Hyperon ratios at RHIC and the coalescence predictions at mid-rapidity

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大学英语四级试卷模拟一试卷答案对照版

大学英语四级试卷模拟一试卷答案对照版Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:It was once believed that being overweight was healthy, but nowadays few people subscribe to this viewpoint. While many people are fighting the battle to reduce weight, studies are being conducted concerning the appetite and how it is controlled by both emotional and biochemical factors. Some of the conclusions of these studies may give insights into how to deal with weight problems. For example, when several hundred people were asked about their eating habits in times of stress, 44 percent said they reacted to stressful situations by eating. Further investigations with both humans and animals indicated that it is not food which relieves tension but rather the act of chewing.A test in which subjects were blindfolded showed that obese(肥胖)people have a keener sense of taste and crave（渴望）more flavorful food than non-obese people. When deprived of the variety and intensity of tastes, obese people are not satisfied and consequently eat more to fulfill this need. Blood samples taken from people after they were shown apicture of food revealed that overweight people reacted with an increase in blood insulin（胰岛素）, a chemical associated with appetite. This did not happen to average-weight people.In another experiment, results showed that certain people have aspecific, biologically induced hunger for carbohydrate（糖类）.Eating carbohydrates raises the level of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain. Enough serotonin produces a sense of satiation（满足),and hunger for carbohydrates subsides.Exercise has been recommended as an important part of a weigh-loss program. However, It has been found that mild exercise, such as using the stairs instead of the elevator, is better in the long run than taking on a strenuous program, such as jogging, which many people find difficult to continue over long periods of time and which also increase appetite.1. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A) overweight people are tenseB) thin people don't eat when under stressC) weight watchers should chew on something inedible when tenseD) 56 percent of the population isn't overweight.2. According to the passage, insulin _______.A) increases in the bloodstream when people eat large amounts of foodB) can be used to lessen the appetiteC) causes a chemical reaction when food is seenD) levels don't change in average-weight people who see food3. In order to lose weight, it would be a good idea for heavy people to _______.A) jog 3 miles daily and chew on carrot sticksB) avoid stressful situations and have control over their eating habitsC) eat plenty of chewy carbohydratesD) walk up stairs and look at pictures of food4. Which of the following exercises might be best for an overweight person to engage in daily?A) An evening walkB) A long swimC) Cross-country skiingD) 10-mile bicycle rides5. What can be said about serotonin?A) It is a chemical that increases the appetite.B) Only certain people produce it in their brains.C) It tells the brain when a person is full.D) It neurotransmits carbohydrates to the brain.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Washington Irving was America's first man of letters to be knowninternationally. His works were received enthusiastically both in England and in the United States. He was, in fact, one of themost successful writers of his time in either country, delighting a large general public and at the same time winning the admiration of fellow writers like Scott in Britain and Poe and Hawthorne in the United States. The respect in which he was held was partly owing to the man himself, with his warm friendliness, his good sense, his urbanity, his gay spirits, has artistic integrity, his love of both the Old World and the new. Thackeray described Irving as "a gentleman, who, though himself born in no very high sphere, was most finished, polished, witty; socially the equal of the most refined Europeans." In England he was granted an honorary degree from Oxford-- an unusual honor for a citizen of a young,uncultured nation--- and he received the medal of the Royal Society of Literature; America made him ambassador to Spain.Irving's background provides little to explain his literaryachievements. A gift but deliberate child, he had little schooling, He studied law, but without zeal, and never did practise seriously. He was immune to his strict Prebyterian home environment, frequenting both social gatherings and the theatre.6. The main point of the first paragraph is that Washington Irving was ______.A) America's first man of lettersB) a great writer who was successful in his own country andother parts of the world as wellC) a man who won the respect of other writers because of hishigh social statusD) a man who was able to move from literature to politics7. What is implied by the comment about Scott, Poe and Hawthorne?A) Irving's great popularity resulted in the admiration of Scott, Poe and Hawthorne.B) More Americans than Britains admired Irving.C) Irving's work was not only popular, but also of high literary quality.D) Irving's success was attributed to his family background.8. What can be said about Irving's law career?A) He only began to practice law late in life.B) He spent very little time working as a lawyer.C) He never practiced law although he studied it .D) He worked as a lawyer with great enthusiasm.9. Why did Thackeray think that Irving's social grace was unusual?A) Because Irning's degree was honorable and unusual.B) Because his parents were not aristocratic.C) Because he had good sense and gay spirits.D) Because he often exhibited warm friendiness.10. Which of the following best describes the effect of Irving's Presbyterian background on his life?A) It had almost no effect on his life.B) It promoted his interest in law.C) It fostered his love for literature.D) It enabled him to become a successful writer.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Time spent in bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether youare a book lover or merely there to buy a book as a present.Whatever the person , you can soon become totally in awareof your surroundings. You soon become engrossed（全神贯注)in some books, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment --- without buying a book,of course.This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think,the main attraction of a bookshop. A music shop is very like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart's content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting:" Can I help you, sir?" You Needn't buy anything you don't want. In a bookshop, an assistant should remain in the background until you havefinished browsing（游览）.Then, and only then, are his services necessary.You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing -- something which had only vaguely interested you up until then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you canwaste a great deal of time wandering from section to section.Booksellers must be both long-suffering and indulgent（宽容）.11. You may be unaware of the time passing by in a bookshop because ______.A) you want to escape the reality of everyday lifeB) you have to finish browsing one of the booksC) you don't want to waste your moneyD) you have to make sure you don't buy a dull book as apresent12. In a good bookshop _______.A) the shop assistant greets you in a friendly wayB) you feel obliged to buy one of the booksC) your heart is contentedD) no shop assistant will approach you unless his service is called13. It is very unwise to enter a bookshop and buy ______.A) a best-selling novel on brass-rubbingB) a book on ancient coinsC) a book on the subject that vaguely interests youD) a book well illustrated and expensive14. According to the writer, the best way to escape the realities of routine life is _____.A) to have a long chat with assistant in a bookshopB) to stay in a bookshop, being absorbed in reading booksof various kindsC) to buy a best-selling novel to readD) to wander about in the streets15. The best title of this selection would be632A) On buying booksB) Bookshops and AssistantsC) Booklovers and BookshopsD) How to Escape the Realities of Everyday Life in a BookshopQuestions 16 to 20 are on the following passage:Social change is more likely to occur in societies where thereis a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies wherepeople are similar in many ways. The simple reason for thisis that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society, There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizationswith different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies.All these factors tend to promote social change by openingmore areas of life to decision. In a society where people arequite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for changebecauseeverything seems to be the same. And although conditionsmay not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technologyrather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic andless emotional aspects of society than in their opposites;in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones;in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual.For example, it comes readily on human relations on acontinuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies.This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to black Americans as compared to other Americanminorities, because of the sharp difference in appearancebetween them and their white counterparts.16. According to the passage, one of the factors that tendto promote social change is _____.A) mutual interestB) different points of viewC) more worldly peopleD) advanced technology17. Social change is less likely to occur in a society wherepeople are quite similar in many ways because______.A) people there are always satisfied with their living conditionsB) people there have identical needs that can be met withoutmuch disputesC) people there have got accustomed to their conditions thatthey seldom think it necessary to changeD) people there are less emotional and easy to please18. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A) Social values play an important role in social change.B) Social change is more likely to occur in the materialaspectsof society.C) Social change is more likely to occur if it comes graduallyD) Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic andemotional aspects of society.19. The expression "greater tolerance" in Paragraph 1 refersto ______.A) greater willingness to accept social changeB) quicker adoption to changing circumstancesC) more respect for different beliefs and behaviorD) greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas20. The passage mainly discusses______.A) two different societiesB) the necessary of social changeC) different social changesD) certain factors that determine the ease with which socialchanges occurPart 2 Vocabulary and structureDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part, For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D) .Choose the ONE answer that best competes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the canter.21. The presence of armed guards ______ us from doinganything disruptive.A) excitedB) irritatedC) preventedD) encourage22. -- Do you know the girl with long hair?-- I don't think so, although she ______ me of someone I know.A) remembersB) remindsC) recallsD) recollects23. When you read his books, you have to read between thelines; there's so much _____ in his writing.A) ironyB) vocabularyC) grammarD) idiom24. If the pressure is not _______ immediately, there may be an explosion.A) relievedB) retreatedC) revealedD) released25. She had been kind to me, so I felt ______ to help her when she was in trouble.A) detachedB) obligedC) generousD) virtuous26. The music would stop at intervals, then ______ after a while.A) restoreC) resumeD) assume27. The new laws threaten to ______ many people of the most elementary freedoms.A) depriveB) deceiveC) snatchD) depress28. Machinery ______ rapidly if it is not taken care of .A) devastatesB) destroysC) dedicatesD) deteriorates29. Knowledge then is the _____ condition of expansion of mind.A) indigestibleB) indispensableC) indissolubleD) indisputable30. We must try to ______ the best of our moral values for our children and grandchildren.B) prescribeC) purchaseD) preserve31. Some very important issues were ______ all his attention.A) taking upB) taking offC) taking outD) taking in32. She has bought a pair of glasses, which she can never ______when reading books.A) do withB) do withoutC) do upD) do away33. Now the problem of energy is becoming critical. It _____ an immediate solution.A) calls onB) calls upC) calls atD) calls for34. What happened in that class probably reflects what ishappening in society _______.A) at firstB) at randomC) at largeD) at length35. _______ the gas shortage, I'm going to buy a compact car this year.A) In front ofB) In place ofC) In terms ofD) In view of36. His mother always keeps a candle in the house ______there is a power cut.A) in caseB) in the caseC) in the eventD) in event of37. Not only ______ resulted in vast expenses, but they have endangered human existence as well.A) nuclear weapons haveB) have nuclear weaponsC) will nuclear weaponsD) nuclear weapons that38. Air ______ of a combination of nitrogen and oxygen.A) composesB) comprisesC) formsD) consists39. _______ composers such as Mozart, who was treated as an employee by those who commissioned him, Beethoven enjoyedequal social status with his employers.A) becauseB) There wereC) UnlikeD) Having been40. The strong beam of light from a light house is used by sailors _______.A) to determining their locationB) in determining their locationC) with determining their locationD) while determining their location41. _______ travels 5.8 trillion miles in one year has beenscientifically proven.A) That lightB) LightC) For light toD) When light42. Even though African game preserves have saved many animals,there are ______ that will not be saved.A) some otherB) all othersC) many moreD) much more43. After writing poetry unsuccessfully for several years, he was not certain whether to quit or ______ with his art.A) if he should continueB) to be continuedC) to continueD) he should continue44. John offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______, we declined the offer.A) not being finishedB) not having finishedC) had not been finishedD) was not finished45. That town was no longer the sleepy littlevillage ________.A) it wereB) it wasC) it has beenD) it had been46. -- I saw Sam in the library yesterday morning.-- You ______ him; he is still abroad.A) might not seeB) could not seeC) can't have seenD) mustn't have seen47. It is absolutely essential that all the applicants ______ one by one.A) interviewedB) to interviewC) be interviewedD) to be interviewing48. I think I should prefer to go on Thursday, _______ it's all the same to you.A) as ifB) ifC) unlessD) as soon as49. My approach is not to learn everything about something,but _____ something about everything.A) rather to learnB) rather learningC) to rather learnD) rather than learn50. Advice should be provided free to_______ needs it.A) whomB) whoeverC) whoD) no matter whoPart 3 TranslationDirections: In this part, there are five items which you shouldtranslate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. There sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in Part 1 of this paper. You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation. You should refer backto the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.51. ( Passage 1, Para.1)Further investigations with both humans and animals indicatedthat it is not food which relieves tension but rather the act of chewing.52. (Passage 1, Para.2)When deprived of the variety and intensity of tastes, obese people are not satisfied and consequently eat more to fulfill this need.53. (Passage 2,Para. 2)Irving's background provides little to explain his literary achievements.A gifted but deliberate child, he had little schooling.54. (Passage 3, Para. 3)Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a greatdeal of time wandering from section to section.55. ( Passage 4, Para. 1)In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies.Part 4 WritingDirections: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Quality of Products. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition the outline on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 产品质量差的原因2. 产品质量差的后果3. 怎样提高产品质量The Quality of Products模拟一答案1. C2. D3. B4. A5. C6. B7. C8. B9. B10. A11. D12. D13. C14. B15. A16. B17. C19. D20. D21. C22. B23. A24. D25. B26. C27. A28. D29. B30. D31. A32. B33. D34. C35. D36. A37. B38. D39. C41. A42. C43. C44. A45. D46. C47. C48. B49. A50. B51. 对人类和动物的进一步调查表明,, 减轻(精神)压力的(因素)不是食物,, 而是咀嚼动作。

