冠心病英文版
冠心病英文版
冠心病英文版Coronary Heart Disease: A Silent EpidemicIntroductionCoronary heart disease (CHD), also known as ischemic heart disease, is a leading cause of death globally, responsible for millions of lives lost each year. While it is a serious and life-threatening condition, understanding its causes, symptoms, and preventive measures can help individuals take control of their health and reduce their risk of developing this silent epidemic.1. A Silent EpidemicCHD is characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, preventing adequate blood flow to the heart muscle. This reduction in blood supply can lead to chest pain, commonly known as angina, or even heart attacks, which can be fatal. What makes CHD particularly frightening is that it often develops silently, without obvious warning signs, until a major cardiovascular event occurs.2. Causes and Risk FactorsMultiple factors contribute to the development of CHD. Unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, tobacco use, and excessive alcohol consumption, increase the risk of developing CHD. Additionally, certain medical conditions, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, and obesity, can significantly increase the likelihood of developing this disease.3. Recognizing the SymptomsAlthough CHD can often manifest without any symptoms, being knowledgeable about its potential warning signs can save lives. Common symptoms of CHD include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, and dizziness. It is crucial to seek medical attention if any of these symptoms occur, as early intervention can greatly improve outcomes.4. Diagnosis and TreatmentTo diagnose CHD, medical professionals may perform various tests, including stress tests, cardiac catheterization, and coronary angiography. These diagnostic tools help assess the severity and location of blockages within the coronary arteries. Treatment options for CHD depend on the severity of the disease and individual patient factors. They may range from lifestyle modifications and medications to surgical interventions, such as angioplasty or bypass surgery.5. Prevention: The Key to a Healthy HeartPreventing CHD is not only possible but also crucial for maintaining a healthy heart. Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle plays a significant role in minimizing the risk of developing CHD. Regular physical activity, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, smoking cessation, moderation in alcohol consumption, and stress management are all important in preventing and managing CHD.6. The Role of Education and AwarenessRaising awareness about CHD is essential in combating this silent epidemic. Education campaigns, both in schools and within communities, can help individuals understand the risks and take proactive steps to protect their heart health. Governments, healthcare providers, and organizations should collaborate to provide accessible and accurate information about CHD and promote education on healthy living.ConclusionCoronary heart disease continues to be a global health challenge, affecting individuals of all ages and backgrounds. Understanding its causes, recognizing the symptoms, and taking preventive measures can significantly reduce the burden of this silent epidemic. By prioritizing heart health, adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, and promoting education and awareness, we can pave the way towards a healthier future without the shadow of CHD looming over our lives.。
冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病 病情说明指导书
冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病病情说明指导书一、冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病概述冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（coronary atherosclerotic heart disease）是指冠状动脉发生粥样硬化引起管腔狭窄或闭塞，导致心肌缺血缺氧或坏死的常见的心血管系统疾病，简称冠心病（coronary heart disease，CHD），也称缺血性心脏病。
部分患者可无明显症状，有症状常表现为胸痛（心绞痛）、心悸、呼吸急促等，常由体力劳动、情绪激动、饱食、寒冷、吸烟等诱发。
病情严重者还可出现心力衰竭、严重心律失常、休克、血栓栓塞等，甚至造成心脏结构破坏，发生心源性猝死，严重威胁患者的健康和生命。
英文名称：coronary atherosclerotic heart disease；coronary heart disease，CHD其它名称：无相关中医疾病：暂无资料。
ICD 疾病编码：暂无编码。
疾病分类：暂无资料。
是否纳入医保：部分药物、耗材、诊治项目在医保报销范围，具体报销比例请咨询当地医院医保中心。
遗传性：可能会遗传发病部位：心脏常见症状：胸痛（心绞痛）、心悸、呼吸急促主要病因：冠状动脉粥样硬化检查项目：血压测量、心电图、血清心肌标志物检查、BNP 或 NT-pro-BNP 检查、超声心动图、冠状动脉血管成像（CTA）、放射性核素检查、冠脉造影（CAG）、X 线、心脏负荷试验重要提醒：冠心病患者要遵医嘱积极治疗，养成健康的生活习惯，建议随身携带硝酸甘油、速效救心丸等急救治疗药物。
临床分类：1、根据病理解剖和病理生理变化分类1979年世界卫生组织曾将之分为五型：（1）隐匿型或无症状性冠心病：无症状，但在静息、动态或负荷心电图下显示心肌缺血改变，或放射性核素心肌显像提示心肌灌注不足，无组织形态改变。
（2）心绞痛：发作性胸骨后疼痛，由一过性心肌供血不足引起。
（3）心肌梗死：缺血症状严重，为冠状动脉闭塞导致心肌急性缺血坏死。
(完整版)常用医学英文缩写
常用医学英文缩写g——克，mg——毫克，ug——微克，ml——毫升，u——单位，qd——1日1次，bid——1日2次，tid——1日3次没，qid——1日4次，qod——隔日1次，qw——每周1次，biw——两周1次，qn——每晚睡前1次，q2h——每2小时1次，q8h——每8小时1次，2～3次/d——每日2～3次。
皮下——皮下注射，肌肉——肌肉注射，静注——静脉注射，静滴——静脉滴注（即输液、打吊针、打点滴）。
ac意思是饭前服用，pc是饭后服用，qd是每日1次，qu是每晚1次，bid是每日2次，tid是每日3次，qid是每日4次，AC：饭前（处方）PC：饭后AM ：上午PM：下午BIN：一夜两次（处方）TID：一日三次QD：每日一次QID：每日四次BID：一日两次（处方）CeLL: 细胞ICU：危重病人监护病区CCU：冠心病监护室IV ：静脉滴注IH：皮下注射IM：肌肉注射AOAW：主动脉前壁（超声心动图）医院常用英文缩写用语CRE：肌酐LDH：乳酸脱氢酶APO-A：载脂蛋白A APO-B：载脂蛋白BCHO(TC)：总胆固醇TG：甘油三脂HDL：高密度脂蛋白LDL：低密度脂蛋白LDL/HDL：比值Fe：铁K；钾NA：钠CL：氯CA：钙MG：镁P：无机磷IG-G：免疫球蛋白G IG-A：免疫球蛋白AIG-M：免疫球蛋白M C3：补体3C4：补体4 AMY：淀粉酶Fbg：纤维蛋白原CRP：血清C-反应蛋白GLTT：葡萄糖耐量试验PBS：餐后2小时血糖血清及免疫学检验RF：类风湿因子ASO：抗链球菌溶血素“O”LTT：淋巴细胞转化试验USR：不加热血清反应素RPR：快速血浆反应素HBsAg：乙肝病毒表面抗原Anti-HBs:抗乙肝病毒表面抗体HBeAg：乙肝病毒e抗原Anti-HBe:抗乙肝病毒e抗体HBcAg：乙肝病毒核心抗原Anti-HBc抗乙肝病毒核心抗体HAAg：甲型肝炎抗原HBV：乙型肝炎病毒HCV-RNA：丙肝病毒Anti-HCV：抗丙肝病毒抗体HDV-RNA：丁肝病毒Anti-HDV：抗丁肝病毒抗体Anti-ANA：抗核抗体Anti-HEV：抗戊肝病毒抗体SS-A：干燥综合症抗原A SS-B：干燥综合症抗原B抗RNP：抗核糖核蛋白抗体抗-AS：抗精子抗体抗-EM：抗子宫内膜抗体PSA：前列腺特异抗原Tb-DNA：结核杆菌-DNA Anti-Tb：抗结核杆菌抗体HP-DNA：幽门螺杆菌-DNA 抗-HP：抗幽门螺杆菌抗体UU-DNA：解脲支原体-DNA 抗-UU：抗解脲支原体抗体MH-DNA：人型支原体-DNA 抗-MH：抗人型支原体抗体Ct-DNA：沙眼衣原体-DNA抗- Ct：抗沙眼衣原体抗体HIV：免疫缺陷病毒（艾滋病）抗HIV：抗艾滋病抗体医院常用英文缩写用语TP-DNA：梅毒螺旋体-DNA 抗-TP：抗梅毒螺旋体抗体NG-DNA：淋球菌-DNA 抗-NG：抗淋球菌抗体BV：细菌性阴道病快速诊断抗-Mg：抗生殖支原体抗体MP-DNA：肺炎支原体-DNA 抗-MP:抗肺炎支原体抗体GAD-Ab：抗谷氨酸脱氢酶抗体抗-CON:抗肺炎衣原体抗体HSS- Ab：抗肝细胞刺激因子抗体抗-INS：抗胰岛素抗体溶血性疾病的检验DLT：冷溶血试验HHT：热溶血试验POX：过氧化酶染色PSA：糖元染色内分泌测定PRL：催乳素HGH：生长激素FSH：促卵泡激素E2：雌二醇E3：雌三醇P：孕酮Ts：睾酮VMA：尿苦杏仁酸核医学检验AFP：甲胎蛋白CEA：癌胚抗原HCG：人绒毛膜促性腺激素TSH：促甲状腺激素FT3：游离甲状腺三碘原氨酸FT4：游离甲状腺素TGAB：抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体TMAB：微粒体抗体C-P：血清C肽测定INS：胰岛素血气及酸碱分析TO2：总含氧量PH：酸碱度PCO2：二氧化碳分压AB、SB：实际碱量和标准碱量BE：剩余碱T-CO2：总二氧化碳PO2：氧分压SO2：血氧饱和度A-aDO2：肺泡-动脉氧分压差影像医学检查CT：X线数字化断层扫描MRI：核磁共振影像系统TD：数字胃肠照影检查ERCP：逆行胰胆管造影Ang:血管造影术EST：胆总管下扩约肌切开术PTC：经皮肝穿刺胆管造影术PTCA：经皮冠状动脉成形术一般日常用语WTO：世界卫生组织QOD：隔日一次（处方）Ait hor :每两小时一次（处方）QN :每两晚一次（处方）PO: 口服R：处方ST：即刻血液一般检验：RBC：红细胞计数HGB：血红蛋白测定WBC：白细胞计数PLT：血小板计数N：中性粒细胞MCV：平均红细胞体积L：淋巴细胞MPV：平均血小板体积M：单核细胞SEC：点彩红细胞计数EOS：嗜酸性粒细胞直接计数ESR：红细胞沉降率HCT：红细胞压积Ret: 网织红细胞计数体液一般检验GLU：尿糖BIL：胆红质定性KET：酮体SG：比重PH：酸度PRO；尿蛋白URO：尿胆原定性NIT：盐类结晶BLO：尿中红细胞LEU：尿中白细胞BJP：本-周氏蛋白Mb：肌红蛋白尿粪便与寄生虫检验OB：隐血试验WBC：白细胞RBC：红细胞出凝血疾病的检验BT：出血时间CT：凝血时间PT：凝血酶原时间Fbg：血浆纤维蛋原始白定量血液生化检验AST：谷草转氨酶ALT：谷丙转氨酶TBIL：总胆红素DBIL：直接胆红素IBIL：间接胆红素TP ：总蛋白ALB：血清白蛋白GLOB：球蛋白A/G ：血清白蛋白/球蛋白比值AKP：碱性磷酸酶GGT：r-谷氨酰转肽酶GLU：血清葡萄糖UA：尿酸BU：尿素。
