郑州外国语学校2018届高三上学期第八次调研考试试题语文
河南省郑州一中2018届高三上学期周测语文试卷
18届高三语文阶段测试（三）一、成语题（每题2分，共40分）1、下列各句中加点成语的使用，全都正确的一项是①王勃在滕王阁盛会上，当众挥笔而书，率尔成章．．．．，于是《滕王阁序》横空出世，“落霞与孤鹜齐飞，秋水共长天一色”熠熠生辉。
②郑州园博园中具有浓郁中原传统文化风情的轩辕阁、华夏馆、华盛轩等，建筑体型独特，器宇轩昂．．．．，是一组标志性建筑。
③他们认为艺术关系到国魂，应把艺术作为唤醒民众的重要手段，立志革除画坛上陈陈相因．．．．、了无生气的积弊，大胆吸收外来营养。
④我们一定坚持海纳百川、从谏如流．．．．的作风，将各位专家的意见建议转化为实际的工作思路和措施，不断提升我市的综合竞争力。
⑤8·10特大交通事故，再次暴露了安全责任落实不到位、安全管理不严格等问题，人们对这场本不该发生的事件痛不欲生．．．．。
⑥各级政府的救助基金、专项扶持资金种类繁多，而一些企业对这些资金的发放政策不甚了．．．了．，代办中介服务便应运而生。
A.①②③B.②③④C.③④⑥D.④⑤⑥2、下列各句中加点成语的使用，全都正确的一项是①近代中国的百年动荡，再加上种种原因导致的对传统家族的批判，使现代中国人已经无法体验到文化世家的精髓了。
家风溃败之后，斯文扫地．．．．，涌现的往往便是各种“二代”的负面新闻。
②针对道路交通的拥堵问题，很多政协委员认为，政府不应安堵如故．．．．，而应积极作为，多方联手打造城市通畅交通圈。
③关于罗贯中的籍贯和生平，研究的人虽然很多，但一直言人人殊．．．．，始终没有一个定论，因此这个问题还可研究。
④上海这场古董表拍卖会结果差强人意．．．．，美国收藏家协会会员项华收藏的30款古董表昨天仅仅拍出了一块，以底价1 200元拍出。
⑤每个人在监督别人是否文明的时候，更要反求诸己．．．．，不能宽以待己、严以待人，更不能以“文明”的名义助长“围观暴力”之风。
⑥我们每个人都是既有长处又有不足的，不可能完美无缺，因此要多看自己的闪光点，允许自己存在不足，切不可求全责备．．．．。
2018届高三第八次模拟考试语文试题 含答案
绝密★启用前试卷类型A山东师大附中2018级高三第八次模拟考试语文试卷本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共8页。
满分150分。
考试用时150分钟。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。
2．第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
答案写在试卷上无效。
3．第Ⅱ卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第Ⅰ卷（共36分）一、（每小题3分，共15分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
谜语文化渊远流长．．明．．．．，是劳动人民集体智慧的产物，是我国汉文化的璀灿珠。
谜语主要指暗射事物（或/和）文字等供人猜测的隐语，也可引申．．为蕴．涵奥秘的事物。
史料表明，大约在奴隶社会时期，先民们已开始用隐晦曲．折的歌谣来表达思想感情。
民间谜语除少量的字谜外，大都以事物的外表特征入谜。
谜面用拟人、比喻、夸张等（抽象化/形象化）手法拐弯抹角．．．．地描绘事物特征，①。
它们的谜面一般是合辙押韵的歌谣，语言通俗，朗朗．．上口，适合（传诵/传颂）。
灯谜，又叫“文虎”“灯虎”。
猜灯谜要着．眼于谜面上文字的几个属性。
灯谜的制作利用了中国汉字的一字多义、一字多音、笔画组合、摹技相形等②，通过会意、别解、假借、运典、拆字等手法，使谜面和谜底在字义上或字形上相扣合。
比如以“花生”为谜底的灯谜谜面是“木兰之子”。
1．文中加点字的注音和加点词语的字形，都正确的一项是A．渊远流长蕴（yùn） B．抹（mò）引申C．曲（qū）璀灿 D．朗（láng）着（zhuó）2．依次选用文中括号里的词语，最恰当的一项是A．或抽象化传诵 B．和形象化传颂C．和抽象化传颂 D．或形象化传诵3．在文中两处横线上依次填入语句，衔接最恰当的一项是A．①人们通过推理、联想来猜中它②音、形、义变化的特点B．①人们通过联想、推理来猜中它②义、音、形变化的特点C．①供人们通过联想、推理来猜中它②义、音、形变化的特点D．①供人们通过联想、推理来猜中它②音、形、义变化的特点4．下列各句中加点成语的使用，全都正确的一项是①这种真挚隐于字里行间，所以作者笔下所描绘的一切才那么宛然美丽，富有灵气；文字才那么清丽畅达，珠圆玉润．．．．。
河南省2018届高三年级7月调研考试语文试卷(含答案)
河南省2018届高三年级7月调研考试语文试题第Ⅰ卷阅读题一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。
丝绸之路是民族交流融合的舞台“驼铃古道丝绸路，胡马犹闻唐汉风。
”古代丝绸之路架起了一座交流物产、连通人心的桥梁，对我国各民族交流融合、对东西方经济文化交往都起到了十分重要的作用。
当前，深入推进“一带一路”建设，续写古代丝绸之路的传奇，不仅要看到其对沿线国家和地区经济发展的推动作用，还要看到其在民族交流融合方面的纽带作用。
古代丝绸之路大体有草原道、绿洲道、茶马道以及海上道四条。
除了汉族，北方和西北游牧民族也是丝绸之路的重要开拓者，他们的马队和骆驼队踏出了一条横贯欧亚大陆的草原丝路。
他们的迁徙浪潮、相互交往以及游牧经济特点，使其自然而然地成为古代丝绸之路上的重要角色。
早期月氏、乌孙、匈奴等民族，在开通草原古道、推动游牧文明与农耕文明交流等方面发挥了重要作用。
继月氏、乌孙、匈奴等民族之后，鲜卑、柔然、吐谷浑、突厥、吐蕃、回纥、契丹、党项、蒙古等民族，都曾和丝绸之路结下不解之缘，有的一度控制了草原道和绿洲道，成为经营东西方贸易的主角。
公元439年，鲜卑建立的北魏政权统一了我国北方，使丝绸之路自汉代以来再度繁荣起来。
北魏、西夏占据河西走廊后，吐谷浑控制的“青海道”和吐蕃控制的“青唐道”成为中原和南方通往西域的通道。
因此，“青海道”又称“吐谷浑道”，“青唐道”又称“吐蕃道”。
再看回纥，其与唐朝绢马贸易换回的绸绢，除了供汗国贵族享用，还通过“草原道”大量转输到西方。
“安史之乱”后，吐蕃完全占据了河西走廊及陇右地区，传统的丝绸之路东段受到阻遏，唐朝和西域各国的交往一度绕道回纥居住地。
因此，这一时期的草原丝路有“回纥道”之称。
“吐谷浑道”“吐蕃道”“回纥道”……丝绸之路上民族交流融合绵延不断，开遍了民族交流融合之花。
在肯定我国古代北方和西北游牧民族为丝绸之路的开拓与繁荣作出重要贡献的同时，更要充分认识中原王朝的主体作用。
2018年高三语文调研试卷含答案
2 0 1 8年高三年级调考试题语文本试卷分四部分。
满分150分，考试时间为1 50分钟。
请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名和测试号用黑色字迹的字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸上。
2．选择题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试题卷上。
一、语言文字应用（共20分）1．下列各句中，没有错别字且加点字的注音全都正确的一项是（3分）A.雾霾(mái)的出现是大自然给人类的警告，过度开发、超标排放，使我们赖以生存的土地、水源、天空成为了垃圾桶；雾霾的加重，说明空气承载(zài)力已到了零界点。
B晚秋澄(dèng)清的天，像一望无际的平静的碧海；强烈的白光在空中跳动着，宛如海面泛起的微波；山脚下的棵棵高粱时时摇曳(yè)着丰满的穗头，好似波动着的红水；而衰黄了的树叶却给田野着上了凋敝的颜色。
C《我爱我家》的一张旧剧照，葛优在沙发上那副慵懒的躺姿，走红网络，被网友戏称为“葛优躺”，其背后所深藏着的某种职业倦怠(dài)和精神困顿，藉(jiè)一张图片淋漓尽致地发泄了出来。
D．大小屏幕代替了书籍文本，键盘语音代替了信札(zá)驿马，朗读，已经不再仅仅是朗读，它被加上了一层梦幻的滤镜，覆盖上了文化和美的薄(bó)纱，提醒我儿思念那回不去的过去。
阅读下面的文字，完成2-3题。
[甲]“诗人固穷’’和“诗人高贵”这两种观念都在唐宋时期绵延．．甚久、影响甚广。
[乙]到底谁是“诗人’’呢？穷愁的寒士，还是高贵的艺术家？这个问题本无答案。
对它的追问本身，就是一段精彩的唐宋士大夫精神生活史。
[丙]从中我们可以发现：“诗人固穷”的观念，体现了士大夫对政治的永恒依赖：“诗人高贵”的观念，体现了士大夫对政治的自觉疏离。
纯粹艺术气质的“诗人”形象在南宋诗歌中的普遍流行，在一定程度上反映了南宋士大夫精神生活的新动向一一他们不只．．追求官僚、学者、文人三位一体的综合型士大夫气象，而是安然并合理地追求某一种身份，自觉地塑造某一类人格。
郑州外国语学校第八次调考英语试卷及答案.docx
郑州外国语学校2018届高三上学期第八次调研考试英语试题第I卷第一部分:单项选择（满分30分）1. We the old scientist his contribution the country.A. admire; for; toB. admire; at; toC. respect; on; forD. respect; on; at2. ---Please call me at 8:00 tomorrow morning. I’m forgetful.---Don’t worry about that. You’ll be surely .A. remindedB. toldC. warnedD. informed3. _______ the numbers in employment, the hotel industry was the second largest industry in this countrylast year.A. In spite ofB. In case ofC. In terms ofD. In praise of4. Let’s not wait any longer. He might not at all.A. turn overB. turn upC. turn onD. turn down5. I have found a room which is comfortable .A. livingB. to liveC. to be lived inD. to live in6. Practisig Chinese kung fu can not only ________ one’s strength, but also develop one’scharacter.A. pull upB. take upC. bring upD. build up7. There was an oil painting in the corner. It there for several days.A. laying; had laidB. lain; had laidC. lying; had lainD. laid; had been lain8. Don’t waste time; let’s hands in the business.A. joinB. connectC. combineD. join in9. To my surprise, I this kind of sport.A. was benefited byB. was benefited fromC. benefited fromD. benefited10. ---You’re coughing badly, Martin. Why not give up smoking?---Give up smoking? Easier said than done, Amy. Once you the habit of smoking, it is very hard for you to .A. keep up; break it awayB. take up; drop it outC. pick up; get rid of itD. build up; do away with it11. ---Who is your favourite basketball player in China?---Yao Ming, of course. No one plays .A. betterB. bestC. goodD. well12.I can’t have you to your mother in a rude manner. You must apologize ____her.A. to speak; withB. speaking; toC. speak; withD. spoken ;to13. When I was a little boy, I lived in a small fishing village. The visit to the village reminded me of the _______ of my childhood.A. viewsB. scenesC. sceneryD. sights14. The driver shall be fined if he drives without the .A. permissionB. permitC. allowanceD. admittance15. Lack of money her not continuing her studies.A. accounts forB. cares forC. explains toD. approves of16. April Fool’s Day is coming. Be careful not to be when others play tricks on you.A. brought inB. caught inC. taken inD. made in17. you prefer, I’ll give it to you, but we haven’t any other models for you to choose from.