研究生学术英语高原第七单元课文翻译

为什么材料的历史是真正的文化历史？1.每样东西都是由某种东西构成的。

如果把混凝土、玻璃、纺织品、金属和其他材料从我们的生活中拿走，我们就只能赤身裸体，在泥泞的田野里瑟瑟发抖。

我们生活的复杂性在很大程度上是由物质财富赋予的，如果没有我们的文明，我们将很快恢复到动物行为:使我们成为人类的是我们的衣服、我们的家、我们的城市、我们的东西，我们通过我们的习俗和语言赋予这些东西生命。

如果你去过灾区，这一点就会变得非常明显。

然而，物质世界不仅仅是我们技术和文化的展示，它是我们的一部分，我们发明它，我们创造它，它造就了我们。

2.材料的根本重要性从各个文明时代的命名——石器时代、铁器时代和青铜时代——就可以清楚地看出，每个新时代都由一种新材料带来。

钢铁是维多利亚时代的主要材料，工程师们可以充分发挥他们的梦想，建造悬索桥、铁路、蒸汽机和客轮。

Isambard Kingdom Brunel 将其作为改造世界的宣言，并播下现代主义的种子。

20世纪常被誉为硅的时代，在材料科学取得突破后，迎来了硅芯片和信息革命。

然而,其他新材料的万花筒也彻底改变了现代生活。

建筑师将大量生产的平板玻璃与结构钢结合在一起，建造摩天大楼，从而发明了一种新型的城市生活。

塑料改变了我们的家庭和衣着。

聚合物被用来制造电影胶片，并引入了一种新的视觉文化——电影。

铝合金和镍高温合金的发展使我们能够廉价飞行，并加速了文化的碰撞。

医疗陶瓷和牙科陶瓷让我们得以重建自我，重新定义残疾和衰老——正如“整形手术”一词所暗示的那样，材料往往是修复我们的功能(髋关节置换)或增强我们的特征(隆胸硅胶植入物)的新疗法的关键。

3.我对材料的痴迷始于青少年时期。

我对他们的默默无闻感到困惑，尽管他们就在我们身边。

有多少人能看出铝和钢的区别?木头之间明显不同，但有多少人能说出原因?塑料是混杂的;谁知道聚乙烯和聚丙烯的区别?最终，我进入牛津大学(Oxford University)材料科学系攻读学位，接着攻读喷气发动机合金博士学位，现在是伦敦大学学院(University College London)材料与社会教授和制造研究所(Institute of Making)主任。

应用地球化学元素丰度数据手册-原版

应用地球化学元素丰度数据手册迟清华鄢明才编著地质出版社·北京·1内容提要本书汇编了国内外不同研究者提出的火成岩、沉积岩、变质岩、土壤、水系沉积物、泛滥平原沉积物、浅海沉积物和大陆地壳的化学组成与元素丰度，同时列出了勘查地球化学和环境地球化学研究中常用的中国主要地球化学标准物质的标准值，所提供内容均为地球化学工作者所必须了解的各种重要地质介质的地球化学基础数据。

本书供从事地球化学、岩石学、勘查地球化学、生态环境与农业地球化学、地质样品分析测试、矿产勘查、基础地质等领域的研究者阅读，也可供地球科学其它领域的研究者使用。

图书在版编目（CIP）数据应用地球化学元素丰度数据手册/迟清华，鄢明才编著. －北京：地质出版社，2007.12ISBN 978－7－116－05536－0Ⅰ. 应… Ⅱ. ①迟…②鄢…Ⅲ. 地球化学丰度－化学元素－数据－手册Ⅳ. P595－62中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字（2007）第185917号责任编辑：王永奉陈军中责任校对：李玫出版发行：地质出版社社址邮编：北京市海淀区学院路31号，100083电话：（010）82324508（邮购部）网址：电子邮箱：zbs@传真：（010）82310759印刷：北京地大彩印厂开本：889mm×1194mm 1/16印张：10.25字数：260千字印数：1－3000册版次：2007年12月北京第1版•第1次印刷定价：28.00元书号：ISBN 978－7－116－05536－0（如对本书有建议或意见，敬请致电本社；如本社有印装问题，本社负责调换）2关于应用地球化学元素丰度数据手册（代序）地球化学元素丰度数据，即地壳五个圈内多种元素在各种介质、各种尺度内含量的统计数据。

它是应用地球化学研究解决资源与环境问题上重要的资料。

将这些数据资料汇编在一起将使研究人员节省不少查找文献的劳动与时间。

这本小册子就是按照这样的想法编汇的。

2023年高考英语外刊时文精读专题14气候变化与珊瑚礁(含答案)

2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练(14)Climate change and coral reefs气候变化与珊瑚礁主题语境：人与自然主题语境内容：自然生态【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。

）Human beings have been altering habitats—sometimes deliberately andsometimes accidentall y—at least since the end of the last Ice Age. Now, though, that change is happening on a grand scale. Global warming is a growing factor. Fortunately, the human wisdom that is destroying nature can also be brought to bear on trying to save it.Some interventions to save ecosystems are hard to imagine andsucceed. Consider a project to reintroducesomething similar to a mammoth(猛犸象)to Siberiaby gene-editing Asian elephants. Their feeding habits could restore the grassland habitat that was around before mammoths died out, increasing the sunlight reflected into space and helping keep carbon compounds(碳化合物)trapped in the soil. But other projects have a bigger chance of making an impact quickly. As we report, one example involves coral reefs.These are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales: half a trillion corals line the Pacific from Indonesia to French Polynesia, roughly the same as the number of trees that fill the Amazon. They are equally important harbor of biodiversity. Rainforests cover18% of the land’s surface and offer a home to more than half its vertebrate(脊椎动物的)species. Reefs occupy0.1% of the oceans and host a quarter of marine(海洋的)species.And corals are useful to people, too. Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. One team of economists has estimated that coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year. reefs are, however, under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causesthe algae（海藻） with which corals co-exist, and on which they depend for food and colour, to generate toxins（毒素）that lead to those algae’s expulsion（排出）. This is known as “bleaching（白化）”, and can cause a coral’s death. As temperatures continue to rise, research groups around the world are coming up with plansof action. Their ideas include identifying naturally heat-resistant（耐热的）corals and moving themaround the world; crossbreeding（杂交）such corals to create strains that are yet-more heat-resistant; employing genetic editing to add heat resistance artificially; transplantingheat-resistant symbiotic（共生的）algae; and even repairing with the bacteria and other micro-organismswith which corals co-exist—to see if that will help.The assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm. Without carbon reduction and decline in coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century. Some doubt whetherhumans will get its act together in time to make much difference. Few of these techniques are ready for action in the wild. Some, such as gene editing, are so controversial that it is doubtful they will be approved any time soon. scale is also an issue.But there are grounds for optimism. Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific methods can also be found. Natural currents can be used to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximise benefits.This mix of natural activity and human intervention could serve as a blueprint （蓝图）for other ecosystems. Those who think that all habitats should be kept original may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear. For coral reefs, at least, if any are to survive at all, it will be those that humans have re-engineered to handle the future.【课标词汇精讲】1.alter （通常指轻微地）改动，修改；改变，（使）变化We've had to alter some of our plans.我们不得不对一些计划作出改动。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷5

2022年考研考博-考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Holders of deferred shares have no rights to vote at general meetings or receive any （）. 问题1选项A.divisiveB.divideC.dividendD.division【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。

A项形容词divisive “分裂的、区分的”，B项动词divide “分开”，C项名词dividend “红利、股息”，D项名词division “除法、分割”；句意：递延股票的持有者在股东大会上没有投票权，也不能获得任何股息。

因此C选项正确。

2.单选题Have you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate milder, many animals are still hibernating. It's too bad that humans can't hibernate. In fact, as a species, we almost did.Apparently, at times in the past, peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation. So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end.In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radio's The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial lighting and the electric bulb.When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. No w scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours' uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention.In the past, without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as “The Watch”. It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbors.According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia at midnight is not a disorder. It is normal. Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people. The impressive inventor, Thomas Edison, used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas.Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesn't help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full night's continuous sleep, which sounds natural; however, according to Warren's theory, it is really the opposite of what we need.1. The example of the French peasants shows the fact that （）.2. The la te night was called “The Watch” because it was a time for people （）.3. Thomas Edison is cited to show （）.4. What does the author advise people to do?5. What is most possibly the source of this article?问题1选项A.people might become lazy as a result of too much sleepB.there were signs of hibernation in human sleeping habitsC.people tended to sleep more peacefully in cold weather问题2选项A.to set traps to catch animalsB.to wake up their family and neighborsC.to remind others of the timeD.to guard against possible dangers问题3选项A.insomnia is harmful to peopleB.human being cannot overcome insomniaC.a short period of consciousness during sleeping is normal for human beingD.great scientists must sleep less to make great inventions问题4选项A.Sleep in the way animals do.B.Consult a doctor if they can't sleep.C.Follow their natural sleep rhythm.D.Keep to the eight-hour sleep pattern.问题5选项A.scientific journalsB.history booksD.fairy tales【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】判断推理题。

