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职称英语综合类补全短文考前练习及参考答案

职称英语综合类补全短文考前练习及参考答案职称英语综合类补全短文考前练习及参考答案What is a ProfitGross profit is the difference between what a business firm sells its product for and what it costs to producethat product. The merchant buys $200，000 worth of merchandise during the year and sells it for $270，000. His gross profit is $70，000. The percentage difference between his cost and the selling price is 35 percent， and he calls this markup.Entrepreneurship is directly responsible for production. The business person （entrepreneur） takes a cue from consumers in deciding what they want - or， in the case ofa new product， 1.Profit means different things to different people. Aording to some public opinion polls， many people are not sure what it is， but they are sure 2. Workers may look at profit as an unfairly large payment to the entrepreneurthat deprives them of a higher wage. The business person thinks of profit 3. During negotiations before the settlement of the second baseball strike in August， 1985，the Players‘ Association cl aimed the owners had madeprofits of $91 million， an aounting firm said ownerprofits were $43 million， and the owners insisted they had lost $9 million. The truth was that all three were correct.The disparity in the figures was due to the fact that each group was defining profit differently. Let us now see if we can develop a more exact definition of what profit is.Net profit is 4——rent，wages，and interest-andsetting aside money to allow for the loss due to depreciation （wearing out） of capital. Our merchant has to subtract from his gross profit his payments for rent （$6，000）， wages （$20，000）， interest on money borrowed （$1，000）， repairs and upkeep （$1，000），taxes （$1，000）， electricity and other expenses $1，000. Expenses for operating the business e to $30，000. Gross profit is $70，000， and profit is $40，000.Economists have a narrower definition of what constitutes profit. They are concerned with payment for all the resources that have gone into production， 5， like those listed above， or from inside the business.Exercise：A what profit really meansB it is too large and represents too much of the consumer‘s dollarC whether they e from outside the businessD as the difference between total revenue and total costE what the business person has left after paying expensesF what they might want 参考答案：DBECA。

职称英语等级考试补全短文

职称英语等级考试补全短文death controla very important world problem-in fact, i am inclined to say it is the most important of all the great world problems(1) -is the rapidly increasing pressure of population on land and on land resources.this enormous increase of population will create immense problems. by 2000 a.d., unless something desperate happens, there will be as many as 7,000,000,000 people on the surface of the earth! so this is a problem which you are going to see in your lifetime why is this enormous increase in population taking place? it is really due to the spread of the knowledge and the practice of (2). you have heard of birth control? death control is something rather different. death control recognizes the work of the doctors and the nurses and the hospitals and the health services in keeping alive people who,(3), would have died of some of the incredibly serious killing diseases , as they used to do. squalid conditions, which we can remedy by an improved standard of living, caused a lot of disease and dirt. medical examinations at school catch diseases early and ensure healthier school children. scientists are at work stamping out malaria and other more deadly diseases.if you are seriously ill there is an ambulance to take you to a modern hospital. medical care helps (4). we used tothink seventy was a good age; now eighty, niy, it may be , are ing to be recognized as a normal age for human beings. people are living longer because of this death control, and (5), so the population of the world is shooting up.练习：a fewer children are dyingb a few years agoc what is ing to be called death controld which face us at the present timee making it possible for people to live longerf to keep people alive longerkeys: dcbfa。

职称英语补全的短文

职称英语补全的短文PASSAGE 1Teamwork in TourismGGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers.Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and (1). Theydistribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. They offer familiarization and workshop tours (2).Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. In this way agents learn (3) and to suggest different modes and binations of travel - planes; ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases.Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the fort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and,conversely, (4), to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers, (5). Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.A including car-rental and sight-seeing services.B so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.C in preparing effective advertising campaignsD as a result tourism is flouring in all countriesE hotels rely upon agenciesF to explain destinationsKEYS: CBFEAPASSAGE 2Death controlAA ve。

