Blake And Wordsworth
英国文学期末复习题目
I. Each of the following below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bet complete the statement.1. The long poem ______ in Anglo-Saxon period was termed England’s national epic.A. The Canterbury TalesB. Paradise LostC. The Song of BeowulfD. The Fairy Queen2. Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is the popular literary form in ______.A. RomanticismB. RenaissanceC. medieval periodD. Anglo-Saxon period3. Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of____.A. Piers PlowmanB. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. Confessio AmantisD. The Canterbury Tales4. _______ is regarded as the father of English poetry.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpenserC. John MiltonD. W. Wordsworth5. It is _____ alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Martin LutherC. William ShakespeareD. John Gower6. One of Chaucer’s main contributions to English poetry is ______.A. he introduced the rhymed stanzas from France to English poetryB. he created striking brilliant panorama of his time and his countryC. he wrote in blank verseD. he was the first to write sonnet7. During the Renaissance, _______ was the first one to introduce the sonnet into English poetry.A. ChaucerB. John DonneC. Thomas WyattD. Earl of Surrey8. During the Renaissance, _______ wrote the first English blank verse.A. ChaucerB. Edmund SpencerC. Thomas WyattD. Earl of Surrey9. Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaissance Movement？A. The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman cultureB. The new discoveries in geography and astrologyC. The Glorious revolutionD. The religious reformation and the economic expansion10. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events. Which one of the following is NOT such an event?A. The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.B. England’s domestic restC. New discovery in geography and astrology.D. The religious reformation and the economic expansion.11. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between ______ and ______ centuries.A. 14th...mid-17thB. 14th...mid-18thC. 16th...mid-18thD. 16th...mid-17th12. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is_______.A. scienceB. philosophyC. artsD. humanism13. _______ frequently applied conceits in his poems.A. Edmund SpenserB. John DonneC. William BlakeD. Thomas Gray14. _______ is known as “the poet’s poet”.A. William ShakespeareB. Christopher MarloweC. Edmund SpenserD. John Donne15. Romance，which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of____ adventures or other heroic deeds，is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. ChristianB. knightlyC. pilgrimsD. primitive16. ________ and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanism.A. Edmund Spenser, Christopher MarloweB. Thomas More, Christopher MarloweC. John Donne, Edmund SpenserD. John Milton, Thomas More17. Among the following plays which is not written by Christopher Marlowe?A. Dr. FaustusB. The Jew of MaltaC. TamburlaineD. The School for Scandal18. Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are _______.A. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and MacbethB. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Romeo and JulietC. Hamlet, Coriolanus, King Lear and MacbethD. Hamlet, Julius caesar, Othel lo and Macbeth19. The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” is the line of one of Shakespeare’s ________.A. comediesB. tragediesC. historiesD. sonnets20. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” (Shakespeare, Sonnets 18) What does “this” refer to?A. LoverB. TimeC. SummerD. Poetry21. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18？A. The speaker eulogizes the power of NatureB. The speaker satirizes human vanityC. The speaker praises the power of artistic creationD. The speaker meditates on man’s salvation22. “Bassani Antonio，I am married to a wife Which is as dear to me as life itself；But life itself，my wife，and all the world，Are not with me esteem’d above thy life；I would lose all，ay，sacrifice them all，Here to the devil，to deliver you. Portia：Your wife would give you little thanks for that，ff she were by to hear you make the offer.” The above is a quotation taken from Shakespeare’s comedy The Merchant of Venice. The quoted part can be regarded as a good example to illustrateA. dramatic ironyB. personificationC. allegoryD. symbolism23. “The Fairy Queen” is the masterpiece written by____.A. John MiltonB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. Edmund SpenserD. Alexander Pope24. Which of the following work did Bacon NOT write?A. Advancement of LearningB. Novum OrganumC. De AugmentisD. Areopagitica25. The greatest of pioneers of English drama in Renaissance is _______, one of whose drama is “Doctor Faustus”.A. William ShakespeareB. Christopher MarloweC. Oscar WildeD. R. Brinsley Sheridan26. “Euphues” was written by ________, the style of the novel was called “Euphuism”.A. John BunyanB. John LylyC. John DonneD. John Milton27. The most famous dramatist in the 18th century is ______, who is famous for “The School for Scandal”.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. Thomas GrayC. R. Brinsley SheridanD. G.eorge Bernard Shaw28. The most distinguished literary figure of the 17th century was ______, who was a critic, poet, and playwright.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. John DrydenC. John MiltonD. T. G. Coleridge29. The representative of the “Metaphysical” poetry is ______, whose poems are famous for his use of fantastic metaphors and extravagant hyperboles.A. John DonneB. John MiltonC. William BlakeD. Robert Burns30. Which of the following has / have associations with John Donne’s poetry?A. reason and sentimentB. conceits and witsC. the euphuismD. writing in the rhymed couplet31. _____ is the successful religious allegory in the English language.A. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. The Canterbury TalesC. Paradise LostD. Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded32. The 18th century England is known as the ______ in the history.A. RenaissanceB. ClassicismC. EnlightenmentD. Romanticism33. Of all the eighteenth-century novelists, who was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specially a “comic epic in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its s tructure and style?A. Thomas GrayB. Richard Brinsley SheridanC. Johathan SwiftD. Henry Fielding34. Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as “_______________”, for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.A. Best writer of the English novelB. The father of English novelC. The most gifted writer of the English novelD. conventional writer of English novel35. Among the pioneers of the 18th century novelists were Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry fielding and _______.A. Laurence SterneB. John DrydenC. Charles DickensD. Alexander Pope36. John Milton’s masterpiece—Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of _____.A. rhymed stanzasB. blank verseC. alliterationD. sonnets37. Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out____，both in theory and practice，to write specifically a “ ______ in prose,” the first to giv e the modern novel its structure and style. (Refer to 19)A. tragic epicB. comic epicC. romanceD. lyric epic38. Besides Sheridan, another great playwright in the 18th century is ______.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. Thomas GrayC. T. G. SmolletD. Laurence Sterne39. She Stoops to Conquer was written by _____.A. Oliver GoldsmithB. R. Brinsley SheridanC. John DrydenD. George Bernard Shaw40. The middle of the 18th century was predominated by a newly rising literary form, that is the modern English ______, which gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people.A. proseB. short storyC. novelD. tragicomedy41. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are _____.A. horses that are endowed with reasonB. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC. giants that are superior in wisdomD. hairy，wild，low and despicable creatures，who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways42. The unquenchable spirit of Robinson Crusoe struggling to maintain a substantial existence ona lonely island reflects ____.A. man’s desire to return to natureB. the author’s criticism of the colonizationC. the ideal of the rising bourgeoisieD. the aristocrats’ disillusionment of the harsh social reality43. Gothic novels are mostly stories of_____, which take place in some haunted or dilapidated Middle Age castles.A. love and marriageB. sea adventuresC. mystery and horrorD. saints and martyrs44. “The father of English novel” is __________.A. Henry FieldingB. Daniel DefoeC. Jonathan SwiftD. John Donne45. The greatest Scottish poet in the pre-romanticism is ________.A. William WordsworthB. Oliver GoldsmithC. Thomas GrayD. Robert Burns46. _______ is written by William Blake, a great poet in the pre-romanticism.A. The Songs of InnocenceB. Reliques of Ancient English poetryC. Songs and SonnetsD. Kubla Khan47. The Rights of Man, a pamphlet, was written by ______, in which he advocated that politics was the business of the whole mass of common people and not only of a government oligarchy.A. John MiltonB. Jonathan SwiftC. Robert BurnsD. Thomas Paine48. William Wordsworth，a romantic poet，advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.A. the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD. the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech49. Which of the following is taken from John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn”？A. “I fall upon the tho rns of life！I bleed！”B. “They are both gone up to the church to pray.”C. “Earth has not anything to show more fair.”D. “Beauty is truth，truth beauty.”50. “If Winter comes，can Spring be far behind.” is an epigrammatic line by___.A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley51. “Ode on a Grecian Urn” shows the contrast between the______ of art and the____ of human passion.A. glory，uglinessB. permanence, transienceC. transience，sordidnessD. glory，permanence52. One of the great essay writers of the early 19th century is ______.A. Jane AustenB. Charles LambC. Walter ScottD. George Eliot53. Tales form Shakespeare was written by _____.A. Charles LambB. William HazlittC. Charles Lamb and Mary LambD. Wordsworth and Coleridge54. Charles Dickens’ works are characterized by a mingling of _______ and pathos.A. humorB. satireC. passionD. metaphor55. In Chapter III of Oliver Twist, Oliver is punished for that “impious and profane offence of asking for more”. What did Oliver ask for more?A. More time to playB. More food to eatC. More books to readD. More money to spend56. In ____ ’s hands, “dramatic monologue” reaches its maturity and perfection.A. Alfred TennysonB. Robert BrowningC. William ShakespeareD. George Eliot57. The success of Jane Eyre is not only because of its sharp criticism of the existing society, but also due to its introduction to the English novel the first ______ heroine.A. explorerB. peasantC. workerD. governess58. The three trilogies of _____ ’s Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.A. John GalswortryB. Arnold BennettC. James JoyceD. H. G. Wells59. The Victorian Age was largely an age of________ eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A. poetryB. dramaC. novelD. prose60. The title of Alfred Tennyson’s poem “Ulysses” reminds the reader of the following EXCEPT_________.A. the Trojan WarB. Homer’s OdysseyC. adventures over the seaD. religious quest61. The work ____ written by Alfred Tennyson was about the question of higher education of women.A. Crossing the BarB. The PrincessC. Break, Break, BreakD. Ulysses62. The bard of imperialism was ____, who glorified the colonial expansion of Great Britain in his works.A. R. L. StevensonB. Rudyard KiplingC. H. G. WellsD. Daniel Defoe63. The Dynasts was a gigantic epic drama written by ______.A. George Bernard ShawB. Thomas HardyC. Oscar WildeD. John Galsworthy64. The major concern of____ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his character sand in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A. D. H. Lawrence’sB. J. Galsworthy’sC. W. Thackeray’sD. T. Hardy’s65. A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of_______, who never pays any attention to human feelings.A. propertyB. justiceC. moralityD. humor66. _____is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare，and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A. Richard SheridanB. Oliver GoldsmithC. Oscar WildeD. George Bernard Shaw67. “Art for art’s sake” was put forth by ______.A. aestheticismB. naturalismC. realismD. neo-romanticism68. James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT________.A. DublinersB. Jude the ObscureC. A portrait of the Artist as a Young ManD. UlyssesII. Fill in the blanks with correct information1. Angles, ___, and ___ were the Teutonic tribes came from the northern continent.3. The long poem _________ in Anglo-Saxon period was termed England’s national epic.4. Grendel, a monster half-human, appeared in the story of ______.6. The literature of the Anglo-Saxon Period falls into two kinds—___ and ___.7. The 3182-line The Song of Beowulf can be divided into two parts with a(n) _____ between the two and the whole song is essentially ___ in spirit and matter.8. The songs and poems in the Anglo-Saxon period were written in the style of ______ as could be seen from The Song of Beowulf.10. The greatest influence made by the Normans in England is on ___ and ____.11. The most popular literary form in the Anglo-Norman period was _____, in which the central character was _____.12. Sir Gawain and Green Knight employs the form of ____________.13. The story of Sir Gawain and Green Knight is the culmination of the ___________.15. Apart from original poems, Chaucer translated various works of French authors; among them is the famous _______________ and The House of Fame.16. The one who propose the story-telling in The Canterbury Tales is the _____________.17. Geoffrey Chaucer is considered the “________” and is one of the greatest narrative poets of England.18. “The father of English poetry” is ______.20. The pilgrims described in The Canterbury Tales met at _____ in Southwark, a suburb of London.22. Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is written in the style of ______ instead of alliteration in the Anglo-Saxon period.23. A ballad is written in _________stanzas with the second and fourth lines rhymes.24. Most of English ballads were collected in the 18th century and one of the famous ballads is ___.26. The Canterbury Tales opens with a _________ where are told of a group of vivid sketches ofa company of pilgrims that gathered at _________ in Southwark, a suburb of London.29. One of the striking features of Renaissance is the keen interest in the life and activities of human. So the arose _____— which was the keynote of the Renaissance.31. The story of Utopia was written by in two books, in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s sufferings in the first book and put forward his ideal future happy society—_____ in the second book.32. The one who first made blank verse the principal instrument of English drama is _________33. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama is _______.34. The difference of Earl of Surrey’s contribution to English poetry from that of Thomas Wyatt lies in that Surrey wrote the first English _________ while Thomas Wyatt was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.35. English Renaissance period was an age of _________and _________.38. The title “poet’s poet” is given to Edmund Spencer.39. _________ wrote The Faerie Queene.41. The greatest epic poem of the 16th century was _____ written by ______.45. William Shakespeare is a poet, playwright and an actor.49. The Renaissance, which began in the _________century in Italy, was a great cultural and ideological movement that swept the whole of Europe. All in all, the chief characteristic of the Renaissance literature is the expression of secular values with men instead of God as the center of the universe.50. Francis Bacon was praised by Marx as “the progenitor of English Materialism”.51. William Shakespeare produced _________ plays, two _____, and 154 sonnets.52. Sonnet is a poem of 14 lines Iambic pentameter. It mainly has two types and the Shakespearean has three quatrains plus _________—often rhymed as _________.53 Shakespeare’s main tragedies were written during the second period of gloom and depression which dated from 1601 to 1608. His main tragedies are: “_________”, “_________”, “_________”, and “_________”. All of these plays show the struggle and conflicts between good and evil of the time, between justice and injustice.55. John Milton wrote his masterpieces _________, _________, and _________ after blindness.56. Paradise Lost presents the author’s views in the form of _____ and _____ and the poetic style of ____ and presents the exposure of reactionary forces of his time and passionate appeal for _____.57. In Paradise Lost, _________ tempts Eve to eat an apple from the forbidden tree.60. _________ is a character in Paradise Lost with a strong desire for freedom.61. _________Poetry is characterized by fantastic metaphors and extravagant hyperboles.62. “Conceit” is a term applied in particular to the _________.65. The Pilgrims Progress is the masterpiece of _____, written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of ____ and ____, in which the main character is ____.66. The Revolution period produced one of the most important poets in English literature, whose name is _________and an important prose wrier, _________.68. In The Pilgrims Progress, Christian makes his way to the Holy city with two objects: ____ and ___.72. John Dryden, critic, poet, and playwright, was the most distinguished literary figure in the Restoration.73. The Enlightenment was a progressive _________ movement, which first began in France and had a wide impact throughout Europe in the 18th century.74. People in the 18th century believed in reason.76. Jonathan Swift wrote the famous story _________ and the famous pamphlet “A Modest Proposal” on Ireland in the style of satire.86. Daniel Defoe’s famous navel was ________.87. The main literary stream of the 18th century was _________.92. In the last adventure, Gulliver came to a country where horses were possessed of reason while Yahoos were brute beasts.88. _________was considered as the “father of English novel”.89. _________ found its representative writers in the field of poetry, such as Thomas Gray, but it manifested itself chiefly in the novels of Laurence Sterne and Oliver Goldsmith.90. The appearance and development of sentimentalism marked the midway in the transition from classicism to its opposite, _________.95. Among his other contributions to the theory and practice of prosody, _____ made popular the so-called heroic couplets.97. Thomas Gray wrote the famous poem _________, which was considered “the best known poem in the English language”.100. In the 18th century English literature, the representative poets of Pre-romanticism were William Blake and _________.103. “The poet of the peasants” is a title given to the great est Scottish poet _________.105. Robert Burns is famous for his poetry written in _________ dialect.111. The watchwords of the French Revolution are _________, ______, and________.112. The English Romanticism began with the publication of The Lyrical Ballads which was written in collaboration by _________and _________.113. Romanticism extended from 1798 when _________was published and in 1832 when _________ died.116. “The Lake Poets” include Wordsworth, _________ , Southey.120. In the revised version of _________, Wordsworth held that poetry is the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling”.10. William Makepeace Thackeray was another important writer in the 19th century, whose novels mainly contained a satirical portrayal of _______.14. In the novel _________, Dr. Manette is a typical bourgeois intellectual. He sympathizes with the poor and defends the oppressed people, but feels terrified before the fire of revolution.15. The two cities in A Tale of Two Cities written by _________ are London and Paris.18. The main female character in Vanity Fair written by ______ is Rebecca Sharp.19. The title of the novel Vanity Fair was borrowed by ____ from The Pilgrims Progress written by ____.20. The subtitle of Vanity Fair is _______.27. Both Jane Eyre by _____ and Wuthering Heights _____ brought to the novel an introspection and an intense concentration on the inner life of emotion.28. Wuthering Heights deals with a story of love and violence.38. Robert Browning’s style was highly individual and often more intent on meaning than on form.44. The end of the 19th century is a period of struggle between realistic trend and anti-realistic trend in art and literature (, the latter reflected the crisis of bourgeois culture at the period of imperialism).49. The important writer who started as a poet and ended as a poet is _________51. _________believes that man’s fate is predeterminedly tragic, driven by a combined force of “nature”, both inside and outside.52. The writer who figured his hometown—the Wessex country in his works is _____.55. “A Pure Woman(Faithfully Presented)” is the subtitle of the novel ______.III. Give answers to the following questions.1. How do you understand “To be, or not to be”? Give your evidence to support your ideas.2. Why did Hamlet delay in revenging for his father’s death? Give evidence to support your idea.3. What are Chaucer’s contributions to English literature?4. Analyze Shakespeare’s contributions to English literature.5. What is the theme o f “Paradise Lost”?6. What is the image of Satan in Paradise Lost?7. What are the characteristics of metaphysical poetry?8. Give an analysis of the significance of Preface to Lyrical Ballads?9. What does “She” (referring to Lucy) in “She Dwelt Among the Untroden Ways” imply?10. What does “West Wind” mean in Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind?11. Give an analysis of Keats and his works.12. What are Austen’s writing features Jane Austen?13. Why does William Makepeace Thackeray give one of his novels the title Vanity Fair and the subtitle “Novel without a Hero”? Why does William Makepeace Thackeray give one of his novels the title Vanity Fair and the subtitle “ Novel without a Hero”?14. What is your opinion on the character Rebecca Sharp?15. What does the subtitle “A Pure Woman” of the novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles mean?16. Give a brief analysis of the character—Tess.17. What are the major contributions made by the 19th century critical realists?18. What is Paul’s relation with three women in Sons and Lovers?。
2017自学考试《英国文学选读》复习题及答案
2017自学考试《英国文学选读》复习题及答案2017自学考试《英国文学选读》复习题及答案聪明在于勤奋，天才在于积累。
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Choose the best answer for each blank.1. ________, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London about 1340.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC. Francis BaconD. John Dryden2. Chaucer died on the 25th October 1400, and was buried in ________.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey3. The progress in industry at home stimulated the commercial expansion abroad. ________ encouraged exploration and travel, which were compatible with the interest of the English merchants.A. Henry VB. Henry VIIC. Henry VIIID. Queen Elizabeth4. Except being a victory of England over ________, the rout of the fleet “Armada” (Invincible) was also the triumph of the rising young bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism.A. SpainB. FranceC. AmericaD. Norway5. At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist ________ wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s suffering and put forwardhis ideal of a future happy society.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas MarloweC. Francis BaconD. William Shakespear6. Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of Queen ________.A. MaryB. ElizabethC. WilliamD. Victoria7. English Renaissance Period was an age of ________.A. prose and novelB. poetry and dramaC. essays and journalsD. ballads and songs8. From the following, choose the one which is not Francis Bacon’s work: ________.A. The Advancement of LearningB. The New InstrumentC. EssaysD. The New AtlanticsE. Venus and Adonis9. “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?” This is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s ________.A. songsB. playsC. comediesD. sonnets10. The heroines of Shakespeare’s great comedies, ________ are the daughters of the Renaissance, whose images and stories will remain a legacy to readers and audiences of all time.A. PortiaB. RoselandC. ViolaD. Beatrice11. Choose the four great tragedies of Shakespeare from the following ________.A. HamletB. OthelloC. MacbethD. King LearE. Timon of Athens12. Which play is not a comedy? ________A. A Midsummer Night’s DreamB. The Merchant of VeniceC. Twelfth NightD. Romeo and JulietE. As You Like It13. “Denmark is a prison”. In which play does the hero summarise his observation of his world into such a bitter sentence? ________A. Charles IB. OthelloC. Henry VIIID. Hamlet14. The works of ________ and the Authorised Version of the English Bible are the two great treasuries of the English language.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Edmund SpenserC. William ShakespeareD. Ben Johnson15. In which play does the hero show his profound reverence for man through the sentence: “What a piece of wok is a man! How nobel in reason! How finite in faculty!” ________A. Romeo and JulietB. HamletC. OthelloD. The Merchant of Venice16. In 1649, ________ was beheaded. England became a commonwealth.A. James IB. James IIC. Charles ID. Charles II17. The revolution of 1688 meant three of the following things: ________.A. the supremacy of ParliamentB. the beginning of modern EnglandC. the triumph of the principal libertyD. the triumph of the principle of political libertyE. the Restoration of monarchy18. Who of the following were the important metaphysical poets? ________C. John MiltonD. Richard Lovelace19. Which work was NOT written by John Milton? ________A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Volpone20. Paradise Lost is ________.A. John Milton’s masterpieceB. a great epic in 12 booksC. written in blank verseD. about the heroic revol t of Satan against God’s authority21. John Milton is ________.A. a great revolutionary poet of the 17th centuryB. an outstanding political pamphleteerC. a great stylistD. a great master of blank verse22. From the Old Testament, John Milton took his stories of Paradise Lost, i.e. ________.A. the creationB. the rebellion in Heaven of Satan and his fellow-angelsC. their defeat and expulsion from HeavenD. the creation of the death and of adam and EveE. the fallen angels in hell plotting against GodF. Satan’s temptation of EveG. the departure of Adam and Eve from Eden23. The finest thing in Paradise Lost is the description of hell, and ________ is often regarded as the real hero of the poem.A. GodB. SatanC. AdamD. Eve24. Who is the greatest of the Metaphysical school of poetry? ________C. Andrew MarvellD. Henry Vaugham25. ________ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.A. The RenaissanceB. The EnlightenmentC. The Religious ReformationD. The Chartist Movement26. The main literary stream of the 18th century was ________. What the writers described in their works were mainly social realities.A. naturalismB. romanticismC. classicismD. realismE. sentimentalism27. The eighteenth century was the golden age of the English ________. The novel of this period spoke the truth about life with an uncompromising courage.A. dramaB. poetryC. essayD. novel28. In 1704, Jonathan Swift published two works together, ________ and ________, which made him well-known as a satirist.A. A Tale of a TubB. Bickerstaff AlmanacC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. A Modest Proposal29. “Proper words in proper places, makes the true definition of a style.” This sentence is said by ________, one of the greatest masters of English prose.A. Alexander PopeB. Henry FieldingC. Daniel DefoeD. Jonathan Swift30. As a journalist, ________ had learned how to make his reporting vivid and credible by a skillful use of circumstantial detail. This power to make his characters alive and his stories credible is an inimitable gift.A. Joseph AddisonB. Daniel DefoeC. Samuel RicharsonD. Tobias Smollett31. Which of the following are NOT written by William Blake? ________A. Poetical SketchesB. Songs of InnocenceC. Songs of ExperienceD. Auld Lang SyneE. The Marriage of Heaven and HellF. ProphecisG. Visions of the Daughters of Albion and America, a Prophecy32. In the 18th century English literature, the representative poets of pre-romanticism were ________.A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. Robert BurnsD. Jonathan Swift33. The Romantic Age begab with the publication of The Lyrical Ballads which was written by ________.A. William WordsworthB. Samuel JohnsonC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Wordsworth and Coleridge34. The Romantic Age came to an end with the death of the last well-known romantic writer ________.A. Jane AustenB. Walter ScottC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. William Wordsworth35. The glory of the Romantic Age lies in the poetry of ________.A. William WordsworthB. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC. George Gordon ByronD. Percy Bysshe ShelleyE. John Keats。
英国文学试题及答案2
I、Multiple Choice. (40%)There are 15 questions in this part. Choose A,B,C, or D on your answer sheet.A 1. Beowulf is a ___ poem, describing an all-round picture of the tribalsociety.A. paganB. ChristainC. romanticD. lyricB 2.The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, acomprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created awhole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely___.A. William Langland’s Piers the PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC. John Gower’s Confessio AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC 3. In “ Sonnet 18 ” ，Shakespeare has a profound meditation on the destructivepower of __C___ and the eternal __________ brought forth by poetry to the one he loves .A. death/ lifeB. time / beautyC. death/ loveD. hate / loveC. 4. Which of the following poetic forms is the principle form of Shakespeare’sdrama?A. lyricB. sonnetC. blank verseD. quatrainC 5. Which of the following statements best illustrate the theme of Shakespeare’sSonnet 18?A. The speaker eulogizes the power of nature.B. The speaker satirizes human vanity.C. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D. The speaker meditates on man’s salvation.A 6. Which of the following place does Gulliver visit first in Gulliver’s Travels?A. LilliputB. BrobdingnagC. LaputaD. HouyhnhnmsB 7. Which of the following is NOT true about Robinson Crusoe?A.It is written in the autobiographical form.B.It is a record of Defoe’s own experiences.C.Robinson spends 28 years of isolated life on the island.D.It is set in the middle of the 17th century.B.8.Many of Burn s’ songs deal with friendship.____ has long become a universalparting-song of all the English speaking countries.A. A Red, Red RoseB. Auld Lang SyneC. My Heart’s in the HighlandsD. John Anderson, My JoA 9.The Tiger was written by___.A. William BlakeB. John KeatsC. William WordsworthD. Percy ShelleyB 10.“One short sleep past, we wake eternally” is taken from___A. The Solitary ReaperB. Death be not proudC. To AutumnD. Song to the Man of EnglandA 11. _____ is not a famous translator in the English Renaissance.A. Thomas NorthB. Thomas WyattC. George ChapmanD. John FlorioC 12. _____is considered to be the summit of Shakespeare’s art.A.Romeo and JulietB. The Comedy of ErrorsC. HamletD. The TempestC 13. ____ poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyricsand the later sacred verses.A.John MiltonB. John BunyanC. John DonneD. John DrydenD 14. The main literary stream of the 18th century was ____ .What the writers described in their works were mainly social realities.A. romanticismB. classicismC. realismD. SentimentalismD 15. Which of the following works are not written by Oliver Goldsmith? ____.A. The TravellerB. The Deserted VillageC. The Vicar of WakefieldD. The School for ScandalA 16.In the 18th century English literature ，the representative writer ofneo-classicism is _A___ .A. PopeB. SwiftC. DefoeD. MiltonB 17.The __B_ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout westernEurope in the 18th century .A. RenaissanceB. EnlightenmentC. Religious ReformationD. Chartist MovementB18. Blake ，Wordsworth ，__B__ ，Byron ，Shelley and _________ are the major Romantic poets .A. Coleridage / SoutheyB. Coleridge / KeatsC. Keats / ScottD. Scott / ColeridgeB 19. The Canterbury Tales was written in_____A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Modern EnglishD. Current Modern EnglishA 20. “The father of English poetry” is _____.A. Geoffrey ChaocerB. Edmund SpenserC. Francis Bacon D Henry FieldingII. Fill in the Blanks in the following summary statement 得分according to what you have learnt of British history and literature. (20%)1. Chaucer employed the_ Heroic _couplet in writing his greatest work TheCanterbury tales.2.Shakespeare’s plays have been traditionally divided into four categoriesaccording to dramatic type: histories, _ comedies _, tragedies and romances.3. A Shakespearean sonnet is composed of three quatrains and a concluding_couplet .4.John Donne is the founder of the school of_ metaphysical poetry _. His worksare characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.5. John Milton’s Paradise Lost opens with the description of a meeting among thefallen angels, and ends with the departure of Adam and _Eve _from theGarden of Eden.6.Othello,__ Hamlet _ , Kinglear, and Macbeth are the four greatest tragedies ofWilliam Shakespeare.7. Literature can be divided into poetry, fiction/novel and_ Drama ______.8. Joseph Addison and Richard Steele jointly created _ The Spectator __.9. _ Odes __are generally regarded as Keats ’ most important and mature works.10. The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe is written by _ Daniel Defoe .III. Explain the following literary terms in your own words. (10%)1．Ballad: A narrative poem, often of folk origin and intended to be sung.2．Tragedy : A literary work in which the protagonist meets an unhappy or disastrous end.3．Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually written in iambic pentameter.4．Sentimentalism: A sentimental expression or idea.5． Lyric: A short poem of songlike quality.四. Short Answers Read the materials first ， and then answer the questionsaccording to the requirements .Remember you should write your answers correctly ，completely and briefly (20%)“Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep, moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.”Questions:1） What kind of rhetorical devices does the sentence used?Analogy (类比)2） Please translate this sentence.读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善变。