社科英语Unit1翻译

Unit11.经济学家通常假设人是理性的。

理性的人们系统地,有目的地做最好的,他们可以实现他们的目标,考虑到可用的机会。

当你学习经济学,你会遇到公司决定雇佣多少工人,有多少他们的产品生产和销售利润最大化。

你也会遇到那些决定花多少时间工作和买什么商品和服务产生的收入来实现最高水平的满意度。

2.3.理性的人知道,生活中的决定很少是黑白分明的,但,从事实上涉及灰色阴影。

在晚餐时间,决定你,在禁食或吃得像猪,但是否采取额外的'斯波夫,马希尔'博塔托人。

当考试开始,你的决定不是吹他们或学习24小时一天,但是否花额外的一个小时来审查你的笔记,而不是看电视。

经济学家用"边际变化"一词来描述小的内特内塔帕调整到现有的行动计划。

请记住,边距意味着"边缘,所以边缘更改是围绕您正在执行的操作的边缘进行调整。

理性的人经常通过比较边际收益和边际成本来做出决策。

3、例如,考虑航空公司决定向飞行的乘客收取多少费用待机. 假设在美国驾驶一架 200 座的飞机花费航空公司在这种情况下,每个座位的平均费用为100,000美元/200美元,即500美元。

有人可能会得出这样的结论:航空公司绝不应该以较低的的价格出售机票。

500.In美元的事实,一个理性的航空公司往往可以找到办法,通过思考提高利润在边缘。

想象一下,一架飞机即将起飞,有10个空座位,和在登机口等候的候补乘客将支付300美元作为座位。

如果航空公司出售票？当然,它应该。

如果飞机有空座位,则增加一个座位的成本乘客很小。

虽然乘客乘坐飞机的平均费用为500美元,但边际成本只是花生袋和汽水罐的成本,额外的乘客将消耗。

只要候补乘客支付的比边际成本多,卖票是有利可图的。

4、边际决策有助于解释一些否则令人费解的经济现象。

这里有一个经典的问题:为什么水这么便宜,而钻石这么贵？人类需要水才能生存,而钻石是不必要的;出于某种原因,人们愿意为钻石支付比为钻石多得多的费用。

nuclear power雅思大作文

nuclear power雅思大作文Nuclear power has been a topic of considerable debate for decades. Proponents argue that it is a clean and efficient source of energy, while opponents raise concerns about safety and environmental impact. This essay explores both sides of the argument and presents a balanced view on the role of nuclear power in our energy future.On one hand, nuclear power offers several advantages. It is a low-carbon energy source, which means it does not emit greenhouse gases during operation, making it a vital tool in the fight against climate change. Nuclear reactors are also highly efficient, capable of generating vast amounts of electricity with a small amount of fuel. This efficiency can help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and decrease the overall carbon footprint of energy production.Moreover, nuclear power plants operate continuously and can provide a stable base load of electricity, which is essential for meeting the growing demand for energy. Unlike renewable sources such aswind and solar, which are intermittent, nuclear power is reliable and can ensure a consistent energy supply.On the other hand, there are significant drawbacks to nuclear power. The most pressing issue is the safety of nuclear reactors. Accidents such as Chernobyl and Fukushima have highlighted the catastrophic consequences of nuclear meltdowns. The risk of radioactive contamination and the long-term storage of nuclear waste are also major concerns. The environmental and health impacts of these issues cannot be underestimated.Additionally, the construction of nuclear power plants is costly and time-consuming. The financial burden, along with the potential for construction delays and cost overruns, can be prohibitive for many countries. Furthermore, the proliferation of nuclear technology raises concerns about nuclear weapons proliferation and the potential for nuclear materials to fall into the wrong hands.In conclusion, nuclear power has the potential to be a key player in the transition to a low-carbon energy economy. Its efficiency and ability to provide a stableenergy supply are significant benefits. However, the safety, environmental, and financial concerns cannot be ignored. It is essential that rigorous safety standards are maintained and that research into safer reactor designs and more effective waste management solutions continues. Only with careful consideration of these factors can nuclear power be a sustainable and responsible part of our energy mix.中文翻译：核能一直是数十年来争议不断的话题。

2024年福建省专升本考试真题英语

2024年福建省专升本考试真题英语全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12024 Fujian Province Higher Education Self-taught Examination English TestPart I Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section A (10 points)1. What is the man’s major problem?A. He can’t find his bus pass.B. He’s missed his bus.C. He needs a ride to the bus station.2. What are the speakers mainly discussing?A. The woman’s travel plans.B. The man’s new car.C. The woman’s job interview.Section B (20 points)3. What does the woman suggest doing?A. Canceling the trip.B. Renting a car.C. Taking a train.4. What does the man think about the weather today?A. It’s pleasant.B. It’s cold.C. It’s rainy.5. What does the woman want to do this weekend?A. Study for exams.B. Visit a museum.C. Watch a baseball game.Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Passage OneAccording to the passage, what is true about dolphins?A. They have natural enemies.B. They can breathe in and out very quickly.C. They get along well with other animals.Passage TwoWhat does the passage mainly discuss?A. The benefits of exercise.B. The harmful effects of a sedentary lifestyle.C. The different types of sports.Passage ThreeAccording to the passage, what is an important factor in building self-confidence?A. Physical appearance.B. Positive thinking.C. Academic achievements.Part III Cloze Test (30 points)Cloze Test Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then write your choice on the Answer Sheet.Traveling is an amazing way to experience new cultures, cuisines and customs, but it can also be quite 31 __________, both physically and mentally. It’s important to take care of yourselfwhile on the road, so here are some 32 __________ for staying healthy and happy during your travels.First and foremost, make sure to stay hydrated. 33 __________ you’re exploring a hot desert or a cold mountain, your body needs 34 __________ to function properly. Carry a reusable water bottle and fill it up whenever you get the chance. This will not only 35 __________ you from getting dehydrated, but will also save you money on buying bottled water.Another important tip is to get enough rest. 36 __________ you’re jet-lagged from a long flight or just exhausted from a day of sightseeing, it’s cruc ial to listen to your body and give it the rest it needs. Take naps when you can and try to get a full night’s sleep whenever possible.Exercise is also key to maintaining your health while traveling. Even if you’re on a tight schedule, try to 37 __________ in some physical activity every day, whether it’s a morning jog, a yoga session or a quick swim. Not only will this keep you in 38 __________ shape, but it will also help you relax and destress.Lastly, don’t forget about the importance of 39 __________ a balanced diet. While it’s tempting to indulge in local delicacies and treats, it’s important to nourish your body with healthy foods as well. Try to 40 __________ a balance between eating outand cooking your own meals, and make sure to incorporate plenty of fruits and vegetables into your diet.Remember, taking care of yourself while traveling is essential to enjoying your trip to the fullest. By following these tips, you can stay healthy and happy wherever your travels take you.31. A. challenging B. exciting C. relaxing D. exhausting32. A. suggestions B. solutions C. advice D. tips33. A. Whether B. If C. Since D. Because34. A. water B. food C. sleep D. exercise35. A. prevent B. protect C. stop D. save36. A. Whether B. Whether C. If D. While37. A. squeeze B. put C. fit D. engage38. A. great B. good C. excellent D. perfect39. A. having B. eating C. following D. maintaining40. A. carry B. take C. strike D. achievePart IV Writing (100 points)Write an essay in about 300-350 words on the following topic:The Importance of Learning a Second LanguageIn today’s globalized world, learning a second language has become more important than ever before. There are countless reasons why learning a second language is beneficial, both personally and professionally.First and foremost, learning a second language can open up a world of opportunities for travel and cultural exchange. Being able to communicate in another language allows you to connect with people from different backgrounds and experiences, and to truly immerse yourself in a new culture. Whether you’re traveling for business or pleasure, knowing a second language can enhance your experience and make it more enjoyable.Additionally, learning a second language can boost your cognitive abilities and improve your memory. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals have better problem-solving skills, heightened creativity, and a greater ability to multitask. By challenging your brain to learn a new language, you can strengthen your mental faculties and ward off cognitive decline as you age.From a professional standpoint, being bilingual can give you a competitive edge in the job market. Many employers value language skills and seek out candidates who are proficient inmultiple languages. Being able to communicate with clients, colleagues, and partners in their native language can help you build stronger relationships and make a positive impression in the workplace.In conclusion, the benefits of learning a second language are vast and wide-ranging. Whether you’re looking to expand your horizons, improve your cognitive abilities, or advance your career, learning a second language is a valuable investment in yourself. So, why wait? Start learning a new language today and discover all the amazing benefits it has to offer.篇22024 Fujian Provincial Higher Education Self-taught ExaminationEnglish ExaminationPart I Reading Comprehension (50 points)Directions: In this part, there are five passages with questions or incomplete statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1A popular saying goes, "Knowledge is power." And indeed, education is key to success in today's highly competitive world. In recent years, online education has emerged as a convenient and flexible way for people to acquire knowledge and skills.One major advantage of online education is its accessibility. People from all over the world can access online courses regardless of their location. This means that individuals can improve their skills and boost their qualifications without having to travel long distances to attend traditional classes.Another benefit of online education is its flexibility. Learners can study at their own pace and at times that are convenient for them. They can also choose from a wide range of courses and programs that suit their interests and career goals.In addition, online education is often more affordable than traditional education. With lower tuition fees and the ability to study from home, online learners can save money on transportation, accommodation, and other costs associated with attending physical classes.Despite these advantages, online education also has its limitations. Some people may find it challenging to stay motivated and disciplined while studying online. In addition, thelack of face-to-face interaction with instructors and fellow students can make it difficult for some learners to fully engage and collaborate.Nevertheless, online education has become increasingly popular in recent years, with more and more people choosing to pursue their educational goals through online courses and programs.1. The author suggests that online education is advantageous because ____A. it is more affordable than traditional educationB. it allows people to improve their skills from homeC. it provides face-to-face interaction with instructorsD. it requires learners to travel long distances2. According to the passage, some people may struggle with online education because ____A. they lack interest in the coursesB. they have to study at a set paceC. they find it challenging to stay disciplinedD. they are unable to access online courses3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a limitation of online education?A. Lack of face-to-face interactionB. Difficulty staying motivatedC. High tuition feesD. Limited collaboration with fellow studentsNow Choose the right answers:1. B2. C3. CPassage 2Climate change is a pressing issue that threatens the future of our planet. Rising global temperatures, extreme weather events, and melting ice caps are just some of the consequences of human activities that have led to the warming of the Earth's climate.One of the main contributors to climate change is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. These sources of energy release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, trappingheat and causing the Earth's temperature to rise. As a result, we are witnessing more frequent and severe droughts, floods, and hurricanes that are putting millions of lives at risk.To address the challenges of climate change, it is essential for individuals, communities, and governments to take action. This includes reducing our carbon footprint by using renewable sources of energy such as solar, wind, and hydropower, and adopting sustainable practices in agriculture, transportation, and other sectors.In addition, raising awareness about the impacts of climate change and the importance of conservation is crucial for mobilizing public support for environmental protection initiatives. Education plays a key role in empowering individuals to make informed decisions and take meaningful action to mitigate the effects of climate change.4. According to the passage, what is one of the main contributors to climate change?A. DeforestationB. Use of renewable energyC. Burning of fossil fuelsD. Melting ice caps5. What is the importance of raising awareness about climate change?A. Mobilizing public support for environmental protection initiativesB. Reducing the Earth's temperatureC. Educating individuals about renewable energy sourcesD. Encouraging more severe droughts, floods, and hurricanes6. How can individuals reduce their carbon footprint?A. Using more fossil fuelsB. Adopting sustainable practicesC. Increasing greenhouse gas emissionsD. Ignoring the impacts of climate changeNow Choose the right answers:4. C5. A6. BPart II Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are twenty incomplete sentences in this part. For each, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.7. I ___________ you will enjoy the concert.A. hopeB. hopingC. hopedD. hopes8. Peter is ___________ student in our class.A. tallestB. the tallestC. tallerD. the taller9. The new movie, ___________ last week, has already becomea box office hit.A. releasedB. being releasedC. releasingD. having been released10. It is ___________ that he will arrive on time for the meeting.A. possiblyB. possibleC. possibilitiesD. possibility11. When I was a child, I ___________ a lot of time playing in the park.A. spentB. am spendingC. was spendingD. had spent12. My brother received a ___________ in Physics from a prestigious university.A. degreeB. majorD. mark13. The unicorn is a mythical creature that is said to have a ___________ horn on its forehead.A. sharpB. strongC. magicalD. bright14. The students were ___________ to participate in the school's annual talent show.A. invitedB. inclinedC. encouragedD. admitted15. It is important to ___________ a healthy lifestyle by eating well and exercising regularly.A. holdB. maintainD. retain16. The company has decided to ___________ its production of electric vehicles.A. expandB. decreaseC. reduceD. extend17. She was unable to ___________ the password to her computer.A. recallB. rememberC. remindD. retain18. The committee ___________ a plan to reduce carbon emissions in the city.A. developedB. developingC. is developingD. has developed19. The ___________ of the new restaurant attracted a lot of customers.A. openingB. serviceC. managerD. staff20. ___________for your help, I would have never been able to finish the project on time.A. ExceptB. WithoutC. UnlessD. DespiteNow Choose the right answers:7. A8. B9. A10. B11. A12. A13. C14. C15. B16. A17. A18. D19. A20. BPart III Cloze Test (30 points)Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Choosing a career path is one of the most important decisions you will make in your life. It is important to __21__ carefully about your interests, skills, and goals when __22__ acareer. Some people are __23__ their passion from a young age, while others may take longer to find their __24__.When considering different career options, it is important to research the __25__ requirements, job prospects, and potential salary. You should also seek advice from __26__ and professionals in the field to gain insights into the __27__ of the job.In addition to considering the __28__ aspects of a career, it is important to think about the __29__ impact of your work. Many people find fulfillment in careers that allow them to make a positive __30__ on society, such as healthcare, education, or environmental conservation.Ultimately, the __31__ of your career should align with your personal values and aspirations. It is important to __32__ a career path that will bring you satisfaction and happiness in the long run.Choosing a career is not an easy task, but with careful consideration and planning, you can __33__ a path that is fulfilling and rewarding.21. A. thinkB. considerC. planD. decide22. A. choosingB. selectedC. selectingD. decide23. A. bornB. madeC. discoveredD. found24. A. wayB. roadC. pathD. course25. A. educateB. educationalC. educationD. educateive26. A. mentorsB. teachersC. educatorsD. instructors27. A. dailyB. dailysC. dailiesD. day28. A. financialB. financiallyC. financesD. financials29. A. long-termB. long-termsC. longtermD. longterms30. A. liveB. lifeC. livingD. livesNow Choose the right answers:21. B22. A23. C24. C25. B26. A27. D28. A29. A30. BPart IV Reading Comprehension (50 points)Directions: In this part, there are ten reading passages with questions or incomplete statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on thebest choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The Great Wall of China is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. It stretches over 13,000 miles and was built over a period of several centuries to protect the Chinese Empire from invasions by nomadic tribes.The construction of the Great Wall began in the 7th century B.C. and continued into the 17th century A.D. It is estimated that over a million workers were involved in building the wall, using materials such as stone, brick, and wood.Today, the Great Wall is a popular tourist attraction, drawing millions of visitors from around the world each year. It is considered a symbol of China's rich history and cultural heritage.34. In what century did the construction of the Great Wall begin?A. 7th centuryB.C.B. 17th century B.C.C. 7th century A.D.D. 17th century A.D.35. What materials were used in the construction of the Great Wall?A. Stone, brick, and woodB. Steel and concreteC. Glass and aluminumD. Plastic and rubber36. Why is the Great Wall considered a symbol of China's rich history?A. Because it stretches over 13,000 milesB. Because it was built to protect the Chinese EmpireC. Because it was built by over a million workersD. Because it is a popular tourist attractionNow Choose the right answers:34. A35. A36. BPassage 2The Amazon rainforest is the largest tropical rainforest in the world, covering an area of over 2 million square miles in South America. It is home to a diverse range of plant and animal species, many of which are found nowhere else on Earth.The Amazon rainforest plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen into the atmosphere. It is often referred to as the "lungs of the planet."However, the Amazon rainforest is facing threats from deforestation, illegal logging, and climate change. These activities are destroying habitats and endangering the survival of countless species that rely on the rainforest for their survival.37. Where is the Amazon rainforest located?A. AfricaB. AsiaC. South AmericaD. Europe38. What is the Amazon rainforest often called?A. The heart of the planetB. The lungs of the planetC. The brain of the planetD. The stomach of the planet39. What are some of the threats facing the Amazon rainforest?A. PollutionB. Climate changeC. DeforestationD. All of the aboveNow Choose the right answers:37. C38. B39. DPart V Translation (50 points)Directions: In this part, there are three passages in Chinese. Translate them into English and write your translation on the Answer Sheet.40. 我们应该珍惜自然资源，保护环境，让地球变得更美好。