2011职称英语小抄五补全短文

四、补全短文（一）Mobile phones（移动电话）Mobile phones should carry a label if they proved' to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated, he said. "Nobody's going to drop dead overnight but we should be asking for more scientific information," Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects oflow-level radiation（1）A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3. 3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day（2）AS well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density residential areas. （3）The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children（4）He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates.（5）According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide-ranging inquiry into possible health effects.A He says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults.B By the year 20004 it is estimated that Australia will have8 million mobile phones: nearly one for every two people:C "If mobile phones' are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label' until proper shields can be devised," he said.D Then who finances the research?E For example, Telstra, Optus and V odaphone build their towers where it is geographically suit-able to them and disregard the need of the community.F The conclusion is that mobile phones brings more harm than benefit（C、B、E、A、D）（二）The wor ld’s longest bridge（世界上最长的桥）Rumor has it that' a legendary six-headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily.（1）When completed in 2010, the world's longest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons - equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic – and stretch 5 kilometers long. "That's nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built,'' says structural engineer Shane Rixon.（2）They're suspension bridges, massive structures built to span vast water channels or. A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structure's mammoth weight, thanks to hefty supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge. The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54,100-ton towers, which will support most of the bridge's load. The beefy cables of the bridge, each 1. 2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built.When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be to erect370 meter-tall steel towers（3）Getting these cables up will be something'. It's not just their, length - totally 5. 3 kilometers but their weight （4）After lowering vertical " suspender" cables from the main cables, builders will erect a 60-me-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck - wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic. deck's weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139,000 tons - equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential（5）A Some environmentalists are against the project on biological grounds.B What do the world's longest bridges have in common?C If true, one day you might spy the beast while zipping across the Messina StraitBridge.D They're what will keep the bridge from going anywhere.E The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait, each set being a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires.F They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons - more than half the bridge's total mass.(C、B、E、F、D)（三）Reinventing the table（重新发明元素周期表）An earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table' to make chemistry simpler to teach to students.(1) But Bruce Railsback from the University of Georgia says he is the first to create a table that breaks with tradition and shows the ions of each element rather than just the elements themselves."I got tired of breaking my arms trying to explain the periodic table to earth students," he says, criss-crossing his hands in the air and pointing to different bits of a traditional table.（2）But he has added' contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which."Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of what's going on with the elements, "says Albert from the University of Cambridge.（3）（4）He explains that sulphur, for example, shows up in three different spots - one for sulphide, which is found in minerals, one for sulphite, and one for sulphate, which is found in sea salt, for instance.He has also included symbols to show which ions are nutrients, and which are common in soil or water.（5）A There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in 1871.B Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have.C "I imagine this would be good for undergraduates.D "Railsback has listed some elements more than once.E And the size of element's symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earth's crust.F The traditional periodic table was well drawn.（A、B、C、D、E）（四）Don’t rely on plankton to save the planet（不要靠浮游生物拯救这个地球）Encouraging plankton growth in the ocean has been touted by some as a promising way to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere（1）Adding iron to patches of ocean can make plankton bloom temporarily. The microscopic organisms suck up dissolved carbon dioxide from the water, which in turn is replaced by carbon dioxide from the air.（2）Jorge Sarmiento from Princeton and his colleagues developed a complex computer model to analyse how factors such as ocean chemistry and water circulation would affect the process if 160,000square kilometres of ocean were seeded with iron for a month.（3）In their scenario, which covers an area 10 times as big as the largest experiment of this kind ever proposed, fertilising the ocean removes 1 million tonnes of carbon from the atmosphere —just 0. 2 per cent of the carbon dioxide humankind spews out each month.Rough estimates in the past have predicted similarly disappointing results. （4）says Sallie Chisholm, an environmental engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "But the take-home message is the same（5）A Its opponents argue, however, that it will stop global warming.B Its opponents fear that it will damage the marine ecosystem, and now a computer model showsthat the trick would also be remarkably inefficient.C As plankton die and settle on the ocean floor, their carbon is supposedly locked up in the seabed.D They found that 100 years later only between 2 and -11 per cent, of the extra carbon that was originally taken up by plankton had actually been removed from the atmosphere.E "These are newer and better modelsF Ocean fertilisation is not the answer to global warming.（B、C、D、E、F）（五）The magic of sound（奇妙的声音）Music is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expressions ever invented. In movies and plays, music has an added function : it not only moves people but also can shock people. Is it true that an ordinary musical instrument can be so powerful?Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels. Once sound exceeds this limit , even beautiful music will become ear-splitting noise 3 and harm health. A strong blast of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet.（1）The noise from a plane's engine is over 140 decibels. However, the sound of a flute is at most a few decibels.（2）It has been proven that people who have worked in an environment with a high sound intensity for a long time suffer varying degrees of heart disease or altered brain waves. In movies, sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can't hear and only those who have the same ability can feel. In nature, there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics, the sound that exceeds20,000 Hz is called ultrasonic. （3）It does no harm to health.Sound less than 20 Hz is called infrasonic waves. When we move, the air will vibrate.（4）As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people's internal organs, infrasonic wave may cause resonance in human bodies. As a result, people's vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture. However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity. If its intensity is very low, it won't damage internal organs or a person's health.（5）When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea, it will produce infrasonic waves decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present, scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric powerA High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat.B The vibration of air can produce infrasonic waves.C We cannot play high-pitched music with ordinary musical instruments.D If the intensity of infrasonic wave exceeds 160 decibels, it is extremely harmful.E Dolphins, whales and bats can make such high-frequency sound.F Therefore, the sound of ordinary musical instruments cannot harm your health.（A、F、E、B、D）（六）Dung to death（施肥致死）Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant "superbugs".The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm. （1）Some 120,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth.（2）Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat.3 But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says S tephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf.（3）With millions of tons of animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten.（4）Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. （5）His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage treatment.A They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water.B And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.C Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.D But recent research has found a direct 0link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.E His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animal feed.F They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields（E、D、B、F、A）（七）Time in the animal world（动物界中的时间）Rhythm controls everything in Nature.（1）The sun provides a basic time rhythm for all living creatures including humans. Nearly all animals are influenced by sun cycles and have developed a biological clock in their bodies following these cycles. The moon also exerts its force and influence on the sea. Its gravitational attraction causes the rising of the tide. （2）When the moon is behind the Earth, centrifugal force cause the second tide of the day. Animals living in tidal areas must have the instinct of predicting these changes, to avoid being stranded and dyingof dehydration. Since the time of the dinosaurs, the king crab has been laying eggs at the seaside in a set way. To avoid predator fish 3 , the eggs are always far from seawater and protected by sand. In the following two months, the eggs undergo dramatic changes related to the cycles of the moon. When the second spring tide comes, the young king crabs have matured.（3）Most of the mammals, either the giant-elephant or the small shrew, have the same average total number of heartbeats in their lifetime. Shrews live only for two and a half years, and spend their life at a high speed and high tempo. Animals like shrews with a pulse rate of 600 per minute have an average total of eight. hundred million heartbeats throughout their life The African elephant has a pulse rateof 25 beats per minute, and a life span 6 of 60 years. The size of the body determines the speed of life.（4）As we get older, our sense of time is being influenced by the physiological changes of our body. The elderly spend more time resting, and do few sports（5）For a child, a week is seen as a long time.A For an adult; 'time goes fast year by year.,B It 'controls, for example, the flapping of birds' wings, the beating of the heart and the rising and setting of the sun.C The larger the animal is, the longer its life span is and the slower its life tempo isD The tide goes out when the moon moves away and its attraction is weaker.E We always tend to think' all the animals have the same sense of time as human beings.F The second spring tide` takes them back to the sea.（B、D、F、C、A）（八）W atching Microcurrents flow（观察微电流流程）We can now watch electricity as it flows through even the tiniest circuits. By scanning the magnetic field generated as electric .currents flow through objects, physicists have managed（1）The technology will allow manufacturers to scan microchips for faults, as well as revealing microscopic defects in anything from aircraft to banknotes.Xiao and Ben Schrag at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, visualize the current by measuring subtle changes in the magnetic field of an object and （2）Their sensor is adapted' from an existing piece of technology that is used to measure large magnetic fields in computer hard drives. " We redesigned the magnetic sensor to make it capable of measuring very weak changes in magnetic fields," says Xiao.The resulting device is capable of detecting a current as weak as 10 microamperes, even when wire is buried deep within a chip, and it shows up features as small as 40 nanometers across.At present, engineers looking for defects in a chip have to peel off the layers and examine the circuits visually; this is one of the obstacles （3）But the new magnetic microscope is sensitive enough to look inside chips and reveal faults such as short circuits, nicks in the wires or electro migration —where a dense area of current picks up surrounding atoms and moves them along. "It is like watching a river flow," explains Xiao.As well as scanning tiny circuits, the microscope can be used to reveal the internal structure of any object capable of conducting electricity. 3 For example, it could look directly at microscopic cracks in an aeroplane’s fuselage（4）The technique cannot yet pick up electrical activityin the human brain because the current there is too small, but Xiao doesn't rule it out in the future." I can never say never," he says.Although the researchers have only just made the technical details of the microscope public, it already on sale, from electronics company Micro Magnetics in Fall River, Massachusetts. It is the size of a refrigerator and takes several minutes to scan a circuit, but Xiao and Schrag are working （5）A to shrink it to the size of a desktop computer and cut the scanning time to 30 seconds.B to making chips any smaller.C to take tiny chips we require.D to picture the progress of the currents.E converting the information into a color picture showing the density of current at each point.F faults in the metal strip of a forged banknote or bacteriain a water sample（D、E、B、F、A）（九）Heat is killer（高温杀手）Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems - even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year. （1）. Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. （2）. Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.（3）Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials; avoid wearing synthetic clothing. Make sure the clothing is loose, permitting freedom of movement. And learn the danger signs of the medical problems, such as headache and vomiting, that are linked to heat. Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress.（4）The pain is a warning that the body is. becoming too hot2. Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity and rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids. Do not return to physical activity 3 for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop.Doctors say some people face an increased danger from heat stress.（5）.Hot weather also increases dangers for-people who must take medicine for high blood pressure, poor blood flow, nervousness or depressionA Such persons have a ,,weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other, problems of the blood system.B Several of these conditions are present at the same time.C Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress.D Several of days are considered a heat wave:E So does extreme heat.F Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat.（E、D、F、C、A）（十）High Dive（从高空往下跳）Cheryl Sterns aims to go boldly where no human, has ever gone before in a balloon; 40 kilometers up into the atmosphere.（1）No one has ever leapt from such a height or gone supersonic without an airplane or a spacecraft. Y et Sterns, an airline pilot, is not the only person who wants to be the first to accomplish those feats. Two other brave people, an Australian man and a Frenchman, are also planning to make similar leaps.（2）First, she'll climb into a cabin hanging from a balloon the size of a football field. Then the balloon will take her high into the stratosphere - the layer of Earth's atmosphere 12 to 50 kilometers above the planet. "The ascent will take two and a half to three hours," said Sterns. "I'll be wearing a fully pressurized, temperature-controlled space suit."At 40 kilometers, Sterns will be able to see the gentle curve of Earth and the blackness of space over head. Then she'll unclip herself from the cabin and dive headfirst, like a bullet, into the atmosphere. （3）For high dive, astronaut escape suits are a key to success. Current pilot and astronaut escape suits are guaranteed only a maximum altitude of 21 kilometers. Del Rosso, a NASA engineer of spacesuits and life-support systems, said the suit designed for Stern's jump could serve as a model for the lethal environment of higher climbs. （4）The first hazard is oxygen-deficient air. Any person without an additional oxygen supply, at 40 kilometers would die within three tofive seconds. The second hazard is low atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is much lower at high altitudes than it is at sea level. The low atmospheric pressure of the upper stratosphere causes the gases in body fluids to fizz out of solution like soda bubbles.（5 ）Other hazards include temperatures as low as -55 degrees Celsius, flying debris, and solar radiation.For Sterns to survive, her spacesuit will have to protect her from all of these hazards. " A spacesuit is like aone-person spaceship, " Del Rosso explained. "Y ou have to take everything you need in a package that's light enough, mobile enough, and tough enough to do the job. Y ou can't exist without it.A It will handle several major hazards.B Escape suits are tough enough to stand the atmospheric pressure of the upper stratosphere.C From there, she'll take a death-defying leap back to Earth at supersonic speed.D "In 30 seconds, I'll be going Mach (?} ) speed," said Sterns.E How will Sterns make her giant jump?F In short, blood boils.（C、E、D、A、F）（十一）Virtual Driver（虚拟驾驶员）Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzing with a brain, and coordination between hands, feet and brain.A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body. ___1___. Apparently there isn’t anyone in the driver’s cab, but there is in fact a virtual driver1. This virtualdriver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot, you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system: abuilt-in computer. ___2___. The brain is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2, analyzing their position on the road, choosing the right path, and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver’s best advantage is that it reacts quickly. ___3___. However, it takes the world’s best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn’t include the time he needs to take action.With its rapid reaction and accurate control, the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at any time and in any place? ___4___. With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. ___5___. This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars, and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.A Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.B In the near future, intelligent cars will be put into commercial operation.C This is the brain of the car.D But how does an intelligent car control itself?E It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds.F However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.（D、C、E、A、F）（十二）Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills（音乐训练可以提高交流技能）American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation. They found that developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak. The scientists believe that1 could help children with learning disabilities.（1）. She says musical training involves putting together different kinds of information, such as hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians. This process is not much different from learning how to speak.（2）.The further explains musical training and learning to speak each make us think about what we are doing2. She says speech and music pass through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem. （3）. Until recently, experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed. But Professor Kranss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.The study involved individuals with different levels of musical ability. They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures brain activity. The Individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument -- the cello.（4）. The study found that the more years of training people had, the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music3. Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the improvement of sensory events was the strongest. （5）.She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they hear sentences and understand facial expressions better.A Both involve different senses.B Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist at Northwestern University in Illinois.C Some disabled children attended the musical training Class.D It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities.E Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech.F The brain stem controls our ability to hear.（B、A、F、E、D）。

