2015年职称英语考试(综合类补全短文)全真模拟题五
2015年职称英语考试综合类补全短文冲刺模拟试题
At picnics,ants are pests.But they have their uses.In industries1such as mining,farming and forestry,they can help gauge the health of the environment by just crawling around and being antsy.It has been recognized for decades2that ants一which are highly sensitive to ecological change一can provide a near-perfect barometer of the state of an ecosystem.Only certain species,for instance,will continue to thrive at a forest site that has been cleared of trees._____(1)_____And still others will move in and take up residence.By looking at which species populate a deforested area, scientists can determine how"stressed"the land is._____(2)_____Ants are used simply because they are so commonand comprise so many species.Where mine sites are being restored,for example,some ant species will recolonize the stripped land quickly than others._____(3)_____Australian mining company Capricorn Coal Management has been successfully using ant surveys for years to determine the rate of recovery of land that it is replanting near its German Creek mine in Queensland.Ant surveys also have been used with mine-site recovery projects in Africa and Brazil,where warm climates encouragedense and diverse ant populations."We found it worked extremely well there."says Jonathan Majer,a professor of environmental biology.Yet the surveys are perfectly suited to climates throughout Asia,he says,because ants are so common throughout the region.As Majer puts it:"That's the great thing about ants3."Ant surveys are so highly-regarded as ecological indicators that governments worldwide accepttheir results when assessing the environmental impact of mining and tree harvesting4._____(4)_____Why not?Because many companies can't afford the expense or the laboratory time needed to sift results for a comprehensive survey.The cost stems,also,from the scarcity of ant specialists._____(5)_____注释：1.industries:行业2.for decades：有几十年。
职称英语考试全真模拟题及答案(2015年综合类C级)
2015年职称英语考试综合类C级全真模拟题及答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分}下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有下画线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Has she altered her mind?A.gave upB.m a d e upC.alternatedD. changed2.H e succeeded because he is both diligent and intelligent.A.ambitiouszyC.hardworkingD.clever3.Employees are entitled to an annual paid leave of fifteen days.A.dailyB.weeklyC.monthlyD.yearly4.A n academic term lasts approximately three months.A.actuallyB.nearlyC.especiallyD.feirly5.The standards set four years ago in Seoul will be far below the athletes’capabilities now.A.capacitiesB.strengthsC.possibilitiesD. abilities6.A cut in interest rates should helpstimulate economic recovery.A.promoteB.encourageC.produceD.create7.T hey agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.pleteB.determineC.uniteD.solve8.H e predicted that an earthquake was imminent.A.foretoldB.proposedC.promisedD.identified9.H o w do you account for your absence from the class this morning?A.explainB.expandC.examineD.review10.All three m e n were hot,dirty,and exhausted.A.hungryB.thirstyC.tiredD.exited11.H e put forward a plan for improving their working conditionsA.liftingB.convertingC.developingD. bettering12.The herb medicine eventually cured her disease.A.nicelyB.apparentlyC.finallyD. naturally13.1have several spare tickets.A.thinB.extraC.attachedD.prepared14.Everyone can tell this poor m a n’s longing for knowledge.A.desireB.lengthC.pursuitD.objective15.Christians believe that the soul lives forever.A.heartB.m i n dC.spiritD.emotion第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2015年职称英语综合类考试补全短文习题
2015年职称英语综合类考试补全短文习题(1)The roadrunner (走雀) lives in the desert zone of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. _____(1) People gave it its name because they usually see it running a cross a road, but of course, it spends more time among the plants of the desert than it d oes on roads.The roadrunner is quite a large bird - about 45 centimeters long and 25 centimeters high. _____(2) It holds its head straight out in front and its tail sticks straight out in bac k. It takes long steps and can run 30 kilometers an hour.It eats an amazing variety of food. Although it eats plants once in a while, it is mos tly a meat eater. Most of its diet is insects, but it also catches birds, mice, and other sma ll animals. It is even brave enough to catch snakes and black widow spiders (蜘蛛)._____(3) When he finds one, he gives her presents - a snake to eat or a tiny branch of a tree to use in building a nest. Then they build their nest, the female lays eggs, and they raise their young._____(4) One couple in Arizona feeds a pair of roadrunners that come once at a tim e every day and make a noise outside the window. If someone doesn't give the bird a pi ece of hamburger immediately, the bird knocks on the window with its beak (喙). Roadru nners are not shy._____(5) They will stand on a chair or table and watch television, and they seem rea lly interested in what is happening on the program.A Roadrunners can also become friendly with peopleB People laugh when it runs because it looks so funnyC It is a bird, but it can only fly about as much as a chicken canD In early spring, the bird doesn't eat anythingE Another couple feeds a pair of roadrunners that go right into the houseF In the spring, a male roadrunner begins looking for a female as a mate.【参考答案】1. C 2. B 3. F 4. A 5. E2015年职称英语综合类考试补全短文习题(2)Worldwide there are estimated to be 120 million landmines (地雷) spread through 62 countries. _____(1) The United Nations is currently involved in 14 mine-clearing operatio ns around the world but it estimates that, at current rate, it will take 1,000"years to remo ve all the world's landmines.Landmines are a favorable weapon because they cost so little to produce - about 3 p ounds per mine. _____(2)Landmines cause the death or injury of 70 people a day, of whom most are civilians. _____(3) In fact, about half the landmines active today lie in unmarked fields, in countri es no longer in conflict.And landmines do not only kill and maim (使残废); they also hold back economic d evelopment. In Afghanistan, for example, where the former Soviet Army laid down an esti mated ten million landmines, more than half of the land which could be cultivated for agr iculture is useless because it is so heavily mined. According to Eileen Maybin of the Cha rity Christian Aid, mines also condemn people to relying on overseas aid - aid which is often provided by governments which provided the landmines in the first place:"_____(4) Because there are landmines on agricultural land, people are actually depen dent on food aid. This is one of the ironies of the situation - that governments are provid ing money for food aid when, if the mines were cleared, people would be able to feed th emselves."Forty-nine countries have so far signed the United Nations Inhumane Weapons Conve ntion, which restricts the manufacture and export of landmines. _____(5) But some signato ries (签约国) of the UN Convention, such as the UK, continue to support the manufacture and export of these weapons. The British Government says that it won't support a compl ete ban because it considers the landmine a legitimate (合法的) military weapon if it is u sed responsibly.A A further 19 countries, including the USA, France, Germany and Japan, have bann ed all exports of landmines completely.B However, the cost of locating and removing them is high - between 300 pounds a nd 700 pounds per mine.C A recent UN gathering of world leaders in Vienna, Austria, failed to secure a com plete ban on the manufacture and sale of landmines.D And every year, for every 100,000 mines removed, another two million are put do wn.E Landmines are actually destroying the social fabric and economic independence of countries.F And many of the casualties occur in countries where war has long since ended.