学术英语(社科)Unit2二单元原文及翻译

UNIT 2 Economist1.Every field of study has its own language and its own way of thinking. Mathematicians talk about axioms, integrals, and vector spaces. Psychologists talk about ego, id, and cognitive dissonance. Lawyers talk about venue, torts, and promissory estoppel.每个研究领域都有它自己的语言和思考方式。

数学家谈论定理、积分以及向量空间。

心理学家谈论自我、本能、以及认知的不一致性。

律师谈论犯罪地点、侵权行为以及约定的禁止翻供。

2.Economics is no different. Supply, demand, elasticity, comparative advantage, consumer surplus, deadweight loss—these terms are part of the economist’s language. In the co ming chapters, you will encounter many new terms and some familiar words that economists use in specialized ways. At first, this new language may seem needlessly arcane. But, as you will see, its value lies in its ability to provide you a new and useful way of thinking about the world in which you live.经济学家也一样。

1003高级口译真题

2010年03月高级口译真题(部分听力缺）SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST （30 minutes)Part A：Spot DictationDirections：In this part of the test，you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it。

Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONL Y ONCE.You probably know that asthma can cause breathing problems. So can kids with asthma play sports? ________(1）！Being active and playing sports is an especially good idea if you have asthma。

Why? Because it can _______（2)，so they work better.Some athletes with asthma have done more than develop stronger lungs. They’ve played _______(3）, and they've even won medals at the Olympic Games! Some sports are less likely to bother a person's asthma。