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. HoweverD. Whichever18. People do not now believe in the of ghosts.A. birthB. evidenceC. existenceD. occurrence19. , I lost heart in English learning, but my teacher often said to me, “Keep on studying hard, and you’ll succeed .”A. At a time; in timeB. At a time; on timeC. At one time; in timeD. At one time; on time20. I will appreciate if you can come to my aid tomorrow.A. thatB. that itC. it thatD. it21. China won in 2008 Beijing Olympics as they did in 2004 Athens Olympics.A. more than one and a half times as many gold medalsB. gold medals more than one and a half times as manyC. as more than one and a half times many gold medalsD. more than one and a half times gold medals as many22. The baby was playing on the carpet by all kinds of toys.A. surroundingB. surroundedC. surroundsD. having surrounded23. It is his first job interview, so there is no room for mistake in the first .A. instructionB. expressionC. impressionD. description24. It always takes the class a while to at the start of the class.A. settle onB. settle inC. settle downD. settle up25.He has no idea what the book is about．He ________ have read it very carefully．A. needn’tB. shouldn’tC. can’tD. mustn’t26. I suffered in the earthquake last week and only then ________ the value of life．A. had I realizedB. did I realizeC.I realizedD.I had realized27. Before 1973, it was a common ________ that Roman children were taken away from their parents and sent to nurseries.A. behaviorB. habitC. practiceD. tradition28. Because of the decrease of income, many consumers _________ their expenses, which makes many workers out of work.A. cut outB. cut downC. cut offD. cut short29. It’s the protection for the trees ____ really matters, _______ how many trees are planted each year.A. which; or ratherB. that; rather thanC. what; other thanD. as; more than30.Anyone who breaks laws can’t _____punishment.A. break away fromB. get away fromC. run away withD. get away with第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项AFor the Swiss, punctuality is a source of deep satisfaction. They obtain real joy from the fact that life unfolds on time and in a highly efficient manner. Whenever I visit Switzerland, I go through several stages of punctuality reaction. At first it delights me, especially if I'm coming from neighboring Italy orFrance with their rather more flexible approach to timekeeping. By contrast, life in Switzerland is enthusiastic and dependable. If someone says they will meet me at 2 pm, they arrive at 2 pm not 2:05 (or 1:55, for that matter). I like this, for a while.Then it annoys me. The extreme punctuality strikes me as a kind of being mean, and I find myself agreeing with the English writer Evelyn Waugh who said that "punctuality is the virtue of the bored."That is unfair though, and finally I come to appreciate Swiss punctuality for what it is: a deep expression of respect for other people. A punctual person is a considerate one. By showing up on time for everything, a Swiss person is saying, in effect," I value your time and, by extension, I value you."It's no coincidence that the Swiss are the world's watchmakers. Which came first, the precise clocks and watches or the precise people? Hard to say, but the result is the same: a nation where the trains and everything else really do run on time.How to explain this punctuality? No one knows for sure. But a popular theory is that, historically, it arises from the tough, mountainous area. Either you planted your crops on time and harvested them at the correct time or, well, you starved.Punctuality, sadly, is a dying art in many parts of the world. Mobile phones are partly to blame. We feel less compelled to arrive on time if we can always text to say we're running a few minutes late. I don't sense that is happening in Switzerland, though.Punctuality is not without its weaknesses. Extreme punctuality also creates an expectation, and if that expectation is not met, disappointment follows. On those rare occasions when things do not function smoothly, the Swiss get nervous, confused and angry.31. The passage is probably taken from a .A. A history bookB. A business newspaperC. A cultural guidebookD. An economic magazine32. Which of the following does NOT belong to the author's attitudes towards the Swiss punctuality?A. Pleased.B. Exhausted.C. Annoyed.D. Appreciative.33. What do the Swiss people want to show by arriving on time?A. To show their respect for other people.B. To show that they have the best watches.C. To show that they are considerate personsD. To show that they are the best watchmakers in the world.BThroughout Europe golf has been popular for many years. A recent report says that in Great Britain alone, 700 new golf courses will have to be built over the next ten years to meet people's needs.This is all good news for golf lovers, but it worries those who want to protect the environment. Their argument is that the new courses are disturbing the balance of nature. Woods, ponds and fields are being dug up to make way for the courses. The birds and animals that used to live there are being killed or forced to leave. The amount of water that a club uses to keep its courses in good condition is reducing the amount of water available for industrial and other uses. The chemicals used to control insects are sinking into the underground water.There may be some truth in this, but it is not the whole truth. The days are long past when building of any kind was allowed in beautiful places with no thought for the environment. Planning permission, nowadays, is as strict for golf courses as it is for any other type of development. Before any such project is given the go-ahead, many things are studied. It is only when it is clear no harm will be done to the areathat the builders are allowed to move in.A strong case can even be made that golf courses are actually good for the areas where they are built. Courses are usually built in the areas which are not areas of natural beauty. The new courses often make the area look livelier. To make holes more difficult, trees are planted and lakes are filled in around greens. Not surprisingly perhaps, it is not unusual to find that, within months of a course being completed, a lot of animals and birds have moved in.Obviously, careful thought has to go into the design of the new courses. As few changes as possible should be made to the natural environment. Woods and wildlife should be also protected. But this can be, and is being, done. There is no reason why golfers and nature cannot live peacefully together.34. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?A. The rules for playing golf.B. How to protect the environment.C. The disadvantages of building golf courses.D. Whether golf courses should be built or not.35. According to Paragraph 4, golf courses________.A. make local areas look more beautifulB. provide more jobs for local peopleC. are harmful to the local environmentD. waste too much water and money36. Which of the following can best describe the author's attitude in the passage?A. Uninterested.B. Worried.C. Hopeful.D. Doubtful.37. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (P = Paragraph)CJohn Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn’t, the girl with the rose.His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in a Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner’s name, Miss Hollis Maynell. With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War II.During the next year and one month the two grew to know each other through mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding. Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn’t matter what she looked like.When the day finally came for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting --7:00 PM at the Great Central Station in New York. “You’ll recognize me,” she wrote, “by the red rose I’ll be wearing on my lapel.” So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but whoseface he’d never seen.I’ll let Mr. Blanchard tell you what happened: A young woman was coming toward me, and her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears; her eyes were blue as flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like springtime come alive. I started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, attractive smile curved her lips. “Going my way, sailor?” she murmured.Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Hollis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was walking quickly away. I felt as though I was split in two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly accompanied me and upheld my own.And there she stood. Her pale，plump face was gentle and sensible，her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her.This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love, a friendship for which I had been and must ever be grateful. I squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman, even though while I spoke I felt choked by the bitterness of my disappointment. I’m Lieutenant (中尉）John Blanchard，and you must be Miss Maynell. I am so glad you could meet me; may I take you to dinner?”The woman’s face broadened into a tolerant smile. “I don’t know what this is about, son,” she answered, “but the young lady in the green suit who just went by, she begged me to wear this rose on my coat and she said if you were to ask me out to dinner, I should go and tell you that she is waiting for you in the big restaurant across the street. She said it was some kind of test!”It’s not difficult to understand and admire Miss Maynell's wisdom. The true nature of a heart is seen in its response to the unattractive, “Tell me whom you love,” Houssaye wrote, “And I will tell you who you are.”38. T he underlined phrase “intrigued” in Paragraph 2 means “______”.A. satisfied withB. fascinated byC. encouraged byD. frustrated with39. Hollis refused to send Blanchard a photo because _____ .A. she thought true love is beyond appearanceB. she wasn’t confident about her appearanceC. she was only a middle-aged womanD. she had never taken any photo before they knew40. When Blanchard went over to greet the woman, he was_____ .A. disappointed but well-behavedB. excited and confidentC. annoyed and bad-manneredD. shocked but inspired41. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Don’t Judge a Book by its CoverB. The Symbol of RoseC. Love is BlindD. A Test of LoveDThe broad definition of migration, “permanent change of residence”, usually inclu des a move across a city or a town. What we are concerned about is movement between nations, not internal migrationwithin nations, although such movements often go beyond international movements in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants.Students of human migration speak of "push" and "pull" factors, which influence an individual’s decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job, or as painful as war, or severe famine (starvation).Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often these are economic, such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the United States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential destinations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as the presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerations of this sort lead to the development of migration flow.Besides push and pull factors, there are what the sociologists call “intervening (干预) obstacles”. Even if push and(or) pull factors are very strong, they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problems likely to be encountered on arrival.The decision to move is also influenced by “personal factors” of the potential migrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and rather difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another.Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are hated by native people who may have to compete with them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.42. Suppose Michael is thinking of migrating to a new place but he is faced with several choices of destinations, what may contribute to his final decision?A. The people he knows.B. Better job opportunities.C. Good land to farm.D. The distance travelled.43. Why does the author compare an unmarried young man with an older man with a family? Because _.A. they differ in their abilities to learn a new language and customsB. their abilities to compete for a better job or a better farm land are differentC. the older one is more likely to be accepted into the mainstream of the new societyD. different stages of lives will lead to their different decisions to migration44. We can infer from the passage that ________.A. p ull factors may include one’s difficulty in finding a job or suffering from famine.B. push-pull factors are so strong as to be more important than intervening factors.C. new immigrants often need to suffer great hardships to fit in with the new environment.D. the same push-pull factors may produce similar effect on people with different personalities.45. The purpose of the passage is to discuss ________.A. the problems of international migrantsB. the motives of international migrantsC. the migration problems inside the countryD. the adjustment problem among migrants第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