欧洲文化入门2
《欧洲文化入门》复习题（二）I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfmished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D ] are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Who were considered as people by the ancient Athens?A. Women citizensB. AdultsC. Adult male citizensD. Foreigners and children2. Which of the following is true about Dialogues?A. Dialogues was a book written by Socrates.B. Dialogues was a record of life of Plato.C. Dialogues was a record of Socrates written by Plato.D. Dialogues was a record of Socrates's sayings by his followers.3. The great deed that David performed was ____.A. he took the Hebrews back to CanaanB. he killed Goliath, the philistine giantC. he went to the top of the mountain in Sinai to receive message from (~dD. none of the above4. In the early clays of Christianity, it was a religion of _____.A. the richB. the poorC. the ruling classD. all people5. Which of the following statements about knighthood is not true?A. A nobleman was born a knight.B. Knighthood had to be earned.C. One had to be trained in order to become a knight.D. After being dubbed a knight, he had to observe the Code of Chivalry.6. The Inquisition was ______A. a church court set up to try hereticsB. an organization for church investigationC. a court in many kingdomsD. the decision - making body of the church7. Art to Michelangelo was a means by which._____.A. he expressed his opposition to the despotic ruleB. he made inquiry into the realityC. he expressed his vision of manD. B and C8. Counter- Reformation means that the Roman Catholic Church _____.A. suppressed the Reformation movement by forceB. refused to accept any reformC. re - established itself as a dynamic force in European affairs by introducing reforms and improvementsD. ganged up with the Spanish monarchy to set up the Inquisition9. Kepler's contribution to astronomy isA. his discovery of the law of inertiaB. his discovery of the Ptolemaic systemC. his discovery of the three laws of planetary motionD. none of the above10. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke stated that .__A. all our knowledge sprang from experienceB. knowledge was powerC. every man was enemy to every manD. the world was made up of simple, active substances11. The symbolic event of the French Revolution in 1789 was _____.A. the issuance of the Declaration of IndependenceB. the founding of the First RepublicC. the seizure of the BastilleD. the publication of The Spirit of the Laws12. V oltaire was noted for his_____.A. witB. satireC. passionD. A and B13. In Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argued that________.A. knowledge is the joint product of both sense and reasonB. creation is never complete; it is ever going onC. virtue can be sustained without religious beliefD. man's greatest ills are not natural but are made by man himself14. The Lyrical Ballads was written by _________.A. ShelleyB. Wordsworth and ColeridgeC. Blake and KeatsD. Byran and Shelley15. The line "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" comes from_________.A. WordsworthB. ByronC. KeatsD. BlakeI6. The contribution of ancient Greeks to world civilization is _________ A. Athenian democracy B. The Olympic GamesC. The epics of HomerD. All of the above17. Which of the following is true about Herodotus?A. He is called " Father of History".B. He wrote about the wars between "Athens 'and Sparta.C. He contributed greatly to lragic3art.D. He used clever parody in his writing.18. Genesis of the Old Testament tells about __________A. the fall of manB. the creation of the worldC. Noah g ArkD. all of the above.19. The leader of the slave uprising in 73 B. C. was _________A. NeroB. MosesC. SpartacusD. Abraham20. The great contribution of St. Jerome was __________A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above21. The main classes under feudalism in Western Europe were __A. monks, lords and townspeopleB. clergy, knights and peasantsC. knights, peasants and townspeopleD. clergy, lords and peasants22. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote Beowulf.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian.D. Dante was a great political thinker.23. John Wycliffe was twice condemned as a heretic because of __________A. his teaching philosophy at OxfordB. his vigorous attack on orthodox church doctrinesC. his clerical associations and activitiesD. A&C24. Scientists in the 17'h century, such as Galileo and Newton, attached great importance to ________A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning25. The method that Francis Bacon introduced in inquiry was _________.A. practical B, deductive reasoningC. inductionD. experiment26. The characteristic of Dutch art in the early 17'8 century was ________.A. that it was still mainly religious paintingsB. that it recorded the familiar scenes and everyday life of the timeC. that it was mainly portraits of noble familiesD. that the theme was mainly court life27. Who was the first one to put forward the doctrine of separation of powers?A. LockeB. HobbesC. V oltaireD. Montesquieu28. Diderot is best known as ________.A. the author of Persian LettersB. the author Of the Origin of Human InequalityC. the editor of the EncyclopedicD. the author of Philosophical Thoughts第二部分非选择题PART TWOII. In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding title or organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.21. Plato [ ] (a) the Society of Jesus22. Dante [ ] (b) Socialism : Utopian and Scientific23. Ignatius [ ] (c) Dialogues24. Bacon [ ] (d) the mazurkas25. Engels [ ] (e) The Counterfeiters26. James Joyce [ ] (f) Faust27. Shelley [ ] (g) the Divine Comedy28. Goethe [ ] (h) the Advancement of Learning29. Chopin [ ] (i) Ulysses30. Andre Gide [ ] (j) Prometheus Unbound21. Euclid [ ] (a) Eugene Onegin22. da Vinci [ ] (b) Ten Commandments23. Galileo [ ] ( c ) the Cantos24. T.S. Eliot [ ] (d) Elements25. Milton [ ] (e) Moll Flanders26. Defoe [ ] (f) Last Supper27. Pushkin [ ] (g) The Waste Land28. Mozart [ ] (h) Paradise Lost29. Moses [ ] (i) The Marriage of Figaro30. Ezra Pound [ ] (j) the Starry MessengerWrite between 100 - 120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.What are the impacts of Greek culture?名词解释：1. PlatoPlato was a very famous philosopher of ancient Greece, pupil of Socrates. Plato built up a comprehensive system of philosophy. He argued that men have knowledge because of the existence of certain general “ideas”, like beauty, truth and goodness. Only these “ideas” are completely real, while the physical world is only relatively real. For this reason, Plato’s philosophy is called Idealism, and Plato was called idealist.2. The PentateuchIn the Old Testament, the oldest and most important are the first five books including Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. These five books are called Torah, or Pentateuch.3. Code of ChivalryIn the Middle Ages of Western Europe, as a knight, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of Chivalry.4. GothicThe Gothic style started in France and quickly spread through all parts of western Europe. It flourished and lasted from the mid-12th century to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 16th. The Gothic was an outgrowth of the Romanesque, but it was given direction by adifferent aesthetic and philosophical spirit and reflected a much more ordered feudal society with full confidence. Gothic cathedrals soared high, their windows, arches and towers reaching heavenward, flinging their passion against the sky. They were decorated with beautiful stained glass windows and sculptures more lifelike than any since ancient Rome.5. CalvinismThe French theologian John Calvin put his theological thoughts in his institutes of the Christian Religion, which was called Calvinism. Calvinism stressed the absolute authority of the God’s will, holding that only those especially elected by God are saved. Its belief was that any form of sinfulness was a likely sign of damnation whereas work could be a sign of salvation. This belief serves so well to help the rising bourgeoisie on its path that many historians have suggested that Calvinism was one of the main courses of the capitalism spirit.6. The English RevolutionThe English Revolution took place in the middle of the 17th century. Among the causes of this revolution were the growth of capitalism, the break-up of serfdom and the Puritan Movement. In 1642, the Civil War broke out between the king and the Parliament. The English bourgeoisie won the victory, Charles I was beheaded. A republic was born and Cromwell became the protector. In 1660, Charles II returned from France and was put on the throne. This was the restoration of the Stuart. In 1688, the English throne was offered to Mary and her husband William, thus the short-lived restoration ended. This event of 1688 bwas called the Glorious Revolution which marked the end of English Bourgeois Revolution of the 17th century.7. Baroque ArtBaroque art, flourished first in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France in south Europe and to the Netherlands and Flander in the North. It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on colour and light. The representatives were Michelangelo Caravaggio, Bernini, Borromini, Velazquez, Rubens, Rembrandt, etc. It referred to architecture of the period with its proliferation of ornament. Later the th em “baroque” was applied to music and paintings. In music, the new art represented a transformation of its elements into a swelling, emotional style.8. The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in France, which attracted widespread support among the ruling and intellectual classes of Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century. It characterizes the efforts by certain European writers to use critical reason to free minds from prejudice, unexamined authority and oppression by Church or State. Therefore the Enlightenment is sometimes called the Age of Reason.9. FaustIt is not only Goethe’s own masterpiece but the greatest work of German literature. It is a tragedy chiefly in verse. It utilizes a broad variety of styles to underscore its theme of total human experience. In Faust, Goethe draws on an immense variety of cultural material –theological, mythological, philosophical, political, economic, scientific, aesthetic, musical, and literary.问答：10. What did the Romans have in common with the Greeks? And what was the chief difference between them?They had a lot in common. Both peoples had traditions rooted in the idea of the citizen-assembly, hostile to servility and to monarchy. Their religions were alike enough for most of their deities to be readily identified -- Greek Zeus with Roman Jupiter, Greek Aphrodite with Roman Venus，and so on -- and their myths to be fused. Their languages worked in similar ways, and were ultimately related, both being members of the Ido-European language family which stretches from Bangladesh to Iceland.There was one big difference. The Romans built up a vast empire; the Greek didn't, except for the brief moment of Alexander's conquests, which soon disintegrated.11. What was the Hebrews major contribution to world civilization?About 1300 B. C., the Hebrews came to settle in Palestine, known as Canaan at that time, and formed small kingdoms. Their history of the Hebrews was handed down orally from one generation to another in the form of folktales and stories, which were recorded later in the Old Testament, which still later became the first part of the Christian Bible. Though a minor tribe in ancient East with a small population, the Hebrews made one of the greatest contributions to the world civilization.12. What are the main elements of humanism? How are these elements reflected in art and literature during the Italian Renaissance?(1) Humanism is the essence of Renaissance. Humanists in Renaissance believed that human beings had rights to pursue pleasure and wealth and they admired the beauty of human body. (2) This ran counter to the medieval ascetical ideal of poverty and stoicism, and shifted man's interest from Christianity into humanity, from religion to philosophy, from heaven to earth, from beauty of God, and the House of God to the beauty of human body in all its senses, feelings, joys and pains.(3) Theoretically, the humanists were religious, but they began to look at the problems of God and Pro vidence with a view to understanding man’s work and man’s earthly happiness.(4) The philosophy of humanism is reflected in the literature and art in Italy and the rest of Europe, to pass down as the beginning of the history of modern man, who, instead of brooding about death and the other world, lives and works for the present and future progress of mankind.(5) Of course, the philosophy of humanism is especially reflected in the literary works of Boccaccio and Petrarch and in the arts of Giotto, Brunelleschi, Donatello, Giorgione, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian, etc.13. What was the significance of the Reformation in European civilization?The significance of the Reformation in European civilization is profound.(1) Before Reformation, Europe was essentially feudal and medieval. It was under the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire. Economically, peasants all over Europe had to pay a good amount of their gains to the Pope. After the Reformation, all those things are different.(2) In educational and cultural matters, the monopoly of the Church was broken.(3) In religion, Protestantism brought into being different forms of Christianity to challenge the absolute rule of the Roman Catholic Church.(4) In language, the dominant position of Latin had to give way to the national languages as a result of various translations of the Bible into the vernacular.(5) In spirit, absolute obedience became out-moded and the spirit of quest and debate was ushered in by the Reformists.(6) Reformation shake the very foundation of the Roman Catholic Church and Europe was to take a new course of development, a scientific revolution was to be under way, and capitalism was to set in with its dynamic economic principles.。
英国文学史英国浪漫主义作家WilliamBlake
Nature comes to the forefront of the poetic imagination.
✓Wordsworth is the closest to nature
✓He conceives nature as “the nurse,/ the guide, /The guardian of my heart, and soul/ Of all my moral being”
Love’s secret
Never seek to tell thy love Love that never told can be; For the gentle wind does move Silently, invisibly.
I told my love, I told my love, I told her all my heart, Trembling, cold, in ghastly fear— Ah, she doth depart.
But most thro’ midnight streets I hear How the youthful Harlot’s curse Blasts the new born Infant’s tear, And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse.
FROM Songs of Innocence INTRODUCTION
Piping down the valleys wild, Piping songs of pleasant glee, On a cloud I saw a child, And he laughing said to me:
To escape from a world that had become excessively rational, materialistic and ugly, the Romantics would turn to other times and places.
London_William_Blake (1) 4
Structure
As the title of the collection suggests, London is presented in a very regular way, much like a song. There is a strict abab rhyme scheme in each of the four stanzas. The four stanzas offer a glimpse of different aspects of the city, almost like snapshots seen by the speaker during his "wander thro'" the streets.
• To express the dissatisfaction to the society, Both Wordsworth and Blake wrote poem about London
The reason of writing this poem
William Blake rejected established religion for various reasons. One of the main ones was the failure of the established Church to help children in London who were forced to work. Blake lived and worked in the capital, so was arguably well placed to write clearly about the conditions people who lived there faced.
[考研类试卷]英语专业（英美文学）模拟试卷5.doc
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[考研类试卷]英语专业（英美⽂学）模拟试卷5.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业（英美⽂学）模拟试卷5⼀、填空题1 Walter Scott made a great contribution to English literature in______.2 Jane Austin's novels centered on _____and______.3 Shelley's famous______was borrowed from the Greek play.4 As a leading Romanticist, Byron's chief contribution is his creation of "______", a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.5 Modern essays originated from Montaigne's______, which were translated into English by Florio and had on extensive influence on English literature.6 The line "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" was held by______.7 The awful shadow of some unseen power, Floats though unseen amongst us, —visiting, This various world with as inconstant wing, As summer winds that creep from flower to flower. This excerpt is selected from______by______.8 John Keats wrote o number of famous odes. In one of them he declared his idea of beauty—beauty is truth and truth is beauty. The title of this famous ode is______.9 The Bonnets are speedily pronounced to be the luckiest family in the world, though only a few weeks before when Lydia had first run away, they had been generally proved to be marked out for misfortune. This quotation is selectedfrom______by______.10 ______'s grave bears the epitaph: "Here lies one whose name writ in water."11 ______, Breaking out of the narrow limits of local color fiction, described the breadth of American experience as no one had ever done before, or since.12 ______is the novel into which Jack London put most of himself.13 Crane's novel______relates the story of a good woman's downfall and destruction in a slum environment.14 Henry James's first novel is______, which failed to make him famous. In 1881, Henry James published his novel______, which is generally considered as his masterpiece.15 The protagonists of Trilogy of Desire,______, is modeled after the Chicago speculator Charles T. Yerkes.16 There was only one female prose writer in the 19th century. This was______.17 Emily Dickinson's poems have no______, hence are always quoted by their first lines.18 ______became Mark Twain's masterpiece, as Hemingway noted "all modern American literature comes".19 Henry James's The Ambassadors, The Golden Bowl and______are representing the summit of his art and he continues his "international theme" in his third writing career.⼆、名词解释20 Lake Poets21 Gothic novel22 Canto23 Ottava Rima24 High comedy25 Naturalism26 Regionalism27 Darwinism28 Local Colorists29 The Age of Realism三、单项选择题30 The declaration that "I know that This World is a World of IMAGINATION & Vision," and that "That Nature of my work is visionary or imaginative" belongs to which of the following poets?（A）George Gordon Byron（B）William Wordsworth（C）William Blake（D）Samuel Taylor Coleridge31 The tone of literature in Songs of Experience by William Blake is______.（A）utter（B）lively（C）plain（D）doleful32 The Romantic Period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as______.（A）the poetic romance（B）the poetic movement（C）the poetic revolution（D）the poetic reformation33 "And where are they? And where art thou, My country? On thy voiceless shore The heroic lay is tuneless now— The heroic bosom beats no more!" These lines are taken from______.（A）Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights（B）F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby（C）George Gordon Byron's Don Juan（D）Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre34 Who wrote the poem Men of England!（A）Shelley.（B）Thomas Gray.（C）Walt Whitman.（D）T. S. Eliot.35 "Place me on Sunium's marbled steep, Where nothing, save the waves and I, May hear our mutual murmurs sweep; There, swan-like, let me sing and die; A land of slaves shall ne'er be mine— Dash down yon cup of Samian wine!" These lines are takenfrom______.（A）Song for the Luddites by George Gordon Byron（B）The Solitary Reaper by William Wordsworth（C）Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard by Thomas Gray（D）The Isles of Greece by George Gordon Byron36 Which of the following comments on the poem Ode to the West Wind is NOT true? （A）The author of the poem is George Gordon Byron.（B）The poem is written in the form of terza rima.（C）The author gathers a wealth of symbolism in this poem.（D）In the poem, the author expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality.37 In terms of Pride and Prejudice, which of the following statements is NOT true?（A）Pride and Prejudice is the most popular of Jane Austen's novels.（B）Pride and Prejudice is originally drafted as "First Impressions".（C）Pride and Prejudice is a tragic novel.（D）Pride and Prejudice is about marriage and love.38 Of the following writers, which is NOT the representative of the Romantic Period?（A）William Blake.（B）John Keats.（C）William Wordsworth.（D）John Bunyan.39 ______by William Blake marks his entry into maturity.（A）Songs of Innocence（B）Marriage of Heaven and Hell（C）Songs of Experience（D）Milton40 William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT______（A）the use of everyday language spoken by the common people（B）the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings（C）the use of humble and rustic life as subject matter（D）the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech41 Which of the following is taken from John Keats's Ode on a Grecian Urn?（A）I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!（B）They are both gone up to the church to pray.（C）Earth has not anything to show more fair.（D）Beauty is truth, truth beauty.42 Ode on a Grecian Urn shows the contrast between the______of art and the______of human passion.（A）glory ... ugliness（B）permanence ... transience（C）transience ... sordidness（D）glory... permanence43 Shelley's greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama,______.（A）Antony and Cleopatra（B）Measure for Measure（C）Too True to Be Good（D）Prometheus Unbound44 ______expresses the contrast between the happy world of natural loveliness and human world of agony.（A）Ode on Melancholy（B）Ode to a Grecian Urn（C）Ode to a Nightingale（D）To Autumn45 ______is the most delightful of Jane Austen's works.（A）Sense and Sensibility（B）Pride and Prejudice（C）Emma（D）Mansfield Park46 The Romantic Movement expressed a more or less______attitude toward the existing social and political conditions.（A）positive（B）negative（C）neutral（D）indifferent47 It is______who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of human spirit.（A）Jean Jacques Rousseau（B）Edmund Burke（C）Thomas Paine（D）Johann Wolfgang von Goethe48 In Marriage of Heaven and Hell, the word "marriage", to Blake, means the______. （A）reconciliation of the contraries （B）subordination of the one to the other（C）co-existence of the conflicting parts（D）fighting of the conflicting parts49 In his poem, "The Chimney Sweeper"(from Songs of Experience), Blake depicted the miseries of the child sweepers in order to reveal the_____ of Christianity.（A）false ideals（B）true faith（C）magic power（D）great ideals50 "Adonais" is an elegy for______whose early death from tuberculosis Shelley believed had been hastened by hostile reviews.（A）John Keats（B）Alfred Tennyson（C）William Blake（D）George Gordon Byron51 "You and the girls may go, or you may send them by themselves, which perhaps will be still better, for as you are as handsome as any of them, Mr. Bingley might like you the best of the party." The above passage is taken from Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice. The figure of speech used here is______.（A）paradox（B）irony（C）simile（D）hyperbole52 In Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem Kubla Khan, "A sunny pleasure dome with caves of ice"______.（A）symbolizes the reconciliation of the conscious and the unconscious（B）is the gift given to a beautiful girl called Abyssinian（C）vividly describes a building of poor quality（D）refers to the place where Kubla Khan's father once lived53 Jane Austen presents most of the problems of the novel, Pride and Prejudice, from the______ viewpoint.（A）masculine（B）neutral（C）objective（D）feminine54 Shelley's______and The Cenci, Byron's______, and Coleridge's Remorse are generally regarded as the best verse plays in the Romantic Period.（A）Prometheus Unbound/ Mansfred（B）Waverley/ Cain（C）Cain/ Manfred（D）Prometheus Unbound/ Cain55 Generally speaking,______was a writer of the 18th century, though she lived mainly in the 19th century.（A）Mary Shelley（B）Ann Radcliffe（C）Jane Austen（D）George Eliot56 In the poem, She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways, Wordsworth writes: "A violet by a mossy stone / Half hidden from theeye!" The figure of speech used here is______.（A）simile（B）hyperbole（C）metaphor（D）personification57 According to the subjects, Wordsworth's short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about______and poems about______.（A）human life/ universe（B）nature/ human life（C）nature/ society（D）society/ universe58 "And because I am happy and dance and sing, / They think they have done me no injury, / And are gone to praise God and his priest and king, / Who make up a heaven of our misery." The above four lines are taken from______.（A）Songs of Experience（B）Songs of Innocence（C）Poetical Sketches（D）Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard59 Coleridge's actual achievement as a poet can be divided into two remarkably diverse groups: the demonic and the conversational. Which of the following poems belongs to the conversational group?（A）Kubla Khan.（B）Frost at Midnight.（C）Christabel.（D）The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.60 Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well-known for his______.（A）international theme（B）waste-land imagery（C）local color（D）symbolism61 ______is called by Hemingway the one from which "all modern American literature comes."（A）Adventures of Huckleberry Finn（B）The Adventures of Tom Sawyer（C）The Gilded Age（D）Life on the Mississippi62 Who exerts the single most important influence on literary naturalism, of which Theodore Dreiser and Jack London are among the best representative writers?（A）Freud.（B）Darwin.（C）W.D.Howells.（D）Emerson.63 Sister Carrie is a masterpiece of______writing.（A）naturalistic（B）romantic（C）classic（D）neo-classic64 Winterbourne is used as a______in Henry James's Daisy Miller.（A）protagonist（B）narrator of the events（C）a minor character（D）persona65 The novelistic technique of projecting the narrative through feelings and thoughts of the characters, reached a perfected form in the works of______.（A）William Dean Howells（B）Henry James（C）Washington Irving（D）Emily Dickinson66 In Henry James's Daisy Miller, the author tries to portray the young woman as an embodiment of______.（A）the force of convention（B）the free spirit of the New World（C）the decline of aristocracy（D）the corruption of the newly rich67 Which of the following writers is NOT the dominant figure of the Realistic Period in American literature?（A）Herman Melville.（B）William Dean Howells.（C）Henry James.（D）Mark Twain.68 Choose the novel that is NOT written by Henry James.（A）The Ambassadors:（B）The Wings of the Dove.（C）The Bostonians.（D）The Mysterious Stranger.69 Dickinson's poems include poems of______.（A）nature（B）love（C）death（D）all the above70 Emily Dickinson wrote many poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression?（A）Religion.（B）Life and death.（C）Love and marriage.（D）War and peace.71 ______ explores the scrupulous individualism in a world of fantastic speculation and unstable values, and gives its names to the get-rich-quick years of the post-Civil War era. （A）Innocents Abroad（B）The Gilded Age（C）Roughing It（D）The Middle Years72 The main theme of______The Art of Fiction reveals his literary credo that representation of life should be the main object of the novel.（A）Henry James'（B）Mark Twain's（C）Theodore Dreiser's（D）William Dean Howells'73 Which statement is NOT true in describing American naturalists?（A）They were deeply influenced by Darwinism（B）They were identified with French novelist and theorist Emile Zola（C）They chose their subjects from the lower ranks of society.（D）They used more serious and more sympathetic tone in writing than realists74 In Henry James's Daisy Miller, the "Americanness" in Daisy is revealed byher______.（A）vulgarity in language and taste（B）expensive jewels and clothes（C）lack of grace and patience（D）relatively unreserved manners75 ______, in his "McTeague", describes the relations of a crude dentist, who is compared to a draft-horse, a dog, a bear, with a superficially refined German-American girl.（A）Theodore Dreiser（B）Frank Norris（C）Henry James（D）Mark Twain76 _____ is an account of American tourists in Europe which pokes fun at the pretentious, decadent and undemocratic OldWorld in a satirical tone.（A）The Adventures of Tom Sawyer（B）Innocents Abroad（C）A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court（D）Roughing it77 The raft on which Huck and Jim float along the river in Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn may symbolize all the following EXCEPT______.（A）spiritual freedom（B）escape from different sorts of social oppression（C）mobility and instability（D）a small society where people of different color can live like brothers78 Which of the following statements about Emily Dickinson is true?（A）Since she scarcely goes out of her house, she pays little attention to the outside world.（B）She prefers to explore the inner life of herself rather than the social one.（C）She is strongly influenced by Calvinism and has a firm belief in after-life.（D）She is not interested in love because she herself never gets married.79 Here are a few lines from a poem: "With Blue—uncertain stumbling Buzz— / Between the light— and me— / And then the Windows failed—and then /1 could not see to see— . The poem must be______.（A）Emily Dickinson's / heard a Fly buzz— when I died—（B）Edgar Allen Poe's Annabel Lee（C）Walt Whitman's Song of Myself（D）Robert Frost's After Apple-Picking80 Theodore Dreiser gives his novel the title of An American Tragedy mostly because______.（A）he tries to give an ironical meaning to the story（B）he attempts to reproduce an authentic trial fictionally（C）he is surprised that such tragedy should happen in America（D）it is the typical thing that can happen to an American in the pursuit of riches81 Theodore Dreiser's forgiving treatment of the career of his heroine in______also draws heavily upon the naturalistic understanding of sexuality.（A）McTeague（B）An American Tragedy（C）Sister Carrie（D）The Genius82 One of the characteristics that have made Mark Twain one of the major literary figures in the 19thcentury American literature is the use of______.（A）vernacular（B）interior monologue（C）point of view（D）photographic description83 Winterbourne is used as a narrator of the events in Henry James's______..（A）The American（B）Daisy Miller（C）The Turn of the Screw（D）The Wings of the Dove84 ______is described by Mark Twain as a boy with "a sound heart and a deformed conscience."（A）Tom Sawyer（B）Huckleberry Finn（C）Jim（D）Tony85 The Way of the Beaten: A Harp in the Wind this is the title of one chapter in Dreiser's novel______.（A）An American Tragedy（B）Sister Carrie（C）Dreiser Looks at Russia（D）Jannie Gerhardt86 The author of The Portrait of a Lady is best at ______.（A）probing into the secret part of human life（B）an incarnation of the clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a European cultural environment（C）a truthful description of the motives, the impulses, the principles that shape the lives of actual men and women （D）disclosing the social injustices and evils of a civilized society after the Civil War87 During the period after the Civil War, the American society entered in what Mark Twain referred to as______.（A）the Golden Age（B）the Puritan Age（C）the Gilded Age。
英美文学选读-英国-浪漫主义时期-练习题汇总(选择大题).