Neuron overload and the juggling physician

Neuron overload and the juggling physicianDanielle Ofri aPatients often complain that their doctors don't listen. Although there are probably a few doctors who truly are tone deaf, most are reasonably empathic human beings, and I wonder why even these doctors seem prey to this criticism. I often wonder whether it is sheer neuron overload on the doctor side that leads to this problem. Sometimes it feels as though my brain is juggling so many competing details, that one stray request from a patient—even one that is quite relevant—might send the delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down.One day, I tried to work out how many details a doctor needs to keep spinning in her head in order to do a satisfactory job, by calculating how many thoughts I have to juggle in a typical office visit. Mrs Osorio is a 56-year-old woman in my practice. She is somewhat overweight. She has reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension. Her cholesterol is on the high side but she doesn't take any medications for this. She doesn't exercise as much as she should, and her last DEXA scan showed some thinning of her bones. She describes her life as stressful, although she's been good about keeping her appointments and getting her blood tests. She's generally healthy, someone who'd probably be described as an average patient in a medical practice, not excessively complicated.Here are the thoughts that run through my head as I proceed through our 20-min consultation.Good thing she did her blood tests. Glucose is a little better. Cholesterol isn't great. May need to think about starting a statin. Are her liver enzymes normal?Her weight is a little up. I need to give her my talk about five fruits and vegetables and 30 min of walking each day.Diabetes: how do her morning sugars compare to her evening sugars? Has she spoken with the nutritionist lately? Has she been to the eye doctor? The podiatrist?Her blood pressure is good but not great. Should I add another BP med? Will more pills be confusing? Does the benefit of possible better blood pressure control outweigh the risk of her possibly not taking all of her meds?Her bones are a little thin on the DEXA. Should I start a bisphosphonate that might prevent osteoporosis? But now I'm piling yet another pill onto her, and one that requires detailed instructions. Maybe leave this until next time?How are things at home? Is she experiencing just the usual stress of life, or might there be depression or anxiety disorder lurking? Is there time for the depression questionnaire?Health maintenance: when was her last mammogram? PAP smear? Has she had a colonoscopy since she turned 50? Has she had a tetanus booster in the past 10 years? Does she qualify for a pneumonia vaccine?Ms Osorio interrupts my train of thought to tell me that her back has been aching for the past few months. From her perspective, this is probably the most important item in our visit, but the fact is that she's caught one of my neurons in mid-fire (the one that's thinking about her blood sugar, which is segueing into the neuron that's preparing the diet-and-exercise discussion, which is intersecting with the one that's debating about initiating a statin). My instinct is to put one hand up and keep all interruptions at bay. It's not that I don't want to hear what she has to say, but the sensation that I'm juggling so many thoughts, and need to resolve them all before the clock runs down, that keeps me in moderate state of panic. What if I drop one—what if one of my thoughts evaporates while I address another concern? I'm trying to type as fast as I can, for the very sake of not letting any thoughts escape, but every time I turn to the computer to write, I'm not making eye contact with Mrs Osorio. I don't want my patient to think that the computer is more important than she is, but I have to keep looking toward the screen to get her lab results, check her mammogram report, document the progress of her illnesses, order the tests, refill her prescriptions.Then she pulls a form out her of bag: her insurance company needs this form for some reason or another. An innocent—and completely justified—request, but I feel that this could be the straw that breaks the camel's back, that the precarious balance of all that I'm keeping in the air will be simply unhinged. I nod, but indicate that we need to do her physical examination first. I barrel through the basics, then quickly check for any red-flag signs that might suggest that her back pain is anything more than routine muscle strain. I return to the computer to input all the information, mentally running through my checklist, anxious that nothing important slips from my brain's holding bay.I want to do everything properly and cover all our bases, but the more effort I place into accurate and thorough documentation, the less time I have to actually interact with my patient. A glance at the clock tells me that we've gone well beyond our allotted time. I stand up and hand Mrs Os orio her prescriptions. “What about my insurance form,” she asks. “It needs to be in by Friday, otherwise I might lose my coverage.” I clap my hand against my forehead; I've completely forgotten about the form she'd asked about just a few minutes ago.Studies have debunked the myth of multitasking in human beings. The concept of multitasking was developed in the computer field to explain the idea of a microprocessor doing two jobs at one time. It turns out that microprocessors are in fact linear, and actually perform only one task at a time. Our computers give the illusion of simultaneous action based on the microprocessor “scheduling” competing activities in a complicated integratedalgorithm. Like microprocessors, we humans can't actually concentrate on two thoughts at the same exact time. We merely zip back and forth between them, generally losing accuracy in the process. At best, we can juggle only a handful of thoughts in this manner. The more thoughts we juggle, the less we are able to attune fully to any given thought. To me, this is a recipe for disaster. Today I only forgot an insurance company form. But what if I'd forgotten to order her mammogram, or what if I'd refilled only five of her six medicines? What if I'd forgotten to fully explain the side-effects of one of her medications? The list goes on, as does the anxiety.At the end of the day, my mind spins as I try to remember if I've forgotten anything. Mrs Osorio had seven medical issues to consider, each of which required at least five separate thoughts: that's 35 thoughts. I saw ten patients that afternoon: that's 350. I'd supervised five residents that morning, each of whom saw four patients, each of whom generated at least ten thoughts. That's another 200 thoughts. It's not to say that we can't handle 550 thoughts in a working day, but each of these thoughts potentially carries great risk if improperly evaluated. If I do a good job juggling 98% of the time, that still leaves ten thoughts that might get lost in the process. Any one of those lost thoughts could translate into a disastrous outcome, not to mention a possible lawsuit. Most doctors are reasonably competent, caring individuals, but the overwhelming swirl of thoughts that we must keep track of leaves many of us in a perpetual panic that something serious might slip. This is what keeps us awake at night.There are many proposed solutions—computer-generated reminders, case managers, ancillary services. To me, the simplest one would be time. If I had an hour for each patient, I'd be a spectacular doctor. If I could let my thoughts roll linearly and singularly, rather than simultaneously and haphazardly, I wouldn't fear losing anything. I suspect that it would actually be more efficient, as my patients probably wouldn't have to return as frequently. But realistically, no one is going to hand me a golden hour for each of my patients. My choices seem to boil down to entertaining fewer thoughts, accepting decreased accuracy for each thought, giving up on thorough documentation, or having a constant headache from neuronal overload.These are the choices that practising physicians face every day, with every patient. Mostly we rely on our clinical judgment to prioritise, accepting the trade-off that is inevitable with any compromise. We attend to the medical issues that carry the greatest weight and then have to let some of the lesser ones slide, with the hope that none of these seemingly lesser ones masks something grave.Some computers have indeed achieved the goal of true multitasking, by virtue of having more than one microprocessor. In practice, that is like possessing an additional brain that can function independently and thus truly simultaneously. Unless the transplant field advances drastically, there is little hope for that particular deus ex machina. In some cases,having a dedicated and competent clinical partner such as a one-on-one nurse can come close to simulating a second brain, but most medical budgets don't allow for such staffing indulgence.As it stands, it seems that we will simply have to continue this impossible mental high-wire act, juggling dozens of clinical issues in our brains, panicking about dropping a critical one. The resultant neuronal overload will continue to present a distracted air to our patients that may be interpreted as us not listening, or perhaps not caring.When my computer becomes overloaded, it simply crashes. Usually, I reboot in a fury, angry about all my lost work. Now, however, I view my computer with a tinge of envy. It has the luxury of being able to crash, and of a reassuring, omniscient hand to press the reboot button. Physicians are permitted no such extravagance. I pull out the bottle of paracetamol tablets from my desk drawer and set about disabling the childproof cap. It's about the only thing I truly have control over.。