【参考答案】1. D 2. B 3. F 4. E 5. A2015年职称英语综合类考试补全短文习题(3)From early times man has used garlic (大蒜). The Bible speaks of it. The Israelites (古以色列人) were once far from home. They cried out to Moses, their leader, for the fo ods they loved: leeks (韭菜), onions, and garlic. The Romans, like the Israelites, loved to eat garlic. And they hung bags of garlic around their necks. _____(1) They also thought it would keep them from getting sick.A similar idea is still held. Many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure disease. Most doctors say it does no such thing. _____(2) Its smell may force people to s tay far apart. At least then they can't pass germs on to each other. _____(3) What if you' re in a play, for instance? Actors have been known to forget their lines because they coul dn't stand the garlic smell on a fellow actor's breath. Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic.Through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic. _____(4) We now know why. It's been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth, Garlic to ngue, or gums (齿龈). They go into the lungs instead. From there they are breathed out. They pass out through the skin too.Strange as it seems, food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or t asting strong. It all depends on how it is cooked. French cooks make a good soup withwhole cloves (瓣) of garlic. They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup. But t hey take care not to crush them. And they cook them whole. _____(5) And as the cloves cook they change in some strange way. The soup turns out to be delicious. It's not stron g at all.A But no medicine, mouthwash, chewing gum, or toothpaste seems to help muchB As a result, the strong oils stay in the cloves.C They say it may help in one way, though.D Many people eat garlic.E But keeping your distance can be hard at times.F They hoped it would keep away the evil eye.【参考答案】1. F 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. B2015年职称英语综合类考试补全短文习题(4)African-American talk show queen Oprah Winfrey is the world's most powerful celebr ity, according to Forbes magazine. (1)Winfrey, 51, draws 30 million viewers weekly in the United States. Her talk show re aches 112 countries. She earned US$225 million over the past 12 months to rank second in celebrity riches.The annual Forbes list gives most weight to annual earnings. (2)"After 21 years, her exciting chat show still rules the airwaves. It created new celebri ties and hundreds of millions of dollars in profits," the magazine said.Winfrey is most popular with her popular talk show "The Oprah Winfrey Show". She can always attract the superstars and let them open up to her intimate interviewing style.Last month, American actor Tom Cruise, 42, surprised fans when he celebrated his n ew romance with 26-year-old actress Katie Holmes. He jumped up and down, shouting "I'm in love." Only a few years ago, Cruise and his ex-wife Nicole Kidman appeared separa tely on the same show telling the news of their divorce. (3)Winfrey's approach appears to be simple. She is in pursuit of self-improvement and s elf-empowerment (自强). This has proved to be just what people, especially women, want.Winfrey often talks about her personal secrets on her show. That pulls in viewers. Fo r example, she revealed that she had been sexually abused as a child, and has spoken fre ely of her struggle with her weight.Winfrey was born to a poor family in Mississippi in 1954. (4) At the age of 19, s he became the youngest person and the first African-American woman to anchor (主持) a news programme.Her success has not just been on the screen. Her media group includes a women's T V network and websites for women.Winfrey's work has extended to social change. (5)She testified before the US Senate to establish a national database of dangerous child abusers. President Bill Clinton later signed "Oprah Bill" into law.A But it also looks at the celebrity's presence on the Internet and in the media.B In 1991, she did a lot of work for the National Child Protection Act.C She was not a very successful woman.D She began broadcasting while still at high school.E It placed Winfrey at the top of its annual ranking of the 100 people last week.F The couple had been tight-lipped about their break-up.【参考答案】1. E 2. A 3. F 4. D 5. B2015年职称英语综合类考试补全短文习题(5)So, there you are, just sitting there in the subway car, enjoying that book you just b ought. (1) Or, the person sitting next to you takes out a nail clipper (指甲刀) and begi ns cutting his or her nails.Annoying? Many of us have to spend some time every day on public transportation.(2) So, to make the trip more pleasant, we suggest the following:Let passengers get off the bus or subway car before you can get on. (3)Stand away from the doors when they are closing.Don't talk loudly on a bus or subway. Chatting loudly with your friends can be anno ying to others. (4)Don't think your bags and suitcases (手提箱) deserve a seat of their own.Use a tissue whenever you cough or sneeze (打喷嚏). An uncovered sneeze can spre ad germs (细菌), especially in crowded places.Don't cut your nails or pick your nose on public transportation.Don't read over other people's shoulder. (5) It can make people uncomfortable. The y might think you're too stingy (小气的) even to buy a newspaper. Or they might think y ou're judging their behavior.A Don't eat food in your car.B Don't shout into your mobile phone on a bus or subway.C We all know that some behaviors are simply unacceptable.D Many people do this on subways, but it's really annoying.E Getting off and on in an orderly manner can save time for all.F Suddenly, you feel someone leaning over your shoulder reading along with you.【参考答案】1. F 2. C 3. E 4. B 5. D2015年职称英语综合类考试补全短文习题(6)Charlotte Hollins knows she faces a battle. The 23-year-old British farmer and her 21 -year-old brother Ben are fighting to save the farm from developers that their father work ed on since he was 14. ___1___.“You don’t often get a day off. Supermarkets put a lot of pressure on farmers to kee p prices down. With fewer people working on farms it can be isolating,” she said. “There is a high rate of suicide and farming will never make you rich!”Oliver Robinson, 25, grew up on a farm in Yorkshire. __2___. “I’m sure dad hoped I’d stay,” he said. “I guess it’s a nice, straightforward life, but it doesn’t appeal. For you ng, ambitious people, farm life would be a hard world.” For Robinson, farming doesn’t of fer much “in terms of money or lifestyle.” Hollins agrees that economics stops people fro m pursuing farming rewards: “providing for a vital human need, while working outdoors with nature.”Farming is a big political issue in the UK.___3___. The 2001 foot and mouth crisis closed thousands of farms, stopped meat exports, and raised public consciousness of troubl es in UK farming.Jamie Oliver’s 2005 campaign to get children to eat healthily also highlighted the iss ue. This national concern spells(带来)hope for farmers competing with powerful supermark ets. ___4___.“I started going to Farmers’ M arkets in direct defiance(蔑视)of the big supermarkets. ___5___. It’s terrible,” said Londoner Michael Samson.A. But he never considered staying on his father and grandfather’s landB. While most people buy food from the big supermarkets, hundreds of independent Farmers’ Markets are becoming popular.C. While confident they will succeed, she lists farming’s many challenges:D. Young people prefer to live in citiesE. I seriously objected to the super-sizing of everything ? what exactly DO they put on our apples to make so big and red?F. “Buy British” campaigns urge(鼓励)consumers not to buy cheaper imported foods.参考答案：C A F B E答案解析：1. C. 解析：空格前句子的时态为现在时态(现在进行时)，根据“句群的基调时态一致：句群中的句子通常同为过去时或同为过去时态(例外情况：如果句群中的某个句子中带有时间状语结构，则该句子的时态可以不与句群的基调时态保持一致，而是由这个时间状语决定)，判断只有B，C，D和F可能出现在空格中。
2015年职称英语综合类B级考试补全短文精选练习