冠心病入院病历书写模板范文
冠心病入院病历书写模板范文英文回答：Medical Record Template for Coronary Heart Disease Admission.Patient Information:Name: [Patient's Name]Age: [Patient's Age]Gender: [Patient's Gender]Date of Admission: [Date]Chief Complaint:The patient presented with chest pain and shortness of breath upon exertion.History of Present Illness:The patient had been experiencing chest pain for the past week, which was initially intermittent but gradually became more frequent and severe. The pain was described as a squeezing sensation in the chest, radiating to the left arm. The patient also reported shortness of breath during physical activity. There were no associated symptoms of nausea, vomiting, or diaphoresis. The patient sought medical attention due to the persistence and worsening of symptoms.Past Medical History:The patient has a past medical history of hypertension and dyslipidemia. There is no history of diabetes mellitus or chronic kidney disease. The patient has been on antihypertensive medication for the past 5 years and has been following a low-fat diet to manage dyslipidemia.Family History:There is a family history of coronary artery disease, with the patient's father having suffered a myocardial infarction at the age of 60.Social History:The patient is a non-smoker and denies any alcohol or illicit drug use. The patient leads a sedentary lifestyle and does not engage in regular physical exercise.Physical Examination:On examination, the patient appeared anxious and in mild distress. Vital signs were stable, with a blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg, heart rate of 85 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation of 98% on room air. Cardiovascular examination revealed regular heart sounds with no murmurs, rubs, or gallops. Lung examination was clear, and there were no signs of peripheral edema.Investigations:Electrocardiogram (ECG): Showed ST-segment depressionin leads II, III, and aVF.Cardiac enzymes: Elevated troponin levels.Echocardiogram: Demonstrated normal left ventricular function with no regional wall motion abnormalities.Diagnosis:The patient was diagnosed with unstable angina based on the clinical presentation, ECG findings, and elevated cardiac enzymes.Treatment:The patient was started on dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel, in addition to a beta-blocker and a statin. Nitroglycerin was administered sublingually for symptom relief.Prognosis and Plan:The patient's prognosis is favorable with appropriate medical management and lifestyle modifications. The patient will be counseled on the importance of adhering to medications, adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and quitting smoking (if applicable). Follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor the patient's progress and adjust treatment as necessary.中文回答：冠心病入院病历书写模板范文。
