2019版高考英语二轮复习练酷版练习：专题一习题讲评课三

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2019年高考二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题二习题讲评课三

段中位置题的思考点(一)——并列、顺承、递进关系[典例...One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments ...E．The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.F．In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.[解析]选E此题属并列关系，根据上文所提到的“One”和下文所提到的“The third”可知，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第二条，与E项“The second aspect ...”相呼应。

[增分技巧]表示并列关系的词有：first(ly), second(ly) ...; first, then/next ...; in the first place, in the second place ...; for one thing, for another thing ...；to begin with, to conclude 等标志性词语，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。

[典例...Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.When going for a walk, take along a small garbage bag. 33 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area....E．Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.F．People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.[解析]选E此题属顺承关系。

2019版二轮复习英语练习：专题一习题讲评课3 Word版含解析

推理判断题增分点(一)——细节推断[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them....28．What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A．They developed very fast.B．They were large in number.C．They had similar patterns.D．They were closely connected.[解析]选B根据本段最后一句“Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可推知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言种类却很多，故选B。

2019版二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题三习题讲评课五 Word版含解析

因惯性思维而错选在英语教学中，由于种种原因，如学生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令学生出现一些思维定式现象，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，抑制思维能力的发展。

在做完形填空题时，特别要注意中西文化的差异，克服思维定式。

要养成用英语思维的习惯，要随着文段发展脉络，调整思维偏差。

(一)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，仅记其中文意思，而不深刻理解其实际用法和英汉用法之间的细微差异。

[典例1] (2018·6月浙江高考)One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副业)．Since his regular job was48.boring, I asked him why he just didn ’t do his sideline full -time.He said without the job, he would 49 have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.college. He said that if he51.quit the job, he would lose his52.drive to work and succeed.49．A.luckilyB ．hardlyC ．hopefullyD ．simply分析：选D 根据语境可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。

simply “(强调某说法)确实，简直”。

simply 这个词对于习惯汉语思维的我们而言有点儿抽象。

我们比较熟悉的是它表示“简朴地；简单地”的义项，如：The rooms are simply furnished.和The book explains grammar simply and clearly.(二)学习短语或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响例如：学了wait for 这个短语以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait ，后面要接介词时就毫不犹豫地选择for 。

2019版二轮复习高考英语练酷版练习：专题一习题讲评课十

词义猜测题增分点(三)——“根据上下文指代关系”猜测[典例]　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)...Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture....29．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A．Jazz becoming more accessible.B．The production of jazz growing faster.C．Jazz being less popular with the young.D．The jazz audience becoming larger.[解析]　选C　根据选文第一段中的“...the music has failed to connect with younger generations”可知，爵士乐未能受到年轻人的欢迎。

选文第二段首句提到杰森·莫兰的工作就是要帮助改变这一现象，由此可知that指代“爵士乐不受年轻人欢迎”这一现象，故选C 项。

[干扰项分析]　A项是杰森·莫兰希望做到的事情，可排除；原文没有信息支撑B项，可排除；D项与原文的意思相反，可排除。

2019版高考英语二轮复习练酷版练习：专题三习题讲评课二因不能发现远距离复现词而错选(含解析)

因不能发现远距离复现词而错选词汇复现是指某一个词以原词，或同/ 近义词(如decide 与determine )、同根词(如ill 与illness )、上下义词(如rose 是flower 的下义词， flower 是rose 的上义词)、反义词(如wrong 与right )等方式在同一语篇中重复出现的现象。

词汇复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段。

我们在解答完形填空题时，要留心选项中是否有与上下文中的词汇相对应的词，利用词汇复现解题。

1．原词复现——在上下文中同一词汇重复出现[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits ...I managed to get an A in that 53 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54. classroom.53．A.gameB ．presentationC ．courseD ．experiment分析：本题可以利用原词复现解题。

根据文章首句中的“the education department was offering a ‘free ’ course ”可知，“我”设法在那门“课程”上获得了A ，此处是course 的原词复现，故选C 项。

2．同/近义词复现——意思相同、相近的表达方式，或者解释性的词汇复现[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The baby was born and update texts were ing in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa.In her 48 ， she didn ’t seem to realize that she was 49.sharing the baby ’s photos with a complete stranger.48．A.opinionB ．anxietyC ．excitementD ．effort分析：本题可以利用近义词复现解题。