2015职称英语补全短文练习十篇

2015年职称英语补全短文练习（一）What We Take from and Give to the SeaAs long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.We take fishes from the ocean --millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. (1) We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. (2) Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too1. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. (3) Seaweed becomes food of many kinds-even candy, and ice cream — as well as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water.(4) But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed.In the future，we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. (5) Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas,we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.A Natural sponges become cleaning aids.B We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.C The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller.D Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation.E We even use their bones for fertilizer.F Some of its contents may cause illness.（二）Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus，trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.(1) They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services，and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. ⑵Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling.(3)Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts，considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. (4)(5) Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers，and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.练习：A The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers，including car-rental and sight-seeing services.B They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.C Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs.D As a result of teamwork, tourism is flouring in all countries.E Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.F In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel-planes，ships，trains，motorcoaches, car-rentals，and even car purchases.（三）Financial RisksSeveral types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing ; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.(1) They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing.(2) Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or any other disagreement over which payment is withheld. One company，for example，shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. (3) The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.Political risk relates to2 the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility3,expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. (4) Management information systems and— effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk4，so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market.Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years，most firms could take protectiveaction to minimize their unfavorable effects5. (5) International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. Before rates were permitted to float,devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.A Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses.B One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments.C Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business.1D The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards.E Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers to be especiallyaware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning.F Many international marketers go bankrupt each year because of exchange-rate fluctuation.（四）Development in Newspaper OrganizationOne of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century ______(1)_______, which are known as wire services. Wire-service companies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee for this service. Wire services continue _______(2)________. Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI). You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story.Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in the early 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers _______(3)______. A merger involves combining two or more papers into one. During the nineteenth century many cities had more than one competitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and _______(4)______. Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have combined ________(5)_______. Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry.A. to play an important role in newspaper operationsB. was the growth of telegraph servicesC. and they usually enjoy great prestigeD. they are usually operated by a single ownerE. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costsF. owned by a single person or organization（五）Bedwetting (尿床)Millions of kids and teenagers from every part of the world wet the bed every single night. It’s so common that there are probably other kids in your class who do it. Most kids don’t tell their friends, so it’s easy to feel kind of alone, like you might be the only one on the whole planet who wets the bed. ___1___.The fancy name for bedwetting is nocturnal enuresis. Enuresis runs in families. This means that if you urinate, or pee, while you are asleep, there’s a good chance that a close relative also did it when he or she was a kid. __2__.The most important thing to remember is that no one wets the bed on purpose. It doesn’t mean that you’re lazy or a slob. __3__. For some reason, kids who wet the bed are not able to feel that their bladders is full and don’t wake up to pee in the toilet. Sometimes a kid who wets the bed will have a realistic dream that he’s in the bathroom peeing –only to wake up later and discover he’s all wet. May kids who wet the bed are very deep sleepers. ___4___.Some kids who wet the bed do it every single night. Others wet some nights and are dry on others. A lot of kids say that they seem to be drier when they sleep at a friend’s or a relative’s house. __5__. So the brain may be thinking, ―Hey, Don’t wet someone else’s bed! ‖ This can help you stay dry if you’re not aware of it.A. The good news is that almost all kids who wet the bed eventually stop.B. Trying to wake up someone who wets the bed is often like trying to wake a log—they just stay asleep.C. It’s something you can’t help doing.D. just like you may have inherited your mom’s blue eyes or your uncles’ long legs, you probably inherited bedwetting, too.E. That’s because kids who are anxious about wetting the bed may no sleep much or only ve ry lightly.F. But you are not alone.(六)Most people know that cigarette smoking is harmful to their health. Scientific research shows that it causes many kinds of diseases. In fact, many people who smoke get lung cancel However, Edward Gilson has lung cancer, and he has never smoked cigarettes. He lives with his wife, Evelyn, who has smoked about a pack of cigarettes a day throughout their marriage. __________.(46)No one knows for sure why Mr. Gilson has lung cancer. Nevertheless, doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke because nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke. from other people’s cigarettes.__________ (47)The US Environmental Protection Agency reports that about 53,000 people die in the United States each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past. scientists did not也ink that these chemicals could harm a nonsmoker’s health. __________ (48)They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic(有毒的)chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of US breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted. It iS even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke.__________ (49)Research shows that children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are sick more often than children who live in homes where no one smokes and that the children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as are children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for children who live in homes where both parents smokePeople are becoming very aware of the dangers of secondhand smoke. __________ (50)A Recently,though,scientists changed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers.B The Gilsons have been married for 35 years.C 111is smoke is called secondhand smoke.D However, secondhand smoke is dangerous to all people,old or young.E As a result,they have passed laws which prohibit people from smoking in many public places. .F In the United States,nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker.（七）Caribbean IslandsWhat would you See if you took a cruise to the Cartbbean Islands? Palm trees and coconuts (椰子)?White beaches and clear，blue ocean?Colorful corals(珊瑚)and even more colorful fishes and birds?You bet There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea.They are famous for their warm，tropical climate and great natural beauty.The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of me Atlantic Ocean，Some of the islands were formed by the eruption(爆发)of ancient volcanoes(火山)______(46) The Caribbean Islands are known by several names._____(47)The explorer Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near the coast of ter,Spain and France called the islands the Antilles.There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea_______(48)These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles Together, they account for about 90 percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller.Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers (小片)of exposed coral.You can see why pirates(海盗)such as the famous Blackbeard satled these waters._____(49) The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands.This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year______(50)A But 1ife Oil the Caribbean Islands iS not always painful.B The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies，later changed to the West Indies.C Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose from the oceanD They are Cuba，Puerto Rico，Jamaica，and Hispaniola.E Many tourists arrive on cruise ships.F There are countless smallislands to bury treasure or hide on.（八）A Heroic WomanThe whole of the United States cheered its latest hero, Ashley Smith, with the Federal Bureau of Investigation saying it was planning to give a big reward to her for having a brave heart and wise mind. (46)She was moving into her apartment in Atlanta, Georgia early on the morning of March 12,when a man followed her to her door and put a gun to her side. “I started walking to my door, and I felt really, really afraid,”she said in a TV interview last week. The man was Brian Nichols,33.He was suspected of killing three people at an Atlantacourthouse(法院)on March 11 and later of killing a federal agent. (47) Nichols tied Smith up with tape, butreleased her after she repeatedly begged him not to take her life. “I told him if he hurt me, my little girl wouldn’t have a mummy,”she said. In order to calm the man down, she read to him from “The Purpose-Driven Life”,a best-selling religious book. He asked her to repeat a paragraph “about what you thought your purpose in lifewas-what talents were you given.”(48) “I basically just talked to him and tried to gain his trust,”Smith said.Smith said she asked Nichols why he chose her. “He said he thought I was an angel sent from God, and we were Christian sister and brother,”she said. “And that he was lost, and that God led him to me to tell him that he had hurt a lot of people.”(49)She said Nichols was surprised when she made him breakfast and that the two of them watched television coverage(报道)of the police hunt for him. “I cannot believe that’s me,”Nichols told the woman. Then, Nichols asked Smith what she thought he should do. She said, “I think you should turn yourself in.If you don’t, lots more people are going to get hurt.”Eventually, he let her go. (50)A US$60,000 reward had been posted for Nichols’capture. Authorities said they did not yet know if Smith would be eligible(有资格的)for that money.A The local police were searching for him.B Smith is a 26-year-old single mother with a daughter.C Smith tried very hard to kill Nichols.D She even cooked breakfast for the man before he allowed her to leave.E And the two of them discussed this topic.F Then she called the police.（九）You Need Courage!Shortly after I began a career in business, I learned that Carl Weatherup, president of PepsiCo (百事可乐公司), was speaking at the University of Colorado. I tracked down the person handling his schedule and managed to get myself an appointment. .(46)So there I was sitting outside the university's auditorium, waiting for the president of PepsiCo. I could hear him talking to the students.., and talking, and talking. (47) He was now five minutes over, which dropped my timewith him down to 10 minutes. Decision time.I wrote a note on the back of my business card, reminding him that he had a meeting. "You have a meeting with Jeff Hoye at 2:30 p.m." I took a deep breath, pushed open the doors of the auditorium and walked straight up the middle aisle (过道) toward him as he talked. Mr. Weatherup stopped. (48) Just before I reached the door, I heard him tell the group that he was running late. He thanked them for their attention, wished them luck and walked out to where I was now sitting, holding my breath.He looked at the card and then at me. "Let me guess," he said. "You're Jeff." He smiled.(49) He spent the next 30 minutes offering me his time, some wonderful stories that I still use, and an invitation to visit him and his group in New York. But what he gave me that I value the most was the encouragement to continue to do as I had done. (50) When things need to happen, you either have the nerve to act or you don't.A I began breathing again and we grabbed (霸占) an office right there at school and closed the door.B As I sat listening to him, I knew that I could trust him, and that he deserved every bit of loyalty I could give to him.C I became alarmed: his talk wasn't ending when it should have.D He said that it took nerve for me to interrupt him, and that nerve was the key to success in the business world.E I was told, however, that he was on a tight schedule and only had 15 minutes available after his talk to the business class.F I handed him the card then I turned and walked out the way I came.（十）The Building of the PyramidsThe oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems like that _____(1)_____. There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, ____(2)____. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape _____(3)_____. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids_____(4)____. However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning_____(5)_____. The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to b overcome.A for stone to use in modern buildingsB has made them less likely to fall into ruinC before they could begin to buildD because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preservedE while building the pyramidsF they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet（一）答案与题解：1.E前面二句讲了我们从大海捕捉大量的鱼供人们食用，这句接着讲―甚至连鱼的骨头也被用来做化肥‖。