（完整版）常用医学英文缩写
（完整版）常用医学英文缩写常用医学英文缩写g ----- 克，mg ----- 毫克，ug ------ 微克，ml ------ 毫升，u——单位，qd——1日1次，bid——1日2次，tid ----- 1日3次没，qid ----- 1日4次，qod ------- 隔日1次，qw ----- 每周1次，biw ----- 两周1次，qn ------ 每晚睡前1次，q2h -------- 每2小时1次，q8h 每8小时1次，2?3次/d ——每日2?3次。
皮下——皮下注射，肌肉——肌肉注射，静注——静脉注射，静滴——静脉滴注（即输液、打吊针、打点滴）。
ac意思是饭前服用，pc是饭后服用，qd是每日1次，qu是每晚1次，bid是每日2次，tid是每日3次，qid是每日4次，AC:饭前（处方）PC 饭后AM :上午BIN: —夜两次（处方）QD:每日一次BID: —日两次（处方）ICU:危重病人监护病区IV ：静脉滴注IM :肌肉注射PM:下午TID: —日三次QID:每日四次CeLL: 细胞CCU冠心病监护室IH:皮下注射主动脉前壁（超声心动图）医院常用英文缩写用语CRE肌酐APO-A 载脂蛋白A CHO（TC）总胆固醇HDL 高密度脂蛋白LDL/HDL 比值K；钾CL 氯MG 镁IG-G 免疫球蛋白G IG-M 免疫球蛋白MC4 补体4Fbg 纤维蛋白原GLTT 葡萄糖耐量试验LDH 乳酸脱氢酶APO-B 载脂蛋白BTG 甘油三脂LDL 低密度脂蛋白Fe 铁NA 钠CA 钙P 无机磷IG-A 免疫球蛋白AC3 补体3AMY 淀粉酶CRP血清G反应蛋白PBS 餐后2 小时血糖血清及免疫学检验RF 类风湿因子LTT 淋巴细胞转化试验RPR 快速血浆反应素ASO 抗链球菌溶血素“ O”USR 不加热血清反应素HBsAg乙肝病毒表面抗原HBeAg乙肝病毒e抗原HBcAg乙肝病毒核心抗原HAAg 甲型肝炎抗原HCV-RNA 丙肝病毒HDV-RNA 丁肝病毒Anti-ANA 抗核抗体SS-A 干燥综合症抗原A 抗RNP 抗核糖核蛋白抗体抗-EM :抗子宫内膜抗体Tb-DNA:结核杆菌-DNA HP-DNA:幽门螺杆菌-DNA UU-DNA:解脲支原体-DNA MH-DNA:人型支原体-DNAAn ti-HBs抗乙肝病毒表面抗体Anti-HBe抗乙肝病毒e抗体An ti-HBc抗乙肝病毒核心抗体HBV乙型肝炎病毒Anti-HCV抗丙肝病毒抗体Anti-HDV:抗丁肝病毒抗体An ti-HEV抗戊肝病毒抗体SS-B 干燥综合症抗原B抗-AS:抗精子抗体PSA 前列腺特异抗原Anti-Tb 抗结核杆菌抗体抗-HP:抗幽门螺杆菌抗体抗-UU :抗解脲支原体抗体抗-MH :抗人型支原体抗体Ct-DNA 沙眼衣原体-DNA 抗- Ct 抗沙眼衣原体抗体HIV 免疫缺陷病毒（艾滋病）抗HIV 抗艾滋病抗体医院常用英文缩写用语TP-DNA 梅毒螺旋体-DNA NG-DNA 淋球菌-DNABV 细菌性阴道病快速诊断MP-DNA 肺炎支原体-DNA GAD-Ab 抗谷氨酸脱氢酶抗体抗-TP:抗梅毒螺旋体抗体抗-NG:抗淋球菌抗体抗-Mg :抗生殖支原体抗体抗-MP:抗肺炎支原体抗体抗-CON抗肺炎衣原体抗体HSS- Ab 抗肝细胞刺激因子抗体溶血性疾病的检验DLT 冷溶血试验POX 过氧化酶染色内分泌测定PRL 催乳素FSH 促卵泡激素E3 雌三醇Ts 睾酮核医学检验AFP 甲胎蛋白HCG 人绒毛膜促性腺激素FT3 游离甲状腺三碘原氨酸TGAB 抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体GP :血清C肽测定抗-INS:抗胰岛素抗体HHT 热溶血试验PSA 糖元染色HGH 生长激素E2 雌二醇P 孕酮VMA 尿苦杏仁酸CEA 癌胚抗原TSH 促甲状腺激素FT4 游离甲状腺素TMAB 微粒体抗体INS 胰岛素血液一般检验RBC红细胞计数HGB 血红蛋白测定WB C 白细胞计数PLT 血小板计数N中性粒细胞MCV 平均红细胞体积L淋巴细胞MPV 平均血小板体积M单核细胞SEC 点彩红细胞计数E0S嗜酸性粒细胞直接计数ESR 红细胞沉降率HCT红细胞压积Ret: 网织红细胞计数体液一般检验GLU尿糖BIL 胆红质定性KET酮体SG 比重PH酸度PRO尿蛋白UR0尿胆原定性NIT:盐类结晶BL0尿中红细胞LEU尿中白细胞BJP本- 周氏蛋白Mb 肌红蛋白尿粪便与寄生虫检验0B 隐血试验WBC 白细胞出凝血疾病的检验BT 出血时间RBC 红细胞CT 凝血时间血气及酸碱分析T02:总含氧量PC02二氧化碳分压BE:剩余碱P02 氧分压A-aD02 肺泡-动脉氧分压差影像医学检查CT X 线数字化断层扫描TD 数字胃肠照影检查Ang:血管造影术PTC 经皮肝穿刺胆管造影术PTCA 经皮冠状动脉成形术一般日常用语WT0 世界卫生组织Q0D 隔日一次（处方）QN :每两晚一次（处方）R 处方PH 酸碱度AB、SB 实际碱量和标准碱量T-C02 总二氧化碳S02 血氧饱和度MRI 核磁共振影像系统ERCP 逆行胰胆管造影EST 胆总管下扩约肌切开术Ait hor : 每两小时一次（处方）P0: 口服ST 即刻血液生化检验 AST 谷草转氨酶TBIL 总胆红素IBIL 间接胆红素ALB 血清白蛋白A/G 血清白蛋白 /球蛋白比值 GGT: r-谷氨酰转肽酶UA 尿酸PT :凝血酶原时间 Fbg ：血浆纤维蛋原始白定量 ALT 谷丙转氨酶DBIL 直接胆红素 TP 总蛋白 GLOB 球蛋白 AKP 碱性磷酸酶 GLU 血清葡萄糖 BU 尿素。
冠心病科普知识
冠心病科普知识1. 你了解心脏吗？我们都知道，心脏是人体的「发动机」，它不停的跳动为血液流动提供动力，将氧气、营养物质和激素等运送到组织，并带走代谢废物，从而保证机体正常的新陈代谢。
心脏在给其他脏器供血的同时，自己也需要大量能量和氧分来保证工作，事实上，心肌细胞摄取氧量高达血液氧含量的65%-75%。
给心脏供血的血管在其顶部环绕近一周，像是一顶王冠，因此称为冠状动脉，简称冠脉。
冠脉沿心脏表面分布，发出多个分支深入心肌进行供血，如果心脏血供得不到保证，心肌细胞就会受到损伤甚至坏死，冠心病就来了。
2．什么是「冠心病」？冠心病是由冠状动脉病变引起的心脏疾病。
冠状动脉正常情况下有很强的代偿能力，可随心脏活动量变化调整心脏供血。
活动量大时，冠脉扩张，血流量可以增加6-7 倍。
冠脉管腔内可能出现脂质和坏死组织构成的斑块，斑块突向管腔，使得管腔变得狭窄甚至完全闭塞，或者冠脉畸形、冠脉炎症、冠脉痉挛等可导致管腔狭窄，心肌供血也就随之减少。
当管腔狭窄程度超过50%-75% 的时候，机体在激动、劳累等情况下无法代偿就会出现以胸痛为主要表现的各种临床症状，这就是冠心病。
3. 冠心病有多可怕？冠心病严重威胁人类健康。
据WHO 的统计，目前冠心病仍是全球最常见的死亡原因，其致死的人数超过所有肿瘤死亡人数的总和。
冠心病好发于35 岁以上的人群，在发达国家，其年死亡数可占中老年总死亡数的1/3。
冠心病男性发病率高于女性，女性发病年龄要晚于男性。
我国冠心病发病率总体低于欧美国家，但近年来快速上升，总体上北方省市发病率要高于南方，城市人口发病率高于农村。
4．冠心病一般有哪些症状？许多冠状动脉出现病变的病患，特别是女性，没有什么明显症状，因此容易被忽略，延误病情。
不过下述症状的出现提示你可能患有冠心病，包括：（1）疼痛，特别是胸骨中上段后方的疼痛，就感觉像被人往胸口重重地打了一拳，疼痛可能逐渐加剧甚至让你喘不过气来。