2024年教师资格(中学)-英语学科知识与教学能力(初中)考试历年真题摘选附带答案

2024年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) Don't be afraid of asking for help→ ←it is needed.A. unlessB. sinceC. althoughD. when2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Do you want to see the effects of global warming? Then head north. Will Steger is going to take all of us there. Steger, 64, the first person to make a dogsled trip to the Noah Pole, is a very famous and admired polar explorer. He's at home in frozen parts of the world where few humans ever step on. Steger is also a devoted environmentalist who was early to ring the alarm bell on global warming. He saw its effects firsthand in frequent polar expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctica.Steger is about to lead a team of six young adventurers on a 1,400-mile,60-day-long dogsled trip across Ellesmere Island, in the Canadian Arctic. The sea ice in that region should still be frozen. "We want to take our audience to the front lines of global warming, "says Steget. The team will be uploading videos, stories and photos to the website global-warming, com as they march along, allowing armchair adventurer's and kids in classrooms to follow their progress day to day. "We can actually bring the audience up there," Steger says.Steger's team will include some already-famous young explorers. Sam Branson, the 22- year-old son of British airline tycoon(大亨)Richard Branson, is an experienced Arctic traveler. Also on the journey will be 27-year-old Norwegian Sigrid Ekran. Last year, Ekran became only the second woman in history to win Rookie(新秀)of the Year for the Iditarod Sled Dog Race. What they will see may be surprising. Even Steger doesn't know exactly what to expect. Climate change has already reshaped the geography of the Arctic, "Within a decade or less, it's goingto be impossible to reach the North Pole by dog team, without flotation (漂流),"says Steger. Climate change is happening, but people can change too. Their willingness to change will determine the shape of Earth's future. Steger is about to organize the adventure to the Arctic in order to→ ←.A. let more people enjoy its natural beautyB. collect evidence for his scientific researchC. let people realize the bad effects of global warmingD. develop the young people's adventurous and brave spirit3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sets of English sounds differs only in one distinctive feature?→ ←A. [v][e][i:][e]B. [f][z][?][i]C. [i:][i][e][?]D. [p][i][e][s]4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sets of English sounds differs only in one distinctive feature?_A. [v][e][i:][e]B. [f][z][?][i]C. [i:][i][e][?]D. [p][i][e][s]5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There are two factors which determine an individual’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is bom with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual——the sort of environment in which he is brought up. if an individual is handicappedenvironmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the ease history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was raised by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to me asure their intelligence. Mark’s I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that→ ←A. individuals with identical brains seldom test at the same levelB. an individual’s intelligence is determined only by his environmentC. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenceD. changes of environment produce changes in the structure of the brain6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage TwoRespect is not included in the marriage vows. No illustrated books show how to achieve it. And yet it is central to a lasting, satisfying marriage.What is this thing called respect? It is not the same as admiration. "When you fall in love, you admire the other, "says Dr. Alexandra Symonds, associate clinical professor of psychiatry at the New York University, School of Medicine.” You look up to someone-much the way a child idealizes a parent.”Such romantic admiration thrives and even depends on the illusion that he or she is "perfect for you.95 Thafs why it doesnt last. "You come to see that the person you married isnt exactly what you expected.", says Francine Klagsbrun. "There are differences of personality, of approaches to life, different ways of doing things. ”You can try to change your mate back into your fantasy. But for the marriage to last and grow its better to →agree to disagree←, to learn to let each other be. Only by taking this path can you begin to develop real respect toward each other.“I have one patient whose husband loves sports，especially tennis，”says Dr. Symonds.” She would prefer to go to the theatre, or to stay at home and read. She could simply say, ‘We have different tastes.’ Instead, she says, How can he waste his time and money that way? She puts him down."The put-down is the chief symptom and weapon of lack of respect or contempt. "Contempt is the w orst kind of emotion.” says Symonds. "You feel the other person has no worth.’ We’ve all seen marriages in which one or both partners attack the other quite savagely in the guise of Its for your own good. Any "good" is→ undone ←by the hostile tone. A wife nags her husband to be more ambitious and makes him feel like a failure because he prefers craftsman- ship or community projects to the competitive business world. Or a husband accuses his wife of wasting time whenever she gets together with a friend. "Why isnt she doing something productive?"In good marriage partners nurture each others self-esteem. They may express humorous incomprehension of one anothers preferences, but they never make the other person feel like an idiot. "Martyrs idea of a vacation is to go down to the basement on a sunny day and spend time woodworking, "says Dr. Alexandra Symonds of her husband, psychiatrist and surgeon Martin Symond.But theres fondness in the gibes and firm support for the others right to be himself. Respect is expressed in words like. ul dont want to go to the concert, but you have a great And occasionally, "Sure, III come with you. Just dont him angry if I fall asleep. " Respect, then is appreciation of the separateness of the other person, of the ways in which he or she is unique. These things take time to discover and accept.Thats the paradox of a good marriage: only by respecting each other as you are do you open the door to change. The root meaning of the word respect is "to look at". Respect is a clear yet loving eye. It sees what is really there, but it also sees what is potentially there and helps bring it to fruition. Respect is the art of love by which married couples honorwhat is unique and best in each other.The underlined phrase "→agree to disagree”←in Paragraph 4 means that____.A. one should realize that no two people are the sameB. one should be keen to find out his or her partners meritsC. one should face the reality that his or her partner is not a perfect personD. one should realize that he or she should appreciate differences on the part of his or her partner7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities can be used to check students’ understanding of difficult sentences in the text? ( )A. ParaphrasingB. Blank-fillingC. Story—tellingD. Summarizing8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I could speak→ ←Japanese→ ←Chinese, soI had to talk with him in English.A. not only; but alsoB. both; andC. neither; norD. either; or9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When a teacher says “Next, please pay attention to the time of arrival and departure of the planes in the recording”，he/she intends to develop the students’ skill of______.A. predictingB. getting the general picturesC. distinguishing soundsD. getting specific information10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Allen placed too much→ ←on sports and not enough on his studies.A. agitationB. emphasisC. hesitationD. interest11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) We went right round to the west coast by→ ←sea instead of driving across→ ←continent.A. the; theB. /; theC. the; /D. /;/12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) In which of the following situations is the teacher playing the role of observer?→ ←A. Giving feedback and dealing with errors.B. Organizing students to do activities by giving instructions.C. Walking around to see how each student performs in group work.D. Offering help to those who need it both in ideas and language.13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following teacher' s instructions could serve purpose of eliciting ideas?A. Shall we move on?B. Read after me everyoneC. What can you see in this picture?D. What does the word “quickly” mean?14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mr. Wang gave all the textbooks to all the students,except→ ←who had already taken them.A. theseB. thatC. the onesD. the others15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Some farmers saw→ ←in the sky.A. strange somethingB. something strangeC. strange anythingD. anything strange16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) "Now, did the questions help you understand the text better?" What is the teacher doing by saying this in terms of instruction?→ ←A. observing the activityB. evaluating the activityC. monitoring the activityD. controlling the activity17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) "There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when theyre 18, and the truth is far from that," says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents, "there is a major shift in the middle class," declares sociologist Allan Schnaibergof Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months.Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising,a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people.A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of anaway-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, "Its ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent.It makes sense for kids to stay at home. " But sharing the family home requires adjustmentsfor all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco,24, has been home three times and left three times. "What I considered a social drink,my dad considered an alcohol problem," she explains. "He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends house.Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Mostpsychologists feel lengthy home comings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with "a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure." And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuckwith responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.According to the author, there was once a trend in the U. S.→←.A. for young adults to leave their parents and live independentlyB. for middle class young adults to stay with their parentsC. for married young adults to move back home after a lengthy absenceD. for young adults to get jobs nearby in order to live with their parents18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following belongs to the communicativeapproach?→ ←A. Focus on accuracyB. Focus on fluencyC. Focus on strategiesD. Focus on comprehension19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Who is the author of The Scarlet Letter?→ ←.A. Ralph Waldo EmersonB. Henry DavidC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher asks students to concentrate on such featuresas structure, coherence and cohesion of a test he/she aims at developing students’→ ←.A. strategic competenceB. cultural awarenessC. communicative competenceD. discourse awareness21.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Dr.Smith was always→ ←the poor and the sick,often providing them with free medical care.A. reminded ofB. absorbed inC. tended byD. concerned about22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Would you like→ ←music?A. to listen toB. to listeningC. listeningD. listening to23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Jimmy asked Mary to lend him some money, which she agreed to,→ ←that he paid her back the following month.A. on occasionB. in caseC. under circumstanceD. on condition24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It was with great joy______ he knew that his GMAT score as 670, high enough to apply to a top university of business.A. whenB. withC. whatD. that25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What is the teacher doing by saying this in terms of instruction? "Now, did the questions h elp you understand the text better?”→ ←A. observing the activityB. evaluating the activityC. monitoring the activityD. controlling the activity26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Scholastic thinkers held a wide variety of doctrines in both philosophy and theology, the study of religion. What gives unity to the whole Scholastic movement, the academic practice in Europe from the 9th to the 17th centuries, are the common aims, attitudes, and methods, generally accepted by all its members. The chief concern of the Scholastics was not to discover new facts but to integrate the knowledge already acquired separately by Greek reasoning and Christian revelation. This concern is one of the most characteristic differences between Scholasticism and modem thought since the Renaissance. The basic aim of the Scholastics determined certain common attitudes, the most important of which was their conviction of the fundamental harmony between reason and revelation. The Scholastics maintained that because the same God was the source of both types of knowledge and truth was one of his chief attributes, he could not contradict himself in these two ways of speaking. Any apparent opposition between revelation and reason could be traced either to an incorrect use of reason or to an inaccurate interpretation of the words of revelation. Because the Scholastics believed that revelation was the direct teaching of God, it possessed for them a higher degree of truth and certainty than did natural reason. In apparent conflicts between religious faith and philosophic reasoning, faith was thus always the supreme arbiter; the theologian’s decision overruled that of the philosopher. After the early 13th century, Scholastic thought emphasized more the independence of philosophy within its own domain. Nonetheless, throughout the Scholastic period, philosophy was called the servant of theology, not only because the truth of philosophy was subordinated to that of theology, but also because the theologian used philosophy to understand and explain revelation.This attitude of Scholasticism stands in sharp contrast to the so-called double-truth theory of the Spanish-Arab philosopher and physician Averroes. His theory assumed that truth was accsssible to both philosophy and Islamic theology but that only philosophy could attain it perfectly. The so-called truths of theology served, hence, as imperfect imaginative expressions for the common people of the authentic truth accessible only to philosophy. Averroes maintained that philosophic truth could even contradict, at least verbally，the teachings of Islamic theology.As a result of their belief in the harmony between faith and reason, the scholastics attempted to determine the precise scope and competence of each of these faculties. Many early Scholastics，such as the Italian ecclesiastic and philosopher Stanselm, did not clearly distinguish the two and were overconfident that reason could prove certain doctrines of revelation. Later, at the height of the mature period of Scholasticism, the Italian theologian and philosopher St. Thomas Aquinas worked out a balance between reason and revelation. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 of the text that→ ←.A. the position of philosophy as a humble servant was acceptedB. religion had turned into a hamper to the functioning of philosophyC. philosophers often quoted revelation to support themselvesD. philosophers were sometimes referred to in religious practice27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Language is a tool of communication. The symbol “Highway Closed” on a highway serves→ ←.A. an expressive functionB. an informative functionC. a performative functionD. a persuasive function28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Just recently the trustees of Social Security and Medicare issued their annual reports on the programs futures. Heres one startling fact: By 2030 the projected costs of Social Security and Medicare could easily consume via higher taxes-a third of workers future wage and salary increases. Were mortgaging workers future pay gains for baby boomers retirement benefits.This matters because Social Security and Medicare are pay-as-you-go programs. Current taxpayers pay current benefits. Future taxpayers will pay future benefits. Baby boomers retirement benefits will come mostly from their children and grandchildren, who will be tomorrow’s workers. Consequently, baby boomers children and grandchildren face massive tax increases. Social Security and Medicare spending now equals 14 percent of wage and salary income, reports Elizabeth Bell, a research assistant to Eugene Steuerle of the Urban Institute, Washington, D. C. By 2030, using the trustees various projections, that jumps to 26 percent. Of course, payroll taxes dont cover all the costs of Social Security and Medicare. Still, these figures provide a crude indicator of the economic burden, because costs are imposed heavily on workers via some tax, government borrowing and cuts in other government programs.It can be argued that the costs are bearable. The wage gains in the trustees reports could prove too pessimistic. Like all forecasts, theyre subject to errors. Even if they come true, they assume that tomorrow’s wages will be higher than today’s. Productivity increases; wages rise. In 2030, under the trustees "intermediate" assumptions, workers before tax incomes would be about a third higher than now, says Tom Saving of Texas A&M University. Whats the complaint if workers lost through steeper taxes-some of that? Why shouldnt they generously support parents and grandparents? Well, maybe they will. But there are at least two possible flaws in this logic.The first is that, on a year-to-year basis, wage gains would be tiny-less than 1 percent. When theyve gotten that low before, people have complained that theyre "on a treadmill" and that the American dream has been withdrawn. Even these gains might be diluted by further tax increases to trim today’s already swollen budget deficits. The second and more serious threat is that higher taxes would harm the economy. They might dull economic vitality by reducing investment and the rewards for work and risk-taking. Productivity and wage gains might be smaller than predicted. Then we’d flirt with that death spiral: Wed need still higher taxes to pay benefits, but those taxes might depress economic growth more.One way or another, workers may get fed up with paying so much of their paychecks to supportretirees, many of whom were living quite comfortably. So we ought to redefine the generational compact to lighten the burden of an aging population on workers. The needed steps are clear:to acknowledge longer life expectancies by slowly raising eligibility ages for Social Security and Medicare; to limit future spending by curbing retirement benefits for thebetter-off; to keep people in the productive economy longer by encouraging jobs that mix "work” and "retirement".The main tax base for Social Security and Medicare is→←.A. retirement benefitsB. the wage and salaryC. governments budgetD. trustee fund29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When a teacher teaches young learners English pronunciation,he should→ ←.A. Listen as much as possibleB. input regardless of students' abilityC. tolerate small errors in continuous speechD. read more English materials30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Total physical response as a TEFL which is more aften usedfor teaching________.A. childrenB. adultsC. ESP courseD. GE course31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following correctly describes the word stress?→ ←A. accelerate, accelerated, acceleration, acceleratingB. AcceLerate, accelerated, acceLeration, acceleratingC. accelerate, Accelerated, acceleration, acceleratingD. accelerate, accelerated, acceleration, Accelerating32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Being a direct relative of the deceased, her claim to the estate was_____.A. optionalB. compulsoryC. legitimateD. prominent33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following activities does not belong topre-reading activities?→ ←A. scanningB. setting the sceneC. skimmingD. paraphrasing34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Where is Love? How can we find Love?The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like "Paleolithic Man", "Neolithic Man", etc., neatly sum up the whole periods. When the timecomes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label "Legless Man". Histories of the time will go something like this. "In the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn't use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks." The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another，we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird's eye view of the world-or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: "I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea". The typical twentieth century traveler is the man who always says, "I've been there. " You mention the remotest, most evocative place names in the world like E1 Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say, "I've been there meaning" I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else ".When you travel at high speed, the present means nothing; you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving is one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step be makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound satisfying sleep will be just the reward of all true travelers. Traveling at high speed means→←.A. people's focus on the futureB. a pleasureC. satisfying drivers' great thrillD. a necessity of life35.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage TwoThere was a time in my life when beauty meant something special to .me. I guess that would have been when I was about six or seven years old，just several weeks or maybe a month before the orphanage (孤儿院)turned me into an old man.I would get up every morning at the orphanage, make my bed just like the little soldier that I had become and then I would get into one of the two straight lines and march to breakfast with the other twenty or thirty boys who also lived inmy dormitory.After breakfast one Saturday morning I returned to the dormitory and saw the house parent chasing the beautiful monarch butterflies who lived by the hundreds in the bushes scattered around the orphanage.I carefully watched as he caught these beautiful creatures, one after another, and then took them from the net and then stuck straight pins through their head and wings, pinning them onto a heavy cardboard sheet.How cruel it was to kill something of such beauty. I had walked many times out into the bushes, all by myself, just so the butterflies could land on my head, face and hands so I could look at them up close.When the telephone rang the house parent laid the large cardboard paper down on the back cement (水泥) step and went inside to answer the phone. I walked up to the cardboard and looked at the one butterfly who he had just pinned to the large paper. It was still moving about so I reached down and touched it on the wing causing one of the pins to fall out. It started flying around and around trying to get away but it was still pinned by the one wing with the other straight pin. Finally its wing broke off and the butterfly fell to the ground and just trembled.I picked up the tom wing and the butterfly and I spat on its wing and tried to get it to stick back on so it could fly away and be free before the house parent came back. But it would not stay on him. The author set the living butterfly free because______ .A. he liked it very muchB. he had sympathy for the beautiful butterflyC. he couldn't bear a butterfly dying in his favorite bushesD. its wing broke off36.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The machine looked like a large，old-fashioned→←typewriter.A. forcefulB. clumsyC. intenseD. tricky37.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←is the home of golf.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Ireland38.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes. Seven others were so badly damaged that their owners had to leave them, and fifteen others had broken windows or broken roofs. One person was killed, several were badly hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received smaller hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm.A farmer, Mr.Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour. "I was eating with my wife and children, "he said, "When we heard a loud noise. A few minutes later our house fell down on top of US. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw that one of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him. safe but very frightened."Mr s. Woo Mei Fong said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her house was moving. She ran outside at once with her children ."There was no time to take anything,"she said, "A few minutes later, the roof came down."Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area and the welfare department brought them food, clothes and shelter.Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?→←。