I.Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for eachSelect from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.chapter12.Romanticism was a literary trend prevailing in English during the period from 1798 to 1832. The Romantic writers(.A. paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of manB. were discontent with the development of industrialism and capitalism, and presented the social evils minutely in their worksC. took pains to portray a world of harmony and balanceD. tended to glorify Rome and advocated rational Italian and French art as superior to the native traditions18.Which of the following poems is a landmark in English poetry?A.Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB.“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William WordsworthC.“Remorse ” by Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD.Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman19.The literary form which is fully developed and the most flourishing during theRomantic Period is ______________.A.proseB.dramaC.novelD.poetry20.English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to haveended in 1832 with ______.A.the passage of the first Reform Bill in the ParliamentB.the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical BalladsC.the publication of T.S.Eliot’s The waste LandD.the passage of the Bill of Rights in the Parliament10.Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that______________.A.the former celebrates reason, rationality, order and instruction while the latter seesliterature as an expression of an individual’s feeling and experiencesB.the former is heavily religious but the latter secularC.the former is an intellectual movement, the purpose of which is to arouse themiddle class for political rights while the latter is concerned with the personal cultivationD.the former advocates the “return to nature” whereas the latter turns to the ancientGreek and Roman writers for its models.8. The major British Romantic poets Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley and Keats started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature,which was later regarded as _____.A. the poetic romanceB. the poetic movementC. the poetic revolutionD. the poetic reformation14. All of the following poets are regarded as “Lake Poets” EXCEPT______.A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SoutheyC. William WordsworthD. William Blake20. English Romanticism,as a historical phase of literature,is generally said to have begun with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s_____.1A. Poetical SketchesB. A Defence of PoetryC. Lyrical BalladsD. The Prelude13. The Romantic period is an age of _____.a. proseb. dramac. poetryd. both a and c14. The two major novelists of the Romantic period are _____.a. William Wordsworth and John Keatsb. John Keats and Jane Austenc. Jane Austen and Walter Scottd. William10. Which of the following descriptions of Gothic Novels is NOT correct? 6A. It predominated in the early eighteenth century.B. It was one phase of the Romantic movement.C. Its principal elements are violence, horror and the supernatural.D. Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho and Frankenstein are typical Gothic romance.1 William Blake7. “Where intelligence was fallible, limited, the Imagination was our hope of contact with eternal forces, with the whole spiritual world.” was said by ______.A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. John Keats7.In his poem “Tyger, Tyger,”William Blake expresses his perception of the“fearful symmetry”of the big cat.The phrase“fearful symmetry”suggests(.A. the tiger’s two eyes which are dazzlingly bright and symmetrically setB. the poet’s fear of the predatorC. the analogy of the hammer and the anvilD. the harmony of the two opposite aspects of God’s creation13.The poems such as“The Chimney Sweeper”are found in both Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience by(.A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. John KeatsD. Lord Gordon Byron13.“Tiger! Tiger! Burning bright/ In the forests of the ni ght, / What immortal hand or eye / Could frame thy fearful symmetry?”(“The Tiger”by William Blake The above lines(.A. describe the tiger’s fierce eyes and forceful hands at nightB. ex press the poet’s curiosity for the skillful creation of the tigerC. express the poet’s surprise at the sight of the tiger’s well-proportioned bodyD. express the poet’s terror at the sight of the tiger in the forest at night5.William Blake’s central conc ern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experienceis_______, which gives the two books a strong social and historical reference. A.youthhood B.childhoodC.happinessD.sorrow17.The declaration that “I know that This World is a World of IMAGINATION & Vi sion,” and that “The Nature of my work is visionary or imaginative’’ belongs to______.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD.George Gordon Byron11. William Blake’s work ______ marks his entry into maturity.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Marriage of Heaven and HellC. Songs of InnocenceD. The Book of Los7. “Where intelligence was fallible, limited, the Imagination was our hope of contact with eternal forces, with the whole spiritual world.” was said by ______.A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. John Keats22.The declaration that “I know that This World is a World of IMAGINATION &Vision,” and that “The Nature of my work is visionary or imaginative” belongs to ______.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. George Gordon Byron15. Blake's Songs of Experience paints a world of _____ with a melancholy tone.a. misery, poverty, disease, war and repressionb. happiness and love and romantic idealsc. misery , poverty mixed with love and happinessd. loss and institutional cruelty with sufferings2 William W ordsworth12.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT ___.A.the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB.the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC.the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD.the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech21.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all of the following except .[A]normal contemporary speech patterns[B]humble and rustic life as subject matter[C]elegant wording and inflated figures of speech[D]intensely subjective feeling toward individual experience10.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following except (.A. the using of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the humble and rustic life as subject matterD. elegant wording and inflated figures of speech10. A poet asserted t hat poet ry originated form “emotion recollected in tranquillity”. He maintained that the scenes and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary people were the raw material of which poetry could and should be made. Who is that poet?(.A. William BlakeB. Alfred Lord TennysonC. William WordsworthD. John Keats13.The assertion that poetry originates from “emotion recollected in tranquility”belongs to ______.A.William WordsworthB.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.Robert SoutheyD.William Blake14.All of the following poems by William Wordsworth are masterpieces on nature EXCEPT ______.A.“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”B.“An Evening Walk”C.“Tintern Abbey”D.“The Solitary Reaper”10. Among the following British Romantic poets ______ is regard ed as a “worshipper of nature”.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. George Gordon ByronD. John Keats10. Wordsworth’s_____ is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature.A. “To a Skylark”B. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”C. “An Evening Walk”D. “My Heart Leaps Up”12. Poetry is defined by ______ as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility”.A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. Percy Bysshe ShelleyD. Robert Southey12. In subject matter, Will iam Wordsworth’s poems have two concerns. One is about nature, the other is about ______.A. French RevolutionB. literary theoryC. deathD. common life of ordinary people18.Wordsworth’s ______ is perha ps the most anthologized poem in English literature.A. “To a Skylark”B. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”C. “An Evening Walk”D. “My Heart Leaps Up”20. The major representatives of the poetic revolution in English Romantic periodwere Samuel Taylor Coleridge and ______.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. John KeatsD. Percy Bysshe Shelley3 Shelley14.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by __.A.J.KeatsB.W.BlakeC.W.WordsworthD.P.B.Shelley7. “Drive my dead thought s over the universeLike withered leaves to quicke n a new birth.”(Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Ode to the West Wind”What rhetorical device does the poet use in the quoted lines?[A]Synecdoche. [B]Metaphor.[C]Simile. [D]Onomatopoeia.14. Shelley’s masterpiece, Prometheus Unbound, is a verse drama, which borro ws the basic story from ______ .A. the BibleB. a German legendC. a Greek playD. One Thousand and One Nights15.Shelley’s greatest achie vement is his four-act poetic drama ________.A. AdonaisB. To a SkylarkC. A Song: Men of EnglandD. Prometheus Unbound12.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”is an epigrammatic line by(.A. J. KeatsB. W. BlakeC. W. WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley12.Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama ______, which is an exultant work in praise of humanki nd’s potential.A.AdonaisB.Queen MabC.Prometheus UnboundD.A Defence of Poetry19.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?’’ The quoted line comes from______.A. Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind’’B. Walt Whitman’s Leaves of GrassC. John Milton’s Par adise LostD.John Keats’ “Ode on a Grecian Urn”12. Best of all the Romantic well- known lyric pieces is Shelley’s_____.A. “The Cloud”B. “To a Skylark”C. “Ode to a Nightingale”D. “Ode to the West Wind”2. Shelley’ s political lyrics ______ is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to rise up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation.A. “Ode to Liberty”B. “Ode to Naples”C. “Ode to the West Wind”D. “Men of England”15. In ______ , Shelley created a Platonic symbol of the spirit of man, a force ofbeauty and regeneration.A. “To a Skylark”B. “The Cloud”C. “Ode to Liberty”D. Adonais4 Jane Austen15. In the first part of the novel Pride and prejudice, Mr. Darcy has a (n ______ of the Bennet family .A. high opinionB. great admirationC. low opinionD. erroneous view5. Jane Austen wrote within a very narrow sphere. The subject matter, the socialsetting, and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the ________.A. late 19th -centuryB. 17th -centuryC. 20th -centuryD. late 18th -century8.“What is his name?”“Bingley.”“Is he married or single?”“Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fin e thing for our girls!”The above dialogue must be taken from(.A. Jane Austen’s Pride and PrejudiceB. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering HeightsC. John Galsworthy’s The Forsyte SagaD. George Eliot’s Middlemarch15.“It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a (.”This quotation in Austen’s Pride and Prejudice sets the tone of the novel.A. houseB. titleC. wifeD. fame10.“It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good for-tune, must be in want of a wife.” The quoted part is taken from ______.A.Jane EyreB.Wuthering HeightsC.Pride and PrejudiceD.Sense and Sensibility11.Because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior, ______ has brought the English novel ,as an art of form, to its maturity.A.Charlotte BrontëB.Jane AustenC.Emily BrontëD.Ann Radcliffe9. Jane Austen’s main literary concern is about ______.A. human beings in their personal relationshipsB. the love story between the rich and the poorC. maturity achieved through the loss of illusionsD. the daily country life of the upper-middle-class English9. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is_____.A. love and moneyB. money and social statusC. social status and marriageD. love and marriage5. Jan e Austen’ s practical idealism is that love should be justified by ______ and disciplined by self-control.A. reasonB. senseC. rationalityD. sensibility10.Because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior, ______ has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its maturity.A. Charlotte BronteB. Jane AustenC. Emily BronteD. Henry Fielding12.The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is ______ toward which she holds on apractical idealism.A. love and moneyB. marriage and moneyC. love and familyD. love and marriage13. Through the character of Elizabeth, Jane Austen emphasizes the importance of ______ for woman.A. marriageB. physical attractivenessC. independence and self-confidenceD. submissive character17. Th e major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is love and marriage. Which of the following is not a couple that appeared in Pride and Prejudice?A. Catherine and HeathcliffB. Lydia and WickhamC. Jane and BinleyD. Charlotte and Collins18. The sentence “three or four families in a country village are the very thing to work on” can best reflect the writer’s personal knowledge and range of writing. This writer is ______.A. Walter ScottB. Thomas HardyC. Jane EyreD. Jane AustenII. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for eachRead the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.William Blake42. “When the stars threw down their spears,And water’d heaven with thei r t ears,Did he smile his work to see?Did he who made the Lamb make thee?”Questions:A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are takenB. Whom does the “he’’ refer to?C. What does the “Lamb” symbolize?42. A. “ The Tyger”, William Bla keB. The GodC. Lamb symbolizes peace and purity.2 William W ordsworth42. “A violet by a mossy stoneHalf hidden from the eye!-Fair as a star, when only oneIs shining in the sky.”Questions:A.Identify the author and the title of the poem from which this stanza is taken.B.Pick out the metaphor used in this stanza.C.What quality does the author intend to show by using the metaphor?42. A. The stanza is taken from “She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways” written byW. Wordsworth.B. The flower (violet is used as a metaphor.C. By comparing a country girl (Lucy to a violet, the poet intends to show herquality of beauty and her virtue which are often neglected by the common people just like a wild flower blooming by an untrodden road.42. “Never did sun more beautifully steepIn his first splendor, valley, rock, or hill;Ne’er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!The river glideth at his own sweet will:Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;And all that mighty heart is lying still!”(William Wordsworth’s sonnet: “Composed upon Westminster Bridge” September 3, 1802Questions:A. What does the word “glideth” in the fourth line mean?B. What kind of figure of speech is used by wordsworth to describe the “river”?C. What idea does the fourth line express?42. A. To move smoothly and quietly, as if no effort was being made.B. Personification. Here the river is personified so that it has its own will.C. Wordsworth emphasizes that the river runs freely ( in the early morning because there is no barges or steamers or other kind of man-made burdens imposed on it to hinder its running.41.“For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,they flash upon that inward eye”Questions:A.Identify the anthor and the title.B.What does the phrase “inward eye” mean?C.Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.41. A. Wordsworth; I wondered lonely as a cloudB. human soulC. The poet expressed his love for the daffodils.41. “The fiver glideth at his own sweet will:Dear God! the very houses seem asleep;And all that mighty heart is lying still!”(fr om William Wordsworth’s “Composed upon Westminster Bridge”Questions:A. What figure of speech is used in the quoted lines?B. What does “that mighty heart’’ refer to?C. What does the poem describe?41. A. PersonifecationB. LondonC. The poem describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London.41. Behold her, single in the field,Y on solitary Highland lass!Reaping and singing by herself;Stop here, or gently pass!Alone she cuts and binds the grain,And sings a melancholy strain;O listen! For the V ale profoundIs overflowing with the sound.Questions:A. Identify the poet.B. What’ s the rhyme scheme for the stanza?C. What’s the theme of the poem?41. A. William WordsworthB. ababccddC. The poet uses rural figures to suggest the timeless mystery of sorrowful humanity and its radiant beauty.3 Shelley41. Wherefore feed and clothe and saveFrom the cradle to the graveThose ungrateful drones who wouldDrain your sweat- nay, drink your blood?Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the stanza is taken.B. What figure of speech is used in Line 2?C. Whom does “drones” refer to?41. A. From Percy Shelley’s “Men of England”B. MetonymyC. Here “drones” refers to the parasit ic class in human society.41. Wherefore, Bees of England, forgeMany a weapon, chain, and scourge,That these stingless drones may spoilThe forced produce of your toil?Questions:A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the lines are taken.B. What do you know about the poem’ s writing background?C. What do you think the poet intends to say in the poem?41. A. Percy Shelley, A Song :“Men of England”B. The poem was written in 1819, the year of the Peterloo Massacre.C. To call on all working people of England to rise up against their politicaloppressors; to point out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation. 42. “Beside a pumice isle in Baiae’s bay,And saw in sleep old palaces and towersQuivering within the wave’s intenser day,All overgrown with azure moss and flowersSo sweet, the sense faints picturing them! ThouFor whose path the Atlantic’s level powers”(From Shelley’s“Ode to the West Wind”Questions:A. In what form is the poem written?B. What does the quotation “the sense faints picturin g them” mean?C. What idea does Shelley express in this poem?(10742. A. The terza rima form Shelley derived from his reading of Dante.B. Seeing the images so beautiful one feels faint to describe them.C. He eulogizes the powerful west wind and expresses his eagerness to enjoy theboundless freedom from reality.III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for eachGive a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.Chapter46. Inspiration for the romantic approach initially came from two great shapers ofthought. Who are the two? And what ideas they expressed inspire the romantic writers?46. A.The French philosopher,Jean Jacques Rousseau and the German writer Johna Wolfgan von Goethe.B. It is Rousseau who established the cult of the individual and championed the freedom of the human spirit; his famous announcement was “I felt before I thought.” Goethe and his compatriots extolled the romantic spirit.Blake46. B riefly introduce Blake’ s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.46. A. Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy andinnocent world, though not without its evils.B. Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, disease, war and repression with melancholy tone.C. The two books hold the similar subject-matter, but the tone, emphasis and conclusion differ. Shelley 45. What’ s the literary style of Shelley as a Romantic poet? 45. A. Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language. B. Like Blake, he has a reputation as a difficult poet: erudite, imagistically complex, full of classical and mythological allusions.C. His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech which describe vividly what we see and feel, or express what passionately moves us. IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. chapter 49.How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism? Provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best. 49.a.Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emoticon and accuracy, and that literature, should be judged in terms of its service to humanity ,and thus,l iterary expressions should be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace. Pope's An Essay on Criticism advocates grace, wit (usually though satire/humor, and simplicity in language(and the poem itself is a demonstration ofthose ideals,too;Fielding's Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel; Gray's “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard' displays elegance in style, unified structure, serious tone and moral instructions. b.Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,”and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were (Wordsworth's “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,” or “The Solitary Reaper, or Coleridge's “Keble Khan”,the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings 11and particular attitudes. c. In a word, Neoclassicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual's mind (emotion, imagination, temporary experience… Wordsworth 49. Please elaborate Wordsworth’s theory of poetry, taking examples from the poems you have learned to support your ideas.49. A. Poetry ori ginates from “emotion recollected in tranquility”. (Take “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” as example B. He maintained that the scenes and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary people were the raw material of which poetry could and should be made. (Take “The Solitary Reaper” as example Jane Austen 49.In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen explored three kinds of motivations of marriage the middle-class people had in the second half of the 18th century. Try to make a brief discussion about them with s pecific examples from the novel. Make comments on Austen’s attitude towards these motivations. 49. A. Motivation one: to pursue material interest through marriage; Wickham, Miss Binley and Charlotte Lucas are examples of this kind. B. Motivation two: to seek sensual pleasure and beauty; Lydia and Mr. Bennet are examples of this kind. C. Motivation three: to search for true love and also take personal merits and financial positions into consideration; Elizabeth Bennet is a typical example of this kind.D. Austen celebrated the third kind of motivation of marriage while criticizing the first two wrong motivations. 49. Elizabeth Bennet, the heroine in Pride and Prejudice, is often regarded as the most successful character created by Jane Austen. Make a brief comment on Elizabeth’s character. 49. A. Elizabeth is clever, alert and observant. She is more observant and less charitable than Jane in recognizing the characters of Bingley’s sisters.She recognizes Mr. Collins’ character in his letter and after meeting h im she turns down firmly and with dignity his patronizing proposal. She is able to match wits with Darcy several times and with Colonel Fitzwilliam, earning their respect and admiration. B. Fearless and frank, not rattled by the attack of Lady Catherine de Bourgh, she 12wins a notable victory, sending her Ladyship away completely routed. She is independent but not infallible in her judgment --- taken in by the charm of the worthless Wickham. She can’t be blamed for misjudging Darcy. C. She shows flexibili ty, discernment, and honesty of mind when she reads Darcy’s defense in his letter and admits the justice of much of what he says. Thus she begins to lose her prejudice against him. She recognizes and values true worth when she encounters it in Jane, the Gardiners, and, near the end of the novel, in Darcy. She sees more clearly than her father the danger of sending Lydia to Brighton D. She is able to control her emotions at times of stress --- when she first encounters Darcy at Pemberley; when she realizes that she loves Darcy and has good reason to fear that she has lost him, she waits without repining time to bring a solution. She is witty, fun-loving, recognizes humour in herself and in others, but ridiculing only folly, nonsense, and inconsistencies. She recognizes the follies of her own family and their shortcomings as well as their virtues. E. She is considerate of others but quite capable of asserting herself when occasion demands. She has a playful and unaffected manner, sunny disposition, natural animation, sense of fun, and sweet reasonableness. She is ready to laugh at herself and everything save “what is wise and good.” She shows a sense of humor by telling what Darcy has said about her at the Maryton ball. 13。
英美文学选读(英国)浪漫主义时期笔记