这种疼痛还能放射到上臂（特别是左上臂）、肩部、背部、脖子、下巴、牙齿或上腹部等部位。
体外循环英文版
基本设备Basic equipment
1, 人工心（血泵）artificial heart (blood pump) 2,人工肺（氧合器）artificial lung (oxygenator) 3, 温度交换器temperature exchanger 4,滤器filter 5,管道和插管tubes or cannulas
In this way, cardiopulmonary bypass can provide the desired bloodless, motionless operative field and still supply all the other organs of the body with oxygen and nutrient-rich blood.
小结：
Summary for CPB: 1,目的purpose: A, 提供无血安静的手术野to provide a bloodless,
motionless field for heart surgery; B, 在心肺停止工作期间保持机体有良好的血液灌注
rest of body perfused while heart and lung stopped 2,方法methods: A, 把静脉血引出体外drain out venous blood B, 通过人工肺进行氧合oxygenated by artificial lung C, 含氧血通过人工心再灌注回机体oxygen-rich blood
cannulation; 4) 建立体外循环connect patient to cardiopulmonary
bypass machine—the bypass system
冠心病感染门诊病历书写模板范文
冠心病感染门诊病历书写模板范文英文回答：Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a common cardiovascular condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. CHD can lead to various symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue. In severe cases, it can result in a heart attack or heart failure.The medical history of a patient with CHD typically includes information about their risk factors, symptoms,and diagnostic tests. Risk factors for CHD include age, gender, family history, smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. These factors increase the likelihood of developing CHD and should be carefully assessed and managed.In terms of symptoms, patients with CHD may experienceangina, which is a type of chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough blood and oxygen. Angina can be triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress and typically subsides with rest or medication. Other symptoms of CHD may include shortness of breath, fatigue, palpitations, and dizziness.To diagnose CHD, various tests can be performed. These include electrocardiogram (ECG), stress tests, echocardiogram, coronary angiography, and blood tests. ECGis a non-invasive test that records the electrical activity of the heart and can help identify abnormal heart rhythms. Stress tests involve exercising on a treadmill or using medication to simulate the effects of exercise on the heart. Echocardiogram uses ultrasound waves to produce images of the heart and can evaluate its structure and function. Coronary angiography is an invasive procedure that involves injecting a contrast dye into the coronary arteries to visualize any blockages or narrowing. Blood tests can measure cholesterol levels, blood sugar levels, and other markers of heart health.Treatment for CHD aims to relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and improve overall heart health. Lifestyle modifications, such as quitting smoking, adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and managing stress, are crucial in managing CHD. Medications like beta-blockers, statins, and antiplatelet drugs may be prescribed to control blood pressure, lower cholesterol levels, and prevent blood clots. In some cases, surgical interventions like angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow to the heart.中文回答：冠心病是一种常见的心血管疾病，全球有数百万人受其影响。
ICU英文版
What is ICU?