职称英语等级考试补全短文训练

职称英语等级考试补全短文训练职称英语等级考试补全短文训练Development in Newspaper Organization转自: -[]One of the most important developments in newspaper organization during the first part of the twentieth century (1), which are known as wire services. Wire-service panies employed reporters, who covered stories all over the world. Their news reports were sent to papers throughout the country by telegraph. The papers paid an annual fee forthis service. Wire services continue (2). Today the major wire services are the Associated Press (AP) and UnitedPress International (UPI). You will frequently find AP or UPI at the beginning of a news story.Newspaper chains and mergers began to appear in theearly 1900s. A chain consists of two or more newspapers (3).A merger involves bining two or more papers into one.During the nieenth century many cities had more than one petitive independent paper. Today in most cities there are only one or two newspapers, and (4). Often newspapers in several cities belong to one chain. Papers have bined (5). Chains and mergers have cut down production costs and brought the advantages of big-business methods to the newspaper industry.A. to play an important role in newspaper operationsB. was the growth of telegraph servicesC. and they usually enjoy great prestigeD. they are usually operated by a single ownerE. in order to survive under the pressure of rising costsF. owned by a single person or organizationKEY: BAFDE。

职称英语试题综合B级补全短文模拟题及答案

职称英语试题综合B级补全短文模拟题及答案补全短文(第46．50题，每题2分，，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

The Building of the PyramidsThe oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likethat __________(46). There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the tree pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often,__________(47). The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape__________ (48). These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids __________(49).However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless,by examining the actual pyramids and varioustools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.One thing is certain： there must have been months of careful planning __________(50). The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere.Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.第46题___________A．for stone to use in modern buildingsB．has made them less likely to fall into ruinC．before they could begin to buildD．because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preservedE．while building the pyramidsF．they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet第47题___________A．for stone to use in modern buildingsB．has made them less likely to fall into ruinC．before they could begin to buildD．because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preservedE．while building the pyramidsF．they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet第48题___________A．for stone to use in modern buildingsB．has made them less likely to fall into ruinC．before they could begin to buildD．because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preservedE．while building the pyramidsF．they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet第49题___________A．for stone to use in modern buildingsB．has made them less likely to fall into ruinC．before they could begin to buildD．because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preservedE．while building the pyramidsF．they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet第50题___________A．for stone to use in modern buildingsB．has made them less likely to fall into ruinC．before they could begin to buildD．because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preservedE．while building the pyramidsF．they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet46.答案：F。

职称英语考试理工类补全短文练习

职称英语考试理工类补全短文练习2017年职称英语考试理工类补全短文练习考试的通过离不开大量的习题练习，习题练习的'过程可以加深对知识点的记忆。

以下店铺整理的2017年职称英语考试理工类补全短文练习，希望对大家有所帮助，更多信息请关注应届毕业生网!职称英语理工类补全短文练习一Success StoriesOne of the most successful fashion companies in the world is Benetton.The Benetton family opened their first shop in Italy in 1968.(46) Benetton followed four marketing principles in order to achieve their success.The first principle is Consumer Concept.To build a successful business,you have to develop products around things people value,especially quality.(47) He created clothes to match people's wants: the style is casual;the colors and patterns are bold;and the quality is excellent.The System Link is another feature of good marketing.For Benetton,this means waiting to get information about what customers like and what they dislike before making the clothes.(48)The Information Link means making sure the company responds quickly to people's demands.(49) This information is then sent to the main office in Italy.Benetton can use this information to identify popular products and to continue making them;it can also identify less popular products and stop making them.A final important marketing principle is the Retail Link.There are Benentton stores in countries around the world.All the stores have the same clothing,the same window displays,and the same approach to sales.(50)The things people like about Benetton stores are that the quality is always high and the prices are generally low.And that spells success.A.The founder of Benetton began by asking people what they wanted.B.There used to be a good reason for this.C.When something is sold at a Benetton store,the store records information about the type,size,and color of the item.D.Today,there are Benetton shops in major cities all over the world.E.This means that customers can go into any Benetton store in the world and be sure of what they are buying.F.In other words,Benetton's clothes are made to order.答案：DAFCE职称英语理工类补全短文练习二How to Interview PeopleInterviewing (采访) is one of those skills that you can only get better at.You will never again feel so ill at ease as when you try it for the first time,and probably you'll never feel entirely comfortable trying to get from another person answers that he or she may be too shy to reveal.(46) The rest is instinct,which can all be learned with experience.The basic tools for an interview are paper and two or three well-sharpened pencils.But keep your notebook or paper out of sight until you need it.There's nothing less likely to relax a person than the arrival of someone with a note-taking pad.(47) Take a while just to chat,judging what sort of person you're dealing with,getting him or her to trust you.Never go into an interview without doing whateverhomework you can.If you are interviewing a town official,know his voting record.If it's an actor,know what plays he has been in.(48)Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets.(49) Unless the person really hates being interviewed,he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him.Most men and women lead lives that are uninteresting,and they grasp any chance to talk to an outsider who seems eager to listen.This doesn't necessarily mean that it will go well.In general you will be talking to people who have never been interviewed before,and they will get used to the process awkwardly,perhaps not giving you anything that you can use.(50) You will both even begin to enjoy it - proof that you aren't forcing your victim to do something he doesn't really want to.e back another day; it will go better.B.But at least half of the skill is mechanical.C.As one philosopher interviewed in the film notes,they lack irony.D.You will not be liked if you inquire about facts that you could have learned in advance.E.This fear is almost 100 percent unnecessary.F.Both of you need time to get to know each other.答案：BFDEA【2017年职称英语考试理工类补全短文练习】。

职称英语测试题：卫生类-补全短文

职称英语测试题：卫生类-补全短文补全短文You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help,Dr.Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but you must stay up late anyway.Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to.If your energyis low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour.This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning,he should _______.A、change his energy cycleB、overcome his lazinessC、get up earlier than usualD、go to bed earlier【准确答案】 C【答案解析】本题要求读者找出本段中的最后两句，并联系本段开头两句的意思，作出准确判断。

