unit 4 part one -langauge study
视听说第四册Unit4
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What job is she applying for?
a. flight attendant b. fashion designer c. tour guide
Unit
4
The World of Work
Lesson A Work history Lesson B Dream jobs
An English Video Course 4 视听说教程（3rd Edition）电子教案 4
Unit 1 Our Earth Unit 2 Technology Today Unit 3 Newspapers and the News Unit 4 The World of Work Unit 5 Big Business Unit 6 Wealth Unit 7 Social Issues Unit 8 Honestly Speaking
Diane
Mimi
New words and expressions shift n. 轮班 for sure 肯定 on stage 在舞台上 go out 熄灭 on one’s feet 站着
Unit
4
The World of Work
Lesson A Work history Lesson B Dream jobs
young kids . I a lot of practice working with children. I love to work with (4) _________ _____________
graduate from the university next June , and I expect to (5) _______________________________ a kindergarten . I’ll try to start hope to find a job in (6) ____________ working in September.
全新版大学英语综合教程第二册教案Unit4
全新版⼤学英语综合教程第⼆册教案Unit4 Unit 4The Virtual WorldⅠ. Suggested Teaching PlanStudents will be able to1. understand the main idea (despite the many negative effects ofvirtual life, the author prefers it to real life) and structure of the text(contrast between virtual life and real life);2. learn some rules of interpreting new vocabulary and usage related tocomputers and the Internet in English;3. grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activitiesrelated to the theme of the unit.1st period2nd period3rd period4th period5th periodPre-reading While-reading(textorganization;languagepoints)While-reading(languagepoints;“find”structure;consequencesofvirtual life)Post-reading;Check onstudents’homereading(Text B)Theme-RelatedLanguageLearn-ing Tasks1. T asks Ss the following questions on the poem Surfing the Internet:(5minutes)* What was the hero doing when his boss came in? (surfing the Internet) * How did he act in front of his boss? (He pretended to be surprised at the computer which had crashed “unexpectedly”.)2. Ss look at the theme of this unit (The Virtual World) and the title of TextA (A Virtual Life), then try to: (10 minutes)* find antonyms of “virtual world” and “virtual life”; (real world, real life) * suggest synonyms for “virtual world”; (cyberspace, cyberia, etherworld, virtual reality, Internet world, net world, etc.)* say what people can do on the Internet, (communicating with people, shopping, reading, entertainment, education, working, hacking, publishing, etc.)3. Imaginative writing(28 minutes)1) T dictates to Ss the following paragraph:For the past two weeks, other participants of the Net Survival Contest (⽹络⽣存竞赛)and I have been shut up in bare hotel rooms.Our only link to the real world has been a computer that is hooked up to the Internet (联⽹电脑). We have relied on it, not only for food, bed sheets and other daily necessities, but also to set up an e-business （电⼦商务）of our own.2) Now Ss will complete the next paragraph beginning with: “Now it istime for me to walk out into the light of day again...” They willgive their imagination full play. They will write no more than 100words.3) Ss form groups of four to five, and read aloud to each other theirown writings.4) T asks some groups to recommend the best piece in their group tothe class.4. T may lead in to Text A by saying: Some of us like to live a life in contact with real things and real people, but others favora virtual existence. Which life is better? I’m sure you have different opinions. Now let’s read Text A to find out what Maia Szalavitz has to say about these two life styles. (2 minutes)1. Text organization (15 minutes)1) T draws Ss’ attention to Text Organization Exercise 1, and lets themread its instructions as well as what has already been done for them in this exercise.2) Ss try to complete the exercise by simply reading the first sentence ofeach paragraph in Text A.1) Ss compare answers with each other; if necessary, T may help.2. T explains the key language points and gives Ss practice (see LanguageStudy). (45 minutes)3. T guides Ss through Structure Exercise 2. (10 minutes)2. Ss re-read Paras 4-10, work in pairs to find out consequences of “my”virtual life. Can they use the “find oneself + adj./ past participle/present participle” structure when summing up the conse-quences? (10 minutes)3. Some pairs report to the class their findings, using the “find” structure.