An intensive care unit (ICU), also known as an intensive therapy unit or intensive treatment unit (ITU) or critical care unit(CCU),is a special department of a hospital or health care facility that provides intensive care medicine. An intensive care unit (ICU) is a specially staffed and equipped hospital ward dedicated to the management of patients with lifethreatening illnesses,injuries or complications.
Florence Nightingale在克里米亚战争期间，就把可望救 活的重伤员安置在最靠近护士站的地方，以加强巡视 和及时ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ治，并主张把术后的患者安置在近手术室的 小房间内，度过恢复期后再送回病房。
❖ Although this was not the case, her experiences during the war formed the foundation for her later discovery of the importance of sanitary conditions in hospitals, a critical component of intensive care.
冠心病英文单词
冠心病英文单词Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a condition thataffects millions of people worldwide, making it one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. CHD occurs when the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque. This plaque, composed mainly of fat, calcium, and other substances, forms over time as a result of various risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, and high blood pressure.The symptoms of CHD can vary from person to person, but common signs include chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, fatigue, and nausea. In severe cases, CHD can lead to a heart attack, which is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.Diagnosis of CHD typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and coronary angiography. These tests help doctors assess the severity of the disease and determine the best course of treatment.Treatment for CHD may include lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation, healthy eating, and regular exercise. Medications may also be prescribed to control blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and other risk factors. In severe cases, surgical procedures such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting may be necessary to restore blood flow to the heart.Preventing CHD is crucial, as it can significantly reduce the risk of developing the disease. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise, a balanced diet, and avoidance of smoking are key preventive measures. Regular screenings for high blood pressure, diabetes, and other chronic conditions can also help identify and manage these risk factors early.In conclusion, coronary heart disease is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and management. Understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for maintaining heart health and preventing further complications. By taking proactive measures to prevent CHD and seeking prompt medicalattention when necessary, individuals can significantlyreduce their risk of developing this potentially life-threatening disease.**冠心病：认识与管理**冠心病是全球范围内影响数百万人健康的疾病之一，是导致发病率和死亡率上升的主要原因之一。
冠心病作文范文英文
冠心病作文范文英文英文：Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a condition where the blood vessels that supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients become narrowed or blocked. This can lead tochest pain, shortness of breath, and even a heart attack.I was diagnosed with CHD a few years ago. At first, I didn't think much of it. I was young and relatively healthy. But as time went on, I started to notice more and more symptoms. I would get chest pain when I exercised, and sometimes even when I was just sitting still. I would feel short of breath, and sometimes even dizzy.I knew I needed to do something about it, so I started making some changes to my lifestyle. I started eating a healthier diet, exercising more regularly, and taking medication as prescribed by my doctor. It wasn't easy, butI knew it was necessary if I wanted to avoid a heart attack.I also started to educate myself more about CHD. I learned about the risk factors, such as smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. I made sure to avoid these as much as possible, and I encouraged my friends and family to do the same.Living with CHD isn't easy, but it's manageable. By taking care of myself and being proactive about my health, I've been able to keep my symptoms under control and avoid any major complications.中文：冠心病是一种血管供应心肌氧气和营养的血管变窄或堵塞的疾病。
冠心病病例模板范文