本段开头说，“虽然你无法改变自己的能量周期，但你能够使你的生活适合这个周期。

Dr. Kleitman认为经常性的行为(对你的能量周期)能起作用。

职称英语卫生类综合-补全短文

职称英语卫生类综合-补全短文(总分：72.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、补全短文(总题数：36，分数：72.00)1.A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties.1 They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.∙ A. Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity.∙ B. This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.∙ C. The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man.∙ D. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.∙ E. But it is no unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.∙ F. If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a "team game".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：2.There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill.1 The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?∙ A. If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to "play safe".∙ B. I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience.∙ C. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability.∙ D. That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.∙ E. There are far too many spelling errors and technical abilities in writing.∙ F. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous languag（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：3.People have always tried to "type" each other. Actors in early Greek drama wore masks to show the audience whether they played the villain's (坏人) or the hero's role. In fact, the words "person" and "personality" come from the Latin persona, meaning "mask. " Today, most televisionand movie actors do not wear masks.∙ A. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another.∙ B. Like the human face, human personality is very complex.∙ C. But we can easily tell the "good guys" from the "bad guys" because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.E. Bookworms, conservatives, military types--people are described with such terms.F. We also tell people apart by how they behav（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：4.Now it's true that the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us adjust to the world. Without our nerves and our brain, which is a bundle of nerves - we wouldn't know what's happening. 1 We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain.∙ A. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.∙ B. The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it.∙ C. However, many of us cannot stand pain.∙ D. Look at the Indian fakir (行僧) who sits on a bed of nails.∙ E. We demand the ctneedie" -a shot of novocaine (奴佛卡因，一种局部麻醉剂) - that deadens the nerves around the tooth.∙ F. But we pay for our sensitivity.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：5.By the fourth week of July conditions in the tropics lay balanced between life and total death. Then quite suddenly rain clouds appeared over the whole globe. The temperature declined a little, due no doubt to the clouds reflecting more of the Sun's radiation back into space. 1 Warm rain fell everywhere, even as far north as Iceland. The insect population increased enormously, since the burning hot atmosphere was as favorable to them as it was unfavorable to Man many other animals.∙ A. All human movement ceased.∙ B. More than seven hundred million persons are known to have lost their lives.∙ C. A mysterious "black cloud" approaches the earth--our planet's weather is severely affected.∙ D. Occasionally air - conditioning units failed and it was then that fatalities occurred.∙ E. There was nothing to be done but to lie breathing quickly as a dog does in hot weather.∙ F. But conditions could not be said to have improve（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：6.There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on thefamily are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit (信任) - not all the blame. We have almost given up saying that awoman's place is the home. 1 Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.∙ A. We are beginning, howevel to analyze men's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it.∙ B. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.∙ C. Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences.∙ D. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family.∙ E. The ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is connected not only with a healthy democracy, but also with a healthy family.∙ F. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the "battle of the sexes".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：7.Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion: positive and negative. Positive emotions include love, liking, joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. 1 They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. In growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.∙ A. Emotions, however, may be weak or strong.∙ B. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion.∙ C. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world.∙ D. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.∙ E. For example, a student taking all examination may be so worried about failing that hecannot think properly.∙ F. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfie（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：8.Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons: they are sick, they do not have any motivation (动力). They have family problems, or they do not believe that they can find a job. 1 Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.∙ A. At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the country in the following ways.∙ B. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living.∙ C. Other poor people look for a job but cannot find one.∙ D. In 1975 over 18million people in the United States received Welfare.∙ E. As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too.∙ F. Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：9.Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you ever wonder how it is possible for us to recognize people? 1 Yet a very young child--or even an animal, such as a pigeon -can learn to recognize faces. We all take this ability for granted.∙ A. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another∙ B. Like the human face, human personality is very complex.∙ C. But we can easily tell the "good guys" from the "bad guys" because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.E. Bookworms, conservatives, military types -people are described with such terms.F. We also tell people apart by how they behav（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：10.We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen? When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?" 1 When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.∙ A. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.∙ B. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.∙ C. And if we don't really listen we miss the feeling behind the words.∙ D. But there's a bit of envy in those words.∙ E. Why do we go wrong about our friends - or our enemies?∙ F. "And Paul -why didn't pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?"（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：11.Dreams are a product of the sleeper's mind. They include events and feelings that he has experienced. Most dreams are related to events of the day before the dream and strong wishes of the dreamer. Many minor incidents of the hours before sleep appear in dreams. Few events more than two days old turn up. 1 Events in the sleeper's surrounding, a loud noise, for example, may become part of a dream, but they do not cause dreams.∙ A. Psychiatrists (精神病医生) often use material from a patient's dreams to help the person understand himself better.∙ B. Deep wishes or fears - especially those held since childhood--often appear in dreams, and many dreams fulfill such wishes.∙ C. Most dreams occur in color, but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams.∙ D. Dreaming may help maintain good learning ability, memory, and emotional adjustment.∙ E. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him.∙ F. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer's lif（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：12.Hurricane clouds move in a circle around a point called the eye, which is the center of the storm. To be called a hurricane, a storm must have wind speeds of at least 74 miles per hour. When a hurricane comes ashore, there are heavy rains, large waves and strong winds that cause damage to buildings, cars and trees. 1 Storm surges are the main reason people are told to leave beach towns and move inland when a hurricane approaches. Hurricanes move very slowly though, so people have a chance to get out of the way.∙ A. Hurricanes gather heat and energy from the warm ocean water.∙ B. The first hurricane name starts with the letter A, like Ashley, and the names move through the alphabet as more hurricanes form.∙ C. Meteorologists, scientists who study the weather, watch these storms very carefully.∙ D. During the official hurricane season, these large storms sometimes hit coastal areas of the United States.∙ E. This year, the United States has been hit by more damaging hurricanes than in any other year.∙ F. Also, flooding can occur when large waves called storm surges hit the beaches.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：13.Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. 1 The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination.∙ A. Emotions, however, may be weak or strong.∙ B. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion.∙ C. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world.∙ D. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion.∙ E. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly.∙ F. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfie（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：14.Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find the reason why it does not work. 1 He must make his problem more specific.∙ A. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing.∙ B. Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem.∙ C. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.∙ D. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the flame.∙ E. After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution.∙ F. In short, he has solved the problem.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）解析：15.There are many words to describe how a person thinks, feels and acts. Gordon all ports, an American psychologist, found nearly 18000 English words characterizing differences in people's behavior. And many of us use this information as a basis for describing, or typing, his personality.∙ A. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another.∙ B. Like the human face, human personality is very complex.∙ C. But we can easily tell the "good guys" from the "bad guys" because the two types differ in appearance as well as in actions.E. Bookworms, conservatives, military types -people are described with such terms.F. We also tell people apart by how they behav（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E）解析：16. 1 If the dentist says," This will hurt a little," it helps us to accept the pain. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation (感觉), we can handle the pain without falling apart. After all, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff, of life.∙ A. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.∙ B. The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it.∙ C. However, many of us cannot stand pain.∙ D. Look at the Indian fakir (行僧) who sits on a bed ofnails.∙ E. We demand the "needle" - a shot of novocaine (奴佛卡因，一种局部麻醉剂) - that deadens the nerves around the tooth.∙ F. But we pay for our sensitivity.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：17.To most, common sense means the ability to present sound, practical judgments on everyday affairs. To do this, one has to sweep aside extra ideas and get right to the core of what matters.1 In conduction of meeting and dealing with industry reducing a complex problem to the simplest term is highly important. "∙ A. And 61 percent say that common sense was very important in contributing to their success.∙ B. Besides common sense, there are many other factors that influence success: knowing your field, self - reliance, intelligence, the ability to get things done, leadership, creativity, relationships with others, and of course, luck.∙ C. At the Gallop Organization we recently focused in depth on success, probing the aaitudes of 1500 prominent people selected at random from who's who in America.∙ D. A Texas oil and gas businessman puts it this way: "The key ability for success is simplifying.∙ E. If you develop these qualities, you'll succeed.∙ F. Another way to increase your store of common sense is to observe it in others, learning from their--and your own--mistakes.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）解析：18.Today, Extreme Free Diving sinks to depths approaching 400 feet, using weights to help them descend vertically into the big blue depths of cold and darkness that surround the earth. Extreme Free Diving is truly a breathtaking sport. One day adding the word" Deeper" to the Olympic motto of "Swifter, Higher, Stronger" looks like a sure bet. The legendary Yorgos Haggi Statti would wipe water from his eyes, smile, and nod in approval.∙ A. Free divers like Italian Umberto Pelizzari and Cuban Pipin Ferreras frequently break world records by diving without the use of wet suits, fins, or oxygen tanks.∙ B. Extreme Free Diving has become very competitive and is exploding in popularity with "extreme" divers wherever athletes live near a sea.∙ C. If accepted into the Olympics, EFD could make the Olympics' organizers think about adding a new Latin term into the motto that we could translate as "Deeper. "∙ D. Most of us think of deep water diving as the use of snorkels (通气管), masks, and fins to help us dive down beneath the surface of the water.∙ E. Scuba (水中呼吸器) divers wear wet suits made out of material to protect against the cold; they need oxygen and other equipment that enable them to safely breathe while traveling deep beneath the surface of the sea.∙ F. But is it the ultimate underwater extreme sport for those who like to live on the edge?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：19.Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains?∙ A. Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity.∙ B. This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.∙ C. The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man.∙ D. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.∙ E. But it is no unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.∙ F. If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a "team game".（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：20.The tension between a yearning for a more relaxed lifestyle and the knowledge that the benchmark for success has been raised in recent years weighs heavily on the minds of the townspeople. 1 They are afraid that any gap in their children's physical or intellectual development might mean they won't be admitted to the" right" universities and won't succeed in a more and more competitive world.∙ A. Younger students took "Save the Date for Me" fliers home to their parents.∙ B. Nevertheless, it seems that Family Night worked, at least to a point.∙ C. And schools and clubs agreed to cancel homework and meetings so families could relaxand be together.∙ D. But sadly, few families believe that one night will change their lives.∙ E. For a few months before Fami Night, a committee of volunteers worked hard to spread the word.∙ F. Parents feel obligated to make sure their children are prepared to survive in today's high - pressure work environment.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：21. 1 In the first place, Britain had the money necessary to finance the larger enterprises. England's supremacy on the seas had encouraged commerce, and Englishmen had been amassing wealth through there commerce and industry. The newly rich class in that country were not the aristocratic (贵族) group, but merchants and businessmen who were willing to devote themselves to industry and scientific agriculture. The wealth of France, on the other hand, was largely in the hands of the nobility, and they were not willing to do the necessary work to develop industry.∙ A. Great Britain had undertaken very early the manufacturing of inexpensive and more practical products for which there would be ever -growing demand from the people.∙ B. There was coal in northern France, too, but France was late in tapping such resources because really everyone depended directly or indirectly on farming for his living.∙ C. On the other hard, France produced articles in the luxury class.∙ D. This had not been the case in France, which was still chiefly an agricultural country with peasants bound to their masters in many ways so they could not easily move to the cities.∙ E. So she was ready for methods that would make it possible to manufacture in large quantities.∙ F. There were several reasons why the Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain ratherthan in France, the other great powers of the day.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F）解析：22.Okinawans (日本冲绳) continue to practice martial arts, ride bicycles, dance, garden, walk, and fish well into theft old age, which helps keep them looking and feeling healthy. They have relaxed schedules, which reduces their stress levels. And they pay attention to their spirituality and their inner selves through prayer and meditation.∙ A. Okinawans living in Brazil and eating a typical Brazilian diet rich in red meat havea life expectancy 17 years lower than that of their countrymen in Okinawa.∙ B. Each of these behaviors is an important piece of the Okinawan formula for health andlongevity.∙ C. The Okinawan diet consists mostly of vegetables and whole grains.∙ D. But Okinawans enjoy riches of a different kind--they have the longest life--expectancy rate in the world.∙ E. So what is the secret to the Okinawans' health and longevity?∙ F. In fact, compared to the United States, Okinawa's death rate for coronary heart disease is 80% lower.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：23.These countries aim to exploit two contradictory facts: information can now be stored anywhere, but energy is most efficiently consumed close to the source. 1 Internet Villages International has joined up with Atlantis Resources, an engineer of ocean turbines, to develop technology that could power local data centers with energy from Scotland 's rugged seas Another company, Lockerbie Data Centres, is planning a green home and business communitycentered on a clean -energy data facility that runs on wind farms and a biomass plant.∙ A. Thus several Scottish IT developers are now planning nearly $ 3 billion in green datacenters that tap into Scotland's clean - electricity grid, 20 percent of which comes from renewables like wind.∙ B. Google disputes this number, but there's little doubt the IT industry is becoming one of the biggest contributors to global warming.∙ C. Iceland, struggling to recover from the financial crisis, may he even better poised to become a green data hub.∙ D. In the U. S. , data centers now account for 1.5 percent of total electricity use, and that's expected to double by 2011.∙ E. And a handful of cold northern nations are now looking to attract a piece of the $110 billion global industry.∙ F. Giant Internet companies are usually secretive about the size of their data centers and the energy they use, but Google says nine of its largest centers use at least 45 megawatts total, eight times the size of Veme Global's metri（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A）解析：24.That can be a good thing, with the Web serving as a kind of buffer zone (缓冲地带) for uncomfortable interaction. It's easier to face rejection, there aren't lulls in conversation or geographic boundaries - and social networking is like a window into the lives of potential mates. Say two people meet on Facebook, though a mutual friend. Immediately, they know whether the other person is single - without having to ask. 1 It's all the details a person might encounter on a first or second date, without ever having to go on one. As David Yarus, a recent graduate of Babson College, outside Boston, puts it: "Facebook has taken the potentially awkward first stages of flirting and getting to know someone into the comfort of your own home. "∙ A. It's easier to approach each other, to talk casually, to get to know one another and feel out romantic potential without ever having to truly put themselves out there.∙ B. "And you don't even have to be on the computer to engage in it. "∙ C. They can see where that person grew up, their political interests, whether they're "looking for a relationship" or only interested in" hooking up. "∙ D. As the thinking went, if you had to go to the Web to find a mate, or break up with one, it must have meant you weren't capable of attracting anyone in the real world.∙ E. Now a relationship may still begin by locking eyes across a crowded bar, but instead of asking for a phone number, the next step almost surely involves a Facebook friendship offer.∙ F. David Hein zinger, a 24 - year - old new - media specialist in New York. recently askeda girl he met at a happy hour to dinner.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：25.When I was a child, one of my favorite authors was Marguerite Henry. 1 Chincoteague is an island off the coast of Virginia and Maryland. For hundreds of years, wild ponies have lived on Chincoteague's neighboring island, Assateague. The ponies, like the ones in Henry's book, get to Chincoteague each year by swimming across the channel between the two islands.∙ A. I was so glad I was able to see them in person.∙ B. She wrote about wild ponies that live on the Island of Chincoteague.∙ C. The ponies are a significant part of the history of the islands of Chincoteague and Assateague.∙ D. They forage for food in the salty marshlands eating marsh grasses, seaweed and evenpoison ivy.∙ E. You too can begin learning about these beautiful, wild horses by reading Misty of Chincoteague.∙ F. Because it was so dark, no one in my family realized we had parked next to a paddock that held a herd of horses.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B）解析：26.They were about five miles from their destination when the music on the radio was interrupted by a news announcement: "The Cheshire police have issued a serious warning after a man escaped from Colford Mental Hospital earlier this evening. 1 He is described as large, very strong and extremely dangerous. People in the Cheshire area are warned to keep their doors and windows locked, and to call the police immediately if they see anyone acting strangely. "Marie shivered. "A crazy killer. And he's out there somewhere. That's scary. "∙ A. At last! Someone had come!∙ B. He quickly disappeared into the blackness.∙ C. The man, John Downey, is a murderer who killed six people before he was captured two years ago.∙ D. This car is losing power for some reason--it must be that old problem with the carburetor.∙ E. Marie quickly locked the doors and settled down under the blanket in the back for a long wait.∙ F. As they drove, they listened to the local radio station, which was playing classical musi（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：27.As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them. 1 I also know the pressure of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn't win the contest again? That's the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.∙ A. Yet, despite the competition, my 8 - year - old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories.∙ B. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher.∙ C. A revelation came last week when I asked her, " Don't you want to win again? ...'No." she replied, "I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade. "。

