高中英语必修1第二单元重点词汇讲解

1. include和contain有什么区别？
include表示一个整体由几个部分组成，侧重包括者只是整体的一部分。

例如：The bill includes tax and service．
contain指一个整体包括的内容，侧重“内有”的意思。

例如：Try to avoid foods whic h contain a lot fat．
一般考试是不考contain的，考include的情况比较多。

例如，Everyone went there including me.
或者 Everyone” went there me included.
1）including 介词
Everyone here has a book including myself.
2）included
Everyone laughed, me included
用include或contain的适当形式填空：
（1）It's a book ________ 26 separate stories.
（2）At least 80 persons were injured,________ 5 policemen.
（3）They will send you the book for $2．75,postage（邮资）________.
答案：（1）containing。

“一本有26个故事的书”，include接部分，contain可接全部，“26个故事”是全部。

（2）including （3）included。

“邮资”在“include”之前，postage与include是被动关系。

2. by the end of 与at the end of
by the end of意思是到什么末为止
at the end of意思是在什么末
The school is situated at the end of the street．
该校位于这条街的尽头。

We'll have an exam in English at the end of January．
一月底我们要参加英语考试。

They were at the end of their patience．
他们忍无可忍。

He is at the end of his wits．
他智穷才尽，束手无策。

We are to complete the task by the end of the year．
年底之前我们必须完成此项任务。

by the end of+表示过去的时间。

用于过去完成时
（e。

g：By the end of last term，we have leant 3000 words。

）
come up with是什么意思
1）赶上（catch up）
---He came up with other students in the class.他赶上了班上的其他学生。

2）生产（produce）
---come up with 3000 automobiles a month 一个月生产3000辆汽车。

3）提出、提供意见
---He came up with a better answer to this problem.他提出了关于这个问题更好的答案。

come up (从土中）长出，发芽 put up 建造；支起，搭起；张贴，公布；讲行（抵抗）；提供；提价；接待，为...提供食宿
for example，such as，like 的区别
for example一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中、句末；
such as常列举同类人或物中的几个例子，不能穷尽，可和and so on连用，可分开使用such．．．as．．．；如果全部列举要用namely(一意义为：即，就是，换句话说) ；
like表示列举，可和such as互换。

例如：
1．Noise，for example，is a kind of pollution．举例说明，噪音就是一种污染。

2．China has many big cities，such as Beijing，Shanghai，Shenzhen and so on．＝China has many such big cities as Beijing，Shanghai，Shenzhen and so on．中国有许多大城市，比如北京、上海、深圳等等。

3．Some warm-blooded animals，like the cat，the dog or the wolf do not need to hiber- nate．有些热血动物，像猫、狗、狼不需要冬眠。

4.The railroad connects two cities, namely, New York and Chicago.
这铁路联接两个城市, 即纽约和芝加哥。