【全国百强校】河南省郑州外国语学校2018届高三上学期第六次调研考试文数答案
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2018届河南省郑州外国语学校高三第十七次调研考试语文试题(解析版)
2018届河南省郑州外国语学校高三第十七次调研考试语 文注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第I 卷（选择题）一、选择题1．下列各句中加点成语的使用，全都不正确的一项是（ ）①现在少数媒体放着有重要新闻价值的素材不去挖掘，反倒抓住某些明星的一些逸闻就笔走龙蛇．．．．，这种做法真是令人费解。
②担任校长以来，林先生朝乾夕惕．．．．，孜孜不倦，优化了校园环境，鼓起了老师们的干劲，使全校呈现出欣欣向荣之象。
③从某种意义上讲，搞财务工作犹如坂上走丸．．．．，有一定的风险，只有精通业务，严于律己，才能“化险为夷”。
④席远丘为人孝友恬淡，通达时务。
他在任十年，致力整顿吏治，发硎新试．．．．，百姓深获其利。
⑤著名作家王家的最新力作《得民心得天下》，对儒家经典《孟子》进行了睿智深刻的解读，再现了《孟子》的微言大义．．．．，尽展大师风采。
⑥令人哭笑不得的是，他喊冤不是因为他觉得自己罚不当罪．．．．，而是因为他认为还有其他人没有被揪出来，相比之下他觉得“不公平”。
A. ①②⑤B. ①③④C. ②③④D. ③④⑥2．下列各项中，没有语病的一句是（ ）A. 2017年是中澳旅游年，澳大利亚与中国签署了具有里程碑意义的开放航空协议，实施了重大的签证革，从而促进了游客数量的显著增长。
B. 中国人民在一次次奋起反抗并取得伟大胜利的过程中形成了团结统一、勤劳勇敢、自强不息的伟大民精神。
正是这种精神，中华民族才得以生存和发展。
C. 美国政府封杀中兴只会让中国投入更多资源发展科技，从而进一步减少对美国公司的依赖，最终将发展成为美国最强劲的竞争项目。
河南省郑州外国语学校2018届高三上学期第一次月考语文试卷(含答案)
郑州外国语学校2017-2018学年高三上期练习卷（—）语文(150分钟 150分）第Ⅰ卷阅读题（91分）一、现代文阅读<39分）(论述类文木阅读(9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。
中国文学史的本与末鲁迅先生在《魏晋风度及文章与药及酒之关系》的演讲中指出：“用近代的文学眼光来看,曹丕的一个时代可说是‘文学的自觉时代’”,其本意为嘲讽新月派与创造社“为艺术而艺术”的文学主张,孰料有人提出：“魏晋文学自觉说”。
中国古代文学自产生就自觉担负起传承道义的社会教化重任，“魏晋文学自觉说”乃至“文学的自觉”并不适宜用来描述中国古代文学的发展历程。
中国古代“文学”的内涵虽然有一个不断演变的过程，新的又体也不断涌现，但正如曹丕《典论·论文》所说：“文本同而末异。
”言志载道的传统是“本”，具体文体和文辞的变化是“末”，根本点并没有发生过动摇。
近代以前，中国文人的主要学习及研究对象是经史、诸子、辞赋等著作,但20世纪以来,中国受西方文学观念尤其是19世纪初法国女作家斯达尔夫人《论文学》的影响,认为文学的特质为抒情性、形象性与典型性。
照此标准,中国古代文学经典如六经、诸子就不是文学,至多含有文学因素。
中国古代文学研究者更侧重符合西洋近代文学分类的诗歌、小说、戏曲等文学种类的研究,这种现象限制了学者研究的范围,破坏了中国文学历时三千年的完整性和包容道统价值的深刻性。
这种典型的西方中心主义的文学观是对中国古代文学及其价值的否定。
探讨中国文学史,不能背离与古代文学共生共长的学术传统,更不能失去对传统的敬畏。
若将六经、诸子等以原道、载道为价值追求、引导社会向善为终极目标的著作从中国文学史中剥离,中国文学将失去自身特色,中国文学研究将不具有完整性。
倡魏晋文学自觉说?者多以曹丕《典论·论文》之?诗赋欲丽?为据,认为魏晋时期文学从政治、教化和社会责任感的束缚中挣脱,重视表现个人情感,对艺术审美性有了自觉追求。
2018最新试题资料-河南省郑州外国语学校2018届高三上学期第三次月考(语文)
河南省郑州外国语学校2018届高三上学期第三次月考（语文）河南省郑州外国语学校2018届高三上学期第三次月考（语）河南省郑州外国语学校2018届高三上学期第三次月考（语）5 c 河南省郑州外国语学校2018届高三上学期第三次月考（语）20180103本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷1至4页，第Ⅱ卷4至12页。
共150分。
考试时间150分钟。
考试结束，将答题卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷（30分）注意事项 1．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。
不能答在试卷上。
3．考试结束，将第Ⅱ卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、（每小题3分，共12分）1．下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是 A．蚝油（há）霞帔（pèi）祛除（qū）棠棣（lì） B．打烊（àng）遽然（ù）稂莠（liáng）狡狯（uài） c．妊娠（chén）儆戒（ǐng）翕动（xī）煊赫（xuān） D．蓦然（ò）褫夺（chǐ）市侩（uài）黄芪（qí）2．下列各项中，加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是（）A．国际社会普遍认为，对伊朗与俄罗斯合作发展核电站一事不应反应过激，可以通过外交手段进行协商，施压太大有时可能会适得其反。
B．兄弟俩原关系亲密，好得不可开交，但是自从因财产继承产生纠纷闹上法庭之后，两兄弟渐渐疏远，形同路人。
c．影片《贫民窟的百万富翁》成为第81届奥斯卡奖的最大赢家，它如愿以偿地囊括了包括最佳电影、最佳导演在内的8个奖项。
D．云南一民警酒后斗殴开枪杀人，影响恶劣，安机关应从此案中吸取教训，举一反三，痛定思痛，采取有力措施加强队伍建设。
3．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是A．如何在肯定草根化的同时，不过分鼓吹偶像崇拜，而是放大草根中“励志”的因素，把社会主流价值观传递给大众，是值得娱乐媒体深思的问题。
【全国百强校】河南省郑州外国语学校2018届高三上学期第六次调研考试语文答案
第1页郑州外国语学校2018届高三上期第六次调研考试答案1．D （记住乡愁，有利于弘扬和践行社会主义核心价值视，说乡愁“是……重要保证”夸大其词）2．C （这篇文章采取的是总分总结构，①⑧是总，②③④⑤⑥⑦是分；其中③④⑤⑥⑦又是总分关系，③是总，④⑤⑥⑦是分）3．B （原文是说“修身、齐家做好了，才有资格去治国、平天下”“义”不是说就一定要去治国平天下）4.C （“多次使用直接描写和侧面描写相结合的手法”说法有误，只有最后“我”拿出蜂王浆的言行才从侧面表现出“我”对石油工人的敬仰之情。
）5.①吸引读者，激发读者的阅读兴趣；（2分）②“不速之客”略带贬义，而文中的“他”厚道热情、乐于助人，这样使读者形成理解上的反差，从而给人留下深刻的印象。
（3分）6.情节特点：①出乎意料：小侯是假的，父亲也是假的；他们都发现对方的假之后，还愿意再假下去。
②符合情理，小侯父子为国家建设献出生命。
感动了“他”和老孟，再加上中国人对亲情的传统认识，所以“他”和老孟愿意完成这个特殊的任务。
艺术效果：这样的情节安排表现出平凡的石油工人伟大的家国情怀。
（每点2分，意思对即可给分。
答“主要用对话展开故事情节”“故事情节平中见奇”等，并解释清楚都可以酌情给分）7．B （原文标点：妖人岑探善幻，聚党二千人，谋取新兴，略番禺，包据岭表，群不逞借之为虐，其势张甚。
之奇遣铃辖杨从先致讨，生擒之。
）8．C （不合文意，“故事”在文中应为“典范”）9．B （混淆范围，分流淮河是在元丰六年，而非淮东任职期间）蒋之奇，字颖叔，常州宜兴人。
考进士，考中《春秋三传》科，官至太常博士；又举贤良方正，考试六论中选。
当初，蒋之奇被欧阳修厚爱，制科已经被落选，就对欧阳修极言关于濮王称父的好处，以便得到御史的职位。
又害怕不被人所容纳，趁着欧阳修妻子的弟弟薛良孺得了罪怨恨欧阳修，诬陷欧阳修和妇人吴氏的事情，弹劾欧阳修。
神宗批示交给中书处理，经过审问情况不合事实，贬蒋之奇监道州酒税，在朝堂列榜。
郑州外国语学校第八次调考物理试卷及答案.docx
郑州外国语学校2018届高三上学期第八次调研考试试题物理试题第I卷一、选择题（本题共12小题1，共48分．1-8题单选，9-12多选．全部选对的得4分，选不全的得2分，有选错或不答的得0分）1.如图甲所示, AB是某电场中的一条电场线, 若有一电子以某一初速度且仅在电场力的作用下, 沿AB由点A运动到点B, 所经位置的电势随距A点的距离变化的规律如图乙所示.以下说法正确的是( )A. A、B两点的电场强度E A<E BB. 电子在A、B两点的速度v A<v BC. A、B两点的电势φA<φBD. 电子在A、B两点的电势能E P A <E PB2. 如图所示, 平直路面上有A、B两块挡板, 相距6米, 一物块以8m/s的初速度从紧靠A板处出发, 在A、B两板间作往复匀减速运动. 物块每次与A、B板碰撞均以原速被反弹回去, 现要求物块最终停在距B板2m处, 已知物块与A挡板只碰撞了一次, 则物块的加速度大小可能为( )A.4m/s2B.3.2m/s2C.2m/s2D.1.4m/s23. 如图所示, 质量为m2的物体2放在正沿平直轨道向右行驶的车厢底板上, 并用竖直细绳通过光滑定滑轮连接质量为m1的物体1, 与物体1相连接的绳与竖直方向成θ角, 则( )A. 车厢的加速度大小为g sinθB. 绳对物体1的拉力为m1g cosθC. 底板对物体2的支持力为(m2-m1)gD. 物体2所受底板的摩擦力为m2g tanθ4. 如图所示P AQ是一个固定的光滑轨道，其中P A是直线部分，AQ是半径为R的半圆弧，P A与AQ在A点处平滑连接，P、Q两点在同一水平高度。
现有一小球自P点由静止开始沿轨道下滑。
那么（）A. 小球不可能达到Q点，P比Q至少高 0.5R才能经Q点沿切线方向飞出B. 小球能到达Q点，到达后，又沿原轨道返回C. 小球能到达Q点，到达后，将自由下落D. 小球能到达Q点，到达后，恰能沿圆弧的切线方向飞出5.如图所示，输出电压恒定的交流电源通过一段电阻为r1输电线路接入一理想变压器，变压后又通过一段电阻为r2线路接用电器，其中灯L1、L的规格完全相同，R为一滑动变阻器. 现将R的滑片P向上滑动，则交流电压表V、交2流电流表A的示数变化及灯L1、L2的亮暗变化情况应为( )A. V减小，A增大，灯L1变暗、L2变亮B. V减小，A减小，灯L1变亮，灯L2变暗C. V不变，A减小，灯L变暗，灯L2 变亮D. V增大，A增大，灯L1 变暗，灯L2变亮6. 如图所示, 有一个正方形的匀强磁场区域abcd, e是ad的中点, f是cd的中点, 如果在a点沿对角线方向以速度v射入一带负电的粒子, 最后粒子恰好从e点射出,则( )A.如果粒子的速度增大为原来的二倍, 将从d点射出B.如果粒子的速度增大为原来的三倍, 将从f点射出C.如果粒子的速度不变, 磁场的磁感应强度变为原来的二倍, 也将从d点射出D.只改变粒子的速度使其分别从e、d、f点射出时, 从f点射出所用时间最长7.设空间存在竖直向下的匀强电场和垂直纸面向里的匀强磁场，如图所示，已知一离子在电场力和洛伦兹力的作用下，从静止开始自A点沿曲线ACB运动，到达B点时速度为零，C点是运动的最低点，忽略重力，以下说法错误．．的是（）A. 该离子带正电B. 离子在A点和B点的电势能相等C. 离子在C点时速度最大D. 离子到达B点后，将沿原曲线返回A点8.如图所示, 光滑水平面上存在有界匀强磁场, 直径与磁场宽度相同的金属圆形线圈在水平外力作用下，以速度v匀速通过磁场，速度方向与磁场边界的夹角为θ，磁感应强度的大小为B，圆形线圈的电阻为R，线圈的直径为d，则( )A. 从上往下看，金属框内感应电流方向先顺时针再逆时针B. 金属线圈收到的安培力始终水平向左C. 回路中的最大电流为Bdv/RD. 水平外力的最大值为B2d2v/R9. 均匀分布在地球赤道平面上空的三颗同步通信卫星能够实现除地球南北极等少数地区外的“全球通信”, 已知地球半径为R, 地球表面的重力加速度为g, 同步卫星所在轨道处的重力加速度为g', 地球自转周期为T, 下面列出的是关于三颗卫星中任意两颗卫星间距离S 的表达式, 其中正确的是( )A. 32224 3T gR π B. 32224 3πT gR 错误！未找到引用源。
2018届河南省郑州外国语学校高三第十五次调研语文答案
郑州外国语学校2018届高三第十五次调研考试参考答案一、现代文阅读（35分）1．B（A项，“中国传统建筑显得黯然失色，土里土气”不正确。
原文指的是“保存下来的古建筑”。
C项，“轻观赏价值”于文无据。
D项，强加因果；且“西方古建筑”扩大范围，原文为“一座哥特式大教堂”。
）2．D（“有力地论证了中国传统建筑优于西方”的说法错误。
文章认为，中同传统建筑并非不如西方，两者各有特色。
）3．A（“这是由自然环境决定的”于文无据。
）4．A（3分）（并没有暗示亲情敌不过现实的寒酸与残酷，只是表现了生活窘迫，文章也不算含蓄深沉。
）5.（1）“红腰带”是本命年时避灾求平安的吉祥物，每12年系一次，象征对美好生活的向往、期盼，也象征着人生的不同阶段。
（1分，答出一个象征意义即得1分。
）（2）“布鞋”象征着艰难窘迫的生活现状。
当同学们都穿着胶质球鞋时，他只能穿手工缝制的布鞋，这双布鞋给他带来了很大的痛苦。
（2分）（3）“汽笛”象征着警醒与启示。
在他几近崩溃时，汽笛声让他惊醒，他的精神状态由此发生了巨变。
（2分）（共5分，意思对即可。
）6.（1）这次赶考让作家明确了人生目标，那就是不能永远穿着没有厚底的破布鞋走路，于是他开始不断奋斗，努力改变生活的状态。
（3分）（2）这次赶考令作家获得了独特的生命体验，改变了对待生活的态度，让他面对人生的苦难挫折不再卑怯、痛苦，不再动摇、辩解，而是充满希望和勇气。
（3分）（共6分，意思对即可。
）7．C(“关键在于消费者自身建设不足”错。
文中有“在知识供给方面,提供的内容或方法不对路”的信息,这说明服务商也存在问题)8.A、E(答对一项给2分,全对给5分)(B“狭义的知识付费”不包括线下售卖加工过的知识信息产品和服务。
C虽然图片显示人们对文字类知识付费产品的未来使用倾向有所下降,但仍保持较高的使用频率,不能说“兴趣不高”。