2019版二轮复习英语练酷版练习：第3天 award—bread 含解析

第3天/award—bread(训练日期月日) Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Awarded (奖励；奖赏) by the government for his saving the woman’s life, the man felt very proud.2．Our students come from different backgrounds (背景) but have the same desire to learn.3．Based (依据) on the schedule, this special match will take place on the afternoon of May 8 on our school playground.4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The bay was bathed (沐浴着) in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.5．Before making the final decision, you’d better balance(权衡) the advantages against the disadvantages.6．I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real bargain (便宜货)．7．Staying up to study does harm to your health.Besides (此外), it will affect your study the following day for lack of energy.8．Parents shouldn’t always blame (责备) their children for the mistakes they have made.9．Bored (厌烦) with life in the city, he is determined to live in the quiet countryside.10．I’m sorry to bother (打扰) you with so many questions on such an occasion.Ⅱ.用括号中单词的适当形式填空1．The activity has certainly succeeded in raising public awareness (aware) of protecting the environment.2．The government provides them with not only food and shelter, but also the basic (base) skills for their living.3．I hold the firm belief (believe) that you will develop a great interest in this gentle exercise.4．You’d better keep a balanced (balance) diet for the benefit of your health.5．I was blessed (bless) with a happy childhood, one that most people would want to have.6．Money was raised to beautify our hometown, and the houses were beautifully decorated. I dare say, you couldn’t find a more beautiful place than our hometown. (beauty) 7．The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behaviour in front of others.(behave)8．Seeing Jack bleeding after the bloody accident, we sent him to hospital immediately.The O-type blood was badly needed then, so some of us offered to help him.(bleed) 9．I can say it is of great benefit to share your feelings with someone you trust, which is also beneficial to your mental health.(benefit)10．They don’t feel bored at all with some boring information.(bore)Ⅲ.根据括号中的汉语提示完成句子1．The first thing I became aware of (意识到) was all the vivid colours surrounding me — purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens.2．(2018·济南模拟书面表达)On behalf of/Representing (代表) our school, I’m glad to tell you something about these activities.3．It is you rather than he that are to blame (应负责任) for the terrible accident.4．As we all know, no one knows how the universe came into being (形成；诞生)．5．It is well-known that China is a country belonging to (属于) the third world.6．You’ve done so much work that you are bound to (一定；必定) pass the College Entrance Examination.Ⅳ.写出加黑部分在语境中的词性及含义1．back (熟义：n.后面；后部)Many of his friends backed his plan, which made him very surprised. v.支持2．badly (熟义：ad v.不好地)English teachers are badly needed in our school. ad v.迫切地；很3．bare (熟义：adj.裸露的)He likes to bare his heart/soul to his close friends. v.(向某人)敞开(心扉)4．bear (熟义：n.熊v t.生育；忍受；承担)(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. v t.携带5．behavior (熟义：n.举止；行为)The behavior of this computer is good. n.性能；特点6．bicycle (熟义：n.自行车)In the morning, we bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees. v i.骑自行车7．block (熟义：n.街区)When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.v.阻碍；堵塞8．blue (熟义：adj.蓝色的n.蓝色)His songs always make me feel blue. adj.忧伤的9．book (熟义：n.书)I would like to book three seats for tonight’s concert. v.预订；预购Ⅴ.用括号中动词的适当形式填空1．Our team was easily beaten (beat) in the first round of the competition.2．Environmental pollution is recognized to have become (become) one of the most serious problems that people face.3．Faced with such a difficult situation, he begged (beg) me for help.4．Cigarette advertising should be banned (ban) because smoking is bad for our health.5．The show began (begin ) at 2 o’clock last Saturday at the Student Centre.6．He bent (bend)down and picked up a book from the floor.7．Bitten (bite) by the snake in the bush, Susan was sent back to the camp.8．The trees blown (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.Ⅵ.改正下列句子中的唯一错误1．In my view, reading books is the better way to kill time on the train.better→best 2．You’d better to store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately.去掉to3．It is good to keep the close relationship between teachers or students.or→and4．Believing it or not, their team lost most of the football matches.Believing→Believe 5．(2018·武汉市调研)Suddenly they raised their voice and began to talk loudly about how beautifully the shoes were and how low the price was.beautifully→beautiful 6．The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others blind.blind→blindly7．As is known to us, a harmonious dormitory is important to college students and benefit all the members.benefit→benefitsⅦ.用括号中的参考词汇表达句子1．记住，逐渐地我们就能养成好的学习习惯并从中获益。