2015年职称英语补全短文汉文

补全短文部分第一篇What We Take from and Give to the Sea 论我们给予大海的以及向大海索取的自我们在地球上生活乏始，我们就开始利用环绕着陆地的海洋。

我们向海洋索取的同时也在给予。

我们从海里捕鱼——为了获取百万人的食物，我们每年在海里捕数千吨的鱼，甚至连鱼的骨头也被用来做化肥。

我们从海里获得物。

制盐的一种办法就是将海水放在浅底的水池里直至水分蒸发。

除了盐之外，水蒸发以后还有别的矿物质留下来，还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。

但是这些物质不能通过海水的蒸发而被我们获取。

海洋赐予我们的礼物还有珍珠丨海绵和海草。

珍珠能做成珠宝，海绵可用来作为清洗东西的物品，海草可加工成许多种食品，甚至糖果、冰淇淋以及药品。

不管你相不相信，淡水也是海洋赐予我们的礼物。

海水不能饮用，其中有些物质会致病。

但是去掉海水中的盐分后，海水就变成了淡水。

将来，我们会越来越依赖午从海水中取来的淡水。

海洋给予我们食物、化肥、矿物、水资源以及其他的礼物。

然而，我们又给予了大海什么呢？垃圾。

我们把大海当做垃圾桶的时候污染了大海。

海洋虽然巨大无边,却无法容纳所有我们倾倒进去的水。

把垃圾往大海里倾倒就是在把海洋生物杀绝灭尽。

然而，随着世界人口的增长，我们也许将会比以往任何时候都需要海洋以及它给人类带来的东西。

我们最终认识到，如果破坏了海洋，我们就将毁灭自己。

只希望这个认识还不算太迟。

第二篇Teamwork in Tourism旅游业中的团队合作不同旅游部门之间越来越多的合作证明对有关各方都有益。

政府机构、贸易与旅游协会、运输公司和房地产公司都一齐致力于为旅行者创造良好的条件。

旅游经纪人作为旅游计划的专家提出广泛的研究方案。

他们了解所有的旅游区和所有运输公司的服务。

他们的专长是组织不同类型的旅游活动以及准备有效的广告宣传。

他们把材料分发给旅行社。

这些材料包括杂志、小册子和广告项目。

他们提供熟悉情况和组织研讨问题的旅游，从而使旅行社在短时间内就能获得有关他们正在推出的旅行活动的第一手资料。

XX职称英语考前练习补全短文

XX职称英语考前练习补全短文补全短文阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

American DreamsThere is a mon response to America among foreign writers： the US is a land of extremes where the best of things are just as easily found as the worst. This is a cliché（陈词滥调）。