D概括不全面。
材料认为知识付费的发展方向有两个方面,一是知识产品业要大发展,二是知识服务对知识产品的推动)9.互联网时代信息量大,工作压力大、竞争激烈等,使人产生焦虑感,会给人带来学习的意愿。
2018届河南省郑州外国语学校高三上学期第六次调研考试语文试题word版
郑州外国语学校 2018 届高三上学期第六次调研考试试题语文（150 分钟150 分）命题人：李燕芳审核人：廖伟第 I 卷阅读题（69 分）一、现代文阅读（23 分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共 3 小题，9 分）阅读下面的文字，完成 1——3 题。
中华美德的别样呈现李捷①纪录片《记住乡愁》以其独特的魅力吸引了观众的目光，让人看完后回味无穷。
一部纪录片为何会给人如此大的冲击力？②这部纪录片抓住了当今时代最强音，即弘扬和践行社会主义核心价值观，为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦而奋斗。
这部纪录片是中华美德的微缩版。
片中展现了各地大小不一、历史悠久的乡村，以小见大阐述了乡村的丰富内涵以及在美丽山村中积淀的中国传统文化。
③这些山村里涵养着我们民族优秀的历史文化，这些历史文化凭借其顽强的生命力一直流传至今，在现代仍然在发挥着它的价值，传递着中华民族的核心价值。
这种传统文化价值，让所有中国人看后激动、兴奋。
因为乡愁是人们长大远离家乡之后，最能触碰到内心深处的情怀，最能勾起民族记忆的情感。
在乡愁中，每个人都会产生共鸣，每个人都能找到民族价值与民族认同感。
乡愁，展现出来的是当代中国人的中国精神，这种精神发人深思，让人看后深受感染且受益匪浅。
这种精神饱含“情”“义”“理”“美”，让人看后不禁落下思乡之泪。
④“情”就是思乡之情，或为乡思之情，包括忠孝之情、父母之情、亲朋之情、手足之情等。
中国人最讲究情理，现在华夏儿女遍布世界各地，但一个“情”字便能将我们的心连成一片。
换言之，不论哪一个人走到任何一个地方，最后他都会时刻挂念养育自己的那片土地。
不论是山村，还是社区，不论是乡镇，还是城市，他总会回家看看。
这种情，就是中国人代代传承下来的。
⑤“义”是为人的要领。
族谱里渗透着乡规民约，为人的要领在这里展示得非常充分。
何谓合格的中国人？不一定才高八斗、学富五车，但一定要有道德、有修养，经得起各方人士的评头品足，对得起列祖列宗和自己的父老乡亲。
郑州外国语学校2018届高三上期第八次调研考试英语
郑州外国语学校2018届高三上学期第八次调研考试英语试题命题人：李琳徐亚丽第I卷第一部分:单项选择（满分30分）1. We the old scientist his contribution the country.A. admire; for; toB. admire; at; toC. respect; on; forD. respect; on; at2. ---Please call me at 8:00 tomo rrow morning. I’m forgetful.---Don’t worry about that. You’ll be surely .A. remindedB. toldC. warnedD. informed3. _______ the numbers in employment, the hotel industry was the second largest industry in this countrylast year.A. In spite ofB. In case ofC. In terms ofD. In praise of4. Let’s not wait any longer. He might not at all.A. turn overB. turn upC. turn onD. turn down5. I have found a room which is comfortable .A. livingB. to liveC. to be lived inD. to live in6. Practisig Chinese kung fu can not only ________ one’s strength, but also develop one’scharacter.A. pull upB. take upC. bring upD. build up7. There was an oil painting in the corner. It there for several days.A. laying; had laidB. lain; had laidC. lying; had lainD. laid; had been lain8. Don’t waste time; let’s hands in the business.A. joinB. connectC. combineD. join in9. To my surprise, I this kind of sport.A. was benefited byB. was benefited fromC. benefited fromD. benefited10. ---You’re coughing badly, Martin. Why not give up smoking?---Give up smoking? Easier said than done, Amy. Once you the habit of smoking, it is very hard for you to .A. keep up; break it awayB. take up; drop it outC. pick up; get rid of itD. build up; do away with it11. ---Who is your favourite basketball player in China?---Yao Ming, of course. No one plays .A. betterB. bestC. goodD. well12.I can’t have you to your mother in a rude manner. You must apologize ____her.A. to speak; withB. speaking; toC. speak; withD. spoken ;to13. When I was a little boy, I lived in a small fishing village. The visit to the village reminded me of the _______ of my childhood.A. viewsB. scenesC. sceneryD. sights14. The driver shall be fined if he drives without the .A. permissionB. permitC. allowanceD. admittance15. Lack of money her not continuing her studies.A. accounts forB. cares forC. explains toD. approves of16. April Fool’s Day is coming. Be careful not to be when others play tricks on you.A. brought inB. caught inC. taken inD. made in17. you prefer, I’ll give it to you, but we haven’t any other models for you to choose from.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. HoweverD. Whichever18. People do not now believe in the of ghosts.A. birthB. evidenceC. existenceD. occurrence19. , I lost heart in English learning, but my teacher often said to me, “Keep on studying hard, and you’ll succeed .”A. At a time; in timeB. At a time; on timeC. At one time; in timeD. At one time; on time20. I will appreciate if you can come to my aid tomorrow.A. thatB. that itC. it thatD. it21. China won in 2008 Beijing Olympics as they did in 2004 Athens Olympics.A. more than one and a half times as many gold medalsB. gold medals more than one and a half times as manyC. as more than one and a half times many gold medalsD. more than one and a half times gold medals as many22. The baby was playing on the carpet by all kinds of toys.A. surroundingB. surroundedC. surroundsD. having surrounded23. It is his first job interview, so there is no room for mistake in the first .A. instructionB. expressionC. impressionD. description24. It always takes the class a while to at the start of the class.A. settle onB. settle inC. settle downD. settle up25.He has no idea what the book is about．He ________ have read it very carefully．A. needn’tB. shouldn’tC. can’tD. mustn’t26. I suffered in the earthquake last week and only then ________ the value of life．A. had I realizedB. did I realizeC.I realizedD.I had realized27. Before 1973, it was a common ________ that Roman children were taken away from their parents and sent to nurseries.A. behaviorB. habitC. practiceD. tradition28. Because of the decrease of income, many consumers _________ their expenses, which makes many workers out of work.A. cut outB. cut downC. cut offD. cut short29. It’s the protection for the trees ____ really matters, _______ how many trees are planted each year.A. which; or ratherB. that; rather thanC. what; other thanD. as; more than30.Anyone who bre aks laws can’t _____punishment.A. break away fromB. get away fromC. run away withD. get away with第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项AFor the Swiss, punctuality is a source of deep satisfaction. They obtain real joy from the fact that life unfolds on time and in a highly efficient manner. Whenever I visit Switzerland, I go through severalstages of punctuality reaction. At first it delights me, especially if I'm coming from neighboring Italy or France with their rather more flexible approach to timekeeping. By contrast, life in Switzerland is enthusiastic and dependable. If someone says they will meet me at 2 pm, they arrive at 2 pm not 2:05 (or 1:55, for that matter). I like this, for a while.Then it annoys me. The extreme punctuality strikes me as a kind of being mean, and I find myself agreeing with the English writer Evelyn Waugh who said that "punctuality is the virtue of the bored."That is unfair though, and finally I come to appreciate Swiss punctuality for what it is: a deep expression of respect for other people. A punctual person is a considerate one. By showing up on time for everything, a Swiss person is saying, in effect," I value your