高二英语世界历史中的伟大人物与事件阅读理解25题

高二英语世界历史中的伟大人物与事件阅读理解25题1<背景文章>Alexander the Great is one of the most renowned figures in history. His conquests spanned a vast territory, leaving a lasting impact on the world. Born in Pella, Macedonia, Alexander was the son of King Philip II. From a young age, he showed great courage and leadership.Alexander's army was highly disciplined and skilled. They defeated many powerful kingdoms and empires. His conquests included Persia, Egypt, and parts of India. Along the way, he established many cities and spread Greek culture.One of Alexander's greatest achievements was his ability to blend different cultures. He encouraged his soldiers to marry local women and promoted the exchange of ideas and traditions. This led to a rich cultural synthesis that influenced future generations.Alexander's leadership style was also remarkable. He was known for his bravery in battle and his ability to inspire his troops. He led from the front and was always willing to take risks. His strategic thinking and military genius allowed him to overcome seemingly insurmountable obstacles.The impact of Alexander's conquests was far-reaching. He opened uptrade routes and promoted cultural exchange. His empire became a center of learning and innovation. Many of the ideas and institutions that emerged during his reign had a profound influence on the development of Western civilization.1. Alexander the Great was born in ___.A. AthensB. SpartaC. PellaD. Rome答案：C。

六年级未来科技英语阅读理解25题

六年级未来科技英语阅读理解25题1<背景文章>In the future, smart robots will play an important role in our homes. They can help us with many tasks. For example, they can clean the house, do the laundry, and even cook meals. Smart robots can also talk to us and answer our questions. They can play games with us and tell us stories. With the help of smart robots, our lives will become more convenient and comfortable.1. Smart robots can do many things in the future. Which one is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Clean the house.B. Do the homework.C. Cook meals.D. Do the laundry.答案：B。

解析：文章中提到了智能机器人可以打扫房子、洗衣服和做饭，但是没有提到可以做家庭作业。

2. What can smart robots do besides helping with tasks?A. Sing songs.B. Dance.C. Talk to us and answer our questions.D. Draw pictures.答案：C。

解析：文章中提到智能机器人可以和我们交谈并回答我们的问题，其他选项文章中未提及。

3. With the help of smart robots, our lives will become ______.A. more difficultB. more boringC. more convenient and comfortableD. more tiring答案：C。

英文辩论赛辩题

英文辩论赛辩题Title: Should the use of nuclear energy be expanded?Ladies and gentlemen, today we are gathered here to discuss the topic of whether the use of nuclear energy should be expanded. This is a highly controversial issue that has sparked intense debate among policymakers, scientists, and the general public. On one hand, proponents argue that nuclear energy is a clean, reliable, and cost-effective source of power that can help reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate the effects of climate change. On the other hand, opponents raise concerns about the safety and security risks associated with nuclear power, as well as the long-term storage of radioactive waste.Proponents of expanding nuclear energy argue that it is a crucial component of a diversified energy portfolio. They point to the fact that nuclear power plants produce minimal greenhouse gas emissions, making them an attractive optionfor reducing carbon emissions. Additionally, nuclear energy is a reliable source of baseload power, meaning it can provide a consistent and stable supply of electricity, unlike intermittent renewable sources such as wind and solar. Proponents also argue that advancements in nuclear technology have made reactors safer and more efficient, and that expanding nuclear energy can help create jobs and stimulate economic growth.However, opponents of nuclear energy expansion raise valid concerns about the potential risks and drawbacks of this technology. They argue that nuclear power plants pose significant safety and security risks, as demonstrated by disasters such as Chernobyl and Fukushima. The long-term storage of radioactive waste is also a major concern, as current methods for disposal are not entirely secure or sustainable. Furthermore, opponents argue that investing in nuclear energy diverts resources and attention away from renewable energy sources, which are becoming increasingly cost-competitive and offer a more sustainable long-term solution to our energy needs.In conclusion, the expansion of nuclear energy is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires careful consideration of both its benefits and drawbacks. While nuclear energy has the potential to play a significant role in reducing carbon emissions and meeting our growing energy demands, it also presents significant safety, security, and environmental challenges. It is crucial that we engage in a thoughtful and informed debate on this topic, weighing the potential benefits of nuclear energy against its inherent risks and drawbacks. Only by doing so can we make informed decisions about the future of our energy infrastructure and the impact it will have on our planet and future generations. Thank you.。

新GRE逻辑阅读练习题汇总

新GRE逻辑阅读练习题汇总该如何备考新GRE规律阅读呢?我和大家共享一下新GRE规律阅读练习题吧，快来学习一下吧，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

新GRE规律阅读练习题Hydrogeology is a science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on the surface of the land, in the soil and underlying rocks, and Line in the atmosphere. The term geohydrology is 5 sometimes erroneously used as a synonym for hydrogeology. Geohydrology is concerned with underground water. There are many formations that contain water but are not part of the hydrologic cycle because of geologic changes that have isolated them 10 underground. These systems are properly termed geohydrologic but not hydrogeologic. Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic. (107 words)1. It can be inferred that which of the following is most likely to be the subject of study by a geohydrologist?(A) Soft, porous rock being worn away by a waterfall(B) Water depositing minerals on the banks of a gorge through which the water runs(C) The trapping of water in a sealed underground rock cavernthrough the actionof an earthquake(D) Water becoming unfit to drink through the release of pollutants into it from a manufacturing plant(E) The changing course of a river channel as the action of the water wears away the rocks past which the river flows2. The author refers to many formations primarily in order to(A) clarify a distinction(B) introduce a subject(C) draw an analogy(D) emphasize a similarity(E) resolve a conflict答案：C/A新GRE规律阅读练习题Initially the Vinaver theory that Malory‘s eight romances, once thought to be fundamentally unified. were in fact eight independent works produced both a Line sense of relief and an unpleasant shock. Vinaver‘s 5 theory comfortably explained away the apparent contradictions of chronology and made each romance independently satisfying. It was, however, disagreeable to find that what had been thought of as one book was now eight books. Part of this response was the natural 10 reaction to the disturbance of set ideas. Nevertheless,even now, after lengthy consideration of the theory‘s refined but legitimate observations, one cannot avoid the conclusion that the eight romances are only one work. It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the 15 theory of independence, but of rejecting its implications: that the romances may be taken in any or no particular order, that they have no cumulative effect, and that they are as separate as the works of a modern novelist. (154 words)For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes which of the following about Malory‘sworks?□A There are meaningful links between and among the romances.□B The subtleties of the romances are obscured when they are taken as one work.□C Any contradictions in chronology among the romances are less important than their over-all unity.6. The author of the passage concedes which of the following about the Vinaver theory?(A) It gives a clearer understanding of the unity of Malory‘s romances.(B) It demonstrates the irrationality of considering Malory‘s romances to be unified.(C) It establishes acceptable links between Malory‘s romances and modern novels.(D) It unifies earlier and later theories concerning the chronology of Malory‘s romances.(E) It makes valid and subtle comments about Malory‘s romances.7. Select the sentence in the passage that suggests that, in evaluating the Vinaver theory, some critics were initially biased by previous interpretations of Malory‘s work.答案及解析：第一题选AC做这个题首先要对文章进行剖析。

职称英语理工类阅读原文版模拟第7篇1

职称英语理工类阅读原文版模拟第7篇1阅读下面的短文。

每篇短文的后面有五个问题，每个问题有四个备选答案。

请根据短文的内容选择答案。

每个试题计3分,共计15分Thirst for OilWerldwide every day，we devour the energyequivalent of about 200 million barrels of Oil．MoHt of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun．In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet's surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year，we just need to find an efficient way to use it．So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at．But as supplies dwindle，this will change，and we will need to cure our addiction to oil．Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution，when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice．Coal is still used，mostly in power stations，to cover orle quarter of our energy needs，but its use has been declining since wc Stanedpumping up oil．Coal is the least efficient，unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel，but could make a comeback，as supplies are still plentiful；its reserves arefive times larger than oil's．Today petroleum，a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol，diesel oil and various other chemical substances，provides around 40% of the world's energy needs，mostly fuelling automobiles．The US consumes a quarter of all oil，and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions．The majority of oil Comes from the Middle East，which has half of known reserves．But other significant sources include Russia，North America，Norway，Venezuela and the North Sea．Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge1 could be a major new US source，to reduce reliance on foreign imports．Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years，though opinions and estimates vary．We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades，when demand exceeds supply．As conventional reserves become more difficuh to access．others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead．Petrol could also be obtained from coal．Since we started using fossil fuels，we have released 400 billion tonnes2 of carbon，and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13℃．Amongother horrors，this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and tile inching of all Arctic ice．词汇：devour/di5vauE (r)/v．吞没，耗尽dwindle/5dwindl/v．减少dense/dens/adj．密集的diesel oil 柴油pump/pQmp/v．用泵抽吸accessible/Ek5sesEbl/adj．可使用的，可得到的petrolcum/5petrEl/n．石油，原油rainforest n．(热带)雨林reliance/ri5laiEns/n．依赖，依靠tar sand 沥青砂oil shale 油页岩destruction/dis5trQkFEn/n．破坏，毁灭【备注说明，非正文，实际使用可删除如下部分。