(5 minutes)1. Computer-related vocabulary items (20 minutes)1) Ss scan Text A to find out vocabulary items related to computer andthe Internet. (They are: virtual life, the net, telecommuter, email,Internet mailing lists, computer-assisted, data, link, cyber-interaction, on line, system crash, click on the modem, connection,password)2) T tells Ss that new terms related to computer and the Internet areconstantly added to the English vocabulary, so much so that many ofthem are not included in any English dictionary. However, if weapply certain rules, their meanings are easy to deduce.3) T gives Ss more examples of computer-related vocabulary items (seeText Analysis).2. T guides Ss through some after-text exercises. (25 minutes)3. T checks on Ss’ home reading (Text B). (3 minutes)4. Ss do Part IV: Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks. (1 period)5. T asks Ss to prepare the next unit: (2 minutes)1) do the pre-reading task;2) preview Text A.Ⅱ.Text AnalysisThe most dynamic combining forms/prefixes for new computer-and-Internet-related vocabulary in English are cyber-, virtual, Net- (net-), Web-(web-), and E- (e-).New English vocabulary items derived from them usually appear in the following forms:1. combining forms/prefixes + noun: this is the most common type, e.g.virtual life (虚拟⽣活), virtual world (虚拟世界), virtualcommunity（虚拟社区）, virtual office (虚拟办公室), virtual pet (虚拟宠物),virtual reality (虚拟现实),cyber-interaction (⽹络互动),cyberculture(⽹络⽂化),cybernut (⽹⾍), cyberpet(电⼦宠物),cyberspace (⽹络空间), netwriter（发送电⼦邮件的⼈）,nethead (⽹⾍), Webmaster (⽹站维护者), Web page (⽹页), website (⽹站),WebTV (⽹络电视机), E-book (电⼦书籍), E-shopper (⽹上购物者), e-card (电⼦贺卡), e(-)mail (电⼦邮件), e-journal (电⼦杂志),e-business (电⼦商务), e-cash (电⼦货币), e-commerce (电⼦商务). 2. combining forms/prefixes + verb: e.g. cybersurf （⽹络漫游）, netsurf (⽹络漫游), websurf (⽹络漫游)，email (发送电⼦邮件)3. words like cyber, net, etc. + suffix: e.g. cyberian (cyber + ian, ⽹络⽤户), cyberphobia (cyber + phobia, 电脑恐惧症), cybernaut (cyber +naut ⽹络⽤户), netter (net + er ⽹民), Webify (web + fy 使万维⽹化), cyberize (cyber + ize, 使联⽹).4. clipped word: cyberdoc (cyber + doctor, ⽹络医⽣), Netcast (Net +broadcast,⽹络播放), Netiquette (Net + etiquette, ⽹规), Netizen (Net+ citizen, ⽹民,), Netpreneur (Net + entrepreneur, ⽹络企业家),Webcam (Web + camera, ⽹络摄像机), Webcasting (Web + broadcasting,⽹络播放), Webliography (Web + bibliogrpahy, ⽹络书⽬), Webnomics (Web + economics, ⽹络经济), Webzine (Web +magazine, ⽹络杂志), e-tailing (electronic + retailing,电⼦零售), e-zine (electronic + magazine,电⼦杂志)Ⅲ. Cultural Notes1. the Internet: an international computer network for the exchange of information. It was originally used mainly in the academic and military worlds but has since become available to the large and increasing number of people with personal computers. Other services, e.g. the World Wide Web, are available through it.The Internet is changing our lives and a parallel universe is rapidly emerging online. Today there’s scarcely an aspect of our life that isn’t being upended by the torrent of information available on the hundreds of millions of sites crowding the Internet, not to mention its ability to keep us in constant touch with each other via electronic mail. The Internet is saving companies billions of dollars in producing goods and serving the needs of their customers. Nothing like it has been seen since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, when power-driven machines began producing more in a day than men could turn out in nearly a year. The Internet and e-commerce are viewed as a global megatrend along the lines of the printing press, the telephone, the computer and the electricity.You would be hard pressed to name something that isn’t available on the Internet. Consider: books, health care, movie tickets, baby clothes, stocks, real estate, toys and airline tickets. American kids today are so computer savvy that it virtually ensures the United States will remain the unchallenged leader in cyberspace for the foreseeable future. Most kids use computers to play games and have email chats with friends.What’s clear is that, whether we like it or not, the Internet is an ever-growing part of our lives and there is no turning back. 2. NBC (the National Broadcasting Company): the first of the originalthree US national broadcasting companies. It was established in 1926by Radio Corporation of America as two groups of radio stations. Thefirst NBC television channel opened in 1940. The company is nowowned by General Electric. Its main offices are at Rockefeller Centerin New York.3. PBS (the Public Broadcasting Service): (in the US) a televisionsystem that broadcasts programs to an association of local stationswhich use no television advertisements and do not make a profit. Itwas established by the Public Broadcasting Act and is supported bymoney from the US Government, large companies and the public.PBS is known for the high quality of its programs.4. ABC (the American Broadcasting Company): one of the original threemajor television networks in America. It began in 1943 as the BlueNetwork of six radio stations. ABC is now owned by the Walt DisneyCompany .