In the land of black and white，people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world. But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone.（1） No class system or government stands in the way.Sadly，this old argument is no longer true. Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy.The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened. （2）Over the past 25 years the median US family ine has gone up 18 per cent. For the top 1 per cent，however，it has gone up 200 per cent. Twenty-five years ago the topfifth of Americans had an average ine 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth. （3）Inequalities have grown worse in different regions. In California，ines for lower class families have fallen by 4 per cent since 1969. （4） This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans. The wealthiest 1 per cent of households now control a third of the national wealth. There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty. At 12.7 per cent of the population，it is the highest percentage in the developed world.Yet the tax burden on America's rich is falling，not growing. （5） There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole. But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.A Nobody is poor in the US.B The top 0.01 per cent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.C For upper class families they have risen 41 per cent.D Now it is 9.8 times.E As it does so，the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.F All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.。

职称英语综合类补全短文

职称英语综合类补全短文笔者为大家整理了2013年职称英语综合类补全短文,仅供参考！！Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most people，it just doesn’t seem logical．But it is logical，say experts。

if you understand what call happen in a police interrogation(审讯)room． Under the right conditions，people’s minds are susceptible(易受影响的)to influence，and the pressure put on suspects during police questioning is enormous．______(1)“The pressure is important to understand，because otherwise it’s impossible to u nderstand why someone would say he did something he didn’t do．The answer is：to put all end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess．Developmental psychologist Mary Redlich recently conducted a laboratory study to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didn’t do.______ (2)the researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting “alt” key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility． Redlich’s findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed. ______(3) Of the 15-to 16-year-olds，72 percent signed confessions，as 13-year-olds．“There’s no question that young people are more at risk，”says Saul Kassin，a psychology professor at Williams College，who has done similar studies with similar .______(4) Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire ‘‘interrogation” in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation-not hours of aggressive questioning--and still，most participants falsely decision．”______(5)“In some ways，”says Kassin，“false confession becomes a rationalA In her experiment，participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the“alt” key, because doing So would crash the systems．B Because of the stress of a policeinterrogation，they conclude，suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation．C “It’s a little like somebody’s working on them with a dental(牙齿) drill,” says Franklin Zimring，a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley．D “But the baseline is that adults are highly vulnerable too．”E The court found him innocent and he was released．F Redlich also found that the younger the participant，the more likely a false confession．考生可收藏笔者职称英语频道,查看更多关于职称英语考试相关信息！！。

2020年职称英语理工类补全短文练习题(11)

2020年职称英语理工类补全短文练习题（11）US’ Urging to Do More on Global Food CrisisA group of policy experts says the United States can do more to respond to global food shortages. (1).The report proposes that the United States double the annual commitment to emergency food aid from $1.6 billion to $3.2 billion. (2).The report also recommends that Washington pursue trade and foreign policies that promote agriculture in developing countries. (3).(4) But he suggested that finding political support for funding the proposals could be a challenge amid increasing costs of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and record budget deficits. "I do think that in terms of principle, there is a great deal of bipartisan commitment. (5)" he said.The executive director of the United Nations World Food Program, Josette Sheeran, warned of the possibility of "a wide range of human suffering" in the next three to four years if the international community does not respond to the current crisis.A.However, the dollars are probably the more difficult aspect of it.B. And a report was released to Congress proposing steps aimed at alleviating world hunger.C. The organization's president, John Hamre, released the report at a Capitol Hill forum Tuesday, and called on the United States to play a key role in formulating a response.D. It calls for modernizing the emergency assistance to improve the speed and flexibility of the U.S. response.E. Senator Bob Casey, a Pennsylvania Democrat and member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, welcomed the report.F. Moreover, it suggests that the US work to ease export bans and restrictions that have contributed to higher food prices.准确答案：BDFEA解析：1.上一句话说，一组政策方面的专家称美国在应对世界食物短缺方面还能做到更多，所以B“他们向国会提交了一份报告提出了一些旨在缓解世界范围饥饿问题的措施”是准确的选项。

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XX年职称英语卫生类补全短文试题及答案除了课堂上的学习外,平时的积累与练习也是学生提高成绩的重要途径,以下是为大家搜索的xx年卫生类补全短文试题及答案，希望能给大家带来帮助! 更多精彩内容请及时关注我们!When you eat, your body takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel. 1 Your body uses glucose for energy, so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game. But glucose can’t be used by the body on its own—it needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cellsof the body.Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas, a large organ near the stomach. The pancreas makes insulin; insulin brings glucose into the cells; and the body getsthe energy it needs. When a person has insulin-dependent diabetes, it’s because the pancreas is not making insulin. So someone could be eating lots of food and getting all the glucose he needs, but without insulin, there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy. 2You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes, maybe people of your grandparents’ age. Usually, this is a different kind of diabetes called non-insulin-dependent diabetes. It can also be called Type 2 diabetes,or adult-onset diabetes. 3When a kid is diagnosed with juvenile (insulin-dependent) diabetes, he will have that type of diabetes forhis whole life. It won’t ever change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older.Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness. 4 Manyscientists believe that along with having certain genes, something else outside the person’s body, like a viral infection, is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.But the person must have the gene (or genes) for diabetes to start out with — this means you can’t get diabetes just from catching a flu, virus, or cold. And this type of diabetes isn’t caused by eating too many sugary foods, either. Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a person’s body — sometimes months or years. Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious. 5viral 病毒(性)的;病毒引起的 infection 感染sugary 糖的;含糖的;甜的;太甜的 contagious 触染的;传染的insulin 胰岛素 diabetes 糖尿病 glucose 葡萄糖hormone 激素，荷尔蒙 pancreas 膜(腺)onset 开始 juvenile 少年的1.insulin-dependent diabetes：胰岛素依赖型糖尿病2.on its own：独立地，靠自己的力量3.non-insulin-dependent diabetes：非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病4.adult-onset diabetes：成人型糖尿病5.juvenile (insulin-dependent) diabetes：少年型(胰岛素依赖型)糖尿病6.to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cellsin the pancreas that make insulin：通过对胰腺中生成胰岛素的细胞的影响而导致糖尿病的发作A Genes are something that you inherit from your parents, and they are in your body even before you’re born.B This sugar-fuel is called glucose.C It may be possible to beat insulin resistancethrough lifestyle changes.D You can’t catch diabetes from people who have it,no matter how close you sit to them or if you kiss them.E The glucose can’t get into the cells of the body without insulin.F When a person has this kind of diabetes, thep ancreas usually can still make insulin, but the person’s body needs more than the pancreas can make.1.B 文章第一句讲，人进食后，身体便会从食物中获得糖并将其转化成燃料。

职称英语考试补全短文

职称英语考试补全短文Public relations is a broad set of planned munications about the pany, including publicity releases, designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image.Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm, （1）. Since public relations involves munications with stockholders, financial analysts, government officials, and other noncustomer groups, it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. This organizational placement can be a limitation because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in tune with marketing efforts. Poor munication and no coordination may be the consequences. （2）, this influence generally may be less than that provided by the other ponents of the public image mix.Publicity may be in the form of news releases （3）. Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from the marketing department, as it can provide a useful adjunct to the regular advertising. Furthermore, （4）； some can result from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even downright ill-advised.转自环球网校edu24ol.The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations function, whether within the pany or an outside firm, can take care of public image problems and opportunities. Many factors impact on the public image. Many of these have to do with the way the firm does business, （5）. Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy events, and may even sueed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity, but the other ponents of the public image mix create more lasting impressions.EXERCISE；A） that have favorable overtones for the panyinitiated by the public relations departmentB） not all publicity is initiated by the firmC） usually in the form of press releases or press conferencesD） such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of plaints, and the tenor of the advertising E） what it means to the pany isF） Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public image 参考答案： C F A B D。