2015年职称英语综合类B级考试补全短文精选练习When Carlos Westez died at the age of 76, a language died, too. Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud, was the last speaker of the Native American language. Catawba. Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations.__________(46)They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.We are all aware of the damage that modern industry can do to the world’s ecology(生态).However, few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages, as well, ___________(47).When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.Scholars believe there are about 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples, Araki is a native language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean. It is spoken by only a few older adults，so like Catawba，Araki will soon disappear. Manylanguages of Ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers. _________(48)In the Americas, 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, also are dying out.Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the threat of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue. _________(49). The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead.What does it mean when a language disappears? When a plant or insect or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what we’ve been lost and t o appreciate what this means for the balance of the natural word. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language，like Red Thunder Cloud，must be a lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species. ____________(50)A. Some people might want to try to learn some of these songs by heart.B. Papua New Guinea is an extremely rich source of different languages，but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction(灭绝).C . However，he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.D . These language don’t have many native speakers.E . For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.F . As these language become more powerful. their use as tools of business and culture increase.参考答案：46：A 47：F 48：D 49：C 50：E更多职称英语考试免费资料请访问“新东方在线职称英语频道”。
2015年职称英语考试模拟试题(综合类A级补全短文)
Ruining the RuinsAcid rain(酸雨)is how a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe.Harmful gases are produced by power stations and cars.They dissolve in rainwater and this makes acid rain,which damages trees,rivers and streams.Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks,and buildings made of soft rock,such as limestone(石灰石),are particularly badly affected.The acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are eroded(受腐蚀)more quickly.(46)According to a report in the New Scientist,acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins in Mexico. The old limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza,Tulum and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed.These sites are the remains of the buildings built by the Mayas between250 BC and AD900,and the spectacular ruins of Mayan civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every year.But those ruins are in danger of being seriously damaged by pollution.At many sites the stone has been covered with a layer of black substance.(47)Scientists estimate that about one millimeter of stone is worn away every twelve years.(48)The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico.Car exhaust gases are also a problem.Local volcanic eruptions make the problem even worse.Nevertheless,with enough money and effort,researchers say that many of the problems could be solved and the rate of erosion reduced.(49)Mexico's current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil fields and a few years ago,when oilwas expensive,Mexico Was selling large quantities of oil to the USA and earning a lot of money.(50)However,the price of oil then dropped,and Mexico has been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans.So unless the price of oil rises,it is unlikely that Mexico will be able to afford to clean up the pollution and save its Mayan ruins from destruction.A At others the painted surfaces inside temples are lifting and flaking off(剥落)and the stone is being eaten away.B That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already.C These measures would reduce the pollution,but would not stop it completely.D The government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money from banks around the world,thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts.E The problem,however,is not just a European one.F However,the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work,and needs to spend what money it has on the Mexican people.46.E47.A48.B49.F50.DHome SchoolingAll children in the United States have to receive an education,but the law does not say they have to be educated at school.A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school.(46)There are about300,000home-schoolers in the United States today.Some parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schoolsteach the correct religious values;others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at home.(47)David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home.Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school:(48)For example,when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day,it may start a discussion or reading about climate,snow removal(去除)equipment,Alaska,polar bears(北极熊),and winter tourism.A spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program.(49)Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools,but critics say that home-schoolers are outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life.(50)However,most parents don't have the time or the desire to teach their children at home,so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education.A Interestingly,results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math.B Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children.C Learning starts with the children's interests and questions.D Children who are educated at home are known as "home-schoolers."E In some countries,however,children are educated by their parents.F If the Brazilian rain forests are on the TV news,it could be a perfect time to talk about how rain forests influence the climate,and how deserts are formed46.D47.A48.C49.F50.BFive-year-old Lani still takes seven medicines with her breakfast every morning。
2015年职称英语考试综合类补全短文模拟试题及答案
"Happy Birthday to You"The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics: it won't stay American. No matter what it is, whether it is films, food and fashion, music, casual sports or slang, it's soon at home elsewhere in the world. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal.One theory is that it has been "advertised" and marketed through American films, popular music, and more recently, television. (46) They are, after all, in competition with those produced by other countries.Another theory, probably a more common one, is that Americhn popular culture is internationally associated with something called "the spirit of America. " (47)The final theory is less complex: American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the world like it.Regardless of why it spread, American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many .other countries. (48) "Happy Birthday to You," for instance, is such an everyday song that its source, its American copyright, so to speak, is not remembered. Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be found, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own.Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time when T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets,and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere. Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bring colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made fun of in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion.(49)The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning,when it was still clearly American, it was often strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today,while stills blowing its rather American roots, it has become so well established. Rock "n" roll and its variations, country & westem music, all have more or less similar histories. They were first resisted, often in America as well, as being "low-class," and then as "a danger to our nation's youth. " (50) And then the music became accepted and was extended and developed, and exported back to the U. S.A.As a result, its American origins and roots are often quickly forgotten.B.But this theory fails to explain why American films, music, and television programs are so popular in themselves.C.American in origin, informal clothing has become the world's first truly universal style.D.The BBC, for example, banned rock and roll until 1962.E.American food has become popular around the world too.F.This spirit is variously described as being young and free, optimistic and confident,informal and disrespectful.46-50 BFACDGarlicFrom early times man has used garlic (大蒜). The Bible speaks of it. The Israelites (古以色列人) were once far from home. They cried out to Moses, their leader, for the foods they loved: leeks (韭菜), onions, and garlic. The Romans, like the Israelites, loved to eat garlic. And they hung bags of garlic around their necks. _____(46) They also thought it would keep them from getting sick.A similar idea is still held. Many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure disease. Most doctors say it does no such thing. _____(47) Its smell may force people to stay far apart. At least then they can't pass germs on to each other. _____(48) What if you're in a play, for instance? Actors have been known to forget their lines because they couldn't stand the garlic smell on a fellow actor's breath. Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic.Through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic. _____(49) We now know why. It's been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth, Garlic tongue, or gums (齿龈). They go into the lungs instead. From there they are breathed out. They pass out through the skin too.Strange as it seems, food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or tasting strong. It all depends on how it is cooked. French cooks make a good soup with whole cloves (瓣) of garlic. They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup. But they take care not to crush them. And they cook them whole. _____(50) And as the cloves cook they change in some strange way. The soup turns out to be delicious. It's not strong at all.A But no medicine, mouthwash, chewing gum, or toothpaste seems to help muchB As a result, the strong oils stay in the cloves.C They say it may help in one way, though.D Many people eat garlic.E But keeping your distance can be hard at times.F They hoped it would keep away the evil eye.46. F 47. C 48. E 49. A 50. BThe Building of the PyramidsThe oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems like that _____(1)_____. There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the "Step" pyramid and the "Bent" pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, ____(2)____. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape _____(3)_____. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids_____(4)____. However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves. Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used. Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning_____(5)_____. The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place. You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere. Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to b overcome.EXERCISE:A. for stone to use in modern buildingsB. has made them less likely to fall into ruinC. before they could begin to buildD. because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preservedE. while building the pyramidsF. they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet答案:FABDC。
2015职称英语考试专项模拟试题(补全短文)
Conservation or Wasted Effort?The black robin(旅鸫)is one of the world's rarest birds.It is a small,wild bird,and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere,off the coast of New Zealand.In1967there were about fifty black robins there;in1977there were fewer than ten.(46)Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin.(47)The idea is to buy another island nearby as a special home, a"reserve",for threatened wild life,including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be restocked (重新准备)with the robin's food.Thousands of the required plants are at present being cultivated in New Zealand.Is all this concern a waste of human effort?(48)Are we losing our sense of what is reasonable and what is unreasonable?In the earth's long,long past hundreds of kinds of creatures have evolved,risen to a degree of success and died out.In the long,long future there will be many new and different forms of life.Those creatures that adapt themselves successfully to what the earth offers will survive for a long time.(49)This is nature's proven method of operation.The rule of selection--"the survival of the fittest"--is the one by which human beings have themselves arrived on the scene.We,being one of the most adaptable creatures the earth has yet produced,may last longer than most.(50)You may take it as another rule that when,at last,human beings show signs of dying out,no other creature will extend a paw(爪)to postpone our departure.On the contrary,we will be hurried out.Life seems to have grown too tough for black robins.I leave you to judge whether we should try to do anything about it.A Some creatures,certain small animals,insects and birds, will almost certainly outlast(比…长久)man,for they seem even more adaptable.B Those that fail to meet the challenges will disappear early.C Detailed studies are going on,and a public appeal for money has been made.D Both represent orders in the classification of life.E Is it any business of ours whether the black robin survives or dies out?F These are the only black robins left in the world.答案：F C E B AShould the U.S.halt human space flight?The Columbia accident has revived the debate on whether the rewards ofhuman space exploration are worth the risksNo.I was a teacher when men first landed on the moon in1969, and I remember how it moved my students and this country.(46) And we haven't ventured outward since then.That's30years too long!America's human space-flight program is adrift,with no clear vision or goals beyond the completion of the International Space Station.I want NASA to establish a phased series of goals over the next 20years,including human visits to asteroids that cross the Earth's orbit,establishing a research and living facility for humans on the moon,and human expeditions to the surface of. Mars and its moons.(47)An astronaut is today's Christopher Columbus,who sailed into the unknown and discovered the Americas.The knowledge we gain from having actual people exploring can never be replaced by robots.(48)Robots are useful,but humans can do things that robots can't.The real obstacle we face in overcoming the drift in the nation's human space-flight program is not technological and it's not financial.(49)The lesson from the Columbia accident is not that humans don't belong in space.______(50)A Instead,we should honor the memory of the lost astronauts by pushing our exploration of space future.B Astronauts are key to this expanded exploration.C It's the lack of commitment to get started.D Until then,we should stop risking people's lives by sending them into space.E It is now more than30years since the last American left the surface of the moon and returned to Earth.F Our ability to send humans into space and have them return gives us amazing information about ourselves and our universe.答案：E B F C ALittle Lady Starts Big WarHarriet Beecher Stowe had poured her heart into her anti-slavery book"Uncle Tom's Cabin."