Ⅳ. Language Study1. virtual: 1) created and existing only in a computerExamples: I can visit a virtual store and put what I want in my basket atthe click of a mouse button.Some people spend too much time escaping from reality intothe virtual world conjured up on their computer screens.2) being or acting as what is described, but not accepted as such inname or officiallyExamples: Our deputy manager is the virtual head of the business.Now that the talks have broken down, war in the region looks like a virtual certainty.2. interpret: 1) understand (sth. said, ordered, or done)Examples: They are worried that the students might interpret the new regulation as a restriction of their rights. She interprets the dream as an unconscious desire to be young again.2) give or provide the meaning of,explainExamples: How do you interpret his refusal tosee us?This dream can be interpreted in several different ways.3) translate what is said in one language into anotherExamples: I am terribly sorry, but I don’t understand a word. Could you interpret for me?No one in the tour group spoke Spanish so we had to ask the guide to interpret.3. tone: a particular quality or intonation of the voiceExamples: From the tone of her voice I could tell she was very angry.Suddenly he laughed again, but this time with a cold, sharptone.4. stretch: (cause to) become longer, wider, etc. without breakingExamples: My working day stretches from seven in the morning toeight at night.The child stretched the rubber band to its full extent.5. submit: give (sth.) to sb. so that it may be formally considered (followed by to)Examples: You should submit your reports to the committee.I am going to submit an application for that job in Microsoft.Peter submitted his plans for the new town square to the local government.6. edit: revise or correctExamples: Jack is busy editing Shakespeare’s plays for use in schools.John didn’t finish editing the annual report until the end of lastmonth.7. email: electronic mailExamples: Young people like to keep in touch with their friends via email.I received an email from my studentyesterday.vt. send an email toExamples: I will email you the instant I get thenews.She’ll email me a question before she calls so I can think it overin advance.8. communicate: contact sb. in any way, esp. by speaking to them, writing to them or calling them (followed by with) Examples: Some young people depend heavily on email to communicate with each other.They have been divorced for years and never communicated with each other.9. the Internet: the worldwide network of computer links which allows computer users to connect with computers all over the world, and which carries electronic mailExamples: Whether we like it or not, the Internet is an ever-growing partof our lives.You can take online courses and earn your degree via theInternet whenever and wherever you want to.It’s believed the Internet was born in 1969 when twocomputers at the University of California, Los Angeles wereconnected by a 15 foot cable.10. relationship: state of being connectedExamples: What is the relationship between language and thought?The scientist had a good working relationship with his Americancolleagues.11. at times: sometimesExamples: She has been away from her home for about a year. At times she wishes she had never left. He went on listening to her, at times impatient and at times fascinated.12. take in: absorb (sth.) into the body by breathingor swallowingExamples: The earth takes in heat and light fromthe sun.Fish take in oxygen through their gills.13. data: information, usu. in the form of facts or statistics thatyou can analyzeExamples: This data is stored on the network and can beaccessed by anybody.The data is still being analyzed, so I can’t tell you the results.14. spit: send (liquid, food, etc.) out from the mouth (used in the pattern: spitsth. (out) (at/on/onto sbJsth.))Examples: The baby spat its food out on the table.He took one sip of the wine and spat it out.15. on line: connected to or controlled by a computer(network)Examples: Our system is on line to the maincomputer.The largest online institution is the University of Phoenix, withsome 1000 students today and hopes of reaching 200,000 studentsin 10 years.16. symptom: 1) sign of the existence of sth. badExamples: High interest rates are a symptom of a weak economy.They regard the increase in crime as a symptom of a more generaldecline in moral standards.2) change in the body that indicates an illnessExamples: A cold, fever and headache are the usualsymptoms of flu.If the symptoms persist, it is important to go to your doctor.17. nightmare: a terrifying dreamExamples: Tom didn’t eat fish because it gives him nightmares.Watching horror films gives menightmares.I had a nightmare about falling off theskyscraper.18. conversely: in a way that is opposite to sth.Examples: $1 will