time and, by extension, I value you."It's no coincidence that the Swiss are the world's watchmakers. Which came first, the precise clocks and watches or the precise people? Hard to say, but the result is the same: a nation where the trains and everything else really do run on time.How to explain this punctuality? No one knows for sure. But a popular theory is that, historically, it arises from the tough, mountainous area. Either you planted your crops on time and harvested them at the correct time or, well, you starved.Punctuality, sadly, is a dying art in many parts of the world. Mobile phones are partly to blame. We feel less compelled to arrive on time if we can always text to say we're running a few minutes late. I don't sense that is happening in Switzerland, though.Punctuality is not without its weaknesses. Extreme punctuality also creates an expectation, and if that expectation is not met, disappointment follows. On those rare occasions when things do not function smoothly, the Swiss get nervous, confused and angry.31. The passage is probably taken from a .A. A history bookB. A business newspaperC. A cultural guidebookD. An economic magazine32. Which of the following does NOT belong to the author's attitudes towards the Swiss punctuality?A. Pleased.B. Exhausted.C. Annoyed.D. Appreciative.33. What do the Swiss people want to show by arriving on time?A. To show their respect for other people.B. To show that they have the best watches.C. To show that they are considerate personsD. To show that they are the best watchmakers in the world.BThroughout Europe golf has been popular for many years. A recent report says that in Great Britain alone, 700 new golf courses will have to be built over the next ten years to meet people's needs.This is all good news for golf lovers, but it worries those who want to protect the environment. Their argument is that the new courses are disturbing the balance of nature. Woods, ponds and fields are being dug up to make way for the courses. The birds and animals that used to live there are being killed or forced to leave. The amount of water that a club uses to keep its courses in good condition is reducing the amount of water available for industrial and other uses. The chemicals used to control insects are sinking into the underground water.There may be some truth in this, but it is not the whole truth. The days are long past when building of any kind was allowed in beautiful places with no thought for the environment. Planning permission, nowadays, is as strict for golf courses as it is for any other type of development. Before any such projectis given the go-ahead, many things are studied. It is only when it is clear no harm will be done to the area that the builders are allowed to move in.A strong case can even be made that golf courses are actually good for the areas where they are built. Courses are usually built in the areas which are not areas of natural beauty. The new courses often make the area look livelier. To make holes more difficult, trees are planted and lakes are filled in around greens. Not surprisingly perhaps, it is not unusual to find that, within months of a course being completed, a lot of animals and birds have moved in.Obviously, careful thought has to go into the design of the new courses. As few changes as possible should be made to the natural environment. Woods and wildlife should be also protected. But this can be, and is being, done. There is no reason why golfers and nature cannot live peacefully together.34. What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?A. The rules for playing golf.B. How to protect the environment.C. The disadvantages of building golf courses.D. Whether golf courses should be built or not.35. According to Paragraph 4, golf courses________.A. make local areas look more beautifulB. provide more jobs for local peopleC. are harmful to the local environmentD. waste too much water and money36. Which of the following can best describe the author's attitude in the passage?A. Uninterested.B. Worried.C. Hopeful.D. Doubtful.37. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (P = Paragraph)CJohn Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station. He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn’t, the girl with the rose.His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in a Florida library. Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind. In the front of the book, he discovered the previous owner’s name, Miss Hollis Maynell. With time and effort he located her address. She lived in New York City. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. The next day he was shipped overseas for service in World War II.During the next year and one month the two grew to know each other through mail. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding. Blanchard requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn’t matter what she looked like.When the day finally came for him to return from Europe, they scheduled their first meeting --7:00 PM at the Great Central Station in New York. “You’ll recognize me,” she wrote, “by the red rose I’ll bewearing on my lapel.” So at 7:00 he was in the station looking for a girl whose heart he loved, but wh ose face he’d never seen.I’ll let Mr. Blanchard tell you what happened: A young woman was coming toward me, and her figure long and slim. Her blonde hair lay back in curls from her delicate ears; her eyes were blue as flowers. Her lips and chin had a gentle firmness, and in her pale green suit she was like springtime come alive. I started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose. As I moved, a small, attractive smile curved her lips. “Going my way, sailor?” she murmured.Almost uncontrollably I made one step closer to her, and then I saw Hollis Maynell. She was standing almost directly behind the girl. A woman well past 40, she had graying hair tucked under a worn hat. She was more than plump, her thick-ankled feet thrust into low-heeled shoes. The girl in the green suit was walking quickly away. I felt as though I was split in two, so keen was my desire to follow her, and yet so deep was my longing for the woman whose spirit had truly accompanied me and upheld my own.And there she stood. Her pale，plump face was gentle and sensible，her gray eyes had a warm and kindly twinkle. I did not hesitate. My fingers gripped the small worn blue leather copy of the book that was to identify