2019版二轮复习高考英语练酷版练习：专题二习题讲评课三

2019版二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题一习题讲评课一 Word版含解析

专题一阅读理解细节理解题增分点(一)——间接细节理解题细节理解题常分为直接细节理解题、间接细节理解题和概括细节理解题。

间接细节理解题相对于直接细节理解题而言难度要大，命题的迷惑性更大，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。

考生不能从原文中直接找到答案，而是要对原文信息稍加归纳才能得出正确答案。

[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选)...Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein)．Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质)．The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C....24．What does the author seem to like about cherries?A．They contain protein.B．They are high in vitamin A.C．They have a pleasant taste.D．They are rich in antioxidants.[解析]选C在该选段中，作者比较了草莓、蓝莓、樱桃和核桃类水果各自不同的优点，从其中“As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares？”这句话可知，人们喜欢樱桃是因为它们味道甜美。

2019版二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题三习题讲评课一

专题三完形填空因淡化首句信息而导致耗时费力完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不设空，这是为了给考生提供一个清晰而完整的背景。

记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。

仔细分析文章的首句，往往能获取许多解题信息，从而节省考生的做题时间。

1．利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测故事的发展。

[典例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.2] to their wrong investment.利用首句信息进行推断归”预测信息下文很可能讲述夫妇俩面临绝境后的生活状况(铺阴影的题目为“可利用首句信息解题”)A体裁话题词数限时记叙文孤寡老人建游泳池289 15分钟attention away from his 1 ，the retired judge built a pool into his backyard, and 2 all those in his neighborhood to play anytime they’d like.He hoped that the 3 of water splashing (飞溅) and children playing would 4 the silence that has engulfed (吞没) his home in the days after Evy’s passing.“I had a 5 life, and after my wife 6 ，that ended，”says Davison.“You get used to having a person there to enjoy life with, and now this place is so 7 .”The neighborhood children have been lining up to play since the pool opened.Davison’s only 8 is that a child’s parent must be 9 to take care of them.Jessica Huebner, a neighbor of Davison, says that Davison and Evy were always 10 to the kids in the neighborhood.“It’s about spreading 11 and happiness to our neighborhood and these children 12 he sees them as the face of the future，”says Huebner.“He is just a very kind man.”Huebner 13 brings cookies and home-cooked meals to Davison to show her 14 for what he has done.“He built the pool for us and our children, 15 we can do more to visit with him，”she says.“That’s what he wants; he wants to 16 with the kids.”Still, Davison is 17 the absence of his wife.The walls of the house still remind him of her, because she 18 them to her taste, something he very much 19 .But Davison thinks Evy would be happy to see the neighborhood having so much 20 in their backyard.He just wishes she was there to see it.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。

2019版二轮复习高考英语练酷版练习：专题三习题讲评课一 Word版含解析

专题三完形填空因淡化首句信息而导致耗时费力完形填空一般无标题，首句一般不设空，这是为了给考生提供一个清晰而完整的背景。

记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。

仔细分析文章的首句，往往能获取许多解题信息，从而节省考生的做题时间。

1．利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测故事的发展。

[典例1] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ) During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits.to the right woman.利用首句可抓住文章的核心及中心话题，这对于理解全文和解题有着重要的启示作用。

[典例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.2] 利用首句信息进行推断to their wrong investment.直接信息首句点明了“Raynor Winn和她丈夫Moth因为投资失误变得无家可归”预测信息下文很可能讲述夫妇俩面临绝境后的生活状况(铺阴影的题目为“可利用首句信息解题”)A体裁话题词数限时记叙文孤寡老人建游泳池289 15分钟attention away from his 1 ，the retired judge built a pool into his backyard, and 2 all those in his neighborhood to play anytime they’d like.He hoped that the 3 of water splashing (飞溅) and children playing would 4 the silence that has engulfed (吞没) his home in the days after Evy’s passing.“I had a 5 life, and after my wife 6 ，that ended，”says Davison.“You get used to having a person there to enjoy life with, and now this place is so 7 .”The neighborhood children have been lining up to play since the pool opened.Davison’s only 8 is that a child’s parent must be 9 to take care of them.Jessica Huebner, a neighbor of Davison, says that Davison and Evy were always 10 to the kids in the neighborhood.“It’s about spreading 11 and happiness to our neighborhood and these children 12 he sees them as the face of the future，”says Huebner.“He is just a very kind man.”Huebner 13 brings cookies and home-cooked meals to Davison to show her 14 for what he has done.“He built the pool for us and our children, 15 we can do more to visit with him，”she says.“That’s what he wants; he wants to 16 with the kids.”Still, Davison is 17 the absence of his wife.The walls of the house still remind him of her, because she 18 them to her taste, something he very much 19 .But Davison thinks Evy would be happy to see the neighborhood having so much 20 in their backyard.He just wishes she was there to see it.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。