buy 100 yen worth of Japanese goods. Conversely, 100 yen will buy $1 worth of American goods. You can add the fluid to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the fluid.19. but then: yet at the same timeExamples: The failure of China’s soccer team looks inevitable. But then, anything can happen in football.Mary performed better than the others in the final exam; but then,she spent much longer on it than they did.20. jar: have a harsh or an unpleasant effect (used in the pattern: jarsth., jar on sbJsth.)Examples: You shouldn’t have too many colors in a small space as the effect can jar.The loud bang jarred my nerves.Her squeaky voice jarred on me.21. suck in: (usu. passive) involve (sb.) in an activity, an argument, etc., usu.against their will (used in the pattern: suck sb. in/into sth.; suck in)Examples: I don’t want to get sucked into the debate about school reform.Some teenagers don’t want to get involved with gangs, but theyfind themselves getting sucked in.22. keep up with: learn about or be aware of (thenews, etc.)Examples: Carrie likes to keep up with the latestfashions.He didn’t bother to keep up with the news. His only concern wasto study.23. Work moves into the background: Work becomes secondary to me.24. in sight: 1) visibleExamples: It was early in the morning and there wasn’t anyone in sight oncampus.As the train pulled into the station my parents standing on theplatform were soon in sight.2) likely to come soonExamples: Two months passed, and victory was not yetin sight.The end of the economic nightmare is still nowhere in sight.A solution to the problem of environmental pollution now seemsin sight.25. remark: thing said or written as a commentExamples: The principal of the school made some remarks about educational reform at the meeting. Mr. Smith approached us and made a couple of remarks aboutthe weather.His rude remark about my book jarred on me.26. emotional: 1) of the emotionsExamples: She is grateful to him for his emotional support while she wasin trouble.It’s quite difficult to handle emotional problems.2) having emotions that are easily excitedExamples: Marie got very emotional when we parted, andstarted to cry.It’s said that the Italians are more emotional than we are.27. cue: anything that serves as a signal about what to do or say (followedby to / for)Examples: When he started to talk about the finances, that was our cue toget up quietly and leave.When I nod my head, that’s your cue to giveflowers to him.Mr. Clinton’s excitement was the cue for acampaign.28.1 say a line: I type a line on the screen.29. routine: a fixed and regular way of doing things (oftenadjectival)Examples: The job is really just a dull series of fairly routine tasks. I don’t think you’ll take it.He established a new routine after retirement.30. rely on/upon: depend confidently on, put trust inExamples: Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers to control theflow of traffic.Some children relied heavily on the advice of theirparents.31.abuse: wrong or bad use or treatment of sth./sb.Examples: The World Health Organization (WHO) has published a report on drug abuse and addiction.The policemen are making an investigationof child abuse.32. restore: bring back to a former condition (used in the pattern: restoresth.; restore sb. to sth.)Examples: Law and order will be quickly restored after the incident.Winning three games restored their confidence.Doing sports every day restored the old man to good health.The deposed king was restored to power.33. arrange: prepare or plan (used in the pattern: arrange sth.; arrange todo sth.; arrange for sb./ sth. to do sth.)Examples: Her marriage was arranged by her parents.Let’s arrange to have a dinner together some time before wegraduate.I have arranged for a taxi to pick us up at 8:00 a.m.I could arrange for you to come along with us if you like.34. flee: run away (from) (used in the pattern: flee from/to; fleesomeplace)Examples: The customers fled from the bank when the alarmsounded.During the war, thousands upon thousands of Afghans fled the country.Up to five million political refugees have fled to other countries.35. interview: 1) a meeting at which a journalist asks sb. questions inorder to find out their newsExamples: In an exclusive interview with our reporter, the film star revealed some of his personal affairs.Radio interviews are generally more relaxed than television ones.2) a formal meeting at which sb. applying for a job is askedquestions, as a way of judging how suitable they are Examples: I have been asked to go for an interview for a project I applied for at Harvard University.She has had a couple of job interviews, but nooffers.v.Examples: As a journalist, he interviewed manygovernment officials.After the press conference, the