me to her.This would not be love, but it would be something precious, something perhaps even better than love, a friendship for which I had been and must ever be grateful. I squared my shoulders and saluted and held out the book to the woman, even though while I spoke I felt choked by the bitterness of my disappointment. I’m Lieutenant (中尉）John Blanchard，and you must be Miss Maynell. I am so glad you could meet me; may I take you to dinner?”The woman’s face broadened into a tolerant smile. “I don’t know what this is about, son,” she answered, “but the young lady in the green suit who just went by, she begged me to wear this rose on my coat and she said if you were to ask me out to dinner, I should go and tell you that she is waiting for you in the big restaurant across the street. She said it was some kind of test!”It’s not difficult to understand and admire Miss Maynell's wisdom. The true nature of a heart is seen in its response to the unattractive, “Tell me whom you love,” Houssaye wrote, “And I will tell you who you are.”38. T he underlined phrase “intrigued” in Paragraph 2 means “______”.A. satisfied withB. fascinated byC. encouraged byD. frustrated with39. Hollis refused to send Blanchard a photo because _____ .A. she thought true love is beyond appearanceB. she wasn’t confident about her appearanceC. she was only a middle-aged womanD. she had never taken any photo before they knew40. When Blanchard went over to greet the woman, he was_____ .A. disappointed but well-behavedB. excited and confidentC. annoyed and bad-manneredD. shocked but inspired41. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Don’t Judge a Book by its CoverB. The Symbol of RoseC. Love is BlindD. A Test of LoveDThe broad definition of migration, “permanent change of residence”, usually inclu des a move acrossa city or a town. What we are concerned about is movement between nations, not internal migration within nations, although such movements often go beyond international movements in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants.Students of human migration speak of "push" and "pull" factors, which influence an individual’s decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job, or as painful as war, or severe famine (starvation).Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often these are economic, such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the United States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential destinations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as the presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerations of this sort lead to the development of migration flow.Besides push and pull factors, there are what the sociologists call “intervening (干预) obstacles”. Even if push and(or) pull factors are very strong, they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problems likely to be encountered on arrival.The decision to move is also influenced by “personal factors” of the potential migrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and rather difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another.Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are hated by native people who may have to compete with them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.42. Suppose Michael is thinking of migrating to a new place but he is faced with several choices of destinations, what may contribute to his final decision?A. The people he knows.B. Better job opportunities.C. Good land to farm.D. The distance travelled.43. Why does the author compare an unmarried young man with an older man with a family? Because _.A. they differ in their abilities to learn a new language and customsB. their abilities to compete for a better job or a better farm land are differentC. the older one is more likely to be accepted into the mainstream of the new societyD. different stages of lives will lead to their different decisions to migration44. We can infer from the passage that ________.A. p ull factors may include one’s difficulty in finding a job or suffering from famine.B. push-pull factors are so strong as to be more important than intervening factors.C. new immigrants often need to suffer great hardships to fit in with the new environment.D. the same push-pull factors may produce similar effect on people with different personalities.45. The purpose of the passage is to discuss ________.A. the problems of international migrantsB. the motives of international migrantsC. the migration problems inside the countryD. the adjustment problem among migrants第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
2018最新试题资料-2018届高三全国大调研语文试卷及答案
2018届高三全国大调研语文试卷及答案2018届高三全国大调研语试卷及答案 2018届高三全国大调研语试卷及答案5 全国大调研语试题(一)编审北京启学教育中心语研究室注1．本卷总分150分，考试时间150分钟； 2．考试范围高考大纲规定的考试内容。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题共30分) 一、(12分。
每小题3分) l．下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是 ( ) A．赦免(shè) 憨厚(hān) 教学相长(cháng) 璞玉浑金(pú) B．号啕(há) 祛暑(qú) 镂骨铭心(1òu) 颐指气使(í) c．纤细(xiān) 跺脚(duǒ) 白雪皑皑(ái) 如火如荼(tǘ) D．横祸(hèng) 凛然(lǐn) 自出机杼(zhù) 接踵而至(zhòng) 2．下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一句是 ( ) A．调查表明，解决了在全球化语境中自身化定位问题的中国国产电影犹如明日黄花，依然魅力不减，充满着旺盛的生命力。
B．在打击恐怖势力问题上，印度政府或许有些投鼠忌器，但是，发生在孟买的惨案，应当让印度政府清醒地意识到，在打击恐怖分子方面绝对不能手软。
c．雅典奥运会上，美国选手埃蒙斯射出最后一枪时歪打正着，击中别人的靶子。
今年北京奥运会上，埃蒙斯的最后一枪又大失水准，仅4．4环，再次断送金牌。
D．尽管央行规定，“对非自住房、非普通住房的贷款条，金融机构适当予以提高”，但是，在市场竞争比较激烈的情况下，这项规定得到执行的可能性微不足道。
3．下列各句中，没有语病的一句是 ( ) A．市广播电视局宣布2018年末三个月将在市区全面落实和推动市有线电视数字化会议精神，各居民小区电视信号将先后由模拟制转换为数字制。
B．贾平凹的《秦腔》以细腻平实的语言，集中表现了改革开放年代乡村的价值观念、人际关系在传统格局中的深刻变化，字里行间倾注了对故乡的一腔深情。
2018最新试题资料-2018届高三上册学情调研语文试题(含答案)
2018届高三上册学情调研语文试题(含答案)
c 南京市2018—2018年第一学期高三学情调研卷
语
注意事项
1．本试卷共160分。
考试用时150分钟。
2．答题前，考生务必将学校、姓名、班级、学号写在答题纸的密封线内。
答案写在答题纸上对应题目的横线上。
考试结束后，交回答题纸。
一、语言字运用(15分)
（▲ ）1．下列词语中加点字的读音，全都不相同的一组是（3分）
A 罢黜茁壮咄咄怪事相形见绌
B．饴糖怠慢贻笑大方百战不殆
c．揣测湍急惴惴不安气喘吁吁
D．揶揄逾期瑕不掩瑜不可理喻
2．在下列句子的空缺处依次填入成语，最恰当的一组是（3分）（▲ ）
①毒奶粉、地沟油、假羊肉等一系列的事接连发生，人们不得不反思为什么我们的道德竟然沦落到了这样的地步？
②在离地球三百里的太空堂上，航天员王亚平一边做实验，一边，为6000万中小学生上了一堂别开生面的科普。
③中国不差钱，只要能激活民间资本让银行资本难以的灵活运作方式与潜能，“钱荒”问题就迎刃而解了。
A．耸人听闻娓娓而谈望尘莫及
B．骇人听闻娓娓而谈望其项背
c．耸人听闻振振有词望尘莫及
D．骇人听闻振振有词望其项背
3．许多城市都用独特的宣传口号作为自己的“名片”。
如曲阜，“孔子故里，东方圣城”；成都，“拜水都江堰，问道青城”；镇。
郑州外国语学校2018届高三上学期第八次调研考试试题语文
郑州外国语学校2018届高三上学期第八次调研考试试题语文（150分钟 150分）命题人：耿立新审核人：赵文芳第I卷阅读题（70分）一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。
新媒体技术推动阅读模式变革移动互联网和社交媒体的快速发展，形成了新的阅读方式——社会化阅读，它是以读者为中心，强调分享、互动和可移动性的全新阅读模式。