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a r Xi v:h ep-ph/13156v114Mar21HYPERON RATIOS AT RHIC AND THE COALESCENCE PREDICTIONS AT MID-RAPIDITY J.ZIM ´ANYI,P.L ´EVAI,T.CS ¨ORG ˝O,T.S.BIR ´O MTA KFKI RMKI,H-1525Budapest 114,POB 49,Hungary e-mail:jzimanyi@sunserv.kfki.hu Quark coalescence predictions for various multi-strange baryon to anti-baryon ra-tios for central Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies are compared to preliminary data of the STAR collaboration.The formation of Quark Matter and the sudden recombination of its constituent quarks into hadrons is found to be in agreement with these preliminary data.It seems that strange hadron and antihadron produc-tion in Au+Au collisions at RHIC is similar to that in Pb+Pb collisions at CERN SPS.In the Quark Matter’99conference the possibility of an interesting sce-nario for the RHIC reactions was pointed out.1Namely we may meet the situ-ation that in the ﬁrst stage of the collision a sort of quark gluon plasma ﬁreball is formed.This ﬁreball expands and cools,and just before the hadronization this matter may change into a Quark Matter similar to that state which was present at the SPS Pb+Pb collisions at the beginning of hadronization.The basic degrees of freedom of this state are the dressed valence quarks,the glu-onic degrees of freedom are suppressed e.g.due to their large eﬀective mass.2The earlier fragmentation of these gluons resulted in new valence quarks,that are the constituents of the ﬁnal state hadrons.Keeping in mind this possibility,theoretical predictions were made for the RHIC Au+Au collisions based on a coalescence model,which succesfully described -among others -the antihyperon to hyperon ratios at SPS.Recently preliminary experimental data were shown for these ratios by the STAR collaboration.3,4Thus it is timely to compare these new experimental results with the theoretical predictions.1The Linear Coalescence ModelIn the following we shall demonstrate the deﬁciency of the linear coales-cence model in a very simple case.The idea of coalescence was created many years ago for the understanding of some low energy nuclear physics problems.Among others the production of deuterons in low energy heavy ion reaction was explained by the assumption that a neutron and a proton will coalesce if they are near to each other in space and momentum space.We shall denote by k the number of particles of type k within the rapidity interval,in which ismd00-zimanyi:submitted to World Scientiﬁc on February 1,20081the particle ratios are constant.(In low energy reactions these numbers are the total numbers of particles within theﬁreball.)The number of produced deuterons,d,is assumed to be proportional to the number of protons,p,and the number of neutrons,n.The factor of proportionality,c d,can be calcu-lated from the elementary cross sections and the phase-space distribution of protons and neutrons.This leads to the linear coalescence model predictiond=c d p n.(1) This kind of relationship expresses the essence of the linear coalescence model. It is an acceptable approximation as long as a small fraction of protons and neutrons will coalesce into deuterons,c d<<1.The linear coalescence model, however,has a serious deﬁciency if a substantial part of the nucleons are forced into deuterons.To demonstrate the problem,let us assume,that p=n=A, and all the nucleons have to be conﬁned into deuterons at the end of the ﬁreball lifetime.This way we model a situation similar to the hadronization of the constituent quark matter.The conservation of baryon number demands that the baryon charge should be preserved during the coalescence process:p+n=2d(2) which leads to the requirementp+n=2c d p n,(3) that implies2A=2c d A2.(4) Baryon number conservation and linear coalescence thus requiresc d=1/A.(5) However,the coalescence coeﬃcient cd can be calculated from the cross section of the p+n→d reaction and the phase-space distribution of protons and neutrons,independently of the total number of these particles,2A.Hence eq.(5)cannot be fullﬁlled in the general case and the assumption of linear coalescence leads to contradiction.What is the logical error in the linear coalescence model which leads to the above,obviously unacceptable result?Essentially this is the lack of a feed-back:those nucleons,who are already bound in a deuteron,cannot be used any further for the formation of new deuterons.Out of A protons and A neutrons,exactly A deuterons can be formed,if a bound state formation happens with unit probability.However,linear coalescence calculation would predict∝A2deuterons,which is way too large,if A>>1.ismd00-zimanyi:submitted to World Scientiﬁc on February1,20082This sort of error in linear coalescence can be corrected by introducing a suitable renormalization factor,b,which takes care of the additional reduction of produced particles due to the lack in the reactivity of the already bound constituents.This leads to reconciliation of the constraints from conservation laws and the proportionality of produced particles with the available number of their constituents.With this re-normalization factor,the coalescence equation eq.(1)is mod-iﬁed,d=c d b p p b n n,(6) and eq.(3)still ensures the conservation of the baryon charge.In the simple case of p=n=A,this determines the normalization factor,b p=b n=b and predicts the of deuterons,d,as follows:1b=p=C p b q b q b q q q q p b q b q qb q b q sΛ=CΛb q b q b s q q sΛb s b q sΞ=CΞb q b s b s q s sΞb s b s s(9)Ω=CΩb s b s b s s s sΩπ=Cπb q b qK=C K b q b sb q sKη=Cηb s s(10) Here the normalization coeﬃcients,b i,are determined uniquely by the requirement,that the number of the constituent quarks do not change during the hadronization—which is the basic assumption for all quark counting methods:s=3Ω+2Ξ+Λ+s=3Ξ+q=3Ξ+2K+π.(11) In eq.(11)πis the number of directly produced pions.(Most of the observed pions are created in the decay of resonances.)Substituting eqs.(9-10)into eq.(11)one obtains equations for the normalization constants.These constants are then given in terms of quark numbers and C i factors.3ALCOR Predictions Compared to Preliminary RHIC Data3.1Parameter independent hyperon ratios for SPS and RHICIn order to arrive at the detailed predictions of the ALCOR model,one has to solve numerically the set of equations eqs.(9-11).The ALCOR predictions for the particle multiplicities(especially for the antihyperon to hyperon ratios), were shown in Refs.5,6for the SPS energy.Later on an interesting observation was pointed out in Ref.8Namely it was shown,that within the framework of the linear coalescence model in the antiparticle/particle ratios the uncertain c i coalescence factors drop out,andismd00-zimanyi:submitted to World Scientiﬁc on February1,20084thus one obtains direct relations between particle ratios.Unfortunately the linear coalescence model contradiscts to the diﬀerent conservation laws.In the later development,however,it was shown in Refs.1,9that even in the charge conserving normalized(non-linear)coalescence model one can obtain parameter independent ratios between particle multiplicities.These relations have the form:Λ=Dp,Ξ=DΛ,Ω=DΞ,(12)whereD=K+s=130AGeV,Λ/Λ=0.73±0.03p/p=0.07±0.01Ξ/Ξ=0.249±0.0193.2Detailed ALCOR predictions for RHICTheﬁrst ALCOR predictions for RHIC were given for Au+Au collision at √s=130A GeV,and the preliminary values for particle ratios were reported by the STAR Collaboration in October2000at the XXXth In-ternational Symposium on Multiparticle Dynamics3as well as at the Quark Matter in January2001.4.These data were similar to the ALCOR predictions for particle ratios at√s.We utilize the capability of the ALCOR model to work in a reasonably small rapidity bin(∆y≈1) where all the available quarks and antiquarks are able to interact to form the measured mesons and baryons.The calculation of hadron multiplicities in the ALCOR model is based on the number of quarks and antiquarks in the rapidity interval under study.These quark and antiquark numbers consist of the u d,ss /(N ud)=0.22)and baryon production(αeﬀ=0.85)determined at CERN SPS energy,7then we are very close to make a full calculation of all hadronic ratios.The only missing information is the number of stopped nucleons in this rapidity region. (In previous calculations at CERN SPS energy we have not used this infor-mation,because total hadron numbers were calculated including all stopped nucleons.)Choosing197newly produced u d pairs(this means86 ss=130AGeV in the central rapidity as displayed in Table1.Investigating particle production in the central rapidity we repeat our calculation for Pb+Pb collision also at CERN SPS energy.The central rapidity density of the negatively charged hadrons was measured by NA49 Collaboration:12d N h−/d y=195±15.(18) In the ALCOR calculation we use121newly produced u d pairs(this means53sp−/p+0.630.61±0.06STAR[4]Ξ+/Ξ−0.830.82±0.08STAR[4]K+/K− 1.131.12±0.06STAR[4]K+/π+0.1420.15±0.01STAR[13]K∗+/h−0.0770.065STAR[4]√Table1.Hadron production in Au+Au collision atp/p=0.07,Ξ/Ξ=0.230ands=130AGeV Au+Au reactions at RHIC decays to a quark matter kind of state,where constituent quark and antiquark degrees of freedom are dominant.This quark-antiquark matter undergoes a sudden hadronization similarly to that at CERN SPS.The success of the coalescence model to describe the experimental data at RHIC and SPS strongly supports the validity of the basic assumption behind the ALCOR model:before the hadronization,the basic degrees of freedom of the expandingﬁreball are massive(constituent)quarks and antiquarks.These elements of the deconﬁned phase coalesce intoﬁnal state hadrons in a sudden process.ismd00-zimanyi:submitted to World Scientiﬁc on February1,20087AcknowledgmentsThis research has been supported by the two Bolyai Fellowships of the Hun-garian Academy of Sciences(T.Cs.and L.P.),by the Hungarian OTKA grants T024094,T025579,T026435,T034269,by the US-Hungarian Joint Fund MAKA652/1998and by the NWO-OTKA grant N025186.ismd00-zimanyi:submitted to World Scientiﬁc on February1,20088References1.J.Zim´a nyi,Nucl.Phys.A661(1999)224.2.P.L´e vai and U.Heinz,Phys.Rev.C57(1998)1879.3.W.Christie for the STAR Collaboration,Proceedings of XXXthISMD’2000,Tihany,Hungary,World Scientiﬁc,Singapore,2001,Eds.T.Cs¨o rg˝o,S.Hegyi and W.Kittel.4.J.Harris talk at Quark Matter’2001,to be published in Nucl.Phys.A(2001).See also /qm2001/.5.T.S.Bir´o,P.L´e vai,and J.Zim´a nyi,Phys.Lett.B347(1995)6.6.T.S.Bir´o,P.L´e vai,and J.Zim´a nyi,J.Phys.G23(1997)1941.7.T.S.Bir´o,P.L´e vai,and J.Zim´a nyi,Phys.Rev.C59(1999)1574.8.A.Bialas,Phys.Lett.B442(1998)449.9.J.Zim´a nyi,T.S.Bir´o,and P.L´e vai,hep-ph/9904501,J.Zim´a nyi,T.S.Bir´o,T.Cs¨o rg˝o,and P.L´e vai,Phys.Lett.B472(2000) 243.10.M.Kaneta et al.,NA44coll.J.Phys.G23(1997)1865.11.R.Caliandro et al.,WA97coll.J.Phys.G25(1999)171.12.S.V.Afanesiev et al.(NA49Coll.)Nucl.Phys.A610(1996)188.13.N.Xu talk at Quark Matter’2001,to be published in Nucl.Phys.A(2001).See also /qm2001/.14.G.David for the PHENIX Collaboration,Proceedings of XXXthISMD’2000,Tihany,Hungary,World Scientiﬁc,Singapore,2001,Eds.T.Cs¨o rg˝o,S.Hegyi and W.Kittel.15.P.L´e vai et al.,Proceedings of XXXth ISMD’2000,Tihany,Hungary,World Scientiﬁc,Singapore,2001,Eds.T.Cs¨o rg˝o,S.Hegyi and W.Kittel.16.T.Cs¨o rg˝o,Proceedings Torino2000,hep-ph/0011339,Nucl.Phys. B.Proc.Suppl.in press.ismd00-zimanyi:submitted to World Scientiﬁc on February1,20089。