journalist interviewed the UN Secretary General about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.I will be interviewed next week for the Chief Executive’s job.36. appointment: an arrangement to meet or visit sb. at a particular time (followed by with)Examples: You can’t see the president of the university unless you make an appointment.I’ve made an appointment to see my tutor tomorrow.37. click: press or release a mouse button rapidly, as to select an icon (followed by on)Example: When shopping online, you just click the mouse and order what you want to buy.38. tune: a series of musical notes that is pleasant andeasy to rememberExamples: She whistled a happy tune all the wayhome.He was humming a merry tune while cooking.。
大学英语四(综合教程)第四单元
大学英语四(综合教程)第四单元大学体验英语四（综合教程）Unit4Language and EconomyListen and TalkLead inEnglish is becoming the world's language of the21st Century and this is no time to 1.U.S.residents or immigrants2.learning English.English is now the second most widely spoken language in the world,with only Chinese 3.spoken by more people.English is 4.,the second language of5.,for non-English-speaking people.English is the official language of the European Central Bank and the working language of the Asian trade group ASEAN.In multilingual continental Europe,a 6.battle over language popularity appears to be ending with English emerging as the7.for the21st century.The Germans have given up trying to persuade more British people to learn their language and,instead,8.Germany's leading newspaper produces an eight-page English edition and declares that"9.."Switzerland has three official languages,German,French, and Italian,plus a fourth language spoken in one canton,Romansh.But Switzerland recently10.rather than one of its official languages.Key:1.discourage;2.from;3.dialects;4.overwhelmingly;5.choice6.fierce;7.standard;8.are now promoting English as the language of the21st century9.English is going to be the lingua franca of the new century10.adopted English to be taught as the second language of choice;Passage A:A stateless language that Europe must embrace 2.Answer the following questions with information from the passage.1.What is the popular superstition about English majors' choice of occupations according to the passage?English majors are confined to choosing careers between journalism and teaching.2.Why does the author think that English majors have advantages over non-English majors in terms of employment? Experience shows that English major graduates qualify for a surprising range of jobs.In fact,they are also often well prepared for future careers in law,medicine,business,and government service.3.What does the author try to say by pointing out that English major students may get high scores on the Law School Admission Test(L.S.A.T.)?The skills tested in L.S.A.T.clearly show that an undergraduate major in English is strong preparation for this test.4.How can one get admitted to a medical school in the U.S? One must take thirty-two hours of science courses and pass the M.C.A.T.with a minimum score asrequired by the particular medical school.5.What do the surveys tell us about the employment of graduates with degrees in English?They tell us that the essential skills needed for various careers are adequately covered by the education programs for English majors.3.Choose the best answer to each question based on the information you obtain from the passage.1.What is the focus of the Law School Admission Test (L.S.A.T.)?A)Basic analyzing and problem-solving abilities.B)Specialized medical knowledge.C)Reading and writing skills.D)Ability to appreciate literature and arts.2.Why are English majors well prepared for the Medical College Admission Test?A)Because English majors have a more solid grounding in language.B)Because English majors possess skills in analysis, interpretation and communication.C)Because English majors have thirty-two semester hours of extra science training.D)Because English majors are more familiar with the requirements of the test.3.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A)Graduates with merely technical qualifications often fail to find jobs in business.B)Graduates from business schools are likely to drift from one job or firm to another.C)Skills in analysis and communication are essential to success in business careers.D)Competent communicators are promising employees for future business careers.4.How can English majors be particularly well prepared for future jobs in business administration?A)By doing various kinds of professional jobs.B)By taking part in special employment training.C)By putting an emphasis on business.D)By learning basic skills in natural science.5.What does the author think of the study of English?A)The study of English is excellent