冠心病病例模板范文英文回答：Coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), is a common cardiovascular condition that occurs when the blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients become narrowed or blocked. This can lead to a variety of symptoms such as chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and even heart attacks.There are several risk factors associated with CHD, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a family history of the disease. These risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing CHD and can also worsen its progression.In terms of prevention and management, lifestyle modifications play a crucial role. This includes regular exercise, maintaining a healthy diet, quitting smoking, and managing stress. Medications may also be prescribed tocontrol blood pressure, lower cholesterol levels, and manage other underlying conditions. In some cases, surgical interventions such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may be necessary to restore blood flow to the heart.It is important to note that CHD is a chronic condition that requires long-term management. Regular check-ups with healthcare professionals, adherence to prescribed medications, and ongoing lifestyle modifications are essential for effectively managing the disease and reducing the risk of complications.中文回答：冠心病，也被称为冠状动脉疾病，是一种常见的心血管疾病，当供应心脏氧气和营养的血管变窄或堵塞时，就会发生这种疾病。
胰岛素抵抗、糖尿病与冠心病(英文)
Mortality per 1000 person-years*
35 29.9
30
25
20
19.2
23.0
Diabetes No Diabetes
15
11.5
10
6.3
5
11.0
7.1 3.6
0
Men
Women
Men
Women
All heart disease Ischemic heart disease
Putative Mechanism for Increased Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes
BLACK BOX
Dyslipidemia Hypertension Hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance Hemostatic abnormalities Hyperglycemia AGE proteins Oxidative stress
20
10
Microvascular Endpoints
0
110
120 130
140
150 160
170
Updated Mean Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)
Fasting Glucose
2-Hour Post Glucose Load
Diabetes Mellitus
>7.0 (>126)
>11.1 (>200)
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
>7.8 (>140) to <11.1 (<200)
Impaired Fasting Glucose
护理病历英文版
中英文护理病历患者姓名：陈东林性别：男年龄：82岁主诉：因“反复发作，胸闷10余年，加重半月”入院现病史：患者于2003年出现胸痛、胸闷，在同济医院就诊断为“冠心病不稳定型心绞痛陈旧型心肌梗塞”，并行支架植入术治疗，术后症状明显缓解。
近半月来出现胸痛、胸闷，持续约20-30分钟，服用发放丹参滴丸有时效果不佳，服用速效救心丸症状可缓解，活动时可诱发，无夜间渐发性呼吸困难，轻咳嗽，少量白色泡沫痰。
有时感到头昏，无发热盗汗。
门诊以“冠心病、心绞痛”收入院。
患者发病以来精神差，体力下降，睡眠可，饮食差，二便如常。
既往史：高血压病20年，冠心病10年，肝囊肿，左肾结石，前列腺增生，否认肝炎、结核或其它传染病史，按国家计划进行接种，喹诺酮类过敏史，否认外伤史，1988年脑脂肪手术。
查体：体温36.4℃，心率62次/分，呼吸18次/分，血压140/80mmHg，其它无特殊。
专科检查：血压140/80mmHg，神志清楚，心率62次/分，心音正常，心律齐，其他无特殊。
个人史：无特殊婚姻史：已婚初步诊断：1、冠心病心绞痛支架术后心功能不全2级2、高血压病3级极高危组3、前列腺增生护理评估：1、病史(1)患病及治疗经过1）患病经过：患者于2000年出现胸痛、胸闷，近半月来出现胸痛胸闷，持续约20-30分钟，活动时可诱发，无夜间渐发性呼吸困难，轻咳嗽，少量白色泡沫痰。
有时感到头昏，无发热盗汗。
2）诊治经过：在同济医院被诊断为“冠心病不稳定型心绞痛陈旧型心肌梗塞”，并行支架植入术治疗，术后症状明显缓解。
近半月来出现胸痛、胸闷，持续约20-30分钟，服用发放丹参滴丸有时效果不佳，服用速效救心丸症状可缓解。
3）目前状况：患者发病以来精神差，体力下降，睡眠可，饮食差，二便如常。
4）相关病史：高血压病20年，冠心病10年2、心理社会资料患者对疾病的性质、过程、预后及防治知识有一定程度的了解，但是了解不全面。
患者住院期间无焦虑、恐惧、抑郁、悲观等心理反应。
冠心病的英文作文
冠心病的英文作文英文：Coronary heart disease, also known as ischemic heart disease, is a common cardiovascular disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It is caused by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. This can lead to chest pain, shortness of breath, and even heart attack.There are many risk factors for coronary heart disease, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and lack of physical activity.It is important to manage these risk factors throughlifestyle changes and medication to prevent or delay the onset of coronary heart disease.One of the most effective lifestyle changes for preventing coronary heart disease is regular exercise. Exercise helps to improve cardiovascular health, lowerblood pressure and cholesterol levels, and maintain a healthy weight. Eating a healthy diet, quitting smoking, and reducing stress are also important for preventing coronary heart disease.If you have already been diagnosed with coronary heart disease, it is important to follow your doctor's recommendations for treatment and management. This may include medication, lifestyle changes, and possibly surgery or other procedures to improve blood flow to the heart.In summary, coronary heart disease is a serious condition that can have a significant impact on your health and quality of life. By managing your risk factors and making healthy lifestyle choices, you can reduce your risk of developing this condition and improve your overall health and wellbeing.中文：冠心病，又称缺血性心脏病，是一种常见的心血管疾病，影响着全球数百万人。
冠心病外科治疗英文
of the diseased artery. The increased blood flow reduces angina pectoris and the risk of heart attack.