Chapter 3 The Romantic Period1. The Romantic Period: The Romantic period is the period generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament. It is emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind.2.Social background:a. during this period, England itself had experienced profound economic and social changes. The primarily agricultural society had been replaced by a modern industrialized one.b. With the British Industrial Revolution coming into its full swing, the capitalist class came to dominate not only the means of production, but also trade and world market.3.The Romantic Movement: it expressed a more or less negative attitude toward the existing social and political conditions that came with industrialization and the growing importance of the bourgeoise. The romantics demontrated a a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers and philosophers. They saw man as an individual in the solitary state. Thus, the Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. Wordsworth and Coleridge were the major representatives of this movement. Wordsworth defines the poet as a “man speaking to men”, and poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.” Imagination, defined by Coleridge, is the vital faculty that creates new wholes out of disparate elements. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imamgination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true poetry. The natural world comes to the forefront of the poetic imagination. Nature is not only the major source of the poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject mattre. It is in solitude, in communion with the natural universe, that man can exercise this most valuable of faculties.Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending the great poets and dramatists of their own national heritage against the advocates of classical rules.Poetry: to the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules.they would turn to the humble people and the common everyday life for subjects.Prose: It’s also a great age of prose. With education greatly developed for the middle-class people, there was a rapid growth in the reading public and an increasing demand for reading materials.Romantics made literary comments on the writers with high standards, which paved the way for the development of a new and valuable type of critical writings. Colerige, Hazlitt, Lamb, and De Quincey were the leading figures in this new development.Novel: the 2 major novelists of the period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott.Gothic novel: a tyoe of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century, was one of the Romantic movement. Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader’s emotion. With is description of the dark, irritional side of human nature, the Gothic form exerted a great influence over the writers of the Romantic period.3. Ballads: the most important form of popular literature; flourished during the 15th century; Most written down in 18th century; mostly written in quatrains; Most important is the Robin Hood ballads.4. Romanticism: it is romanticism is a literary trend. It prevailed in England during the period of 1798-1832. Romanticists were discontent with and opposed to the development of capitalism. They split into two groups.Some Romantic writers reflected the thinking of those classes which had been ruined by the bourgeoisie called Passive Romantic poets represented by Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey.Others expressed the aspiration of the labouring classes called Active or Revolutionary Romantic poets represented by Byron and Shelley and Keats.5. Lake Poets:Wordsworth, Coleridge and Robert Southey have often been mentioned as the “Lake Poets” because they lived in the Lake District in the northwestern part of England6. Byronic Hero a proud, mysterious rebelling figure of noble origin rights all the wrongs in a corrupt society, and is against any kind of tyrannical rules; It appeared first in Childe H arold’s Pilgrimage and then further developed in later works as the Oriental Tales, Manfred and Don Juan; the figure is somewhat modeled on the life and personality of Byron himself, and makes Byron famous both at home and abroad.7. Main Writers:A. William Blake(1757-1827):1. Literarily, Blake was the first important Romantic poet, showing a comtempt for the rule of reason, opposing the calssical tradition of the 18th century,and treasuring the individual’s imagination.2. His first printed work, Poetic Skelches, is a collection of youthful verse. Joy, laughter, love and harmony are the prevailing notes.3. The Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings. The wretched child described in “The Chimney Sweeper,”orphaned, exploited, yet touched by visionary rapture, evokes unbearable poignancy when he finally puts his trust in the order of the universe as he knows it. Blake experimented in meter and rhyme and introduced bold metrical innovations which could not be found in the poetry of his contemporaries.4. The Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a malancholy tone. The little chinmney sweeper sings “notes of woe” while his parents go to the church and praise “God & his Priest & King”—the very intrument of their repression. A number of poems in the Songs of Experience also find a counterpart in the Songs of Experience. The 2 books hold the similar subject-matter, but the tone, emphasis and conclusion differ.5. Childhood is central to Blake’s concern in the Songs of Innocence and the Songs of Experience, and this concern gives the 2 books a strong social and historical reference. The two “Chimney Sweeper”poems are good examples to reveal the relation between an economic ciecumstance, i.e. the exploitation of child labor, and an ideological circumstance, i.e. the role played by religion in making people compliant to exploitation. The poem from the Songs of Innocence indicates the conditions which make religion a consolation, a prospect “illusionary happiness;”the poem from the Songs of Experience reveals the nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor children.6. Blake’s Marriage of Heaven and Hell marks his entry into maturity. The poem plays the double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy. Blake explores the relationship of the contrries. Attraction and repulsion, reason and energy, love and hate, are necessary to human existence. The “Marriage”means the reconciliation of the contraries, not the subordination of the one to the other.Main works: Poetical SketchesSongs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poemsHoly Thursday reminds us terribly of a world of loss and institutional cruelty.Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone.Marriage of Heaven and HellThe book of UrizenThe Book of LosThe Four ZoasMilton7. Language Character: he writes his poems in plain and direct language. His poems often carry the lyric beauty with immense compression of meaning. He distrusts the abstractness and tends to embody his views with visual images. Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive feature of his poetry.B. William Wordsworth(1770-1850) In 1842 he received a government pension, and in the following year he succeeded Southey as Poet Laureate.Lyrical Ballads:But the Lyrical Ballads differs in marked ways from his early poetry, notably the uncompromising simplicity of much of the language, the strong sympathy not merely with the poor in general but with particular, dramatized examples of them, and the fusion of natural description with expressions of inward states of mind.Short poems:According to the subjects, Wordsworth’s short poems can be calssified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about human life.Wordsworth is regarde as a “worshipper of nature.”He can penetrate to the heart of things and give the reader the very life of nature. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”is perhaps the most anthologized poem in english literature, and one that takes us to the core of Wordsworth’s poetic beliefs. It’s nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace.”Wordswoth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. “The Solitary Reaper” and “To a Highland Girl” use rural figures to suggest the timeless mystery of sorrowful humanity and its radiant beauty. In its daring use of subject matter and sense of the authenticity of the experience of the poorest, “Resolution and Independence ” is the triumphant conclusion of ideas first developed in the Lyrical Ballads.Wordsworth is a poet in memory of the past. To him, life is a cyclical journey. Its beginning finally turns out to be its end. His philosophy of life is presented in his masterpiece The Prelude.Wordsworth deliberate simplicity and refusal to decorate the truth of experience produced a kind of pure and profoud poetry which no othr poet has ever equaled. He maintained that the scenes and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary people were the raw material of which poetry could and should be made.Main Works:Descriptive Sketches, and Evening WalkLyrical Ballads.The PreludePoems in Two VolumesOde: Intimations of ImmortalityResolution and Independence.The ExcursionPoets: The Sparrow’s Nest, To a Skylark, To the Cuckoo, To a Butterfly, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud( is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature.), An Evening Walk, My Heart Leaps up, Tintern AbbeyThe ThornThe sailor’s motherMichael,The Affliction of MargaretThe Old Cumberland BeggarLucy PoemsThe Idiot BoyMan, the heart of man, and human life.The Solitary ReaperTo a Highland GirlThe Ruined CottageThe PreludeLanguage character: he can penetrate to the heart of things and give the reader the very life of nature. And he thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. His sympathy always goes to the suffering poor.He is the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, the focal poetic voice of the period. His is a voice of searchingly comprehensive humanity and one that inspires his audience to see the world freshly, sympathetically and naturally. The most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to natureC. Percy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822)he grew up with violent revolutionary ideas, so he held a lifelong aversion to crulty, injusticce, authority, institutional religion and the formal shams of respectable society, condemming war, tyranny and exploitation. He realized that the evil was also in man’s mind. Even after a revolution, that is after the restoration of human morality and creativity, the evil deep in man’s heart might again be loosed. So he predicated that only through gradual and suitable reforms of the existing institutions couls benevolence be universally established and none of the evils would survive in this “genuin society,”where people could live together happily, freely and peacefully.Shelley expressed his love of freedom and his hatredtoward tyranny in several of his lyrics. One of the greatest political lyrics is “Men of England.” It is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to risse up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation. The poem was later to become a rallying song of the British Comuunist Party.Best of all the well-known lyric pieces is Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind” here Shelley’s rhapsodic and declamatory tendencies find a subject perfectly suited to them. The autumn wind, burying the dead year, preparing for a new spring, becoms an image of Shelley himself, as he would want to be, in its freedom, its destructive-constructive potential, its universality. The whole poem had a logic of feeling,a not easily analyzable progression that leads to the triumphant, hopeful and convincing conclusion: if winter comes, can spring be far behind?Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama, Prometheus Unbound. The play is an exultant work in praise of humankind’s potential, and Shelley himself recognized it as “the most perfect of my products.”Main works:The Necessity of Atheism, Queen Mab: a Philosophical Poem, Alastor, or The Spirit of SolitudePoem: Hymn to Intellectual Beauty, Mont BlancJulian and Maddalo, The Revolt of Islam, the Cenci, Prometheus Unbound, Adonais, Hellas,Prose: Defence of PoetryLyrics:genuine society,“Ode to Liberty”,“Old to Naples”“Sonnet: England in 1819”, The Cloud, To a Shylark, Ode to the West WindPolitical lyrics: Men of EnglandElegy: Adonais is a elegy for John Keats’s early deathTerza rimaPersonal Characters: he grew up with violent revolutionary ideas under the influence of the free thinkers like Hume and Godwin, so he held a life long aversion to cruelty, injustice, authority, institutional religion andthe formal shams of respectable society, condemning war, tyranny and exploitation. He expressed his love for freedom and his hatred toward tyranny in several of his lyrics such as “Ode to Liberty”,“Old to Naples”“Sonnet: England in 1819”Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, and intense and original lyrical poet in the English language. Like Blake, he has a reputation as a difficult poet: erudite, imagistically complex, full of classical and mythological allusions. His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech which describe vividly what we see and feel. Or express what passionately moves us.D: Jane Austen(1755-1817): born in a country clergyman’s family:Main Works:Novel: Sense and SensibilityPride and Prejudice(the most popular)Northanger AbbeyMansfield ParkEmmaPersuasionThe WatsonsFragment of a NovelPlan of a NovelPersonal Characters: she holds the ideals of the landlord class in politics, religion and moral principles; and her works show clearly her firm belief in the predominance of reason over passion, the sense of responsibility, good manners and clear—sighted judgment over the Romantic tendencies of emotion and individuality.Her Works’ Characters: his works’s concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. Because of this, her novels have a universal significance. It is her c onviction that a man’s relationship to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his concerns about his belief and career. Her thought is that if one wants to know about a man’s talents, one should see him at work, but if one wan ts to know about his nature and temper, one should see him at home. Austen shows a human being not at moments of crisis, but in the most trivial incidents of everyday life. She write within a very narrow sphere. The subject matter, the character range, the social setting, and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th century England. Concerning three or four landed gentry families with their daily routine life.Her novels’ structure is exquisitely deft, the characterization in the hig hest degree memorable, while the irony has a radiant shrewdness unmatched elsewhere. Her works’ at one delightful and profound, are among the supreme achievements of English literature. With trenchant observation and in meticulous details, she presents the quiet, day-to-day country life of the upper-middle-class English.G: Questions and answers:1. what are the characteristics of the Romantic literature? Please discuss the above question in relation to one or two examples.a. in poetry writing, the romanticists employed new theories and innovated new techniques, for example, the preface to the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads acts as a manifesto for the new school.b. the romanticists not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration.c. they regarded nature as the major source of poetic imagery and the dominant subject.d. romantics also tend to be nationalistic.2.Make a contrast between the two generations of Romantic poets during the Romantic AgeThe poetic ideals announced by Wordsworth and Coleridge provided a major inspiration for the brilliant young writers who made up the second generation of English Romantic poets. Wordsworth and Coleridge both became more conservative politically after the democratic idealism. The second generation of Romantic poets are revolutionary in thinking. They set themselves against the bourgeois society and the ruling class.3.what are Austen’s writing features?Jane Austen is one of the realistic novelists. Aust en’s work has a very narrow literary field. Her novels showa wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire.4. what is the historical and cultural background of English Romanticism?a. Historically, it was provoked by the French Revolution and the English Industrial Revolution.b. Culturally, the publication of French philosopher Rousseau’s two books provided necessary guiding principles for the French Revolution which aroused great sympathy and enthusiasm in England;c. England experienced profound economic and social changes: the enclosure movement and the agricultural mechanization; the capitalist class grasped the political power and came to dominate the English society.H. topic discussion:1. Discuss the artistic features of Shelley’s poems.A. Percy Bysshe Shelly is an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language.B. His poems are full of classical and mythological allusions.C. His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speechD. He describes vividly what we see and feel, or expresses what passionately moves us.2. What does Wordsworth mean when he said “All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings recollected in tranquility”?This sentence is considered as the principle of Wordsworth’s poetry c reation which was set forth in the preface to the Lyrical Ballads. Wordsworth appealed directly on individual sensations, as the foundation in the creation and appreciation of poetry.3. How do you describe the writing style of Jane Austen? What is the significance of her works?Jane Austen is a writer of the 18th century through she lived mainly in the 19th century. She holds the ideals of the landlord class in politics, religion, and moral principles. Austen’s main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. Austen defined her stories within a very narrow sphere.。
自考英美文学选读必考重点第二讲英美文学的发展脉络
bourgeoisie; d) the development of early science; e) the religious Reformation or religious struggle in the folk
the Realistic Novel
1) A newly rising literary form contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats,
2) Gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people.
Representatives: John Bunyan:________ Pope:_________ Defoe:_______ Swift:______ Fielding:______ Johnson:______ Sheridan: ______ Gray:_____
The Romantic Period
3) The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th & 16th centuries.
4) To enlighten the whole world with the light of modem philosophical & artistic ideas.
1. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in ____ with the publication of of ____ and to have ended in ____.
英美文学选读自考题-11_真题-无答案
英美文学选读自考题-11(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Multiple ChoiceSelect from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blacking the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.1. Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to sing ______ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. Christian B. knightly C. Greek D. primitive2. The Petrarchan sonnet was first introduced into England by ______.A. Surrey B. Wyatt C. Sidney D. Shakespeare3. Shakespeare's dramatic career can be divided into four periods. It was in the ______ period that his style and approach became highly individualized.A. first B. second C. third D. fourth4. ______ is probably Milton's most memorable prose work.A. Paradise Lost B. Paradise Regained C. Samson Agonistes D. Areopagitica5. In the Neoclassical Period, along with the fast economic development, the British ______ or middle class also grew rapidly.A. working class B. bougeois C. the poor people D. under-controled class6. The Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works in the field of literature. This tendency is known as ______.A. humanism B. realism C. symbolism D. neoclassicism7. In Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe glorifies all the following qualities of the middleclass men except ______.A. the indignity of labour B. religious devotion C. loyalty to the king D. pioneering spirit8. The 18th century witnessed that in England there appeared two political parties, ______, which were satirized by Swift in his Gulliver's Travels.A. the Whigs and Tories B. the Senate and the House of Representative C. the Upper House and Lower House D. the House of Lords and the House of Commons9. Of all the eighteenth century novelists, ______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose", and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A. Daniel Defoe B. Samuel Richardson C. Henry Fielding D. Oliver Goldsmith10. William Godwin, who exerted a great influence on Wordsworth, Shelley and other poets, wrote passionately against the injustices of the economic system and the oppression of the poor in his ______.A. Du Contrat Social B. Emile C. Inquiry Concerning Political Justice D. Declaration of Rights of Man11. The Romantic period is an age of ______. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major representatives.A. novel B. drama C. essay D. poetry12. Which of the **ments on William Blake is not true?______A. Childhood is central to Blake's concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. B. Blake's Marriage of Heaven and Hell marks his entry into maturity. C. The Book of Loss is his masterpiece. D. Symbolism in wide range is a distinctive feature of his poetry.13. With so many poems such as "The Sparrow's Nest" "To a Skylark" "To the Cuckoo" and "To a Butterfly", William Wordsworth is regarded as a "______".A. poet of genius B. worshipper of nature C. royal poet D. conservative poet14. In the following writers, who isn't American?______A. Washington Irving. B. Robert Lee Frost. C. Theodore Dreiser. D. John Keats.15. The novel Pride and Prejudice mainly deals with the five Bennet sisters and their search for suitable husbands, centering on the love story between ______ and ______.A. Jane, Bingley B. Lydia, Wickham C. Elizabeth, Darcy D. Charlotte, Collins16. English critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of ______.A. novel B. drama C. poetry D. sonnet17. Among the works by Charles Dickens ______ presents his criticism of the Utilitarian principle that rules over the English education system and destroys young hearts and minds.A. Bleak House B. Pickwick Paper C. Great Expectations D. Hard Times18. The success of Jane Eyre is not only because of its sharp criticism of the existing society, but also due to its introduction to the English novel the first ______ heroine.A. explorer B. peasant C. worker D. governess19. "Self-conceited" "cruel" and "tyrannical" are most likely the features of the characters in ______.A. Robert Browning's My Last Duchess B. Christopher Marlowe's Dr. Faustus C. Shakespeare's Love's Labour's Lost D. Sheridan's The School for Scandal20. Tess of the D'Urbervilles, one of Thomas Hardy's best known novels, portrays man as ______.A. being hereditarily either good or bad B. being self-sufficient C. having no control over his own fate D. still retaining his own faith in a world of confusion21. George Bernard Shaw's career as a dramatist began in 1892, when his first play ______ was put on by the Independent Theater Society.A. Candida B. Widower's Houses C. Mrs. Warren's Profession D. The Apple Cart22. The major concern of ______ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A. D.H. Lawrence's B. J. Galsworthy's C. W. Thackeray's D. T. Hardy's23. The hightide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around ______.A. 1820 B. 1850 C. 1880 D. 192024. The idea that "There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity" is reflected in ______.A. Young Goodman Brown B. Moby-Dick C. Rip Van Winkle D. Walden25. In Whitman's Leaves of Grass, openness, freedom, and above all ______, are all that concerned him.A. individualism B. collectivism C. romanticism D. modernism26. In "There Was a Child Went Forth", Whitman's own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young, growing ______.A. America B. England C. Greek D. Roman27. The giant Moby Dick may symbolize all except ______.A. mystery of the universe B. sin of the whale C. power of the great nature D. evil of the world28. ______ is not a dominant figure of the Realistic Period.A. Mark Twain B. William Dean Howells C. Henry James D. Washington Irving29. In Henry James's Daisy Miller, the "Americanness" in Daisy is revealed by her ______.A. vulgarity in language and taste B. expensive jewels and clothes C. lack of grace and patience D. relatively unreserved manners30. However, ______, the keynote of Daisy Miller's character, turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures.A. experience B. sophistication C. worldliness D. innocence31. Which of the following works does not show Dickinson's confusion and doubt about the role of women in the 19th century America?A. I'm "wife"—I've finished that B. I heard a Fly buzz—When I died C. I cannot live with You D. I'm ceded32. By the end of Sister Carrie, Dreiser writes, "It was forever to be the pursuit of that radiance of delight which tints the distant hilltops of the world." Dreiser implies that ______. A. there is a bright future lying ahead B. there is no end to man's desire C. one should always be forward looking D, happiness is found in the end33. Who is not considered to be the master in the field of American fiction?______A. F. Scott Fitzgerald. B. Ernest Hemingway. C. William Faulkner. D. Walt Whitman.34. When he was eighty-seven he read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961. This poet was ______.A. Ezra Pound B. Robert Frost C. E.E. Cummings D. Wallace Stevens35. ______ is widely acclaimed "founder of the American drama" and recognized even more as a major figure in world literature.A. Ernest Hemingway B. William Faulkner C. Washington Irving D. Eugene O'Neill36. In Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, there are detailed descriptions of big parties. The purpose of such descriptions is to show ______.A. emptiness of life B. the corruption of the upper class C. contrast of the rich and the poor D. the happy days of the Jazz Age37. Lots of people rushed to Gatsby's party at the weekend and they clustered around Gatsby's wealth like ______.A. gluttons B. flies C. insects D. moths38. "Nick Adams" is a character who frequently appears in ______ stories.A. William Faulkner's B. Theodore Dreiser's C. Mark Twain's D. Ernest Hemingway's39. Which of the following statements about Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner's story A Rose for Emily, is not true?______A. She has a distorted personality. B. She is physically deformed and paralyzed. C. She is the symbol of the old values of the South. D. She is the victim of the past glory.40. "They rose when she entered—a small, fat woman in black, with a thin gold chain descending to her waist and vanishing into her belt, leaning on an ebony cane with a tarnished gold head. Her skeleton was small and spare;..." These sentences are taken from ______.A. Charlotte Bronte's The Professor B. William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily C. Charles Dickens's Dombey and Son D.D.H. Lawrence's Sons and LoversⅡ.Reading ComprehensionRead the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in thecorresponding space on the answer sheet.1. Read the following quotation and answer the questions."Not on thy sole but on thy soul, harsh Jew..."Questions:A. Who is the author of the quotation?B. What's the title of this book?C. Here, what's the meaning of "soul" and "sole'?2. "She no sooner came home than she sent for the gamekeeper, and ordered him to bring his daughter to her; saying she would provide for her in the family, and might possibly place the girl about her own person, when her own maid, who was now going away, had left her."Questions:A. Identify the title and the author.B. What story does the novel tell?3. "Do you think I was brought up like you? Able to pick and choose my own way of life? Do you think I did what I did because I liked it, or thought it right...?"Questions:A. Where is it taken from?B. Who is the author of the play?C. What does the statement mean?4. "Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,/And sorry I could not travel both."Questions:A. Who is the author?B. What does "diverged" mean?C. What does the line imply?Ⅲ.Questions and AnswersGive a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.1. List at least two leading Neoclassicists in England. What did Neoclassicists celebrate in literary creation?2. Charles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victoria Age. Make a **ment on his novels.3. What are the influences of Darwinism and French Naturalism on American literature in its Realistic Period?4. How do you understand Hemingway's "Iceberg Principle" according to his works?Ⅳ.Topic DiscussionWrite no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.1. Literarily Blake was the first important romantic poet, showing contempt for the rule of reason, opposing the classical tradition of the 18th century, and treasuring the individual's imagination. Please make a comment on William Blake's poetry.2. In novel writing, Lawrence is chiefly concerned with human relationships. He was also one of the first novelists to introduce themes of psychology into his works. Please give a short introduction to the major characteristics of D.H. Lawrence's literary creation.。