preparation for professional life.B)The study of English should be business-oriented.C)The study of English is restricting or impractical.D)The study of English is highly rewarding and demanding Answer: 1.A, 2.B, 3.C, 4.C, 5.A/doc/ddce81b7f121dd36a32d82f7. htmlplete the summary of the text.The first letter of the missing word has been given to you.It is reported in this article that English majors receive excellent1)p for future careers in law,medicine, business,and government service.First,many law schools and medical schools2)i that the best preparation for them is that preparation which makes a student3)c of critical thinking;of clear,logicalself-expression;of sensitive4)a of the motives,the actions,and the thoughts of other human beings.These are the skills that the study of English is designed to teach. Second,the English major with an emphasis in business is 5)p well prepared for a future in business administration. Third,English majors are also at work in the thousand6) o provided by government at all levels.In short,a major in English is7)n restricting nor impractical:the study of English is excellent preparation for8)p life. Anwser: 1.preparation 2.indicate 3.capable 4.analysis5.particularly6.occupations7.neither8.professional5.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.familiarity qualification reward sufficiently evaluate fundamental classification steer consequently sensitive 1.It is well-known that photographic paper is highly___ to light.2.The first part of Law School Admission Test evaluates skills in reading comprehension,in figure___and in theevaluation of written material.3.Because they are not___literate and job-prepared,some young people can’t hold a job for long.4.The boss managed to___the discussion away from the subject of money and into the topic of environmental protection.5.Sam’s___with pop music is so astonishing that he can sing a large number of pop songs.6.His car broke down on the way and___he was late for the meeting with his clients.7.One___of doing this social work is that I can learn to be independent,tolerant and get to meet people from different parts of the country.8.Mary has got all the right___for the job but is temperamentally unsuitable for it.9.As college students,we should have a command of the ____of not only social sciences but also natural sciences.10.The personnel manager said that he couldn’t___Mike’s ability without actually seeing him at work.Answer: 1.sensitive, 2.classification, 3.sufficiently, 4.steer, 5.familiarity,6.consequently,7.reward,8.qualifications,9.fundamentals,10.evaluate plete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage.1.Our trip was a disaster.___the hotel,it was very dirty, wet,and cold.In addition,it was miles away from the city center.2.All of the participants are trained to___their minds ___details.3.Students of psychology will___greatly___the study of literature as it provides insights into human behavior.4.When I was a college student,I never___write to my parents every week.5.The judge asked the witness to supply the facts directly __the case.Answer:1.As for2.focus...on3.benefit...from4.failed to 5.relevant to7.Each of the verbs and nouns in the following lists occurs in this passage.Choose the noun that you think collocates with each verb and write it in the blank.If you think more than one noun is possible,write them down.Answer: 1.the standard of English/broad prospects2.proficiency3.food and drink4.the rules of grammar5.habits of hearing and speaking6.the instructions/the rules of grammar7.personal danger8.documents9.prejudices10.broad prospects8.T ranslate the following sentences into English.1.我爷爷虽然70岁了，但他的爱好广泛，从下国际象棋到爬山，多种多样。
新编英语教程4 unit 4
•
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c. tips for reading
• (1) Before starting to read: • read the contents page of the book • have a quick look at the chapter
headings • have a glance at the Index which is
• - write between the lines: not a set phrase, a
piece of good advice on how to “read”
efficiently, read is replaced with write to stress
the importance of writing notes and comments
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• These serve to strengthen the main ideas.
• 1. Marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but of love.
• 2. Marking up a book in proof of the reader’s respect for the writer rather than for the binding and typography.
and metaphor; • Composition writing— argumentation; • Letter writing—regretting having missed
seeing a friend
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Text I l Pre-reading activities
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册Unit4
Pre-reading activities
Compound dictation
Listen to a short passage concerning American dating and fill in the missing information.