有关职称英语等级考试补全短文练习题

有关职称英语等级考试补全短文练习题有关职称英语等级考试补全短文练习题ludwig van beethovenludwig van beethoven, a major poser of the nieenth century, overcame many personal problems to achieveartistic greatness.born in bonn, germany, in 1770, be first studied music with the court organist, gilles van der eeden. his father was excessively strict and given to heavy drinking. whenhis mother died, beethoven, (1), was named guardian of his two younger brothers. appointed deputy court organist to christian gottlob neefe at a surprisingly early age in 1782, beethoven also played the harpsichord and the viola. in1792 he was sent to vienna by his patron, count ferdinand waldstein, to study music under haydn.beethoven remained unmarried. because of irregular payments from his publishers and erratic support from his patrons, (2). continually plagued by ill health, he developed an ear infection which led to his tragic deafness in 1819.in spited of this handicap, (3). he pleted mature masterpieces of great musical depth: three piano sonata,four string quartets, the missa solemnis, and the 9th symphony. he died in 1827. his life was marked (4).noting that beethoven often flew into fits of rage, goethe once said of him, "i am astonished by his talent, but he is unfortunately an altogether untamed personality." although beethoven’s personality (5), his music shows great discipline and control, and this is how we remember him best.a however, he continued to write musicb he was troubled by financial worries throughout his adult lifec by a passionate dedication to independenced then a young mane may have been untamedf his music has been loved over the past centurieskeys: dbace。

职称英语综合类补全短文练习

xx年职称英语综合类补全短文练习xx年职称英语综合类补全短文练习：Some Unusual CelebrationsSome holidays are well-known all around the world.Among them are New Year's Eve celebrations.Also mon are days in honor of love and friendship,like Valentine's Day.Each country has its own special holidays,too,often to mark important events in its history.Schools,banks,and government offices all close on days like these. (46) A few of them are really very strange.Of course,they are not strange to the people who celebrate them.Perhaps that is because the celebrations have long traditions.Consider April Fool's Day,for example.No one knows when or why it began.Today it is celebrated in many countries—France,England,and Australia among others.On this day,people play practical jokes. (47) The ones who laugh are the ones playing the jokes.The people they fool often get angry.Does celebrating this day make sense to you?Dyngus Day in Poland seems strange,too.On this day,itis traditional for boys to pour water over the heads of girls.Here is the strangest part: They do it to girls they like.Other unusual celebrations take place in a single city or town.A holiday called La Tomatina is celebrated inBunol,Spain.Every year,in late August,big trucks carry more than 200,000 pounds of tomatoes into this little town. (48) For two hours,people in the,streets throw tomatoes at each other.Everyone ends up red from head to toe.August 10 marks the start of the Puck Fair,an Irish festival with a very unusual tradition.People from the town of Killorglin go up into the mountains and catch a wild goat. (49)There are also some celebrations that are really strange.In the United States,sometimes one person gets an idea for a new holiday and tries to get others to aeptit.Whose idea was Public Sleeping Day? That one is on February 28.It may seem strange,but it sounds like more fun than the one on February 9. (50)Do you like the idea of inventing a new holiday? If you do,then you will want to mark March 26 on yourcalendar.That is Make Up Your Own Holiday Day.A.Some of the days people celebrate,however are less serious.B.Jokes are supposed to be funny,but these jokes do not make everyone laugh.C.Some people have fun imagining new holidays.D.They bring him back to town put a crown on his head,and make him king for three days.E.Then begins the world's biggest food fight.F.That is supposed to be Toothache Day.46.A 句意：然而，人们所庆祝的一些天并不那么严肃。

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补全短文11Leukemia
Leukemia is the most common type of cancer kids get, but it is still very rare. Leukemia involves the blood and blood-forming organs, such as the bone marrow.___1___
A kid with leukemia produces lots of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow. Usually, white blood cells fight infection, but the white blood cells in a person with leukemia don’t work the way they’re supposed to. ___2___The abnormal white blood cells multiply out of control1, filling the bone marrow and making it hard for enough normal, infection-fighting white blood cells to form. Other blood cells — such as red blood cells (that carry oxygen in the blood to the body’s tissues) and platelets (that allow blood to clot) — are also crowded out2 by the white blood cells of leukemia. These cancer cells may also move to other parts of the body, including the bloodstream, where they continue to multiply and build up3.
Although leukemia can make kids sick, most of the time it is treatable, and kids get better. Almost all leukemia patients are treated with chemotherapy, which means using anti-cancer drugs.
___3___Chemotherapy quickly goes to work, traveling through the blood to the bone marrow. There, the drugs can attack the cancer cells. After several weeks of chemotherapy, many kids begin to feel better.
Some children with leukemia will also have to have radiation therapy, too.
___4___
If the cancer isn’t getting better from using the usual amounts of chemotherapy and radiation, then kid with leukemia will probably need more treatment —with higher doses of chemotherapy and radiation to finally kill the
cancer cells. But this heavy-duty treatment will also harm the normal cells in the kid’s bone marrow too, and the bone marrow will no longer be able to produce normal blood cells. So, doctors will then give a kid — or anyone else with bone marrow that is no longer working — normal bone marrow tissue from someone else who is healthy. ___5___
练习：
A. The chemotherapy drugs are given through a catheter, a narrow tube that is inserted into a blood vessel, sometimes in the kid’s upper chest.
B. Early symptoms of leukemia are often overlooked, since they may resemble symptoms of the flu or other common diseases.
C. This is a special procedure called a bone marrow transplant, and it helps the patient make new blood cells so they can recover from the leukemia.
D. Bone marrow is the innermost part of some bones where blood cells are first made.
E. They don’t protect the person from infections very well.
F. Radiation therapy uses invisible high-energy waves (similar to X-rays) to kill cancerous cells.
答案与题解:
1.D前一句提到，白血病涉及血液和造血器官，如骨髓。

接下来应首选阐释骨髓的句子。

2.E前一句讲，通常情况下，白细胞会对抗感染，但是白血病病人身上的白细胞却发挥不了其应当发挥的作用。

这意味着它们不能很好地保护病人免受感染的侵袭。

3.A前一句涉及化学疗法，即抗癌药物的使用。

接下来应首选表达如何使用化疗药物的句子。

4.F前一句讲到，有些患白血病的孩子也将接受放射治疗。

接下来应选择能够说明放射治疗的句子。

5.C此段的主要意思是，接受大剂量化疗的白血病患者骨髓可能出现问题，不再正常发挥作用。

这时，医生就要把一个正常人的骨髓组织移到他身上。

这一医疗措施的名称及其作用应该是下一句话所表达的内容。

译文：白血病
白血病是儿童所得癌症中最普遍的一种病症，不过这种病仍然是很少的。

白血病涉及血液和造血器官，如骨髓。

骨髓是一些骨头中最内部的部分，并在那里产生红细胞。

患白血病的孩子会在骨髓中产生大量不正常的白细胞。

通常情况下，白细胞会对抗感染，但白血病人身上的白细胞却发挥不了其应有的作用，它们不能保护人体免受感染。

骨髓中不正常的白细胞的繁殖无法控制，使得骨髓中难以形成足够的正常感染的白细胞。

其他的血细胞，像红白细胞（将血液中的氧气运送到身体其他器官的细胞）、血小板（凝血功能的细胞）也被白血病产生的白细胞排挤出去。

这些癌细胞还可能扩散到身体的其他部位，包括血液，并在那里继续繁殖积聚。

尽管白血病令儿童身受其苦，大大多数情况下还是可以治愈的，孩子们也会好起来的。

几乎所有的白血病患者都要接受化疗，即采用抗癌药物。

化疗药物通过导管进入病体，导管就是插在病人血管中的一根细管，有时插入孩子的胸上部。

化疗
能很快起效，抗癌药物通过血液到达骨髓并杀死癌细胞。

警告经过几周的化疗，很多孩子都会感觉好一些。

有些患白血病的儿童还必须采用放射疗法。

放疗采用肉眼看不见的高能光波（类似X光）来杀死癌细胞。

如果使用正常量度的放疗和化疗不能使病情好转的话，那么这个孩子可能需要接受更多的治疗，用更大剂量的放疗和化疗来治疗以最终杀死癌细胞。

但是大剂量的化疗可能有害于白血病患儿骨髓中的正常细胞，使骨髓不能产生正常的血细胞。

因此，医生会把正常人的骨髓组织一直到这个患儿或任何一个骨髓不能正常工作的人身上，这就是名叫骨髓移植的特殊疗法，它能帮助病人产生新的血细胞来战胜白血病而康复。