(46)The publisher was so doubtful that he wanted her to split the publishing costs with him,and all she hoped was that it would make enough money for her to buy a new silk dress.But when the first5,000copies were printed in1852.They sold out in two days.In a year the book had sold300,000copies in the United States and150,000in England.(47)Within six months of its release,a play was made from the book which ran350 performances in New York and remained America's most popularplay for80years.It might appear that"Uncle Tom's Cabins was universally popular,but this was certainly not true.Many people during those pre-Civil War days--particularly defenders of the slavery system--condemned it as false propaganda and poorly written melodrama(传奇剧作品).Harriet did have strong religious views against slavery(When asked how she came to write the book,she replied:"God wrote it."),and she tried to convince people slavery was wrong,so perhaps the book could be considered propaganda.(48) Though she was born in Connecticut in1832,as a young woman she moved to Cincinnati,Ohio,when her father accepted the presidency of newly founded Lane Theological Seminary(神学院).Ohio was a free state,but just across the Ohio River in Kentucky,Harriet saw slavery in action.(49)In1851,Harriet Beecher Stowe began her book.Its vast influence strengthened the anti-slavery movement and angered defenders of the slave system.(50)In fact,when Abraham Lincoln met Harriet at the White House during the Civil War,he said,"So,this is the little lady who started this big war."A She had read a lot about the slavery system.B Today some historians think that it helped bring on theAmerican Civil War.C But if so,it was true propaganda,because it accurately described the evils of slavery.D For a while it outsold every book in the world,except the Bible.E But neither she nor her first publisher thought it would be a big success.F She lived18years in Cincinnati,marrying Calvin Stowe, professor of a college.答案：E D C F B。
2015年职称英语综合类补全短文练习
一、What We Take from and Give to the SeaAs long as we have been on earth,we have used the sea around us.We take from the ocean,and we give to it.We take fishes from the ocean ——millions of kilograms of fish,every year,to feed millions of people.（1）We take minerals from the ocean.One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates.（2）Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea,too1.But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation.Other gifts from the sea are pearls,sponges and seaweed.Pearls become jewelry.（3）Seaweed becomes food of many kinds 一even candy,and ice cream —aswell as medicine.Believe it or not,fresh water is another gift from the sea.We cannot drink ocean water.（4）But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed.In the future，we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.The sea gives us food,fertilizer,minerals,water,and other gifts.What do we give the sea?Garbage.（5）Huge as it is,the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it.Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2.Yet as the world population grows,we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas，we might also destroy ourselves.Hopefully,it is not too late.注释：Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea,too.还有不少金和银的漂流物溶解在海水里。
2015年职称英语考试综合类B级补全短文模拟试题及答案
Read With Greater SpeedDo you have difficulty reading in class?If so,a special reading program that helps match sounds with letters could speed up your brain.At least one out of every five elementary school students in the US has trouble learning to read,even when the students are good at other subjects.(1)Researchers from Yale University,US,studied a group of children from New York and Connecticut State.As part of the study,37struggling readers received special tutoring.Every day,instructors worked with them on recognizing how written letters represent units of sound called phonemes(音素).(2)By the end of the school year,these children could read faster than before.They also made fewer mistakes,and understood more of what they read than they could earlier in the year.As part of their study,the researchers used a special machine to take action photos of the students'brains.(3)This is the same part of the brain that becomes active when good readers read.This activated brain area appears to include a structure that helps people recognize familiarwritten words quickly.In lower level readers,this structure remains inactive.A year later,the brain structure was still working hard in the students who had gore through the special tutoring,and they continued to do well in reading tests(4) However,some researchers still doubt the study.(5)A Many adults are interested in matching sounds with lettersB The students also practiced reading aloud and spellingC The biggest challenge for many of these kids,scientists say,is matching sounds with letters.D Another group in the study who went through a more traditional reading program didn't show the same progress.E The pictures showed an increase in activity in the back of the brain on the left side.F They believe that reading without making any noise or linking words to sounds is more efficient.答案1.C2.B3.E4.D5.FScience and TechnologyThere is a difference between science and technology.(46)Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships between observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to organize these facts and relationships;technology has to do with tools,techniques,and procedures for applying the findings of science.(47) Progress in science excludes the human factor.Scientists, who seek to understand the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy and certainty,cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or dislikes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things.(48)But even an unpleasant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides,we have the choice of refusing to believe it!But hardly so with technology;we do not have the choice of refusing to hear the sound produced by a supersonic(超音速的)aircraft flying overhead;we cannot refuse to breathe polluted air.(49)The purpose of technology is to serve people——people in general,not merely some people;and future generations,not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themselves.(50)Many people blame technology itself for widespread pollution,resource depletion(枯竭)and even social decay in general-so much so that the promise of technology is"obscured".That promise is a cleaner and healthier world.If wise applications of science and technology do not lead to a better world,what else will?A Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progress in each.B Unlike science,progress in technology must be measured in terms of the human factor.C What scientists discover may shock or anger people w as did Darwin's theory of evolution.D Science and technology are differentE We are all familiar with the improper use of technology.F Science is a method of answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems.答案46.F47.A48.C49.B50.E解析：46.F第一句总述了科学和技术是有差别的。
2015年职称英语考试卫生类补全短文模拟试题精选