In 2003,the prevalence rate of CAD is 4.6‰ In 2004,the mortality rate of CAD is
46.27/100thousand . This rate is lower than the rate in 2000 New trend: the patients are become more and
more younger, from 1984~1998,the mortality rate of young mankind has largely risen, the extent reach to 154%
data is come from The Chinese Cardiovascular Disease report 2005
Conventional CABG 〔international recognition〕
1 one artery graft
(left internal mammary artery
or left subclavian artery)
2 others are vein Grafts (great saphenous
Treatment (continued)
1) Stenting • a stent is introduced into a blood vessel on a balloon
冠心病英文标准版资料
Diagnosis
•electrocardiogram (ECG) 心电图 “treadmill test〞 “跑台实验〞
•a thallium scintigram 铊显像 •Stress Echocardiography 负荷超声心动图 •a coronary angiogram 冠状动脉造影
aspirin 阿司匹林 nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油
nause
Beta blockers β受体阻断剂 radiation of pain
Typical locations：
nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油 Calcium channel blockers 钙离子通道阻断剂 vasodilators 血管扩张剂
nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油
• chest discomfort •specific anti-angina medication arms (often inner left arm), shoulders, and neck into the jaw radiation of pain •a full stomach radiation of pain Precipitating factors nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油 myocardial anoxia •a thallium scintigram 铊显像 •a coronary angiogram 冠状动脉造影
Calcium channel blockers 钙离子通道阻断剂 Calcium channel blockers 钙离子通道阻断剂 sweating • chest discomfort myocardial anoxia arms (often inner left arm), shoulders, and neck into the jaw nause • autonomic symptoms myocardial anoxia •specific anti-angina medication •sedentary lifestyle nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油
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Fatty steak formation
Lipoprotein oxidation
Nonenzymatic glycation
Leukocyte recruitment Foam cell formation
Atheroma evolution and complications
Atheroma evolution: fibrous plaque
1. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors（statins） Atorvastatin,Fluvastatin,Lovastatin,Pravastatin,Simv astatin,Cerivastatin, Rosuvastatin：
*elevation of aminopherase, rhabdomyolysis
Atherosclerosis
•leading cause of death and disability
•Common location:
Coronary circulation: Proximal left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD)
Proximal portion of renal arteries
Prevention of CAD
• • • • • A: aspirin,ACEI B: blood pressure, β-blocker, C: cigarette smoking, Cholesterol D: diet, diabetes E: exercise, education
Atherosclerosis
Risk factors and prevention
•Drug therapy： anti-platelet： aspirin, clopidogrel, GPIIb/IIIa inhitibor, Dipyridamole, cilostazol Lipid-lowering
Lipid-lowering drugs
Intravascular ultrasound
Classicification of atherosclerotic lesion using IVUS
Atherosclerosis
Clinicl stages and classification
Absence of symptom or stage of delitescence ischemia necrosis(target organ ) fibrosis
RR 1.9 for male, 3.3 for female more diffuse lesion. CAD equivalent
75-80% cause of death in adult DM are vascular diseases: CAD, cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral vascular disease
Risk factors and prevention
5. Cigarette smoking：more thrombogenic 6. Family history：genetic factor 7. Aging：>40yrs adults ，4/5 fatal myocardial infarction occured in patiens > 65 yrs 8. Male gender/ postmenopausal state： male:female = 2：1, man develop CHD 10-15 yrs earlier than woman 9. alcohol 10. Others: diet,homocysteine, hemostatic factors inflammation/infection
Atherosclerosis
Pathology and pathophysiology Fatty steak Fibrous plaque
Complicated lesion
Initiation of Atherosclerosis
Fatty steak formation
Initiation of Atherosclerosis
diabetics n = 1059 45% P < 0.001
19%
20%
OMI
No history of MI*
OMI
* These patients had no history of myocardial infarction Haffner SM, et al. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:229–234.
Extracranial circulation to the brain
Carotid bifurcation
Coronary heart disease
atherosclerosis
Coronary stenosis coronary spasm
Myocardial ischemia, anoxaemia
Vascular remodeling: compensatory enlargement
Atheroma evolution and complications
Atheroma evolution: Involvement of arterial smooth-muscle cells Blood coagulation microvessels
Coronary heart disease, CHD Ischemic heart disease
•Atherosclerosis •Stable angina pectoris(SAP)
•Acute coronary syndrome
Unstable angina(UAP) and non-STEMI
Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults ATP III (adult treatment panel III)
Atherosclerosis & Coronary heart diseases
Zhengzhou University, First affiliated Hospital Dept. of Cardiology Haiyu Li, M.D.
Cardiovascular Diseases
Atherosclerosis
2. Bile acid-binding Resins cholestyramine，colestipol 3. Nicotinic Acid： 4. Fibric acid derivatives（fibrates） Gemifibrozil, clofibrate, Fenofibrate 5. Cholesterol absorption inhibitors: ezetimibe 6. Probucol
Peripheral artery atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
laboratory examination Lack of sensitive and specific methods for early diagnosis Dyslipidemia： X-ray：DSA show severity of stenosis Doppler ultrasound: blood flow radionuclide： detection of ischemia Echocardiogram： CHD ECG and stress test: CHD New techniques: intravascular ultrasound, angioscope CT, MRI
(UA/NSTEMI)
ST elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)
Three fundamental biological processes of atherosclerosis
1. Accumulation of intimal cells: • smooth muscle cells • Macrophages • T-lymphocytes 2. Proliferated connective tissue matrix : • collagen • elastic fibers • proteoglycans 3. Accumulation of lipid: • cholesterol esters • free cholesterol
3.Hypertension： 4.DM,Metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance syndrome:
BP, BMI ,TG, serum insulin HDL-c
Risk factors and prevention
Diabetes mellitus(DM):
Atherosclerosis
clinical manifestation
General manifestation Aortic atherosclerosis
Coronary artery atherosclerosis
Cerebral atherosclerosis
Mesenteric atherosclerosis
Atheroma evolution and complications
炎症 细胞