William·black
威廉·布莱克布莱克是风格独特的诗人，被20世纪的学者们誉为英国文学史上最重要的伟大诗人之一。
1757年出生于伦敦一个贫寒的袜商家庭，未受过正规教育。
14岁当雕版学徒，后于1779年入英国皇家艺术学院学习美术，1782年结婚。
不久以后，布莱克印刷了自己的第一本诗集--Poetical Sketches。
William Blake is a famous painter of the late 18th century and early 19th century , one of the most personality of poets in the history of English literature.He was born in London A poor hosier families in 1757, lack of formal education.After 14 years of age when engraving apprentice, into the royal college of art study fine arts in 1779, married in 1782.Soon after, published his first book of poems - black Poetical Sketches.布莱克的早期诗歌以颂扬爱情、向往欢乐与和谐为主题。
他打破了18世纪新古典主义的教条，用歌谣和无韵体诗来书写理想和生活，诗歌语言质朴，形象鲜明，富有音乐感，充满想象和激情。
后期作品具有神秘主义倾向和宗教色彩，用象征手法表达思想。
Blake's early poetry to celebrate love, yearning for joy and harmony as the theme.He broke the 18 th-century neoclassical doctrine, with songs and blank verse writing ideal and life, plain language of poetry, the image is bright, full of music, full of passion and ter work with mysticism tendency and religious, express thoughts with symbolism.布莱克的诗摆脱了18世纪古典主义教条的束缚，以清新的歌谣体和奔放的无韵体抒写理想和生活，有热情，重想象，开创了浪漫主义诗歌的先河。
英美文学欣赏课程笔记
English1.An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature 上古及中世纪英国文学简介The period of Old English :450~1066Genesis A创世纪甲本,Genesis B 创世纪乙本and Exodus出埃及记based on the Old Testament 旧约全书The Dream of the Rood 十字架之梦comes from the New Testament新约全书Beowulf 贝奥武甫the national epic poemThe Wanderer, Deor流浪者，狄奥尔；The Seafarer航海者, The Wife’s Complaint 妻子的抱怨Medieval period 中世纪from 1066 up to the mid-14th centurySir Gawain and the Green Kinght 高文爵士与他的绿衣骑士John Gower 约翰·高厄Piers Plowman 农夫皮尔斯William Langland 威廉·兰格伦The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集Geoffrey Chaucer吉奥弗雷·乔叟The Romaunt of the Rose 玫瑰传奇；The Legend of Good Women好女人的故事John Dryden 约翰·德莱顿called Chaucer the father of English poetry2.The Renaissance Period 文艺复兴时期Ⅰ.Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞（1552-1599）The Shepheardes Calender 牧人日记Epithalamion 新婚喜歌The Faerie Queene 仙后The five main qualities of Spenser’s poetry are 1)a perfert melody;2)a rare sense of beauty;3) a splendid imagination;4)a lofty moral purity and seriousness; and 5) a dedicated idealism, he also uses strange forms of speech and obsolete words in order to increases the rustic effectⅡ.Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) 克里斯托夫·马洛Tamburlaine (1587-1588)帖木儿Dr. Faustus (1589)浮士德博士的悲剧The Jew of Malta(1590) 马耳他岛的犹太人Edward II(1592-1593)爱德华二世Hero and Leander 海洛与勒安得耳The Passionate Shepherd to His Love激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘Translation : Amores 爱的艺术---Ovid奥维德Ⅲ. William Shakespeare (1564-1616) 威廉·莎士比亚Frist period – five history plays:Henry VI,Parts I,II,and III 亨利六世（上，中，下）；Richard III 理查三世；Titus Andronicus 泰托斯·安东尼；four comedies:The Comedy of Errors 错误的喜剧；The Two Gentlemen of V erona维洛那二绅士；The Taming of the Shrew 驯悍记；Love’s Labour’s Lost 爱的徒劳；Second period – five histories: Richard II 理查二世；King John 约翰王；Henry IV, Parts I and II 亨利四世（上，下）；Henry V 亨利五世；six c omedies:A Midsummer Night’s Dream 仲夏夜之梦；The Merchant of V enice 威尼斯商人；Much Ado About Nothing 无事生非；As Y ou Like It 皆大欢喜；Twelfth Night 第十二夜；The Merry Wives of Windsor 温莎的风流娘儿们；two tragedies:Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶；Julius Caesar 裘利斯·凯撒Third period – his greatest tragedies:Hamlet 哈姆莱特；Othello奥赛罗；King Lear 李尔王；Macbeth 麦克白；Antony and Cleopatra 安东尼与克利奥佩特拉；Troilus and Cressida 特洛伊勒斯与克利西达；Coriolanus 科里奥拉那斯and his so-called dark comedies：All’s well That Ends Well 终成眷属；Measure for Measure 一报还一报The last period – principal romantic tragicomedies: Pericles 伯里克利；Cymbeline 辛白林；The Winter’s Tale 冬天的故事；The Tempest 暴风雨；two final plays: Henry VIII 亨利八世；The Two Noble Kinsmen 两位贵族亲戚Two long narrative poem: V enus and Adonis 维纳斯与安东尼斯(1593)；The Rape of Lucrece 鲁克里丝受辱记（1594）Sonnet 18 第18号十四行诗one of the most beautiful sonnetsⅣ.Francis Bacon (1561-1626) 弗兰西斯·培根philosopher scientist and essayist The Advancement of Learning (1605) 学术的进展Novum Organum(1620)新工具an enlarged Latin version of The Advancement of Learning Essays 散文集of Studies 论读书the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essaysApophthagmes New and Old (1625) 新旧格言集The History of the Reign of Henry VII(1622)亨利七世的统治The New Atlantis新大西岛；unfinishedMaxims of Law 法律原理The Learned Reading upon the Statue of Uses(1642) 法令使用读本Ⅴ. John Donne（1572-1631）约翰·邓恩metaphysical poetry 玄学派诗歌The Elegies and Satires 挽歌与讽刺；The Songs and Sonnets 歌与短歌Farewell to Love 告别爱情Holy Sonnets圣歌集；A Hymn to God the Father 圣父赞美诗The Sun Rising 升引的太阳Death, Be Not Proud 死神，休得狂妄written in the strict Petrarchan pattern 彼特拉克Ⅵ.John Milton约翰·弥尔顿（1608-1674）Paradis Lost (1665)失乐园the only generally acknowledge epic in English literature since BeowulfParadise Regained (1671)复乐园Samson Agonistes (1671)力士参孙the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in EnglishLycidas (1637)利西达斯composed for a collection of elegies dedicated to Edward King Areopagitica (1644) 论出版自由his most memorable prose3.The Neoclassical Period★Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that the former celebrates reason, rationality, order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expression of an individual’s feeling and experiences.Ⅰ.John Bunyan约翰·班杨（1628-1688）The Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程The V anity Fair 名利场Ⅱ. Alexander Pope 亚历山大·蒲柏（1688-1744）The Dunciad 群愚史诗An Essay on Criticism(1711) 论批评The Rape of the Lock (first version 1712) 夺法记An Essay on Man(1733-1734) 论人类Eloisa to Abelard(1717) 埃洛伊斯致亚伯拉德Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot (1735)Translate: Homer’s Iliad(1720)荷马伊利亚特Odysey(1726) 奥德赛；some Shakespeare’s plays(1713-1726)Ⅲ.Daniel Defoe（1660-1731）丹尼尔·笛福The Shortest Way with the Dissenters（1702）成为异教徒的捷径The True-born Englishman（1701）地地道道的英国人Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊漂流记Captain Singleton (1720) 辛利顿船长Moll Flanders(1722)莫尔·弗朗德斯Colonel Jack(1722) 杰克上校Roxana(1724)罗克萨那A Journal of the Plague Y ear (1722) 灾疫之前的日记Great Plague in 1664-1665 1664年到1665年大瘟疫Ⅳ.Jonathan Swift(1667-1745) 乔森特·斯威夫特A Tale of a Tub (1704)桶的故事The Battle of the Books(1704)书籍的战斗Gulliver’s Travels（1726）格列佛游记The Drapier’s Let ters(1724-1725) 德莱皮尔的信A Modest Proposal（1729）一个温和的建议Ⅴ.Henry Fielding (1707-1754) 亨利·菲尔丁Coffee-House Politician (1730)咖啡屋的政治家The Tragedy of Tragedies (1730)悲剧中的悲剧Pasquin (1736)巴斯昆The Historical Register for the Y ear 1736(1737) 1736年历史年鉴The Historical of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews and of his friend Mr. Abraham Adams (1742) 约瑟夫·安德鲁与亚伯拉罕·亚当斯历险记written in imitation of the manner of CervantesThe History of Jonathan Wild the Great （1743）伟大的乔纳森·怀尔德传记The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749)汤姆·琼斯，一个弃儿的故事The History of Amelia(1751)阿米莉亚传记Ⅵ.Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔·约翰逊（1709-1784）London（1738）伦敦The V anity of Human Wishes (1749)人类欲望的虚幻The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia (1759) 拉塞拉斯的历史，阿比西尼亚王子Irene (1749)艾琳The Rambler and The Idler随笔闲谈Lives of the Poets(1779-1781) 诗人传A Dictionary of the English Language (1755)英文大词典the author of the first English dictionary by an EnglishmanTo the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield 致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信Ⅶ.Richard Brinsley Sheridan(1751-1816)理查德·比·谢拉丹The Rivals （1775）情敌The School for Scandal（1777）造谣学校St.Patrick’s Day = the Scheming Lieutenant (1775)圣帕特里克日The Duenna (1775)杜安纳The Critic (1779)批评家Pizarro(1799)皮扎罗Ⅷ.Thomas Gray （1716-1771）托马斯·格雷Horace Walpole 沃尔波The Old Castle of Otranto奥特兰多古堡Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard (1751)写在教堂墓地的挽歌the Graveyard School 墓地诗歌Ode on the Spring (1742)春之颂Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College(1747)伊顿公学展望Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat (1748) 爱猫之死Hymn to Adversity(1742)逆境的赞歌Translation : The Descent of Odin (1761)；奥丁的血统The Fatal Sisters (1761)命运姐妹4.The Romantic Period浪漫主义时期Ⅰ.William Blake（1757-1827）威廉·布莱克Poetical Sketches(1783) 诗草The songs of Innocence(1809)天真之歌“The Chimney Sweeper ”扫烟囱小男孩His Songs of Experience (1794) 经验之歌“The Chimney Sweeper ”扫烟囱小男孩Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790) 天堂与地狱的结合The Book of Urizen(1794) 尤莱森之书The Book of Los(1795) 洛斯之书The Four Zoas(1796-1807) 四个挪亚Milton(1804-1820) 弥尔顿The Tyger 虎Ⅱ. William Wordsworth (1770-1850) 威廉·华兹华斯Lake Poets 湖畔诗人Robert Southey ，Samuel Taylor Coleridge；Lyrical Ballads (1798)抒情歌谣集Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔·泰勒·科勒津治and WordsworthA Phantom of Delight （1802）快乐的化身Descritptive Sketches, an Evening Walk(1793) 描绘速写，黄昏漫步The Prelude(1790-1805)序曲Poems in Two V olumes （1807）双卷诗Ode: Intimations of Immortality 颂歌：永存的暗示；Resolution and Independence 决心与独立autobiographical narrativeThe Excursion (1814)远足Poems: The Sparrow’s Nest麻雀巢;To a Skylark 致云雀; To the Cuckoo 致杜鹃; To a Butterfly 致蝴蝶; I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我如行云独自游；An Evening Walk傍晚漫步; My Heart Leaps up我心飞动；Tintern Abbey厅特恩教堂；The Thorn荆棘; The Sailor’s Mother水手的母亲; Michael 麦克尔;The Affliction of Margaret 玛格丽特所受的折磨;The Old Cumberland Beggar老坎伯兰的乞丐The Idiot Boy 白痴男孩;The Solitary Reaper孤独的收割者;To a Highland Girl致高地的姑娘；The Ruined Cottage 被摧毁的茅屋Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3,1802 威斯敏斯特桥即景1802年9月3日Lucy pomes 露西：She Dwelt Among the Untrodden ways 独自幽居Ⅲ. Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)塞·特·科勒津治Lyrical Ballads (1798)抒情歌谣集The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 古航海家之歌Kubla Khan忽必烈汉Christabel克丽斯塔贝尔Frost at Midnight子夜寒霜The Nightingale 夜莺Dejection, an Ode沮丧，一段颂歌Remorse 忏悔（1813）tragic dramaBiographia Literaria （1817）文学传记proseⅣ. George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)乔治·戈登·拜伦Edinburgh Review爱丁堡评论周刊Hours of Idleness 闲散的时光（1807）English Bards and Scotch Reviewers（1809）英格兰诗人与苏格兰诗评家Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage （1812）恰尔德·哈洛尔德游记Oriented Tales 东方故事集Childe Harold 哈洛尔德游记The Prisoner of Chillon（1816）齐伦的囚犯Manfred(1817)曼弗雷德Don Juan（1818-1823）唐·璜The Isles of Greece 哀希腊Cain (1821) 该隐verse dramaThe Island （1821）岛narrative poemThe V ision of Judgment （1822）审判的幻景attack on Southey ，political satireSong for the Luddites 路德党人之歌Ⅴ.Percy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822) 珀·比·雪莱The Necessity of Atheism（1811）无神论的必然性The Spirit of Solitude(1816) 孤独之精神Hymn to Intellectual Beauty(1816) 内秀之咏Mont Blanc(1816) 蒙特·布兰卡Julian and Maddalo (1818)朱利安与麦达罗The Revolt of Islam(1818) 伊斯兰的起义The Cenci (1819)钦契一家Prometheus Unbound（1819）解放的普罗米修斯Adonais (1821)阿多那伊斯Hellas(1822)赫拉斯A Defence of Poetry （1822）诗辩Love for freedom and hatred toward tyanny: Ode to Liberty 自由颂; Ode to Naples 那不勒斯颂Sonnet: England in 1819十四行诗：英格兰1819；Men of England致英格兰人民--- greatest political lyricsThe Cloud (1820)云之歌To a Skylark（1820）致云雀Ode to the West Wind (1819)西风颂Ⅵ. John Keats（1795-1821）约翰·济慈O n First Looking into Chapman’s Homer(1816)读恰普曼译荷马published in ExaminerSleep and Poetry(1817)睡与诗Endymion（1818）安狄弥翁Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes and Other Poems（1820）拉米亚·伊莎贝拉，圣阿格尼斯节前夕及其他诗歌：Ode on Melancholy; 忧郁颂Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂; Ode to a Nightingale 夜莺颂Ode to Psyche普赛克颂;To Autumn秋日颂；Hyperion 希波里恩(unfinished)Ⅶ.Jane Austen（1775-1817）简·奥斯汀Sense and Sensibility(1811) 理智与情感first novelPride and Prejudice （1813）傲慢与偏见=First ImpressionsMansfield Park（1814）曼斯菲尔德花园Emma （1815）埃玛Persuasion(1818)劝告Northanger Abbey(1818)诺桑觉寺Incomplete works: The Watsons (1923)沃特森一家Fragment of a Novel (1925)小说的未完稿Plan of a Novel（1926）小说的构思5.The Victorian Period 维多利亚时期Ⅰ.Charles Dickens(1812-1870)查尔斯·狄更斯Sketches by Boz(1836) 勃兹的速写The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club 皮克威克外传（1836-1837）Oliver Twist(1837-1838)雾都孤儿Nicholas Nickleby(1838-1839)尼古拉斯·尼克尔比The Pickwick Paper 皮克威克外传David Copperfield（1849-1850）大卫·科波菲尔Martin Chuzzlewit(1843-1845)马丁·瞿述伟Dombey and Son（1846-1848）董贝父子A Tale of Two Cities(1859)双城记Bleak House(1852-1853)荒凉山庄Little Dorrit(1855-1857)小多利特Hard Time(1854)艰难时刻Great Expectations(1860-1861)远大前程Our Mutual Friend(1864-1865)我们共同的朋友Ⅱ.The Bronte Sisters 勃朗蒂姐妹Charlotte Bronte（1816-1855）夏洛特·勃朗蒂Emily Bronte （1818-1848）艾米丽·勃朗蒂Ann Bronte(1820-1849) 安妮·勃朗蒂The Professor 教授(1847)；Charlotte；rejected by the publisher；1857 published posthumously Jane Eyre(1847)简·爱CharlotteAngrian 安格里昂Charlotte and their brother BranwellGondal 刚朵儿Emily and AnnePoems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell 科勒尔·艾丽斯·贝尔特诗集（1845）Charlotte Emily Anne Wuthering Heights (1847)呼啸山庄EmilyAgnes Grey(1847)阿格尼斯·格雷AnneThe Tenant of Wildfell Hall(1848) 维尔德费尔·霍的佃户Shirley 雪莉（1849）CharlotteVillette 维莱特（1853）CharlotteⅢ.Alfred Tennyson（1809-1892）阿尔弗雷德·丁尼生Poet Laureate桂冠诗人（1850）Chiefly Lyrical (1830) 抒情诗集Poems （1832）诗集Poems （1842）诗集Ulysses 尤利西斯dramatic monologue; Morte d’ Arthur 摩尔特·亚瑟epic narrative；Dora朵拉exquisite idylls; The Gardener’s Daughter 园丁的女儿The Princess （1847）公主blank verse 无韵体；Tears, Idle Tears 泪水，无聊的泪水；Come down, O Maid来吧，美人；The Splendor Falls壮美的瀑布；Sweet and Low 甜蜜与低缓In Memoriam(1850)悼念Maud 摩德抒情短歌集monodramaRizpah 里兹帕Enoch Arden 伊诺克·阿顿Merlin and the Gleam 魔法师与灵光Crossing the Bar跨越沙洲the fearlessness towards deathIdylls of the King 国王诗歌集（1842-1885）Break, Break, Break 浪花啪、啪、啪in memory of Tennyson’s best friend Arthur HallamⅣ. Robert Browning (1812-1889) 罗伯特·布朗宁Pauline(1833)保林Sordello(1840) 索德罗Dramatic Lyrics(1842)戏剧抒情诗Dramatic Romances and Lyrics(1845)戏剧浪漫诗与抒情诗Bells and Pomegranates (1846)铃铛与石榴树Men and Women (1855)男人与女人Dramatic Personae(1864)戏剧人物The Ring and the Book(1868-1869)指环与书Dramatic Idylls(1880) 戏剧田园诗Sonnets from the Portuguese 葡萄牙十四行诗Mrs.BrowningDramatic monologue 戏剧独白: Pippa Passes 匹帕·帕索斯;My Last Duchess我前一位公爵夫人; Fra Lippo Lippi芙拉·丽波·丽匹; The Bishop Orders His Tomb主教下令修陵; Porphyria’s Lover波菲莉娅的情人; A Grammarian’s Funeral语法学家的葬礼; The Ring and the Book 指环与书；Meeting at Night夜晚幽会Parting at Morning清晨告别Ⅴ.George Eliot（1819-1880）乔治·艾略特translation ：Leben Jesu(life of Jesus) 耶稣的一生；Ethics 伦理学Spinoza; Das Wesen des Christentums(The Essence of Christianity)基督教的精髓Scenes of Clerical Life 牧师生活一瞥Adam Bede(1859)亚当·贝德The Mill on the Floss(1860)弗洛斯河上的磨房Silas Marner(1861)织工拉斯·马奈尔Romola （1863）罗摩拉Felix Holt, the Radical 菲利克斯·霍特，一个激进派only novel on English politicsMiddle march (1872) 米德尔马契Daniel Deronda（1876）丹尼尔?德隆达 a preachment against anti-SemitismⅥ.Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) 托马斯·哈代Desperate Remedies（1871）计出无奈Under the Greenwood Tree（1872）格林伍德的绿林荫下Far from the Madding Crowd（1874）远离尘嚣Tess of the D’Urbervilles(1891)德伯家的苔丝Jude the Obscure(1896)无名的裘德The Dynasts 列王a long epic-drama about the Napoleonic WarsThe Return of the Native(1878)还乡The Trumpet Major(1880)号兵长The Mayor of Casterbridge(1886)卡斯特桥市长The Woodlanders(1887)林地居民6.The Modern Period 现代时期Ⅰ.George Bernard Shaw 乔治·萧伯纳（1856-1950）Cashel Byron’s Profession(1886) 卡歇尔·拜伦的职业Our Theaters in the Nineties (1931) 九十年代的英国戏剧Widower’s Houses(1892) 鳏夫的房产Mrs . Warren’s Profession(1893~1898)沃伦夫人的职业Candida(1895)堪迪达Caesar and Cleopatra(1898) 凯撒与克利奥佩特拉St . Joan (1923) 圣女贞德Man and Superman(1904) 人与超人Back to Methuselah(1921) 回归玛士撒拉The Apple Cart(1929) 苹果车about politicsJohn Bull’s Other Island(1904) 约翰·布尔的另外岛屿about racial problemPygmalion(1912) 皮格马利翁about culture and artabout the problem of family and marriage：Getting Married (1908) 结婚；Misalliance(1910) 不合适的婚姻；Fanny’s First Play (1911) 法妮的第一场戏The Doctor’s Dilemma (1906) 医生的进退两难about the ignorance，incompetence, arrogance and bigotry of the medical professionToo True to Be Good(1932) 难以置信How He Lied to Her Husband 他是怎样欺骗她的丈夫的Ⅱ.John Galsworthy（1867-1933）约翰·高尔斯华绥From the Four Winds (1897)来自四位吹奏者a volume of short storiesThe man of Property(1906)财主The Silver Box (1906)银盒The Forsyte SagaⅠ弗尔塞特世家三部曲Ⅰ: The Man of Property财主；In Chancery(1920) 骑虎难下；To Let (1921)出租；The Forsyte SagaⅡ: A Modern Comedy(1929)现代戏剧The Forsyte Saga Ⅲ: End of the Chapter （posthumously 1934）篇章末尾Ⅲ. William Butler Yeats(1865-1939) 威廉·巴特勒·叶芝The Lake Isle of Innisfree 茵尼斯弗莉的湖中沙洲The Man Who Dreamed of Faeryland 梦想仙境的人No Second Troy 没有第二个特洛伊September 1913 1913年9月Sailing to Byzantium 驶向拜占庭Leda and the Swan 丽达与天鹅The countess Cathleen(1892) 凯瑟琳伯爵夫人Cathleen ni Houlihan(1902) 凯瑟琳·尼·霍利翰The Land of Heart’s Desire(1894) 心欲的土地The Shadowy Waters(1900)布满荫影的水域Purgatory（1935）炼狱Down by the Salley Gardens 来到柳园= An Old Song Resung老歌新唱Ⅳ. T.S.Eliot （1888-1965）T·S·艾略特The Criterion（1922）标准the editor; Nobel Prize; the Order of MeritThe Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock (1915) J·A·布鲁富劳克的情歌The Egoist（1917-1919）自我主义者The Waste Land(1922)荒原Poems 1909-25(1925)1909至1925年诗歌总集Prufrock and Other Observation(1917) 布鲁富劳克与其它情况Prufrock 布鲁富劳克a poem of dramatic monologueGerontion 衰老The Hollow Men 空洞的人Ash Wednesday(1930)星期三的烟灰Four Quartets(1944)四个四重奏Murder in the Cathedral(1935)教堂里的谋杀The Family Reunion(1939)家人团圆The Cocktail Party(1950)鸡尾酒会The Confidential Clerk(1954)机要人员The Elder Statesman(1959)年长的政客Tradition and Individual Talent传统与个人天才essayⅤ.D.H. Lawrence （1885-1930）戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯Sons and Lovers(1913)儿子与情人autobiographical novelThe White Peacock(1911)白孔雀The Trespasser(1912)过客The Rainbow(1915)虹Women in Love(1920)恋爱中的女人Aaron’s Rod(1922) 亚伦神杖Kangaroo(1923)袋鼠The Plumed Serpent(1926) 羽蛇Lady Chatterley’s Lover(1928)查泰莱夫人的情人Short stories:St. Mawr 圣摩尔;The Daughter of the V icar 主教的女儿;The Horse Dealer’s Daughter贩马人的女儿;The Captain’s Doll 船长的娃娃;The Prussian Officer 普鲁士军官;The Virgin and the Gypsy贞女和吉卜赛人The Lawrence trilogy: A Collier’s Friday Night(1909)矿工的周五夜晚;The Daughter-in-Law(1912)儿媳;The Widowing of Mrs.Holroyed(1914)守寡的霍尔罗伊德夫人Ⅵ.James Joyce 詹姆斯·乔伊斯（1882-1941）Dubliners(1914)都柏林人Araby阿拉比A Portrait of the Artist as a Y oung Man（1916）艺术家年轻时代的肖像Ulysses(1922)尤利西斯Finnegans Wake(1939)菲尼根斯·韦克American1.The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期Ⅰ. Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文（1783-1859）early Romantic writer in the American literary history and Father of the American short storiesThe Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent.（1802-1803）江奈生·欧德斯黛尔先生书信集A History of New Y ork from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty (1809)自古至荷兰人占领为止的纽约史The Sketch Book(1819-1820)见闻札记―Rip V an Winkle‖瑞普·凡·温克尔‖The Legend of Sleepy Hollow‖睡谷的传说Bracebridge Hall(1822)布雷斯桥之厅堂Tales of a Traveler (1824)一个旅行者的故事The Alhambra(1832)艾尔哈布拉Spanish Sketch bookⅡ.Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882)拉尔夫·华尔多·爱默生a transparent eyeball 透明眼球Nature(1836)论自然first little bookThe Dial日晷edit for a time the Transcendental journalEssays(1841)散文集‖The American Scholar‖（1837）论美国学者;‖Self-Reliance‖论自助;‖The Over-Soul‖论超灵Second Series(1844) 散文续集‖The Poet‖论诗人；‖Experience‖论经验Thoreau (1817-1862) embraced Emerson’s idea Walden（1854）沃尔登Ⅲ.Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑（1804-1864）interior of the heart ;most ambivalent writerTwice-Told Tales(1837)尽人皆知的故事a collection of short storiesMosses from an Old Manse(1846)古屋青苔The Scarlet Letter(1850)红字The Custom-House 海关----an introductory note to The Scarlet LetterThe Snow-Image and Other Twice-Told Tales(1851)雪的形象及其他尽人皆知的故事The House of the Seven Gables(1851)有七个尖角阁的房子The Blithedale Romance(1852)福谷传奇The Marble Faun(1860)玉石雕像Y oung Goodman Brown 小伙子布朗The Minister’s Black V eil 牧师的黑面纱The Birthmark胎记Rappaccini’s Daughter拉帕西尼的女儿Ⅳ.Walt Whitman 沃尔特·惠特曼(1819-1892) both the Revolutionary War in the United States and the Civil WarLeaves of Grass 草叶集Drum Taps(1865)鼓点When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院子丁香花开时There was a Child Went Forth 有个孩子在长大Cavalry Crossing a Ford骑兵过河the Drum-Taps sectionSong of Myself 自我之歌Ⅴ.Herman Melville 赫尔曼·麦尔维尔（1819-1891）Moby-Dick(1851)白鲸Chapter 135 . The Chase – Third Day第135章：追鲸----第三天Billy Budd 比利·伯德（1924）Typee(1846)泰比Omoo(1847)奥穆Mardi(1849)玛地Redburn(1849)雷得本semi-authobiographicalWhite Jacket(1850)白外衣Pierre(1852)皮埃尔Bartley, the Scrivener 文书巴特勒比Short storyBenito Cereno 本尼托·切利诺novellaThe Confidence-Man自信人（1857）2.The Realistic Period现实主义时期Local colors: Mark Twain; Sarah Orne Jewett沙拉·奥恩·朱威特; Joseph Kirkland约瑟夫·克科兰德; Hamlin Garland汉姆林·加兰德;Ⅰ. Mark Twain 马克·吐温（1835~1910）H.L. Mencken consider “the true father of our national literature”The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Country （1865）加拉维县有名的跳蛙frontier tale Innocents Abroad (1869) 傻瓜出国记Roughing It (1872) 含辛茹苦The Gilded Age (1873) 镀金时代The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) 汤姆·索亚历险记Life on the Mississippi(1883)密西西比河上的生活Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)哈克贝利·芬历险记A Connection Y ankee in King Arthur’s Court (1889) 亚瑟王宫廷中的美国佬The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson (1894) 布丁·海德威尔逊的悲剧The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg (1900) 败坏哈德莱堡的人The Mysterious Stranger (1916) 神秘的陌生人Ⅱ.Henry James 亨利·詹姆斯(1843~1916) the first American writer to conceive his career in international termsThe American(1877) 美国人Daisy Miller (1878) 黛西·米勒In The Europeans(1878) 欧洲人The Portrait of A Lady (1881) 贵妇人的画像The Bostonians (1886) 波士顿人The Princess Casamassima (1886) 卡撒玛西玛公主Short fiction:The Private Life(1893) 私生活；The Death of a Lion (1894) 狮之死；The Middle Y ears (posthumously 1917)中年Another Short fiction:Turn of the Screw(1898) 螺丝在拧紧；The Beast in the Jungle (1903)丛林猛兽What Maisie Knows(1897)梅西所知道的The Wings of the Dove(1902)鸽翼The Ambassadors (1903)专使The Golden Bowl (1904)金碗Essay: The Art of Fiction 小说的艺术Ⅲ.Emily Dickinson （1830-1886）艾米莉·狄金森1775 poems ,only sevenappeared during her lifetime; letter to the worldThis is My Letter to the World 这是我给世人的书信I heard a Fly buzz---when I died---我死时----听见一只苍蝇嗡鸣I like to see it lap the Miles---我喜欢看它舔食着一路向前Because I could not stop for Death—因为我不能为死神停下Ⅳ.Theodore Dreiser 西奥多·德莱赛(1871-1945) one of American’s literary naturalistShort fictions: Nigger Jeff 黑人杰夫;Old Rogaum and His Theresa 老罗高姆和他的特丽萨; Sister Carrie(1900)嘉莉妹妹The Way of the Beaten:A Harp in the Wind失败者之路：寒风中的竖琴Jennie Gerhardt (1911)詹妮·杰哈特TRILOGY of Desire: 欲望三部曲The Financier(1912) 金融家；The Titan (1914) 巨头；The Stoic (posthumously 1947) 斯多葛The Genius（1915）天才An American Tragedy (1925)美国悲剧Dreiser Looks at Russia （1928）德莱塞眼中的俄国3. The Modern Period 现代时期Ⅰ. Ezra Pound 埃兹拉?庞德（1885-1972）Imagist Movement 意像主义运动The translations of Ezra Pound (1953) 埃兹拉?庞德译诗集Confucius （1969）孔子Shih-Ching (1954) 诗经The Cantos （1917-1959）诗章Collect of Early Poems of Ezra Pound (1982) 埃兹拉?庞德早期诗集Personae (1909) 人物Hugh Selwyn Mauberley (1920) 休.赛尔温.莫伯利In a Station of the Metro地铁站一瞥The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter 河商的妻子A Pact 盟约Critical essays ：Make It New (1934) 推陈出新；Literary Essays (1954) 论文散文集；The ABC of Reading (1934) 阅读入门；Polite Essays(1937) 论礼教文集Ⅱ.Robert Lee Frost罗伯特?李?弗洛斯特(1874~1963) Pulitzer Prize winner on four occasionsThe Road Not TakenA Boy’s Will (1913) 一个男孩的愿望North of Boston （1914）波斯顿以北Mending the Wall 补墙Home Burial 家葬Mountain Interval （1916）山间低地“The Road Not Taken”没有走的路“Birches”白桦；New Hampshire（1923）新罕布什尔―Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening‖雪野林边停First Pulitzer PrizesWest-Running Brook (1928)西流之溪Collected Poems (1930) 诗集Second Pulitzer PrizesA Further Range (1935)更远的境界Third Pulitzer PrizesA Witness Tree （1942）证人树“The Gift Outright”直率的礼物Fourth Pulitzer PrizesA Masque of Reason (1945)理性假面剧A Masque of Mercy (1947)怜悯假面剧After Apple-Picking 摘苹果后The Road Not Taken未选择的路Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening雪夜林边停Ⅲ. Eugene O’Neill尤金?奥尼尔(1888~1953)the only dramatist ever to win a Nobel PrizeBound East for Cardiff (1916) 驶向东边的卡尔笛福Beyond the Horizon （1920）天外边First Pulitzer Prize 普利策文学奖The Straw (1921) 草Anna Christie （1921）安娜?克里斯蒂1920-1924 symbolic expressionism 象征表现主义：The Emperor Jones(1920) 琼斯皇帝；The Hairy Ape(1922) 毛猿；All God’s Chillun Got Wings (1924) 所有上帝烟斗都有翅膀；Desire Under the Elms (1924) 榆树下的欲望Non-realistic forms非现实主义：The Great God Brown (1926) 伟大的布朗；Lazarus Laughed (1927) 拉扎拉斯笑了Strange Interlude（1928）奇怪的幕间戏Third Pulitzer PrizeThe Iceman Cometh （1946）冰人来了L ong Day’s Journey Into Night (1956) 直到夜晚的漫长的一天Ⅳ.F .Scott Fitzgerald F.司格特.菲茨杰拉德(1896~1940)Literary spokesman of the Jazz AgeThis Side of Paradise(1920)人间天堂The Beautiful and Damned(1922) 美丽而遭骂的人The Great Gatsby（1925）了不起的盖茨比Tender Is the Night（1934）夜色温柔The Last Tycoon （1940）最后的巨头unfinishedShort-story: Flappers and Philosophers (1921)吹捧者与哲学家;Tales of the Jazz Age (1922)爵士时代的故事; All the Sad Y oung Men (1926)所有悲惨的小伙子; Taps and Reveille (1935)里维尔的鼓点; Babylon Revisited重访巴比伦Ⅴ.Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特.海明威(1899~1961)In Our Time (1925) 在我们的时代里The Sun Also Rises(1926)太阳照样升起first true novelA Farewell to Arms(1929)永别了，武器For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)The Old Man and the Sea (1952)老人与海Men Without Women (1927)没有女人的男人，collection of short stories, ―The Undefeated‖战不败的人；‖The Killers‖杀手；‖Fifty Grand‖五十个大人物；In Death in the Afternoon (1932)死在下午The Green Hills of Africa(1935)美国的绿山The Snow of Kilimanjaro (1936)乞力马扎罗之雪Have and Have Not (1937) 有钱人和没钱人Indian Camp印第安人营地one of fourteen short stories collected under the title of In Our Time.Ⅵ.William Faulkner 威廉.福克纳(1897~1962)The Marble Faun(1924) 玉石雕像Soldiers’ Pay （1926）士兵的薪水Sartoris (1929) 萨托黑斯The Sound and the Fury（1929）喧哗与骚动As I Lay Dying (1930) 我弥留之际Light in August(1932)八月之光Absalom, Absalom!(1936) 押沙龙，押沙龙！Wild Palms(1939)疯狂的手掌The Hamlet (1940)小屋Two novels consisting of stories which are thematically interwoven: The Unvanquished （1938）未被征服者；Go Down, Moses(1942)摩西，走下去Intruder in The Dust (1948)红尘入侵者；anti-racist；Nobel PrizeRequiem for a Nun(1951) 修公安魂曲The Fable (1954)寓言The Town (1957)城镇The Mansion(1959)豪宅A Rose for Emily 给爱米莉的玫瑰。