2019年高考二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题三习题讲评课四

因忽视语境关系、断章取义而错选近几年高考英语完形填空的最大特点是重点考查语境理解。

所谓语境，就是指文章上下文之间的联系，它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。

正因为完形填空题主要考查考生对语境的理解能力，所以空格的前后多有暗示(后文暗示前文的居多)。

考生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系，结合语境辨析所给选项，从中选出最符合语境的选项。

[典例1] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something52.occurred to me.Those brown eyes were very 53 “What ’s his name ？” I asked the instructor.“Ben ，” he replied, and immediately I 54.knew.That stranger was my son!53．A.sharp B ．pleasantC ．attractiveD ．familiar分析：选D 本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。

从下文可知，作者救出来的是自己的儿子，因此这里表示在作者眼里，对方的褐色眼睛看起来很熟悉(familiar)。

[典例2]　(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In 1973, I was teaching elementary school.Each day, 27 kids 41 “The Thinking Laboratory”．That was the students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too 43.dull.41．A.builtB ．enteredC ．decoratedD ．ran分析：选B 本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。

2019版二轮复习高考英语练酷版练习：专题一习题讲评课五

主旨大意题增分点(一)——文章大意[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.31.What is the main idea of the text?A．New languages will be created.B．People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.C．Human development results in fewer languages.D．Geography determines language evolution.[解析]选C第一段说明语言已有几千年的历史，但有一些语言正在消失；第二段说明随着人类社会的发展，语言变得更少；第三段说明语言的分布是不均匀的；第四段介绍了超过400种语言正面临消亡的威胁。

2019版二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题一习题讲评课五 Word版含解析

2019版二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题一习题讲评课二 Word版含解析

细节理解题增分点(二)——概括细节理解题[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C节选)...Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages.He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors.This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements (元素)．Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions.Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize....30．What made Wang’s architectural design a success?A．The mixture of different shapes.B．The balance of East and West.C．The use of popular techniques.D．The harmony of old and new.[解析]选D根据选段第一段第三句“This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements (元素)．”和选段第二段第二句中的“Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture”可知，传统与现代元素的和谐共存是王澍建筑设计成功的秘诀，故选D。

2019版二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题三习题讲评课三

2019年4月因对词汇的多义和生义理解偏差而错选在英语中，多数的词都是多义词，我们把这种现象称之为一词多义。

一词多义是很普遍的语言现象。

在完形填空的选项中，有时也出现一些多义词。

这些词除了我们常见的词义外，在一些特定语境中，又出现了新的意义，即熟词生义。

如果对这类词的常见意义掌握得不够全面，会给考生在解答完形填空时带来很大的干扰，导致错选或误选。

(一)对语篇中的关键词汇理解偏差写出下面加黑单词的词性和含义。

1．(2018·江苏高考)They planned to keep the budget low by living on boiled noodles, with the occasional hamburger shop treat.treat 常见含义：v .对待句中含义：n.款待2．(2016·6月浙江高考)During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.station 常见含义：n.车站，电台句中含义：v t.安置3．(北京高考)At the state championships in March, she finished seventh out of 16 girls.finish 常见含义：v .完成；结束句中含义：v ．获得名次4．(辽宁高考)She got off her bike and put it against the gate post.post 常见含义：v t.邮寄n.职位句中含义：n.柱；桩(二)对题干中的选项词汇理解偏差1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Much to the family ’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his 52.promise! He turned up at the hospital53 gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. 53．A.bearingB ．collectingC ．openingD ．making 分析：选A 根据语境可知，丹尼斯履行了他的承诺，他带着(bearing)礼物去看了初为人母的Lindsey 和她的宝宝。