首先，新媒体技术打破了区隔的空间、整合了碎片化的时间，极大地提升了信息传递的时效，推动了信息的跨域传播，孵化出一个个集合的阅读社群；其次，以兴趣和情感为核心的亚文化传播，让网络社群升级到文化层面的情感共振及价值认同，促使阅读从传统的私人化行为演化为一种以互动和共享为核心的社会化行为；最后，移动互联网时代，传统的生活场景不断转移到线上，线上的社群文化也开始嵌入现实生活，这使碎片化的信息互动升级为更具系统性的知识交流，让阅读的社会化作用更加凸显，这就是社会化阅读。
社会化阅读在给人们带来便捷的同时，也存在需要注意的问题。
为适应移动状态下的阅读需要，社会化阅读的内容大都以浓缩的形式出现，可谓短平快；微信朋友圈或群推荐的阅读材料，基于熟人、朋友关系，容易引起重视并被优先阅读，也容易产生先入为主的效应。
一般来说，群主或群里比较活跃的人的推荐有时不可避免地带有引导性，甚至经过了“再创造”。
群友在分享阅读材料时，会有即时的评论发表，这就形成社会化阅读的一个突出特点：阅读分享与舆论的酝酿、形成几乎同时出现，没有留给理性思维以时间。
以微信朋友圈为例，因其转发分享功能十分强大，如果不注意，很容易让“朋友圈”变成“谣言圈”。
在当前网络时代下，信息知识过剩、信息污染、信息干扰等问题，容易造成阅读浪费。
社会化阅读潜藏着一些危机，如时间和空间的碎片化促使“浅阅读”大行其道、过多地沉迷虚拟空间会使得现实社会的文化互动变得稀缺等。
社会化阅读方式对传统文化、教育以及传统价值观的冲击是不言而喻的。
郑州外国语学校2018届高三上期第八次调研考试生物试题及答案
郑州外国语学校2018届高三上期第八次调研考试生物（90分钟100分）命题人：马妍、选择题（每题2分，共60 分）1.圣诞布丁之于英国人，就像饺子之于中国的北方人一样。
下表是制作圣诞布丁所用的部分原料，下列说法正确的是（）A.消化道中的酶在分解圣诞布丁中的营养物质时会消耗ATPB. 氧化分解同等质量的黄油和面粉，前者因含氧元素多而产能多C. 圣诞布丁中含有的黄油量较少，故肥胖者可以放心大量食用D.白砂糖和面粉的主要成分也不全是由葡萄糖组成的2.某科学家研究M、N、P三种细胞的结构和功能，含有叶绿体，P细胞能合成糖原。
下列叙述正确的是（A. M细胞无线粒体，只能进行无氧呼吸B. N细胞的遗传物质可能为DNA或RNA 发现M细胞没有核膜包被的细胞核,）N细胞C. M、P细胞一定是取材于异养型的生物D. N、P细胞均有发生染色体变异的可能3.下列关于核酸或基因的叙述中，正确的个数是（）①双链DNA分子的每个脱氧核糖上均连着一个磷酸和一个碱基②细胞中一般存在两种核酸，但均以DNA作为遗传物质③RNA具有传递信息、催化反应、转运物质等功能④DNA病毒侵染宿主细胞时，DNA聚合酶与DNA 一起进入细胞⑤基因可以通过控制酶的合成控制糖类、脂质的合成⑥脱氧核苷酸排列顺序发生改变时，不一定发生基因突变⑦基因重组一定会引起基因结构的改变⑧在观察洋葱鳞片叶内表皮细胞的DNA和RNA分布时，盐酸的作用是对细胞进行解离A. 3 个B. 4 个C. 5个D. 6个4.下列关于ATP的说法中，正确的是（）A. ATP和DNA的组成元素完全相同，ATP彻底水解可产生3种有机物B. 人体成熟红细胞、蛙的红细胞、鸡的红细胞均能合成ATPC. ATP的合成一定需要酶，酶的催化作用都需要ATP供能D. 长跑时，骨骼肌细胞内ATP的水解速率远大于合成速率5.将A、B两种物质混合，T i时加入酶G下图为最适温度下A、B浓度的变化曲线。
下列叙述正确的是（）A. 酶C降低了B生成A反应的活化能B. 该体系中的酶促反应速率先快后慢C. 酶C活性降低导致T2后B增加缓慢D. 适当降低反应温度，T I~T2间隔缩短31112豊连续48小时测定温室内CO2吸收速率,6.某研究小组在密闭恒温玻璃温室内进行植物栽培实验,A. 0—3小时植物叶肉细胞中的ATP只来源于细胞质基质B. 实验中绿色植物光合速率达到最大的时刻是第36小时C. 实验开始的前24小时比后24小时的平均光照强度强D. 若第30小时部分叶片遮光，则未遮光叶片光合速率下降7.如图表示某种哺乳动物细胞分别在正常培养和药物处理培养时，所测得的细胞中细胞数的关系。
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郑州外国语学校2018届高三上学期第八次调研考试试题语文（150分钟 150分）命题人：耿立新审核人：赵文芳第I卷阅读题（70分）一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。
新媒体技术推动阅读模式变革移动互联网和社交媒体的快速发展，形成了新的阅读方式——社会化阅读，它是以读者为中心，强调分享、互动和可移动性的全新阅读模式。
首先，新媒体技术打破了区隔的空间、整合了碎片化的时间，极大地提升了信息传递的时效，推动了信息的跨域传播，孵化出一个个集合的阅读社群；其次，以兴趣和情感为核心的亚文化传播，让网络社群升级到文化层面的情感共振及价值认同，促使阅读从传统的私人化行为演化为一种以互动和共享为核心的社会化行为；最后，移动互联网时代，传统的生活场景不断转移到线上，线上的社群文化也开始嵌入现实生活，这使碎片化的信息互动升级为更具系统性的知识交流，让阅读的社会化作用更加凸显，这就是社会化阅读。
社会化阅读在给人们带来便捷的同时，也存在需要注意的问题。
为适应移动状态下的阅读需要，社会化阅读的内容大都以浓缩的形式出现，可谓短平快；微信朋友圈或群推荐的阅读材料，基于熟人、朋友关系，容易引起重视并被优先阅读，也容易产生先入为主的效应。
一般来说，群主或群里比较活跃的人的推荐有时不可避免地带有引导性，甚至经过了“再创造”。
群友在分享阅读材料时，会有即时的评论发表，这就形成社会化阅读的一个突出特点：阅读分享与舆论的酝酿、形成几乎同时出现，没有留给理性思维以时间。
以微信朋友圈为例，因其转发分享功能十分强大，如果不注意，很容易让“朋友圈”变成“谣言圈”。
在当前网络时代下，信息知识过剩、信息污染、信息干扰等问题，容易造成阅读浪费。
社会化阅读潜藏着一些危机，如时间和空间的碎片化促使“浅阅读”大行其道、过多地沉迷虚拟空间会使得现实社会的文化互动变得稀缺等。
社会化阅读方式对传统文化、教育以及传统价值观的冲击是不言而喻的。
在传统社会中，出版物是经过审查、去杂质化的，社会化阅读则很难实现对内容的把关。
因为在社会化媒体上，微新闻、微评论、微小说等随时可以上线，对于内容管理而言也是一个挑战。
社会化阅读内容的管理者，应当了解社会化阅读的特点、规律与诉求，以新的管理理念和方法促进社会正效应和正能量的最大化。
借助社会化阅读这种迅速直达受众的通道，尽可能多地提供质量高、营养丰富、满足读者需求的内容，营造良好的阅读环境。
1．下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是（3分）A．社会化阅读是网络时代下出现的具有快捷、交互、便携等诸多特点的阅读模式。
B．阅读浪费是由社会化阅读信息过于丰富，读者的阅读理解能力有限而造成的。
C．朋友圈的信息因为基于熟人、朋友关系传播，所以很容易变成“谣言圈”。
D．社会化阅读对传统出版物的冲击体现在不需要通过审查，更及时更真实。
2．下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是（3分）A．文章先提出社会化阅读的概念，接着从产生背景和形成方式的角度加以阐释。
B．在肯定了社会化阅读的进步性后，文章主要内容都是指出它可能会产生的社会问题。
C．针对前文谈及的问题，文章最后对管理者提出了一些规范社会化阅读的合理化建议。
D．文章结构清晰，层次分明；关注社会热点问题，分析客观理性。
3．根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是（3分）A．如果没有新媒体技术的快速发展，人们也不可能突破时空阻隔，用最快的速度进行社会化阅读。
B．与传统出版物比较，社会化阅读有内容真假难辨、质量参差不齐的缺点，需要适当的规范管理。
C．阅读从私人化行为演化为社会化行为之后，互动和共享就带有表演性和装饰性了。
D．社会化阅读借助网络平台发展，微博、微信、QQ群、新闻客户端等，都是社会化阅读的胜地。
（二）文学类文本阅读（本题共3小题，14分）阅读下面的文字，完成4-6题。
雪窗帘迟子建一进腊月，火车就拥挤得要爆棚了，盥洗室也被无座的乘客占满。
天已黑了，列车的玻璃窗上蒙着霜花。
有淘气的小孩子为了看窗外的风景，就不停地用手指甲刮着霜花，那声音“嚓嚓”响着，就像给鱼剐鳞的声音。
一个女列车员召唤旅客换卧铺票。
她在车厢的过道里一遍一遍地吆喝：“还有没有没换票的？”见再没有旅客回答，就走了。
坐在下铺靠窗位置的是一个老女人，她大约是不常出门的，像小孩子一样用指甲刮开车窗上的霜花，不停地朝外张望着。
一个胖乎乎、醉醺醺的中年男人说他要睡觉，让老女人赶快让开。
老女人说：“这是我的铺，你咋让我走呢？”胖男人说：“这是我的铺，我刚刚补的铺！”一个吸着烟的男人提醒老女人：“你再看看你的票，是不是这个铺的？”还有的人说：“你是不是从票贩子手里买的假票啊？”老女人很委屈地说：“这票是我闺女早晨四点钟上火车站排队给我买的。
”说着，从裤兜里掏出票来。
她的票是这张铺位的，可是，她没有跟列车员换票，所以她的铺被当作空铺卖给了别人！大家把她犯的过失说给她听时，她几乎要急哭了。
酒气熏天的胖男人用轻蔑的语气说：“连火车都不会坐，出的什么门呢?”那个吸烟的男人对新来的铺位主人胖男人说：“哎，跟老太太说话客气点，都这么大岁数的人了，出趟门容易吗？”“你想当雷锋是不是？那行啊，你把自己的铺让给老太婆睡不就行了么！”胖男人咄咄逼人。
“你这人怎么这么说话呀？”吸烟者掐灭了烟，跃跃欲试地朝胖男人挥舞了一下胳膊。
“怎么着？是不是过年回家没什么带的，想挂点彩回去呀？！”胖男人挑衅地说：“过来呀，老子成全你！”“你们可别因为我打架啊，这大过年的，把谁打了都不好。
”老女人起身拉住胖男人的毛衣袖口说。
那个女列车员过来了。
她对老女人说：“这事情怪不了别人，我喊让乘客换票，嗓子都要喊破了，大家都能证明吧？你不换票，火车开出半小时后，就等于放弃了对这铺的权利。
这铺属于人家的了。
”老女人可怜巴巴地说：“那我这票就等于作废了？”“作废倒不至于，不过现在卧铺都满员了，你只能坐着了。
”“那我上哪里坐着呀？”她颤着声问。
“坐边座上吧。
”列车员说，“没别的办法了。
”“它立着我可怎么坐呀？”老女人的话引来一片笑声。
女列车员一伸手把那弹簧座拉了下来，说：“这是可以活动的座，你要是一起身，它就自动立起来了！”胖男人一头钻进了被窝，人们都对他投以鄙夷的目光。
先前与胖男人险些大打出手的那个吸烟男人很同情地看了老女人一眼，说：“唉，可惜我买的是上铺，您也爬不上去，要不我就让给您去睡得了。
”老女人说：“不用，你们年轻人觉大，你去睡吧。
”这时一个头发花白的老人说：“我是下铺的，我能爬到上铺去，你让老太太睡我的铺，我睡你的不就把问题解决了吗？”那个吸烟男人连连摆着手说：“你这么大岁数了，我可不能让你到上铺去！”“别说爬个上铺了，就是让我上树都没问题！”老人拍着胸脯保证着。
“哎，那可不行，万一你有个闪失，我可负担不起！”那人的脸涨红了，他急忙说自己拉肚子，得赶快上厕所，逃之夭夭……天逐渐地亮了，经过了一夜寒冷的旅行，车窗积满了厚厚的霜雪，所以即使它没有挂窗帘，却仿佛挂了似的，那是一幅严严实实的雪窗帘。
（有删改）4．下列对小说相关内容与艺术特色的分析鉴赏，不正确的一项是（3分）A．小说开头描写淘气的小孩子“不停地用手指甲刮着霜花”的声响“就像给鱼剐鳞的声音”，这个细节折射出人们心里的烦躁，烘托了春运时列车上人多拥挤的混乱氛围。
B．女列车员召唤旅客换卧铺票是推动故事发展的关键情节，它交代了“老女人”买了卧铺票却没有铺位的原因，也为后面矛盾的展开作了铺垫。
C．“老女人的话引来一片笑声”，这笑声是车厢里的乘客对老女人的肆意嘲笑，与乘客形成对比的是善良的女列车员，她告诉失去铺位的老人去边座坐并教给她坐法。
D．作者文笔朴实，用白描手法描写了在春运这一特定环境下的火车车厢中相关人物的各种表现，铺展和透视了世事百态，引发读者深深的思考。
5．请分析小说标题“雪窗帘”的含义及其在文中的作用。
（5分）6．请概括“吸烟男人”的形象特点；并结合社会生活，谈谈作者创作这个人物形象的现实意义。
（6分）（三）实用类文本阅读（本题共3小题，12分）阅读下面的文字，完成7-9题。
材料一：城市内涝是指由于强降水或连续性降水超过城市排水能力致使城市内产生积水灾害的现象。
随着城镇化的迅猛推进，城市内涝防治成了汛期防灾的“新课题”。
相关统计数据显示，2010年以来，我国平均每年有185座城市受到城市内涝的威胁。
实际上，从上世纪90年代开始，我国的城市内涝问题就已经凸显，但当时内涝造成的损失相比江河洪水的损失要小，因而尚未引起足够的关注。
然而，自2004年以来，有4年洪涝灾害造成的损失超过了发生流域型大洪水的1998年(2551亿元)。
面对损失与受淹城市数成正比的趋势，人们开始对城市内涝问题给予更多关注。
材料二：一旦城市遭遇强暴雨袭击，突然倍增的洪水如果无处可去，当然会在城市里肆意奔流，于是，道路瞬间成“河流”，广场立即变“湖泊”，建设在河道、湖畔等低洼地带的居民区、工厂等，随之成了泽国。
现今的中国，城市内涝日趋严重。
从国内城市生态环境来看，伴随着城市规模的不断扩张，山林湖泊等生态系统被肆意破坏。
原本覆盖着植被的土地被柏油路、水泥路等硬化路取代，用来蓄水的低洼地被填平，湿地和湖泊变成了住宅，下凹式立交桥越建越多，城市地下空间开发越来越充分(如地下车库、地铁等)，种种做法切断了自然的水循环，从而直接导致城市的雨水积存和渗透能力降低，仅依靠市政管网来排走雨水已是杯水车薪。
另外，受气候变化影响，每年的极端性强降雨频次呈现上升趋势，加之受厄尔尼诺等各类极端天气现象影响，越来越大的降水量也带给城市越来越大的挑战。
（摘编自新华网《雨季总“看海”，城市内涝如何解？》）材料三：城市的排水设置只是内涝问题最下游的原因，解决城市排水系统仅是治标。
建设一个“海绵城市”，让城市的生态系统能够恢复，才是解决内涝的办法。
所谓海绵城市，即通过“渗、滞、蓄、用、排”等技术，使城市能像海绵一样，在适应环境变化和应对自然灾害等方面具有良好的“弹性”，下雨时吸水、蓄水、净水，需要时将蓄存的水“释放”并加以利用。
我国自2015年启动海绵城市建设试点以来，截至2017年4月，海绵城市建设试点项目已建设面积420平方公里，完成投资约544亿元。
全国已有370个城市提出海绵城市建设专项规划。
目前，海绵城市试点虽已取得初步成效，但作为一个由点、线、面构成的庞大系统工程，海绵城市的全部功效尚需时间和过程加以检验。
（摘编自《经济观察报》文章《反思城市内涝建设海绵城市》）材料四：理性看待海绵城市，首先应该将其置于城市生态的宏观视野，从而避免头痛医头脚痛医脚的尴尬。
这个前提得到保证后，政策制定者还需要在决策时全面权衡。
首先，从城市的现实规模、生态出发，建设海绵城市有没有必要?如果一个城市本身就拥有发达的水系足以实现有效排水，那么另投一笔资金建设海绵城市是否划算?其次，在制定规划时是否对整个城市生态进行过系统的统筹?假使主政者总是罔顾城市发展自身规律，肆意妄为，那么再有吸附力的“海绵”恐怕也有限度。