英美文学学习笔记-The_Romantic_Period-EL
Chapter 3 The Romantic Period-the English LiteratureA basic introduction to the romantic period.1) Began in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott's death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament.2) what are the characxteristics of the Romantic literature? A) In poetry writing, the Romantics employed new theories and innovated new techniques, for example, the preface to the second edition of the "Lyrical Ballads"acts as a manifesto for the new school B)The Romantics not only extol the faculty ofBallads acts as a manifesto for the new school. B) The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also elevate the concepts of spontaneity and inspiration. C) They regarded nature as the major source of poetic imagery and the dominant subject. D) Romantics also tend to be nationalistic.3) The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, shelley and Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution.4) We can say that Romanticism actually consitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer 1) Literarily Blake was the first important Romantic poet , shwoing a contempt for the rule of reason,i th l i l t diti f th 18th t d t i th i di id l'i i ti)y y gworld of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit. In essence it designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience.William Blakeopposing the classical tradition of the 18th century, and treasuring the individual's imagination.2) The Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings; his Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery,poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone .3) particularly the practice of selling young children into apprenticeships, a practice which provides the context for the opening lines of the "Chimney Sweeper." The two "Chimney Sweeper" poems are good examples to reveal the relation between an economic circumstance,i.e.the exploitation of child labor,examples to reveal the relation between an economic circumstance, i.e. the exploitation of child labor,and an ideological cir cumstance, i.e. the role played by religion in making people compliant to exploitation. The poem from the Songs of Innocence indicates the conditions which make religion a consolation, a prospect of "illusory happiness;" the poem from the Songs of Experience reveals the true nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor children.4) Blake's Marriage of Heaven and Hell marks his entry into maturity(天堂与地狱的结合一诗标志着他创作上的成熟).5) The Bok of Urizen, The Book of Los, The Four Zoas, and Milton (尤来森之书，洛斯之书，四个左义斯，弥尔顿）。
英国文学3
接着19楼把剩下的贴完.29. Early in the 1920s , the most prominent of the new Americna playwrights ______ establish an international reputation .A. Eugene O'NeilB. Ezra PoundC. Robert Lee FrostD. William Faukner30. Pound was the leader of a new movement in Poetry which he called " _______ " movement .A. ImagistB. EnlightenmentC. RenaissanceD. Transcendental31. The theme of _____ is not " Arms and the Man " , but something more romantic : " Fierce warrior and faithful loves " .A. The Shepherdes CalenderB. Epith AlamionC. The Faerie QueenD. The Canterbury Tales32. In his The Advancement of Learning , ____ divided knowledge into two kinds : the one obtained from Divine Revelation , and the other from the workings of human mind .A. ChaucerB. Francis BaconC. Edmund SpenserD. John Milton33. ________ 's literary achievements can be divided into three groups , the early poetic works , the middle prose pamphlets and the last great poems .A. William ShakespeareB. Christopher MarloweC. John DonneD. John Milton34. The Romantic period is an age of _____ . Blake , Wordswroth , Coleridge , Byron , Shelley and Keats are the major Romantic poets .A. novelB. dramaC. essayD. poem35. Percy Bysshe Shelley is one of the leading _______ poets , an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language .A. realisticB. symbolicC. romanticD. imagist36. In his ________ , Shelley eulogized the powerful west wind and expressed his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality .A. Promethus UnboundB. Ode to the West WindC. AdonaisD. In Defence of Poetry37. My last Dutchessis ______ 's best known dramatic monologue .A. Alfred TennysonB. T.S. EliotC. Thomas GrayD. Robert Browning38. Though Naturalism seems to have played an important part in _______ 's works , there is also a bitter and sharp criticism and even open challenge of the Victorian institutions .A. John GalsworthyB. Charles DickensC. Thomas HardyD. D. H. Lawrence39. ________ 's famous metaphor of " a transparent eyeball " is employed to illustrate his philosophical discussion .A. HawthornB. MelvilleC. EmersonD. Irving40. _________ has always been considered a monumental work with commands great attention because of its uniquely poetic embodiment of American democratic ideals .A. Leaves of GrassB. NatureC. In a Station of the MetroD. After Apple -Picking高等自学考试指定教材冲刺模拟试卷(英语专业)英美文学选读(四)1.The English Renaissance was perhaps England's ______ Age , especially in literature .A. GoldenB. FruitfulC. VolcanicD. Dark2. In the early part of the medieval period in English literature , i.e. from 1006 up to the mid-14th century , there was not much to say about literature in English , for it was almost a ______ period in literary creation .A. flourishingB. barrenC. historicalD. romantic3. The play Romeo and Juliet , though a tragedy , is permeated with _____ spirit .A. optimisticB. sadC. pessimisticD. just4. ______ , written by Alexander Pope satirized the idle and artifical life of the aristocracy .A. The Rape of the LockB. The Rape of LucreceC. The school for ScandalD. Every Man in His Humor5. In the " Preface " to the second edition of the _______ , william Wordsworth asserted that poetry , originates from " emotion recollected in tranquility " .A. Biographia LiterariaB. Confessions of an English Opium EaterC. Lyrical BalladsD. Don John6. In 1812 the publication of the first two cantos of ______ , a poem narrating Byron's travels between 1809 and 1811 in Europe , brought the poet fame .A. Childe Harold's PilgrimageB. Don JohnC. CainD. Hours of Idleness高等自学考试指定教材冲刺模拟试卷(英语专业)英美文学选读(五)1. In the early stage of the Englsih Renaissance , poetry and ______ were the most outstanding forms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Jonson .A. fictionB. dramatic fictionC. poetic dramaD. novel2. Thematically the poem Beowulf presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile force of the ______ world under a wise and mighty ____ .A. spiritual / heroB. natural/ leaderC. spiritual /godD. natural/ monster3. William Shakespeare's greatest tragedies are : Hamlet , _____ , king Lear and ______ .A. Romeo and Juliet / OthelloB. Othello / MacdbethC. The Tempest / MacbethD. Othello / Henry IV4. _______ compiled the The Dictionary of the English Language , the English dictionary compliled by an Englishman .A. Ben JohnsonB. Samuel JohnsonC. Alexander PopeD. John Donne5. The solitary Reaper written by _____ uses a rural figure to suggest the timeless mystery of sorrowful humanity and its radiant beauty .A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. William WordsworthC. John KeatsD. George Gordon Byron6. Best of all the well-know lyric pieces written by P.B. Shelley is the poet's ____ , for here is rhapsodic and declamatory tendencies find a subject perfectly suited to him .A. To a SkylarkB. The CloudC. Ode to the West WindD. Ode to a Nightingale7. The English Romantic Age began with the publication of the Lyrical Ballads which was written by _______ .A. William WordsworthB. wordsworth and ColeridgeC. George Gorden ByronD. Perch Bysshe Shelley8. In the last few decades of the Victorian period , _____ , the pioneering woman was the first novelist who , according to D.H. Lawrence " started putting all the actions aside" .A. Charlotte BronteB. Emily BronteC. George EliotD. Jane Austen9. Thomas Hardy 's novels are all Victorian in date . Most of them are set in ______ , the fictional primitive and crude rural region which is really the home place he both loves and hates .A. SussexB. WessexC. CasterbridgeD. Oxford10. In the novel Tess of the D' Urbervilles , naturalistic tendency is also strong , in a way , Tess seems to be led to her final destruction step by ______ .A. NatureB. GodC. ManD. Fate11. Modernism takes the ______ philosophy and the theory of psychoanalysis as its theoretical base . The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted , alienated and ill relationships between man and nature , man and himself .A. irrationalB. classicalC. rationalD. optimistic12. The frank discussion of ____ in his novel Lady Chatterley's Lover is the chief reason why D.H. Lawrence had been accused of pornographic writing.A. livingB. deathC. sexD. love13. The novel The Man of Propertycenters itself on the _____ triangle .A. Soames --Irene--BosinneyB. Jame--Irene--BosinneyC. Forstyte --Irene--BosinneyD. Bosinney --Jame --Forsyte14. In the section part of the novel Sons and Lovers , the closeness between _________ , the hero of the story , and his mother , _______ , develops after the death of his elder brother , William , and his own illness .A. Paul /ClaraB. Paul / Mrs. MorelC. Stephen / MiriamD. Paul / Lara15. In the early nineteenth century , the attitude of American writers were shaped by their New World environment and an array of ideas inherited from the _____ tradition of Europe.A. romanticB. realisticC. symbolicD. modern16. ________ exalted feeling over reason , individual expression over the restraints of law and custom .A. EnlightenmentB. RenaissanceC. ModernismD. Transcendentalism17. _______ had an evident influence on naturalism it seemed to stress the animality of man , to suggest that he was dominated by the irresistible forces of evolution .A. DarwinismB. RealismC. TranscendentalismD. Romanticism18. The result of Mark Twain's European trip was series of newspaper articles , later published as a book called _______ .A. Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. Gilded AgeC. Innocent AbroadD. An American Tragedy19. Hemingway was badly wounded in Italy and sent to a hospital where he fell in love with a nurse . These two persons later became the characters of his novel ______ .A. The Old Man and the SeaB. For Whom the Bell TollsC. The Sun Also RisesD. A Farewell to Arms20. _______ wrote about the society in the south by inventing families which represented different social forces : the old decaying upper class ; the rising , ambitious , unscrupulous class of the " Poor Whites "; and the Negroes who laboured for both of them .A. FaulknerB. FitzgeraldC. HemingwayD. Steinbeck21. " Beowulf " , a typical example of the Old English poetry , is regarded today as the national ______ of the Anglo-Saxons .A. epicB. novelC. playD. song22. The pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan's style was modeled after that of the English ______ .A. historyB. religionC. societyD. Bible23. English Romanticism is generally said to begin in 1798 with the publication of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge's _____ .A. Lyrical BalladsB. Declaration of Rights of ManC. Reflections on the Revolution in FranceD. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman24. ________ , the woman novelist of the Victorian period , is the pseudonym of Mary Ann Evans .A. Jane AustenB. Charlottle BronteC. Emily BronteD. George Eliot25. The man of Property is the first novel of the Forsyte trilogies written by _______ .A. D. H. LawrenceB. Charles DickensC. John GalsworthyD. John Milton26. Sons and Lovers is a novel written by ______ .A. D. H. LawrenceB. James JoyceC. Thomas HardyD. T.S. Eliot27. In 1836 , a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America . It was entitled Nature by______ .A. Washington IrvingB. Ralph Waldo EmersionC. Natheniel HawthorneD. Walt Whitman28. Moby Dick written by _____ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale .A. Mark TwainB. Henry JamesC. Herman MelvilleD. Theodore Dreiser29. Fitzgerald's novel ____ is a story of an idealist who was destroyed by the influence of the wealthy , pleasure-seeking people aground him .A. The Side of ParadiseB. Tender Is the NightC. The American DreamD. The great Gatsby30. With the publication of the Sun Also Rises , ______ became the spokesman for what Gertrude Stein had called " a Lost Generation " .A. F.S. FitzgeraldB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulkenerD. Ezra Pound31. In Canto I, Book I of The Faerie Queen the Redcross Knight symbolizes the church of England , and he is the protector of the Virgin Una who stands for ____ or the true religion .A. loveB. friendshipC. truthD. honest32. Paradise Regained shows how mankind in the person of ______ , withstands the Tempter and is established once more in the divine favor .A. GodB. ZeusC. ChristD. Santa Claus33. The purpose of _____ is to urge people to abid by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weakness and all kind of social evils .A. The Pilgrim's ProgressB. Paradise LostC. Robinson CrusoeD. Gulliver's Travels34. ________ paints a different world , a world of misery , poverty , disease , war and repression with a melancholy tone .A. Oliver TwistB. A Tale of Two CitiesC. Songs of InnocenceD. Songs of Experience35. ______ 's Ode to a Nightingale expresses the contrast between the happy world of natural loveliness and human world of agony .A. William WordsworthB. John KeatsC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Percy Bysshe Shelley36. Oliver Twist is a ______ whose parentage is unknown and is brought up in the workhouse where the orphans are maltreated and constantly starved .A. girlB. boyC. ladyD. gentleman37 . The major themes of the ______ literature are the distorted , alienated and ill relationships between woman and nature , man and society , man and woman , and man and himself .A. realisticB. symbolicC. modernD. classic38. Ralph Waldo Emerson is generally known as an essayist . During all his life he worked steadily at a succession of ____ .A. novelsB. playsC. poemsD. essays39. In There Was a Child Went Forth , Whitman's own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young , growing ______ .A. AmericaB. EnglandC. GreekB. Roman40. ______ turns out to be a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe , a spirited exploration into the man's deep reality and psychology .A. Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB. The Great GatsbyC. Moby DickD. The Scarlet Letter。
The Romantic Period (真题答案)
Multiple Choices(200504)1. In his poem “Tyger, Tyger,” William Blake expresses his perception of the “fearful symmetry” of the big cat. The phrase “fearful symmetry” suggests ( )A. the tiger’s two eyes which are dazzlingly bright and symmetrically s etB. the poet’s fear of the predatorC. the analogy of the hammer and the anvilD. the harmony of the two opposite aspects of God’s creation2. “What is his name?”“Bingley.”“Is he married or single?”“Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of la rge fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”The above dialogue must be taken from ( ).A. Jane Austen’s Pride and PrejudiceB. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering HeightsC. John Galsworthy’s The Forsyte SagaD. George Eliot’s Midd lemarch3. William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following except ( ).A. the using of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the humble and rustic life as subject matterD. elegant wording and inflated figures of speech4. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” is an epigrammatic line by（）.A. J. KeatsB. W. BlakeC. W. WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley5. The poems such as “The Chimney Sweeper” are found in both Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience by ( ).A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. John KeatsD. Lord Gordon Byron(200604)6. In subject matter, William Wordsworth’s poems have two major concerns. One is about nature. The other is about ( ).A. French RevolutionB. literary theoryC. deathD. common life of ordinary people7. Through the character of Elizabeth, Jane Austen emphasizes the importance of ( ) for women.A. marriageB. physical attractivenessC. independence and self-confidenceD. submissive character8. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is love and marriage. Which of the following is not a couple that appeared in Pride and Prejudice?A. Catherine and HeathcliffB. Lydia and WickhamC. Jane and BinleyD. Charlotte and Collins9. The sentence “three or four families in a country village are the very thing to work on” can best reflect the writer’s personal knowledge and range of writing. This writer is ( ).A. Walter ScottB. Thomas HardyC. Jane EyreD. Jane Austen(200607)10. In contrast to the Enlighteners, Romanticists regarded man as ( ).A. a social animalB. an evil creatureC. an individual with potential qualitiesD. a brutal animal11. “As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.Oh! Lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!”This part of stanza is taken from ( ).A.P.B. Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind”B.G.G. Byron’s “Song for the Luddites”C.S.T. Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan”D.W. Wordsworth’s “The Solitary Reaper”12. It is the publication of ( ) that brought George Gordon Byron fame. Byron himself once commented on it by saying “I awoke one morning and found myself famous.”A. Hours of IdlenessB. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage P193C. Don JuanD. Manfred(200704)13. It is generally regarded that Keats’ s most important and mature poems are in the form of______________.A．ode P217B．elegyC．epic D．sonnet14. Which of the following poems is a landmark in English poetry?A．Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge P175B．“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William WordsworthC．“Remorse ”by Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD．Leaves of Grass Walt Whitman15. The literary form which is fully developed and the most flourishing during the Romantic Period is______________.A．prose B．dramaC．novel D．poetry(200707)16. Which of the following is taken from John Keats’s “Ode on a Grecian Urn”?A. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind”?B. “For Godsake hold your tongue, and let me love.”C. “Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard/Are sweeter”P220D. “The Child is father of the Man.”17. Of the following poets, which is not regarded as “Lake Poets”?A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SoutheyC. William WordsworthD. George Gordon Byron P17518. The four great odes of John Keats include the following EXCEPT ______.A. “Ode on Melancholy”B. “Ode on a Grecian Urn”C. “Ode to a Nightingale”D. “Ode to the West Wind”(200804)19. William Blake’s central concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience is_______, which givesthe two books a strong social and historical reference.A．youthhood B．childhoodC．happiness D．sorrow20. “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good for-tune, must be in want of a wife.” The quoted part is taken from ______.A．Jane Eyre B．Wuthering HeightsC．Pride and Prejudice D．Sense and Sensibility21. Because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior, ______ has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its maturity.A．Charlotte Brontë B．Jane AustenC．Emily Brontë D．Ann Radcliffe22. Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama ______, which is an exultant work in praise of humankind’s potential.A．Adonais B．Queen MabC．Prometheus Unbound P208D．A Defence of Poetry23. The assertion that poetry originates from “emotion recollected in tranquility” belongs to ______. A．William Wordsworth B．Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC．Robert Southey D．William Blake24. All of the following poems by William Wordsworth are masterpieces on nature EXCEPT __D____.A．“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”B．“An Evening Walk”C．“Tintern Abbey”D．“The Solitary Reaper”P17725. English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have ended in 1832 with______.A．the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament P157B．the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical BalladsC．the publication of T．S．Eliot’s The waste LandD．the passage of the Bill of Rights in the Parliament(200807)26.The major British Romantic poets Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley and Keats started a rebellion a gainst the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as _____.A. the poetic romanceB. the poetic movementC. the poetic revolutionD. the poetic reformation?27. Jane Austen’s main literary concern is about ______.A. human beings in their personal relationships P223B. the love story between the rich and the poorC. maturity achieved through the loss of illusionsD. the daily country life of the upper-middle-class English28. Among the following British Romantic poets ______ is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. George Gordon ByronD. John Keats29. All of the following poets are regarded as “Lake Poets” EXCEPT _D_____.A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SoutheyC. William WordsworthD. William Blake30. The declaration that “I know that This World is a World of IMAGINATION & Vision，” and that “The Nat ure of my work is visionary or imaginative’’ belongs to ______.A. William Blake P170B. William WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. George Gordon Byron31. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?’’ The quoted line comes from ______.A. Shelley’s“Ode to the West Wind’’B. Walt Whitman’s Leaves of GrassC. John Milton’s Paradise LostD. John Keats’“Ode on a Grecian Urn”(200904)?32. “Byronic hero” is a figure of the following traits EXCEPT ______.A. being proudB. being of humble origin P195C. being rebelliousD. being mysterious(200907)36. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is_____.A. love and moneyB. money and social statusC. social status and marriageD. love and marriage37. Wordsworth’s_____ is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature.A. “To a Skylark”B. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”P177C. “An Evening Walk”D. “My Heart Leaps Up”38. William Blake’s work ______ marks his entry into maturity.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Marriage of Heaven and Hell P169C. Songs of InnocenceD. The Book of Los39. Best of all the Romantic well- known lyric pieces is Shell ey’s_____.A. “The Cloud”B. “To a Skylark”C. “Ode to a Nightingale”D. “Ode to the West Wind”P20740. English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have begun with the publication of Wordsworth and Co leridge’s_____.A. Poetical SketchesB. A Defence of PoetryC. Lyrical BalladsD. The Prelude(201004)41. Shelley’ s political lyrics ______ is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to rise up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation.A. “Ode to Liberty”B. “Ode to Naples”C. “Ode to the West Wind”D. “Men of England”42. Jane Austen’ s practical idealism is that love should be justified by ______ and di sciplined by self-control.A. reasonB. senseC. rationalityD. sensibility（容易犯错的，不可靠的）？43. “Where intelligence was fallible, limited, the Imagination was our hope of contact with eternal forces, with the whole spiritual world.” was said by ______.A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. John Keats44. Because of her sensitivity to universal pattens of human behavior, ______ has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its maturity.A. Charlotte BronteB. Jane AustenC. Emily BronteD. Henry Fielding45. Poetry is defined by ______ as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility”.A. William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. Percy Bysshe ShelleyD. Robert Southey(201007)46. The major theme of Jane Austen's novels is ______ toward which she holds on a practical idealism.A. love and moneyB. marriage and moneyC. love and familyD. love and marriage47. In ______ , Shelley created a Platonic symbol of the spirit of man, a force of beauty and regeneration.A. "To a Skylark"B. "The Cloud"C. "Ode to Liberty"D. Adonais48. Wordsworth's ______ is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature.A. "To a Skylark"B. "I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud"C. "An Evening Walk"D. "My Heart Leaps Up"49. The major representatives of the poetic revolution in English Romantic period were Samuel Taylor Coleridge and ______.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. John KeatsD. Percy Bysshe Shelley50. The declaration that "I know that This World is a World of IMAGINATION & Vision," and that "The Nature of my work is visionary or imaginative" belongs to ______.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. George Gordon Byron(201104)51. One of Shelley’ s greatest political lyrics is ________, which was later to become a rallying song of the British Communist Party.A. “Ode to Liberty”B. “Ode to Naples”C. “Sonnet: England in 1819”D. “Men of England”52. Jane Austen’ s first novel ________ tells a story about two sisters and their love affairs.A. Sense and SensibilityB. Pride and PrejudiceC. Northanger AbbeyD. Mansfield Park53. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” the quoted line comes from ________.A. Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind”B. Walt Whitman’ s Leaves of GrassC. John Milton’s Paradise LostD. John Keats’“ Ode on a Grecian Urn”54. All of the following poems by William Wordsworth are masterpieces on nature EXCEPT________.A. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”B. “An Evening Walk”C. “Tinter Abbey”D. “The Solitary Reaper”55. William Blake’s ________ marks his entry into maturity.A. Poetical SketchesB. Songs of InnocenceC. Marriage of Heaven and HellD. Songs of Experience56. The work ________ by William Blake is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy world, though not without its evils and sufferings.A. Songs of InnocenceB. Songs of ExperienceC. Poetical SketchesD. Lyrical Ballads(201107)57. Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four - act poetic drama ____________ , which is an ex- ultant work in praise of humankind’s potential.A. AdonaisB. Queen MabC. Prometheus UnboundD. Kubla Khan58. Among the Romantic poets ____________ is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. George Gordon ByronD. John Keats59. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is____________.A. love and moneyB. money and social statusC. social status and marriageD. love and marriage60. According to the subjects, William Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two gr oups, poems about____________.A. nature and human lifeB. happiness and childhoodC. symbolism and imaginationD. nature and common life？61. William Blake’s ____________ composed during the climax of the French Revolution playsthe double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy.（预言，预言书）A. The Book of UrizenB. The Book of LosC. Poetical SketchesD. Marriage of Heaven and Hell P169Reading Comprehension(200704)1.“For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,they flash upon that inward eye”Questions:A．Identify the author and the title.B．What does the phrase “inward eye” mean?C．Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.Answer:A.The title of poem is “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,” whose author is William Wordsworth.B.The phrase “inward eye” refers to human soul.C.This passage mainly expresses the poet’s love for the daffodils. The poet thinks that it is a bliss to recollectthe beauty of nature in his mind while he is in solitude.(200807)2.“The river glideth at his own sweet will：Dear God! the very houses seem asleep； And all that mighty heart is lying still!”(from William Wordsworth’s“Composed upon Westminster Bridge”)Questions：A. What figure of speech is used in the quoted lines?B. What does “that mighty heart” refer to?C. What does the poem describe? ？Answer:A.The quoted lines employ personification.B.“That mighty heart” refers to London.C.This poem describes the beauty of London in early morning seeing from the Westminster Bridge.3.“When the stars threw down their spears,And water’d heaven with their tears,Did he smile his work to see?Did he who made the Lamb make thee?”Questions：A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are takenB. Whom does the “he’’ refer to?C. What does the “Lamb” symbolize? ？Answer:A.This title of this poem is “The Tyger” written by William Blake.B.The word “he” refers to the God, the Creator.C.“Lamb” symbolizes peace and purity.4.(200904)“Wherefore feed and clothe and saveFrom the cradle to the graveThose ungrateful drones who wouldDrain your sweat- nay, drink your blood?”Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the stanza is taken.B. What figure of speech is used in Line 2?C. Whom does “drones” refer to?Answer:A.The title of this poem is “A Song: Men of England” written by Percy Bysshe Shelley.B.Metonymy (转喻) is used in Line 2.C.“Drones” mean the male of the honey-bees that do not work, referring here to the parasitic class inhuman society. ？5.(200907)“Behold her, single in the field,Yon solitary Highland lass!Reaping and singing by herself;Stop here, or gently pass!Alone she cuts and binds the grain,And sings a melancholy strain;O listen! For the Vale profoundIs overflowing with the sound.”Questions:A. Identify the poet.B. What’s the rhyme scheme fo r the stanza?C. What’s the theme of the poem?Answer:A.The author of this poem is William Wordsworth.B.It is an iambic verse. The rhyme scheme for this stanza is ababccdd.C.This poem uses the rural figure – the “Highland lass” to suggest the timeless mystery of sorrowfulhumanity and its radiant beauty. ？6.(201004)“Wherefore, Bees of England, forgeMany a weapon, chain, and scourge,That these stingless drones may spoilThe forced produce of your toil?”Questions:A. Identify the poet and the poem from which the lines are taken.B. What do you know about the poem’ s writing background?C. What do you think the poet intends to say in the poem?Answer:A.It’s Percy Bysshe Shelley’s “A Song: Men of England”.B.This poem was written in 1819, the year of the Peterloo Massacre.C.The poet intends to call upon all working people of England to rise up against their political oppressors,while pointing out to them the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation. ？7.(201007)"Beside a pumice isle in Baiae's bay,And saw in sleep old palaces and towersQuivering within the wave's intenser day,All overgrown with azure moss and flowersSo sweet, the sense faints picturing them! ThouFor whose path the Atlantic's level powers"(From Shelley's" Ode to the West Wind")Questions:A. In what form is the poem written?B. What does the quotation" the sense faints picturing them" mean?C. What idea does Shelley express in this poem?Answer:A.The poem is written in the terza rima form, deriving from Shelley’s reading of Dante.B.It means that seeing the images so beautiful one feel faint to describe them.C.Shelley eulogized the powerful west wind and expressed his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedomfrom the reality.8.(201104)“When the stars threw down their spears,And water’ d heaven with their tears,Did he smile his work to see?Did he who made the Lamb make thee?”Questions:A. Who’s the poet of the quoted stanza, and what’s the t itle of the poem?B. Whom does the “he” refer to?C. What does the “Lamb” symbolize?Answer:D.This title of this poem is “The Tyger” written by William Blake.E.The word “he” refers to the God, the Creator.F.“Lamb” symbolizes peace and purity.9. (201107)“Never did sun more beautifully steepIn his first splendor, valley, rock or hill;Ne’er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep !The river glideth at his own sweet will:Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;And all that mighty heart is lying still!”(From Wordsworth’s sonnet Composed upon Westminster Bridge)Questions:A. What does this sonnet describe?B. What does the phrase “mighty heart” refer to?C. The sonnet follows strictly the Italian form. What is the feature of the Italian form of sonnet? Answer:A.The sonnet describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London.B.“Mighty heart” refers to London.C.There is a clear division between the octave and the sestet; the rhyme scheme is abbaabba, cdcdcd.Questions and Answers1.(200604) English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworthand Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballad s.Why is Lyrical Ballads considered the milestone to mark the beginning of English Romanticism? Answer:A.In Lyrical Ballads,Wordsworth and Coleridge explored new theories and innovated new techniques inpoetic writing.B.The preface to the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads acts as a manifesto for the new school andWordsworth sets forth his own critical creed of poetry and poet.C.In this work, Wordsworth employs a different style from his early works, that is, simplicity in language,sympathy for the poor, and expressions of inward states of mind.2.(200807) As a leading Romanticist,Byron’s chief contribution is his creation of the “By ronic Hero”.Briefly explain the literary term “Byronic Hero’’. (See the third paragraph on Page 195 and the first paragraph on Page196).3.(200907)What’s the literary style of Shelley as a Romantic poet?Answer:A.Shelley expressed his love for freedom and his hatred toward tyranny in several of his lyrics.B.Shelley is regarded by many critics as one of the greatest of all English poets.C.See the second paragraph on page 209.4.(201004) Briefly introduce Blake’ s Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.Answer:A.Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though notwithout its evils and sufferings.B.Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with amelancholy tone.C.Childhood is central to Blake’s concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.Topic Discussion1.(200504) Elizabeth Bennet, the heroine in Pride and Prejudice, is often regarded as the most successfulcharacter created by Jane Austen. M ake a brief comment on Elizabeth’s character.Answer:A. Elizabeth is clever，alert，observant．She is more observant and less charitable than Jane in recognizing the Characters of Bingley`s sisters．She recognizes Mr．Collins’ character in his letter and after meeting him turns down firmly and With dignity his patronizing proposal．She is able to match wits with Darcy several times and with Colonel Fitzwilliam，earning their respect and admiration．B．Fearless and frank，not rattled by the attack of Lady Catherine de Bourgh，she wins a notable victory, sending her Ladyship away completely routed．She is independent but not infallible in her judgment--taken in by the charm of the worthless Wickham．She cannot be blamed for misjudging Darcy．C．She shows flexibility，discernment，and honesty of mind when she reads Darcy's defense in his letter and admits the justice of mach of what he says．Thus beginning to lose her prejudice against him．She recognizes and values true worth when She encounters it in Jane，the Gardiners，and，near the end of the novel，in Darcy．She sees more clearly than her father the danger of sending Lydia to Brighton．D．She is able to control her emotions at times of stress-when she first encounters Darcy at Pemberley；when she realizes that she loves Darcy and has good reason to fear that She has lost him，She waits without repining for time to bring a solution．She is witty，fun—loving，recognizes humor in herself and in others，but ridicualing only folly，nonsense，and inconsistencies. She recognizes the follies of her own family and their shortcomings as well as their virtues．E．She is considerate of others but quite capable of asserting herself when occasion demands．She has a playful and unaffected manner，sunny disposition，natural animation，sense of fun，and sweet reasonableness．She is ready to laugh at herself and everything save "What is Wise and good．"She shows a sense of humor by telling what Darcy has said about her at the Meryton ball2.(200604) Under the influence of the leading romantic thinkers life Kant and the Post-Kantians, Romanticistsdemonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century’s Neoclassicists. Discuss, in relation to the works you know, the difference between Romanticism and Neoclassicism.Answer:A. Neo-classicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expressions should be of proporti on, unity, harmony and grace. Pope’s An Essay on Criticism advocates grace, wit, and simplicity in language; Fielding’s Tom Jones helped establish the form of novel; Gray’s Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard displays elegance in style, unified structure, serious tone and moral instruction.B. Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings,” and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were (Wordsworth’s “I Wandered as a Cloud,’’ or “The Solitary Reaper,” or Coleridge’s “Kubla Khan”), the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes.C. In a word, Neo-classicism emphasized rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual’s mind (emotion, imagination, temporary experience…) .3.(201007) Please elaborate Wordsworth's theory of poetry, taking examples from the poems you havelearned to support your ideas.Answer:A.Wordsworth defines poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates inemotion recollected in tranquillity”. (Take “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” as an example. See PPT).B.Wordsworth also maintained that the scenes and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary peoplewere the raw material of which poetry could and should be made. (Take “The Solitary Reaper”as an example. See page 178 & PPT).。
判断题-英国文学
判断题-英国文学1.The progress of bourgeois economy made England a powerful state andenabled her in 1588 to inflict a defeat on the Spanish Invincible Armada. T 2.The Protestant Reformation was in essence a religious movement in apolitical guise. F3.Before the Reformation, the English Bible was universally used by theCatholic churches. F4.Shakespeare’s sonnets are divided into three groups: Numbers 1—17,Numbers 18—126, and Numbers 127—154. T5.Shakespeare’s sonnets are written for variety of virtues. T6.Shakespeare wrote about his own people and for his own time. T7.To reproduce the real life, Shakespeare often combines the majestic with thefunny, the poetic with the prosaic(散文体的) and tragic with the comic. T 8.Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of le tters between Moreand Hythloday, a voyage. F9.Both the gentlemen and the common people went to the theatres. But theupper class was the dominant force in Elizabethan theatre. T10.From Shakespeare’s history plays, it can be seen that Shakespeare took agreat interest in the political questions of his time. T11.Generally speaking, after Shakespeare, the English drama was undergoing aprocess of prosperity. F12.English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama, and was an ageof prose. F13.Utopia, Book One, describes an ideal communist society. F14.English literature of the 17th century witnessed a flourish on the whole. F15.The Revolution Period is also called Age of Milton because it produced agreat poet whole name is William Milton. F16.The main literary form in literature of Revolution Period is drama. F17.Among the English poets during the Revolution Period, John Donne was thegreatest one. F18.The greatest epic produced by Milton, Paradise Lost, is written in heroiccouplets. F19.The 18th century was an age of poetry. A group of excellent prose writers,such as Jonathan Swift, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, were produced.F20.Novel writing made a big advance in the 18th century. The main characters inthe novels were no longer common people, but the kings and nobles. F21.The 19th century produced the first English novelists, who fall into twogroups: the sentimentalist novelists and the realist novelist. F22.Robert Burns is remembered mainly for his songs written in the Englishdialect on a variety of subjects. F23.My Heart’s in the Highlands is one of the best kn own poems written byRobert Burns in which he pored his unshakable love for his homeland. T24.Many of Goldsmith’s poems were put to music. F25.Pre-romanticism is ushered by Burns and Blake and represented by Percy,Macpherson and Chatterton. F26.English Romantic literature started from mid-18th to the early 19th century. F27.Jane Austen is one of the greatest romantic woman novelists. T28.After composing the Lucy poems, Wordsworth began his The Prelude . T29.P.B. She lley gained his nickname, “Mad Shelley” because of hi s independentand rebellious attitude. T30.Lyrical Ballads begins with Coleridge’s long poem, “Tintern Abbey”. F31.Many of the subjects of the poems in Lyrical Ballads deal with elements ofnature. T32.Coleridge wrote the majority of poems in Lyrical Ballads. F33.Wordsworth’s“I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud” has another name, Growth ofa Poet’s Mind. F34.The Prelude is a long and autobiographical poem considered as Coleridge’smasterpiece. F35.Some romantic writers stood on the side of the feudal forces and evencombined themselves with those forces. T36.37.Fateful circumstances and tragic coincidences abound in the book of Jude theObscure. F38.James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are the two best-known novelists of the“stream of consciousness” school. T56. With the establis hment of the Jacobin dictatorship in France, Wordsworth’sattitude toward revolution changed into active. ( F )57．In the revised version of Lyrical Ballads, Coleridge held that poetry is the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling”. ( F )58. Romanticism is a literary trend. It prevailed in England in the period(1798---1832) ( F )59. The ideals of French Revolution are liberty, democracy, and equality. ( F ) 6. The brilliant literary criticism “Biographia Literaria” is written byWordsworth. ( F )60. A Tale of Two Cities belongs to the first writing phase of Dickens’s career,and the two cities are London and Paris. ( F )61. Symbolism, Surrealism, Imagism, Expressionism, etc, all belong to School ofModernism. ( T )62. The Rainbow is D. H. Lawrence’s autobiographical work. ( T )63. Chaucer employed the heroic couplet in writing his greatest work TheCanterbury tales. T64. Shakespeare’s plays have been traditionally divided into four categoriesaccording to dramatic type: histories, comedies, tragedies and romances. T 65. John Milton’s Paradise Lost opens with the description of a meeting amon gthe fallen angels, and ends with the departure of Adam and Eve from theGarden of Eden. T66. “ Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear, / And the ro cks melt wi’ the sun: / I willluve thee still, my dear, / While the sands of life shall run.” The above lines are taken from the famous poem “Scots Wha Hae”. F67. In Gulliver’s Travels, Yahoos are the creatures living in Houyhnynms. T68. As an age of romantic enthusiasm, the Romantic Age began in 1789 whenWordsworth and Coleridge published Lyrical Ballads. F69. Odes are generally regarded as Keats’ most important and mature works. T70. Wuthering Heights is written by Ann Bronte. It is a morbid story of love, buta powerful attack on the bourgeois marriage system. F71.The English translation of the Bible emerged as a result of the strugglebetween Protestant and Catholicism. T72.The Bible was notably translated into English by the Protestants. T73.Apart from the religious influence, the Authorized Version has had a greatinfluence on English language and literature. T74.Rationalism is the theme of the English Renaissance, which emphasized thecapacities of human mind and the achievements of human nature. F75.Sonnets contain Italian sonnets and Shakespeare sonnets. T76.The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its novel.F77.In the 16th century, London became the centre of English drama. T78.In the Elizabethan Theater, there were no actress and women’s parts werealways taken by boys. T79.Shakespeare’s drama becomes a monument of the English neo-classicism. F80.The Pilgrim’s Progress gives a vivid and satirical picture of Vanity Fair whichis the symbol of London at the time of Restoration. T81.John Milton’s masterpiece, The Pilgrim’s Progress, is an allegory, a narrativein which general concepts such as sins, despair, and faith are represented as people or as aspects of the natural world. F82.Satan is the hero in Milton’s masterpiece The Pilgrim’s Progress. F83.English enlighteners believed in the emmotion. F84.English enlighteners believed that social problems could be dealt with byhuman intelligence. T85.Sameul Johnson’s A Dictionary of English Language also marked the end ofEnglish writers’ reliance on the patronage of noblemen for support. T86.In describing Robinson’s life on the island, Defoe glorifies human labor. T87.In a sense, in English Romantic Age, literature equaled poetry. T88.William Wordsworth was influenced by the American Independence War. F89.Many subjects of Lyrical Ballads deal with elements of nature. T90.Lyrical Ballads a joint work of Wordsworth and his friend Southey. F91.The publication of Lyrical Ballads in 1798 marks the beginning of theRomantic Movement in England. T92.The publication of Lyrical Ballads marked the break with classcism. T93.The Romantic Age came to an end in 1832 when the last Romantic writerRobert Soughey died. F94.The English Romantic period produced two major novelists: Walter Scottand Jane Austen. T95.In 1817, Samuel Taylor Coleridge finished his literary criticism, BiographiaLiteraria. T96.Wordsworth’s poetry is distingu ished by the simplicity of his language. T97.The first poem in the collection The Lyrical Ballads is Coleridge’s masterpiece.The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. T98.On the death of Robert Southey in 1843, Wordsworth was made poet laureate.T99.George Gordon Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems: One is ChildeHarold’s Pilgrimage, the other is Don Juan. T100.Dickens’ writings from 1836 to 1841 show the characteristic of youthful optimism. T101.Dickens’ writings from 1842 to 1850 show the character of exciteme nt and irritation. T102.Dickens’ writings from 1852 to 1870 show the feature of optimism. F。
William-Wordsworth--《Sonnet：London-1802》解析
Analyse
➢Language
➢华兹华斯在《伦敦,1802年》一诗中主要运 用形象生动的比方,质朴的语言,不刻意雕琢。 在他的心目中,弥尔顿的灵魂就像挂在高空 的星辰, 孤光自照,珍贵纯洁;弥尔顿的声音 则像壮阔雄浑的大海,宽广庄重, 具有惊世骇 俗的震撼力。诗人撷取大自然中的星辰、 大海作为喻体, 把笔下的弥尔顿比方成自然 之子,诗人对弥尔顿的歌颂其实是对自然的 吟诵。
➢ 威廉. 布莱克( 1757～1827) 和威廉. 华兹华斯( 1770～1850) 都是活在那个时代的英国浪漫主 义诗歌的先驱。他俩都以伦敦这个工业化大都 市为背景创作来反映。
Type of Work and Year Written
• “London,1802” is a Italian (or Petrarchan) Sonnet〔i.e. the rhyme is iambic pentameter五 音步抑扬格〕，has a rhyme scheme of ABBAABBA CDDECE. William Wordsworth wrote the poem in 1802.