2019版二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题二习题讲评课三

2019年4月段中位置题的思考点(一)——并列、顺承、递进关系一、根据并列关系解题[典例](2013·全国卷Ⅰ片段)...One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments ...E．The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.F．In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.[详细分析]选E此题属并列关系，根据上文所提到的“One”和下文所提到的“The相呼third”可知，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第二条，与E项“The second aspect ...”应。

二、根据顺承关系解题[典例](2018·浙江高考片段)...Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.When going for a walk, take along a small garbage bag. 33 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area....E．Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.F．People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.[详细分析]选E此题属顺承关系。

2019年高考二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题一习题讲评课三

推理判断题增分点(一)——细节推断[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers,small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them....28．What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?A．They developed very fast.B．They were large in number.C．They had similar patterns.D．They were closely connected.[解析]　选B　根据本段最后一句“Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可推知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言种类却很多，故选B。

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推理判断题增分点(一)——细节推断[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them....28．What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A．They developed very fast.B．They were large in number.C．They had similar patterns.D．They were closely connected.[解析]选B根据本段最后一句“Some language experts believe th at 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可推知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言种类却很多，故选B。

[干扰项分析]根据选段第二句可知，在狩猎时代，小的紧密联系的群体发展了各自独立的语言，故C、D两项错误；根据本段内容可知，文中未提及狩猎时代语言的发展速度，可排除A项。

[增分技巧]细节推断题考查的内容虽然也属于原文细节，但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于由已知推断未知。

解答这类题的一般步骤是：(1)定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点；(2)字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意思；(3)深层理解：结合语境和常识，在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。

细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推理的依据，进行正向或逆向思维，推断出隐含的深层含义，推断时要做到判断有据，推论有理。

切忌主观臆断、过度推断、错误推断和以细节代替推断。

A(2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D节选)We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style.That’s bad news for the environment —and our wallets —as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things....32. What does the author think of new devices?A．They are environment-friendly.B．They are no better than the old.C．They cost more to use at home.D．They go out of style quickly.解析：选A根据选段最后一句中的“these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things”可知，这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源，由此可推知新的设备更节能、更环保。

B(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C节选)...When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading.It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time....30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A．E-books are of poor quality.B．It could be a waste of time.C．It may harm children’s health.D．E-readers are expensive.解析：选C根据选段最后一句中的“many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time”可知，许多家长仍然限制孩子阅读电子读物的原因，主要是担心孩子看电子屏幕时间增加，也就是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。

故选C。

C(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B节选)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.However, when it works, it is simply beautiful....24．What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?A．Efforts made in vain.B．Getting injured in his work.C．Feeling uncertain about his future.D．Creatures forced out of their homes.解析：选A根据选段的“Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.”可知，救助一些受伤、流离失所或病残的动物有时是令人心碎的，因为不能保证野生动物会存活下去，由此可推断作者的救助有时是徒劳的。

故选A。

D(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C节选)...Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran....30．What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?A．It will disappear gradually.B．It remains black and white.C．It should keep up with the times.D．It changes every 50 years.解析：选C根据选段内容尤其是“It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same”可推知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。

AAre you planning to go to university？What do you think your responsibilities will be in the first few weeks？If you go to university in Chile, there will be something extra you must do before you can begin.An important part of starting university in Chile is the mechoneo.The mechoneo is an ancient university traditi on.Students beginning their first year at university are “welcomed” by the older university students.They are taken to a place like a swimming pool filled with horrible things such as old fruit, vegetables, meat and fish.They have to do games and challenges for a whole day, which may include some really revolting things like kissing a dead fish!The “queen mechona” and “king mechona” are chosen that day.This will be based on how well the students do the activities, and many students try hard to be the king or queen for the year.The older students then take away the younger students’things (their backpacks, money, phones, etc.) and tell them they must go out onto the street and ask people for money.They will need to bring back a certain amount of money (e.g.around 20 dollars per person) in order to be given their things back.This money is then used to have a welcome party in the night time.During the month of March it is common to see new university students all around the towndebate.Some students see it as an important tradition and a unique experience that can help new arrivals get to know everyone while others find it shameful.There have been campaigns to ban or soften it and student organizations in some universities have voted to end the mechoneo completely.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

2019版高考英语二轮复习练酷版练习：专题一 习题讲评 课三

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