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GarlicFrom early times man has used garlic (大蒜). The Bible speaks of it. The Israelites (古以色列人) were once far from home. They cried out to Moses, their leader, for the foods they loved: leeks (韭菜), onions, and garlic. The Romans, like the Israelites, loved to eat garlic. And they hung bags of garlic around their necks. _____(1) They also thought it would keep them from getting sick.A similar idea is still held. Many people take garlic thinking it will prevent or cure disease. Most doctors say it does no such thing. _____(2) Its smell may force people to stay far apart. At least then they can't pass germs on to each other. _____(3) What if you're in a play, for instance? Actors have been known to forget their lines because they couldn't stand the garlic smell on a fellow actor's breath. Some have even made up new lines and actions that kept them far away from the one who had eaten garlic.Through the years man has tried to cope with the smell of garlic. _____(4) We now know why. It's been found that the oils of the garlic do not stick to the teeth, Garlic tongue, or gums (齿龈). They go into the lungs instead. From there they are breathed out. They pass out through the skin too.Strange as it seems, food may have a great deal of garlic in it without smelling or tasting strong. It all depends on how it is cooked. French cooks make a good soup with whole cloves(瓣) of garlic. They use more than thirty cloves in one bowl of soup. But they take care not to crush them. And they cook them whole. _____(5) And as the cloves cook they change in some strange way. The soup turns out to be delicious. It's not strong at all.A But no medicine, mouthwash, chewing gum, or toothpaste seems to help muchB As a result, the strong oils stay in the cloves.C They say it may help in one way, though.D Many people eat garlic.E But keeping your distance can be hard at times.F They hoped it would keep away the evil eye.参考答案：46. F 47. C 48. E 49. A 50. BFemale BullfightingIt was a unique, eye-catching sight: an attractive, woman in a shiny bullfighter's suit, sword in hand, facing the sharp horns of a black, 500-kilogram beast.Most people thought the days of female bullfighting were over in Spain______（46）The first woman fighter， Cristina Sanchez， quit in 1999 because of male discrimination （歧视）。
2015年职称英语考试--补全短文(原文及译文)
补全短文部分第一篇What We Take from and Give to the SeaAs long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.We take fishes from the ocean --millions of kilograms of fish, every year, to feed millions of people. We even use their bones for fertilizer. We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. Along with salt, other minerals are left after evaporation. Much gold and silver drift dissolved in the waters of the sea, too1. But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gifts from the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. Natural sponges become cleaning aids. Seaweed becomes food of many kinds 一even candy, and ice cream —aswell as medicine. Believe it or not, fresh water is another gift from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. Some of its contents may cause illness. But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed.In the future，we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.The sea gives us food, fertilizer, minerals, water, and other gifts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump.Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea life2. Yet as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.We are finally learning that if we destroy our seas,we might also destroy ourselves. Hopefully, it is not too late.第二篇Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus，trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs.They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services，and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. They offer familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. In this way agents learn to explain destinations and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel-planes，ships，trains，motorcoaches, car-rentals，and even car purchases.Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts，considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, hotels rely upon agencies, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers，including car-rental and sight-seeing services. Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers，and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.第三篇The Value of TearsTears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. They can leave you embarrassed and without energy. However, crying is a fact of life, and tears are very useful. Even when you're not crying, your eyes producetears. These create a film over the ey e's surface. This film contains a substance that protects your eyes against infection.Tears relieve stress,but we tend to fight them for all sorts.of reasons. ".People worry about showing their emotions. They’re afraid that once they lose control, they’ll never get it back,”explains psychologist Dorothy Rowe.As children we were sometimes punished for shedding te ars or expressing anger. As adults we still fear the consequences of showing emotions.”Almost any emotion—good or bad, happy or sad—can cause tears. Crying is a way that we release built-up emotions. Tears help you when you feel you are ready to explode because of very strong feelings. It may explain why people who areafraid tocry often suffer more heart attac ksthan people cry more freely.When some people become very stressed, however, they can’t cry. They may be feeling shock,anger, fear, or grief, but they repress the emotion. “Everyone has the need to cry,” says psychotherapist Vera Diamond. Sometimes in therapy sessions, patients participate in crying exercise They practice crying so that they can get used toexpressing emotion. Diamond says it’s best to cry in safe, private places,like under the bed coversor in the car. That’s because many people get uncomfortable when others cry in front of them. In fact, they may be repressing their own need to cry.In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate.It’s good to hold backtears d uring a tense business discussion. “But once you are safely behind closed doors, don't just cry,” Diamond says, she suggests that you act out the wholesituation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “once your tears have released the.stress, you can begin to think of logical way to deal with the pr oblem.”Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. You should never be afraid to cry.第四篇The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together, accordi ng to a book by Dr. Leonard Zunin. In his book, ”Contact：The first four minutes" ’ he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships：“Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention for four minutes. A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that. ”You may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident. In genera l, he says, “People like people who like themselves1. ”On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic，realizing that the other person has his own needs,fears, and hopes.Hearing such advice, one might say, "But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest for me to act that way. ”In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits. We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. “It is like getting used to a new car. It may be unfamiliar at first, but it goes much better than the old one. ”But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr. Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good for social relationships, especially during the first few minutes of contact. There is a time for everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger3 . That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4 relationships with family members and friends.For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5 in everyschool, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people. That is at least as important as how much we know.第五篇Financial RisksSeveral types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing ；the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business.They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or any other disagreement over which payment is withheld. One company，for example，shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.Political risk relates to2 the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility3, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political risk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk，so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market.Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years，most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects. Floating exchange rates of the world's major currencies have forced all marketers to be especiallyaware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning.International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. Before rates were permitted to float, devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.补全短文译文译文：第一篇论我们给予大海的以及向大海索取的自我们在地球上生活乏始，我们就开始利用环绕着陆地的海洋。