Sometimes two couples go out together. This is known as “ d__o_u_b_le_ dating”. Group dating is also _p_o_p_u_l_a_r_ among young people. Large groups of boys and girls may _g_o_a_r_o_u_n_d_ together. Young people may go out together for a long time, which is, _in__e_f_fe_c_t_, a public statement of their _in_t_e_n_t_io_n_ to marry. Men and women go out together _a__g_r_e_a_t _d_e_a_l especially those in cities.
• The sexual revolution was often seen to have been centered on the university campus, among students.
Cultural background
American society in 1960s
3. What was the real situation on American college campus at that time?
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程第四册unit4课后练习答案
Unit 4Text AText rganization 1.2.VocabularyI.1) advantageous 2) let alone3) witnessing/vanishing 4) landmark5) entitled 6) displace7) Establishment 8) patriotic/strengthen9) contradictions 10) aspires11) divorced 12) pendulums2. 1) come to 2) dozed off3) believed in 4) was set apart5) take in 6) sucks in7) clean up 8) turn away3. 1) For me, it makes no/little difference whether we go there by trainor by bus.2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest carmaker.3)Shortly after their marriage, Mr. Chambers was at odds with his wifeover money matters.4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research.5)She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes, let alone cook a meal.5.a) is increasingly/to accelerate/their investmentb) economy/make an earnest/domestic/strike a balance betweenc) a handful of/be endorsed by/on a large scaleIII. Usage1. An unusual present, a book on ethics, was given to Henry for his birthday.2. The reason(he gave) that he didn ’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory.3. Football, his only interest in life, has brought him many friends.4. Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago, then dismissed, something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon.Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A)1. academics variety of 5. vanish 7. endorsing 9. sweeping aside 11. erasing (B) 1. aided4. connected5. invested6. features2. networking 4. growth 6. facilitate 8. outlook 10. patriotic7. prevailing8. qualitatively 9. volume10. Distinguishing2) I like hiring young people. They are earnest learners and committed to work.lives on their children, Mary cares more aboutGlobalization has great implications for young Chinese. For example, young farmers arestudy abroad or work in foreign-investednumber of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years, for they hold an optimisticThey follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions. Some of them don’t seem to care forforward, which has given rise to worries that thePart III Text BComprehension Check1. c2. a3. b4. b5. c6. dTranslation1.如果9/11 有什么引人注目的地方，那就是恐怖主义者们来自世界上全球化程度最低、最不开放、融合程度最低的地方：沙特阿拉伯、也门、阿富汗和巴基斯坦西北部。
新视野大学英语第一册第四单元
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NHCE-BI-Unit 4
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E. Why do the American couples feel uneasy when their Chinese neighbor fondles or teases their baby whenever they meet?
F. When a North American and a Mexican are talking, why do they end up their short conversation at the other end of the room?
interest of others
NHCE-BI-Unit 4
IV: Section A--Text
2. Questions to Comprehension
1) What does “be yourself” mean?
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NHCE-BI-Unit 4
III: Leading-in
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NHCE-BI-Unit 4
III: Leading-in
How did you get your judgments on the woman?
unspoken / non-verbal communication (consciously or unconsciously):
C. How does the American feel when the Chinese students always keep silence in class even when he asks them to raise questions?
D. Why don’t Americans like the speakers who bury their noses in his manuscript?
新核心综合学术英语教程第二册 Unit 4
The Manhattan Project • The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during World War II. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The Army component of the project was designated the Manhattan District; "Manhattan" gradually superseded the official codename, Development of Substitute Materials, for the entire project. Along the way, the project absorbed its earlier British counterpart, Tube Alloys. The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939, but grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost nearly US$2 billion. Over 90% of the cost was for building factories and producing the fissile materials, with less than 10% for development and production of the weapons. Research and production took place at more than 30 sites across the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada.
