**Risk indicators play a pivotal role in informed decision-making for organizations. These indicators, often quantitative or qualitative measures, provide insights into potential hazards, vulnerabilities, and threats that could impact a business's operations, finances, or reputation. By analyzing risk indicators, companies can anticipate and mitigate adverse outcomes, ensuring greater stability and profitability. For instance, financial risk indicators might signal impending liquidity issues or asset depreciation, while operational risk indicators might highlight process inefficiencies or supply chain disruptions. By monitoring these indicators, businesses can respond promptly to evolving risks, adapt their strategies, and capitalize on opportunities.**风险指标在企业决策中的重要性**风险指标对于企业的明智决策至关重要。
内控系统中出现的英文字母缩写
业务资格的会计师事务所对内部控制的有效性进行审计。
于2010年4月26日，五部委又联合发布了《企业内部控制配套指引》。
该配套指引包括18项《企业内部控制应用指引》、《企业内部控制评价指引》和《企业内部控制审计指引》。
至此，中国企业内部控制规范体系基本建成。
3. 内部控制内部控制是由公司董事会、管理层和其他有关人员实施，为实现以下目标提供合理保证而设计的程序，其目标包括业务运营的有效性和高效率、财务报告的可靠性及遵守适用的法律及法规。
4. 业务单位（BU）业务单位的定义取决于该公司的性质和组织构架。
业务单位可以是法人机构(子公司)，一个部门或一个营运场所(如: 工厂或营业部)。
管理层确定用于界定和测试的业务单位时，必须进行大量的判断。
选择业务单位目的是确保内控程序在其执行的层面上得到评估和测试。
下面列出的是在确定业务单位时可以考虑的事项：λ ·财务信息的来源(如，法人机构、业务单位、工厂或营业部)·公司各层面的中央集中处理程序/共享会计服务的程度λ·地区性机构λλ ·法律结构·管理层结构/行政划分λ·适用于权益法核算的投资λ·按照FIN 46合并的机构λ5. 风险控制矩阵（RCM）风险控制矩阵是国际上普遍使用的风险管理工具之一，它为确保所有有关的内部控制都得到了充分的记录提供了一个严谨的架构，并为识别内控缺陷提供了一个结构性的机制，有利于内控标准化记录的使用。
6. 业务流程或业务循环业务流程或业务循环是确保公司完成任务及实现业务目标的一系列活动。
这些活动可能按复杂性进行排列，从执行简单活动(如处理发票)到管理业务运行的关键要素(如批发商的存货管理和配送系统)，到执行职能性任务(如保留机构的财务记录)，再到跨职能要素(如机构的人力资源部门)。
7. 子流程或子循环子流程或子循环是机构管理层专门制定会计流程和内控的一组交易。
例如，收入和应收账款业务流程可能包括子流程，如开出发票、定价或处理现金收款。