2015年职称英语考试综合类C级补全短文模拟试题及答案
Caribbean IslandsWhat would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands?Palm trees and coconuts(椰子)?White beaches and clear,blue ocean?Colorful corals(珊瑚)and even more colorful fishes and birds?You bet.There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea.They are famous for their warm,tropical climate and great natural beauty.The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of the Atlantic Ocean.(1)Many of the islands were formed by the eruption(爆发)of ancient volcanoes(火山).Others are Iow-lyin9coral islands that gradually rose from the ocean.The Caribbean Islands are known by several names.(2)The explorerChristopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in1492 because he thought he was near the coast of ter,Spain and France called the islands the Antilles.There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea.(3)These four islands are often called the Greater Antilles.Together, they account for about90percent of the land area of the Caribbean Islands.The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smellier.(4) You can see why pirates such as the famous Blackboard sailed these waters.There are countless small islands to bury treasure or hide on.The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny.Sandy beaches line the coasts of many islands.(5)Many tourists arrive on cruise ships.A But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise.B The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies,later changed to the West Indies.C They're like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America.D They are Cuba,Puerto Rico,Jamaica,and Hispaniola.E This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year.F Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers(小片)of exposed coral.答案1.C2.B3.D4.F5.EThe Joy of Living AloneMore and more Americans are living atone.Some live atone because of divorce or the death of a partner.(1)According to a recent U.S.census(人口普查),25percent of all householdsin the U.S.are made up of just one person.This is a dramatic change from the extended families of just a couple of generations ago.The typical person living alone is neither old nor lonely.(2)The majority of these people have chosen to live alone.They are responding to decreasing social pressure to get married and have a family.It's now socially acceptable,even fashionable,to live alone.As people get better jobs and become financially independent,it becomes possible for them to maintain a one-person household.(3)However,people who do get married are marrying at a later age and divorcing more often.The number one reason given by most people for living alone is that they simply enjoy doing what they want when they want to do it."Living alone is a luxury,"says Nina Hagiwara,38. "Once you do it,you can't ever go back to living with others." David C'Debaca,46,agrees.(4)Children think that being grown up means being able to do exactly as they please.(5)The chance to discover whether that freedom is as wonderful as it sounds is a chance more and more Americans are taking.A There's more pressure to get married nowadays.B The growing number of women with good jobs has done much to increase the number of people living alone.C However,even more people are living alone because they have chosen to.D It seems that many grown-ups today are realizing that childhood dream.E In fact,a quarter of the23million single people in the U.S.are under the age of35.F He says,"1like being by myself."答案1.C2.E3.B4.F5.D1.82.C3.A4.C5.BSuccess StoriesOne of the most successful fashion companies in the world is Benetton.TheBenetton family opened their first shop in Italy in1968.(1)Benetton followed four marketing principles in order to achieve their success.The first principle is Consumer Concept.To build a successful business,you have to develop products around things people value,especially quality.(2)He created clothes to match people's wants:the styleis casual;the colors and patterns are bold;and the quality is excellent.The System Link is another feature of good marketing.For Benetton,this means waiting to get information about what customers like and what they dislike before making the clothes.(3)The Information Link means making sure the company responds quickly to People’s demands.(4)This information is then sent to the main office in Italy.Benetton can use this information to identify popular products and to continue making them;it can also identify less popular products and stop making them.A final important marketing principle is the Retail Link. There are Benetton stores in countries around the would.All the stores have the same clothing,the same window displays, and the same approach to sales.(5)The things people like about Benetton stores are that the quality is always high and the prices are generally low.And that spells success.A The founder of Benetton began by asking people what they wanted.B There used to be a good reason for this.C When something is sold at a Benetton store,the storerecords information about the type,size,and color of the item.D Today,there are Benetton shops in major cities all over the world.E This means that customers can go into any Benetton store in the world and be sure of what they are buying.F in other words,Benetton's clothes are made to order.答案1.D2.A3.F4.C5.EWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes together,according to a book by Dr.Leonard Zunin.In his book,Contact:The first four minutes,he offers this advice to anyone interested in starting new friendships:__1__.A lot of people's whole lives would change if they did just that.You may have noticed that average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he as just met.__2__.If anyone has ever done this to you,you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people,the author suggests, we should try to appear friendly and self-confident.In general, he says,People like people who like themselves.On the other hand,we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves.It is important to appearinterested and sympathetic,realizing that the other person has his won needs,fears,and hopes.Hearing such advice,one might say,But I'm not a friendly, self-confident person.That's not my nature.It would be dishonest for me to at that way.__3__.We can become accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality.It is like getting used to a new car.It may be unfamiliar at first,but it goes much better than the old one.But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-confidence when we don't actually feel that way?Perhaps, but according to Dr.Zunin,total honest is not always good for social relationships,especially during the first few minutes of contact.There is a time for everything,and a certain amount of play-acting may be best for the first few minutes of contact with a stranger.That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention faults one finds in other people.It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.__4__.For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart.Dr.Zunin suggests that these firstfew minutes together be treated with care.If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed,they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school,along with reading, writing,and mathematics.__5__that is at least as important as how much we know.A.In reply,Dr.Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us feel comfortable about changing our social habits.B.Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends.C.In his opinion,success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people.D.Every time you meet someone in a social situation,give him your undivided attention for four minutes.E.He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder,as if hoping to find someone more interesting in another part of the room.F.He is eager to make friends with everyone.The first four minutes答案及解析：1.文章标题分析：The first four minutes1.When do people decide whether or not they want to become friends?During their2。