Analyse
➢Overall arrangement布局
➢华兹华斯的《伦敦, 1802 年》一诗语调激扬.首 句“弥尔顿!你该活在这个时候:英国需要你！” 直抒己见,把诗人的心声毫无掩饰地表达出来。 华兹华斯认为,诗是猛烈感情的自然流露,是在感 动状态下产生的.法国大革命赐予诗人革命的激 情和冲动.据他自己描述,“Written immediately after my return from France to London, when I could not best ruck, as here described,with the vanity and parade of our own country as contrasted with the quiet, and I may say the desolation, that the revolution had produced in France. ”这首诗是他在1802 年再次旅法归国 后写下的。
英国文学重点评述
英国文学重点评述British literatureThe period of Old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066, the year of the Norman Conquest of England. Norman Conquest greatly changed English, the language, and England entered the feudal period. The most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances was the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapons. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances, as loyalty was the cornerstone of feudal morality, without which the whole structure of feudalism would collapse. Among all these kinds of romances, Beowulf was the most famous one. It is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes. Besides Beowulf, Piers the Plowman is another famous poem. The poem sets forth a series of wonderful dreams, through which we can see a picture of feudal England. The author of Piers the Plowman, William Langland, is a more realistic writer who dealt with the religious and social issues of his day. However, it is Chaucer who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of his life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer is the greatest writer of this period.The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From Italy the movement spread through the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means rebirth or revival, is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.The English Renaissance was perhaps England’s Golden Age, especially in literature. Among the literary giants were Shakespeare, Spenser, Jonson, Sidney, Marlowe, Bacon and Donne. The English Renaissance had no sharp break with the past. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and Reformation. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Human values are greatly emphasized in this period. Thomas More was one of the greatest humanists. His masterpiece is Utopia. It is divided into two books. The first book contains a long discussion on the social conditions of England. In the second book, an ideal communist society is described in detail.From the first half of the 16th century, the English Renaissance began to develop into a flowering of literature and then England became “a nest of singing birds.” Transition occupied an important place in the English Renaissance. Another kind of literature prevailing at the time was the large amount of books describing discoveries and adventures. However, the vigor of the age found better expression in the sphere of poetry and plays. Thousands of exquisite poems and songs were written by known and unknown poets. The sonnet, an exact form of poetry in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed, was introduced to England from Italy. Sir Philip Sydney is awell-known poet. However, Edmund Spenser was the “poet’s poet” of this period. His masterpiece is The Faerie Queene. The Faerie Queene is written in a special verse form that consists of eight iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic feet, with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc. This for has since been called the Spanserian Stanza. Another famous poet is John Milton, whose masterpiece is Paradise Lost.The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its drama. It could be dated back to the Middle Ages. Interludes and morality plays thriving in the medieval period continued to be popular down to Shakespeare’s time. But the development of the drama into a sophisticated art form required another influence – the Greek and Roman classics. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson. And with humors of the moment, abstractions of philosophical speculation, and intense vitality, this extraordinary drama, with Shakespeare as the master, left a monument of the Renaissance unrivaled for pure creative power by any other product of that epoch.Francis Bacon, the first important English essayist, is best known for his essays which greatly influenced the development of this literary form. He was also the founder of modern science in England. His writing paved the way for the use of scientific method. Thus, he is undoubtedly one of the representatives of the English Renaissance.Neoclassical period in English literature refers to the years between the return of the Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the full development of Romanticism. The English society of the neoclassical period was an age full of conflicts and divergence of values, and the eighteenth century also saw the fast development of England as a nation. In Europe, the 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement, known as the Enlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle to the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The purpose of the movement was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. So the eighteenth-century England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.In field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. The representatives of the Enlightenment in English literature were Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, the essayists, and Alexander Pope, the poet. In their works, these writers criticized different aspects of contemporary England, discussed social problems, and even touched upon morality and private life. So the literature of Enlightenment in England mainly appealed to the middle class readers. Mock epic, romance, satire and epigram were popular forms adopted by poets of the time. Besides the elegant poetic structure and diction, the neoclassical poetry was also noted for its seriousness and earnestness in tone and contrast didacticism.Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of literature. Prose should be precise, direct, smooth and flexible. Poetry should be lyrical, epical, didactic, satiric or dramatic, and each class should be guided by its own principles. Drama should be written in the heroic couplets (iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space and action should be strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to, and type characters rather than individuals should be represented.The mid-century was, however, predominated by a newly rising literary form – the modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, gives a realistic presentation of life of the common Englishpeople. This – the most significant phenomenon in the history of the development of English literature in the eighteenth century – is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution and a symbol of the growing importance and strength of the English middle class. Among the pioneers were Danial Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Tobias George Smollett, and Oliver Goldsmith.The English drama of the 18th century does not reach the same high level as its novel. One of the main reasons is that the Licensing Act of 1737 which drove fielding out of the theatre restricted the freedom of expression by dramatists. But the English drama also experienced a brief flowering in the second half of the 18th century for the comedies of Sheridan and Goldsmith.At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries romanticism appeared in England as a new trend in literature. It began in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads and ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death and the passage of the first Refor m Bill in the Parliament.In essence romanticism designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very centre of all life and all experience. It also places the individual at the centre of art, making literature most valuable as an expression of his or her unique feelings and particular attitudes, and valuing its accuracy in portraying the individual’s experience.The Romantic period is an age of poetry. Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats are the major Romantic poets. Generally speaking, the romantic poets expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata who were discontent with, and opposed to, the development of capitalism. But owing to difference in political attitudes, they split into two schools. Some romantic writers reflected the thinking of classes ruined by bourgeoisie, protested against capitalist development, and turned to the feudal past. They were frightened by the coming of industrialism and the nightmare towns of industry; they were turning to nature for protection. They were called passive or escapist romanticists, represented by Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey. Others expressed the aspirations of the classes created by capitalism and held out an ideal, though a vague one, of a future society free from oppression and exploitation. These poets were called active romanticists represented by Byron, Shelley and Keats. Nature is the dominant subject matter for most romantic poets of this time.Romantic prose of the time was represented by Lamb, Hazlitt, De Quincey and Hunt.The two major novelists of the Romantic period are Jane Austen and Walter Scott. Austen is of the 18th-century in her moral outlook, and in her prose style, though she is fully aware of the new strains of Romanticism. Here view of life is a totally realistic one. She chooses to stay within the tiny field that she knows best, thinking that “three or four families in a country village are the very thing to work on.” Not surprisingly she had in her day a small, select circle of admirers. But in the 20th century, she has become a popular classic and has been admired for her wit, her common sense, her insight into characters and social relationships.Walter Scott is the most popular novelist of his day. After establishing himself as a writer of romantic historical narrative poetry, Scott switched to novel writing. He is the first major historical novelist, exerting a powerful literary influence both in Britain and on the Continent throughout the 19th century.Gothic novel, a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late eighteenth century, was one phase of the Romantic Movement. Its principal elements are violence, horror, and the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader’s emotion.Chronologically the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria who ruled over England from 1836 to 1901. The period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history. In this period, class struggle was very tense. As a result, a new literary trend – critical realism appeared. English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The critical realists described with much vividness and great artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.In this period, the novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. Among the famous novelists of the time were the critical realists like Charles Dickens, William Makepeace Thackeray, Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte, Mrs. Gaskell and Anthony Trollope, etc.The English critical realists of the 19th century not only gave a satirical portrayal of the bourgeoisie and all the ruling classes, but also showed profound sympathy for the common people. In their best works, the greed and hypocrisy of the upper classes are contrasted with the honesty and good-heartedness of the obscure simple people of the lower classes. Hence humour and satire were greatly used in the English realistic novels of the 19th century. But critical realists did not find a way to eradicate social evils. They did not realize the necessity of changing the bourgeois society.The Victorian age also produced a host of great prose writers: Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Matthew Arnold, John Henry Newman, John Stuart Mill, John Ruskin, and Thomas Henry Huxley, to mention a few. Many of them joined forces with the critical realist novelists in exposing and criticizing the social reality and some became very influential in the ideological field.The poetry of this period was mainly characterized by experiments with new styles and new ways of expression. Among those famous experimental poets was Robert Browning who created the verse novel by adopting the novelistic presentation of characters.Victorian literature, as a product of its age, naturally took on its quality of magnitude and diversity. It wasmany-sided and complex, and reflected both romantically and realistically the great changes that were going on in people’s life and thought. With their artistic representation of vital social movements such as Chartism and their vivid description of dramatic conflicts of the time, the 19th century realistic novels become “the epic of the bourgeois society.” Besides, in almost every genre critical realism paved the way for the coming century, where its spirits, values and experiments are to witness their bumper harvest.In the second half of the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century, the gap between the rich and the poor was further deepened. The British Empire suffered heavy losses in the two world wars. The oncesun-never-set Empire finally collapsed. All kinds of philosophical ideas in Western-Europe appeared and exerted immense influence upon the major modernist writers in Britain.Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism. Besides, the French symbolism which appeared in the late 19th century heralded modernism. Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory ofpsycho-analysis as its theoretical base. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective. They are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual. Therefore, they pay more attention to the psychic time than the chronological time. In their writings, the past, the present and the future are mingled together and exist at the same time in the consciousness of an individual. In literary creation, modernism gets rid of all the traditional elements in literature such as story, plot, character, chronological narration.The 20th century has witnessed a great achievement in English poetry. Thomas Hardy was on of the important realistic poets in the early years of this century. Imagism left a notable impact on the development of English poetry. The two most important English modernist poets are W. B. Yeats and T. S. Eliot. They advocated to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects, and to use hard, clear and precise images in poems.While modernist poetry arose as a break with 19th-century Romanticism, modernist fiction represented a trend drifting away from the tradition of the 19th-century realism. Modernist fiction put emphasis on the description of the characters’ psychological activities, and s o has sometimes been called modern psychological fiction. The theory of the Freudian and Jungian psycho-analysis played a particularly important role. One of its pioneers is D. H. Lawrence, who is well-known for his novels written under the influence of Fr eud’s theory of psychological analysis.The “stream-of-consciousness” is a psychological term indicating “the flux of conscious and subconscious thoughts and impressions thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any given time independently of thepe rson’s will.” The striking feature of these novelists is their giving precedence to the depiction of the characters’ mental and emotional reactions to external events, rather than the events themselves. Writers like Dorothy Richardson, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf concentrated all their efforts on digging into the human consciousness. They had created unprecedented stream-of-consciousness novels such as Pilgrimage by Richardson, Ulysses by Joyce, and Mrs. Dalloway by Woolf. Modernist novels came to a decline in the 1930s. After the Second World War, modernism had another upsurge with the rise of existentialism. But it was reflected mainly in drama.The most celebrated dramatists in the last decade of the 19th century were Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw. Shaw is a more important figure in drama than Wilde. He is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare. In his plays, Shaw laid bare the gross injustice and utter inhumanity of the bourgeois society. His exposure of the capitalist society is very significant and it places Shaw among the most important representatives of critical realism in modern English literature.With their joint efforts, the Irish playwrights like W. B. Yeats, Lady Gregory, and J. M. Synge brought about the Irish National Theatre Movement in the early 20th century, thus starting an Irish dramatic revival. They made special contribution to English drama.。
英国浪漫主义时期文学试题
英国浪漫主义时期文学试题I．Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). Put “T” or “F” in the brackets.( ) 1. The rhythm scheme of Ode to the West Wind is aba, bcb, cdc, ded, ee.( ) 2. The Romantic period is also a great age of prose.( )3. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending their own literary heritage against the a dvocates of classical rules.( ) 4. Coleridge has been rewarded as Poet Laureate.( ) 5. Keats is one of the “Lake Poets.”( ) 6.Jane Austen is a typical Romantic writer.( ) 7. The romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man.( ) 8. English Romantic literature started from mid-18th to the early 19th century.( ) 9. Jane Austen is one of the greatest romantic woman novelists.( ) 10. Wordsworth and Coleridge are revolutionary Romantic poets.( ) 11. Byron’s leading principle is “Beauty is truth, truth beauty”.( ) 12. Wordsworth’s T he Daffodils is about the beauty of nature.( )13.The story of Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound was taken form Roman mythology.( ) 14. Hazlitt became a master of novels in English Romantic literature.II. Multiple Choice1. Romanticism was a literary trend prevailing in English during the period from 1798 to 1832. The Romantic writers_____________.A. paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of manB. were discontent with the development of industrialism and capitalism, and presented the social evils minutely in their worksC. took pains to portray a world of harmony and balanceD. tended to glorify Rome and advocated rational Italian and French art as superior to the native traditions2. Which of the following poems is a landmark in English poetry?A. Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William WordsworthC. “Remorse” by Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman3. The literary form which is fully developed and the most flourishing during the Romantic Period is______.A．prose B．drama C．novel D．poetry3. English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have ended in 1832 with ______.A．the passage of the first Reform Bill in the ParliamentB．the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical BalladsC．the publication of T．S．Eliot’s The waste LandD．the passage of the Bill of Rights in the Parliament4. Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that ______.A．the former celebrates reason, rationality, order and instruction while the latter sees literature asan expression of an individual’s feeling and experiencesB．the former is heavily religious but the latter secularC．the former is an intellectual movement, the purpose of which is to arouse the middle class for political rights while the latter is concerned with the personal cultivationD．the former advocates the “return to nature” whereas the latter turns to the ancient Greek and Roman writers for its models.5. The major British Romantic poets Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley and Keats started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature，which was later regarded as _____.A. the poetic romanceB. the poetic movementC. the poetic revolutionD. the poetic reformation6. All of the following poets are regarded as “Lake Poets” EXCEPT ______.A. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB. Robert SoutheyC. William WordsworthD. William Blake7. English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to have begun with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s_____.A. Poetical SketchesB. A Defense of PoetryC. Lyrical BalladsD. The Prelude8. The two major novelists of the English Romantic period are _____.A. William Wordsworth and John KeatsB. John Keats and Jane AustenC. Jane Austen and Walter ScottD. William Makepeace Thackeray9. Which of the following descriptions of Gothic Novels is NOT correct?A. It predominated in the early eighteenth century.B. It was one phase of the Romantic movement.C. Its principal elements are violence, horror and the supernatural.D. Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho and Frankenstein are typical Gothic romance.10. In his poem “Tyger! Tyger!” William Blake expresses his perception of the “fearful symmetry” of the big cat. The phrase “fearful symmetry” suggests _____.A. the tiger’s two eyes which are dazzlingly bright and symmetrically setB. the poet’s fear of the predatorC. the analogy of the hammer and the anvilD. the harmony of the two opposite aspects of God’s creation11. William Blake’s central concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience is_______, which gives the two books a strong social and historical reference.A．youthhood B．childhood C．happiness D．sorrow12. William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following EXCEPT _______.A. the use of everyday language spoken by the common peopleB. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelingsC. the use of humble and rustic life as subject matterD. the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech13. A poet asserted that poetry originated form “emotion recollected in tranquility”. He maintained that the scenes and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary people were the raw material of which poetry could and should be made. Who is that poet?A. William BlakeB. Alfred Lord TennysonC. William WordsworthD. John Keats14. “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind!” is an epigrammatic line by _______.A. J. KeatsB. W. BlakeC. W. WordsworthD. P. B. Shelley15. Shelley’s masterpiece, Prometheus Unbound, is a verse drama, which borrows the basic story from ______.A. the BibleB. a German legendC. a Greek playD. One Thousand and One16. In the first part of the novel Pride and prejudice, Mr. Darcy has a (n) ______ of the Bennet family.A. high opinionB. great admirationC. low opinionD. erroneous view17. “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a ______.” This quotation in Austen’s Pride and Prejudice sets the tone of the novel.A. houseB. titleC. wifeD. fame18. Jane Austen’s main literary concern is about ______.A. human beings in their personal relationshipsB. the love story between the rich and the poorC. maturity achieved through the loss of illusionsD. the daily country life of the upper-middle-class English19. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is ______ toward which she holds on a practical idealism.A. love and moneyB. marriage and moneyC. love and familyD. love and marriage20. Pride and Prejudice’s first title is ____.A. First ImpressionB. A Book Without a HeroC. The NewcomesD. PersuasionⅢ. Reading Comprehension.Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.1. “When the stars threw down their spears,And water’d heaven with their tears,Did he smile his work to see?Did he who made the Lamb make thee?”Questions：1) Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken2) Whom does the “he’’ refer to?3) What does the “Lamb” symbolize?2. “A violet by a mossy stoneHalf hidden from the eye!－Fair as a star, when only oneIs shining in the sky.”Questions:1) Identify the author and the title of the poem from which this stanza is taken.2) Pick out the metaphor used in this stanza.3) What quality does the author intend to show by using the metaphor?3. “Never did sun more beautifully steepIn his first splendor, valley, rock, or hill;Ne’er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!The river glideth at his own sweet will:Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;And all that mighty heart is lying still!”(William Wordsworth’s sonnet: “Composed upon Westminster Bridge” September 3, 1802) Questions:1) What does the word “glideth” in the fourth line mean?2) What kind of figure of speech is used by Wordsworth to describe the “river”?3) What idea does the fourth line express?4. “For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,they flash upon that inward eye”Questions:1) Identify the author and the title.2) What does the phrase “inward eye” mean?3) Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.IV. Topic Discussion. Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English.1. How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism? Provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best.2. Please elaborate Wordsworth’s theory of poetry, taking examples from the poems you have learned to support your ideas.3. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen explored three kinds of motivations of marriage the middle-class people had in the second half of the 18th century. Try to make a brief discussion about them with specific examples from the novel. Make comments on Austen’s attitude towards these motivations.4. Elizabeth Bennet, the heroine in Pride and Prejudice, is often regarded as the most successful character created by Jane Austen. Make a brief comment on Elizabeth’s character.。
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A Comparison between Blake andWordsworth学院：14转本英语3班学号：1420210098姓名：马丽茹AbstractComparison the two poems London, one can know that these two present us different pictures of London. Blake’s London shows us a depressive and terrifying London. While William’s gives a peaceful and warm London.Key Words: London, background, community, terrifying1. IntroductionTwo poems London written by Blake and Wordsworth both depict the scene of London. Both of them are different. One is depression, the other is hopeful. However, the theme is the same, and it reflects the dark side of the society.2. A Brief Introduction of the Two Poets2.1An Introduction to Blake2.1.1Life experience and writing styleWilliam Blake, who is a British poet, painter, visionary mystic and engraver, illustrated and printed his own books. Once I heard the name of him, I just knew he was a versatile man.However, the poem—‘London’ astound me deeply when I read it again and again. There are some beautiful words, wonderful rhythm and imaginational sentences.The poem has four stanzas, and each line has ten syllables. Every stanza has double rhyme. For example, the first stanza has two foots,’ I| and |ou|’.It uses some rhetoric meth ods in the poem, just like trope, parallelism, and metaphor. The three ‘in every’ are obvious parallelism in the second line. In the third line, Blake used hyperbole, antitheses and metaphor. The miserable chimney-sweeper contrasts the bright church. The soldier contrasts the palace walls. And the last sentence tells readers that the decayed society will be destroyed eventually.Blake used the words skillfully. For instance, the ‘chartered’ means that a street or a river owned by rich men and nobles only. He just used a word to describe a hierarchical society that poor man has not the right to walk on the chartered street or see the river—Thames. Then he used three‘mark’. The first ‘mark’ is a noun; the other two ones are verb. It depicts the weak and woeful people in the street visually. In the last line, Blake used the word ‘blast’ to describe how harmful ‘the youthful harlot's curse’ to the baby. It gives readers a consuming feeling that the curse will destroy all the things thoroughly.‘London’, which had been written in 1794, is a lyric. At the time, the Britain had been capitalism for centuries. The society became more decayed as the time past. For express the dissatisfaction to the society, the author wrote the poem. Blake opened out the reality that the society moldered day by day. The distance between rich and poor were larger and larger. More and more in equable things happened in the daily lives. It seems that people lost the hope for the future. Blake used a technique as montage to write the different angles of the society. As the fast change of the scene, the poem shows up a real British society to readers. I see as though the weak and woeful faces; I hear as though the cry of chimney-sweeper; moreover, as though the youthful harlot's curse hovers over my ears unceasingly. The feeling is so vivid even more than 200 years past.Today's poem makes an interesting contrast with the (presumably written inThe same year) "London 1802" - the 'fen of stagnant waters' is nowhere inEvidence, replaced instead by a sight 'touching in its majesty'.The city dweller in me notes that Wordsworth has exhibited his usualFacility at both observation and description. The 'silent, bare' beauty ofThe morning, the city steeped in the early morning sun, the deep sense ofCalm, are as real, and as worthy of the poet's pen, as any babbling brook orForest glade.He also does a beautiful job of blending the images of the city and his ownReactions to them into one organic whole, shifting voices effortlesslyWhile never losing the central theme. And the last line is simply exquisite.2.2An Introduction to Wordsworth2.2.1Life experience and writing styleWilliam Wordsworth (1770-1850)British poet, who spent his life in the District of Northern England. William Wordsworth started with Samuel Taylor Coleridge the English Romantic movement with their collection L YRICAL BALLADS in 1798. When many poets still wrote about ancient heroes in grandiloquent style, Wordsworth focused on the nature, children, the poor, common people, and used ordinary words to express his personal feelings. His definition of poetry as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings arising from "emotion recollected in tranquility" was shared by a number of his followers."Poetry is the breath and finer spirit of all knowledge; it is the impassioned expression which is in the countenance of all Science." (From Lyrical Ballads, 2nd ed., 1800)The sonnet was originally dated 1803, but this was corrected in later editions and the date of composition given precisely as 31 July 1802, when Wordsworth and his sister Dorothy were travelling to Calais to visit Annette Villon and his daughter Caroline by Annette, prior to hisforthcoming marriage to Mary Hutchinson.The sonnet has always been popular, escaping the generally excoriating reviews from critics such as Francis Jeffrey in the Edinburgh Review when Poems in Two Volumes was first published. The reason undoubtedly lies in its great simplicity and beauty of language, turning on Dorothy's observation that this man-made spectacle is nevertheless one to be compared to nature's grandest natural spectacles. Cleanthes Brooks analyzed the sonnet in these terms in The Well Wrought Urn: Studies in the Structure of Poetry.Stephen Gill remarks that at the end of his life Wordsworth, engaged in editing his works, contemplated a revision evenOf "so perfect a poem" as this sonnet in response to an objection from a lady that London could not both be "bare" and "clothed" (an example of the use of paradox in literature).That the sonnet so closely follows Dorothy's journal entry comes as no surprise because Dorothy wrote her Grasmere Journal to "give Wm pleasure by it" and it was freely available to Wordsworth, who said of Dorothy that "She gave me eyes, she gave me ears" in his poem "The Sparrow's Nest".ConclusionThese two poems London describe the city London from two opposite sides and are written from different viewpoints. Blake’s London shows us a depressive and terrifying London. While William’s reveal s a beautiful and hopeful country. The differences are related to their life experience, writing style, love of nature.However, the two poems convey the same theme –London in 19’Th century is dark city. I love the poem because of the real description but t he beautiful words. The most real poem, the most real society.。