参考答案与解析_2015年职称英语考试历年真题详解及全真模拟试卷（综合类）_[共6页]
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16.【答案】A 【解析】根据文章第一段第二句话可知，最近，原来的纽约城市要求人们不能吸烟、喝酒或做任何 不文明的事情（至少不是在公共场合），题目说最近在纽约有些活动变得不合法。 17.【答案】B 【解析】根据文章第一段第二句话可知，最近，原来的纽约城市要求人们不能吸烟、喝酒或做任 何不文明的事情（至少不是在公共场合），题目说在纽约任何地方吸烟或喝酒都是不合法的，此说法 错误。 18.【答案】C 【解析】句意为：在公园吃苹果是非法的。关键词为 Eating apples“吃苹果”；iuegal“非法的”。通 读全文可知，在全文中没有出现“在公园中吃苹果”以此可判断，此说法是“未提及”的。 19.【答案】C 【解析】纵观全文可知，本文并未提到商人，题目说商人喜欢新的法律。 20.【答案】B 【解析】根据文章第五段最后一句话可知，两人占的是自己的车道，题目说两人把车停在公共车道 上，此说法错误。 21.【答案】A 【解析】根据文章第六段内容可知，在纽约法律规定下，把枪放在工作的地方是可以的，但不是空 的烟灰缸，题目说编辑认为有些新法律很荒谬。 22.【答案】A 【解析】根据文章最后一段第二句话可知，纽约比以前更安全，更干净，更健康，这是真的，题目
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第二部分 职称英语考试历年真题详解及全真模拟试卷
担心”。 11.【答案】D 【解析】句意为：当时，我们没有完全了解所发生事情的重要性。grasp“掌握，领会”，四个选
项：give“给，授予”；attach“缚上，系上，贴上”；lose“遗失，错过，使迷路”；understand“懂， 了解”。
12.【答案】B 【解析】句意为：安德森离开了餐桌，说有些工作要做。remark“评论，注意，谈及”，四个选项： doubt“怀疑，拿不准”；say“说，表示”；think“认为，以为”；know“知道，认识”。 13.【答案】A 【解析】句意为：他断言核能是一种安全而又无污染的能源。四大选项：maintain 意为“主张，强 调”；recommend 意为“推荐”；consider 意为“考虑”；acknowledge 意为“承认”，很明显 A 项正确。 14.【答案】C 【解析】句意为：该研究表明，大学中参加理科课程的人数在持续下降。steady“稳固的，扎实 的”，四个选项：relative“有关系的，相对的”；general“一般的，全面的”；continuous“连续的，持 续的”；sharp“锐利的，明显的”。 15.【答案】A 【解析】句意为：她对什么事情都吹毛求疵。finds fault with“挑剔，批评，抱怨”，四个选项： criticize“批评，责备”；simplify“单一化，简单化”；evaluate“评价，估计”；examine“检查，调查， 考试”。
2015年职称英语综合类补全短文文章及译文汇总
Virtual DriverDriving involves sharp eyes and keen ears，analyzing with a brain，and coordination between hands, feet and brain.A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination between his hands and brains. He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body. (1) Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab, but there is in fact a virtual driver1. This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too. The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right. If you open the boot, you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system： a built-in computer. (2) The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2， analyzing their position on the road，choosing the right path，and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly. (3) However, it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.With its rapid reaction and accurate control，the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably. In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at ahy time and in any place? (4) With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes. (5) This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars，and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.词汇：virtual 虚拟的 built-in 嵌入的coordination 协调，配合 racecar n.赛车cab 驾驶室 expressway 高速公路minicamera n.小型照相机 driverless 无驾驶员的boot.(车身后部的)行李箱注释：1.virtual driver：虚拟驾驶员2.The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at...车的大脑负责计算汽车周围物体移动的速度。
2015年职称英语综合类补全短文试题精选
Mobile PhonesMobile phones should carry a label if they proved1to be a dangerous source of radiation,according to Robert Bell,a scientist.And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be build until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit is scientifically evaluated,he said.“Nobody’s going to drop dead overnight2 but we should be asking for more scientific information,”Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation._____(1)_____A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell,there are3.3million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by32,000a day._____(2)_____As well,there are2,000transmitter towers around Australia,many in high density residential areas5._____(3) _____The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completedthe Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a500metre radius of school grounds,child care centres, hospitals,sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children._____(4)_____He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates._____(5)_____According to Robert Bell,it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it.Besides,he also urges the Government to set up a wide ranging inquiry into possible health effects.词汇：mobile['məubail]adj.移动的circulate['sə:kjuleit]v.流传electromagnetic[ɪlektrəʊ'mæɡnɪtɪk]adj.电磁的density ['densiti]n.密度transmitter tower[trænz'mitə'tauə]发射塔disregard[͵disri'ɡɑ:d]v.不顾shield[∫i:ld]n.隔离屏accelerate[æk'seləreit]v.加速，加快注释：1.动词prove用的是过去式形式proved,这是一种虚拟语气表示假设的用法。
职称英语考试全真模拟试卷五(综合类C级)[共9页]
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A. pile
B. segment
C. sequence
D. file
8. It will be safer to walk the streets because people will not need to carry large amounts of cash. Virtually
all financial deals will be conducted by computer.
D. alive
3. Travelling and meeting new people widen the mind of young people.
A. expanded
B. enlarged
C. broadened
D. extended
4. If you consider this problem in terms of others’ interest, you may change your view.
the life style of the people.
A. implementation
B. manifestation
C. demonstration
D. expedition
10. The new technological revolution in American newspapers has brought increased issue volume, a
A. transactions
B. transmissions
C. transitions
D. transformations
9. The representation of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in
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Ready to Scream?
Fear can be fun.Many young people queue up to ride very fast and scary（吓人的）roller coasters,screaming but enjoying themselves.Other people like to read "goose bumps"（鸡皮疙瘩）books or watch horror movies（恐怖电影）at night,scared to death but feeling excited.＿＿＿＿＿（46）
Fear is an ancient way of surviving.Being scared makes animals（including humans）flee（逃走）from danger and save themselves.It is because of fear that we have lived through millions of years of evolution.Those who lacked a strong fear response（反应）were more likely to be killed，＿＿＿＿＿（47）What happens in the brain when something frightens you?
Nerves（神经）that begin at the eyes and ears lead to a part of the brain called the amygdala（类扁桃体）.When you suddenly see a snake,for example,the amygdala makes you freeze,perspire （流汗）,have a quickened heartbeat,or run very fast.
However,seeing the snake also uses another part of the brain,the cortex（皮层）.It analyzes（分析）the situation,and if it finds that the snake is only made of rubber it tells your heart and the rest of your body to calm down.＿＿＿＿＿（48）Back to the first question： Why do some people like to make themselves scared?
One reason is that we can play games with fear，＿＿＿＿＿（49）Kalin said： "To believe we have control over a situation gives us a feeling of power."
"Scary movies or novels are good practice to prepare young people for the real thing.＿＿＿＿＿（50）.
And there might be some evolutionary advantage to being able to adjust this system that is there to protect people.
A.Thrills（恐惧）such as roller coaster rides also go to the brain's pleasure centre
B.Why do people like being scared?
C.and find ways to reduce the scariness by looking away or thinking of something else
D.leaving the more timid and careful to pass their genes （基因）onto the next generation.
E.Think of the amygdala as the engine and the cortex as the brake.
F.screaming saves ancient people's life.
答案：BDECA。