unit4 book1 word study
Word Study1. burst v. / n.1) A stranger burst into the room last night.2) Hearing the news, she burst into tears / burst out crying.laughter/ burst out laughing.3) There was a burst of laughter in the room.情景训练：这家人正在吃晚饭，这时一个邻居突然闯进来，告诉他们一个不幸的消息。
一听到儿子死去的消息，妈妈突然放声大哭起来。
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. injure v 受伤；伤害词群拓展：injured adj. 受伤的the injured 伤员injury n. 伤害；损伤同义辨析：情境辨识：1). My grandpa is a combat(战斗)hero. In the Anti-Japanese war, although he got________ three times, he was never afraid and still fought bravely.2).She ________ his legs last week. You shouldn’t have laughed at her. You know,your words _________ her feelings.3).Jamie, stop playing computer games. After all, it will do _______ to both youreyes and study.4).More than 200,000 people were ________ in that earthquake.3. ruin n.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产We saw the ruins of the church.Heavy smoking ruined his health.【归纳拓展】be in ruins成为废墟come into ruins 毁灭，成为废墟be the ruin of 成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因ruin oneself 自取灭亡ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉情境辨识：1）大火烧毁了这栋大楼，造成了很大的损失。
大学体验英语基础目标上册Unit 4
▏Read About It
UNIT 4
Through reading this work I learned that the only way I can accomplish my goals and prevail in this world is to be confident in myself. Emerson said, "to believe your own thought, to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men - that is genius." I realize that in the future I will interact with many different people who will disagree with my views. Therefore, I have to be confident in myself in order to accept criticism and remain focused on my goals. With self assurance I will be able to view the world realistically and overcome any disappointments.
life if you live on your own?
UNIT 4
Listen and Talk
▍Communicative Task
Listen and read the dialogue sample carefully, and then complete the communicative task that follows.
新视野大学英语第三版第四册第四单元sectionA
To build a green city, other measures may include water quality control, efficient recycling and waste management, use of renewable energy sources, increase of city residents’ awareness of environmental protection, and easy access to products and services that make green lifestyle choices easy.
精品课件
Pre-reading Activities
Listen and Talk
1. What is your understanding of a “green city”?
As I understand, a “green city” is a city or town that focuses on environmentally friendly practices. It aims to improve the livability of urban surroundings and benefit the wellbeing of citizens living there.
Pre-reading Activities
Listen and Talk
Listen to the passage again. Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.
1. What is your understanding of a “green city”?
Unit 4 Meeting Statesmen
Li And Me
Marcia McNutt
Text Study
Text
TUenxtderstanding the Text Text Analysis Questions for Discussion
1 During a week-long trip to China in January this year, I was invited to meet with Premier Li Keqiang in Beijing to discuss science. At first, I was in disbelief. After all, China is a nation of 1.3 billion people. Li, as Premier and Party Secretary of the State Council, has many pressing issues of national and international concern to attend to. In all my years as a scientist, including heading a billion-dollar U.S. research agency, this was the most significant invitation I had ever received to meet with a sitting national leader to hear his vision for science and discuss important global science matters. The fact that the Chinese Premier wanted to meet with me sent strong signals as to how China is seeing science as critical to its future well-being.
新核心综合学术英语教程Unit 4
Language Points
■ Sentences：
• 2. This research aimed to compare the requests for euthanasia posed over the 5 years before implementation with requests over the 5 year implementation, using data from the Dutch Sentinel Practice Network. (Line 8-10) • Translation: 该研究的目的是，通过对来自荷兰哨兵实践网 络数据的分析，来比较法案实施前五年及后五年里人们请求 安乐死的情况。 • Paraphrase: The objective of this research is to compare the requests for euthanasia presented over 5 years before and after the implementation of the Euthanasia Act, with the help of data from the Dutch Sentinel Practice Network.
languagepointswordsphysicianassistedsuicide安乐死meanincidence平均概率alsamyotrophice?ma??tr?f?klateralsclerosisskl?ro?s?s肌萎缩性侧索硬化症copdchronicobstructivepulmonaryp?lm?neridisease慢性阻塞性肺疾患msmultiplesclerosis多发性硬化症musculardystrophyd?str?fi肌肉萎缩症k?rdio?vskj?l?rdisease心血管疾病nju?r??d?d?en?r?t?vdisease神经变性疾病心血管疾病languagepointswordspredominant显著的dyspnoead?spni??呼吸困难症stabilize使稳定使固定plateau稳定状态平稳palliativecare姑息治疗临终关怀sedations?de??n镇静疗法gpgeneralpractitioner全科医师非专科医师magnitude大小等级
大学英语听说教程4_Unit 4 原文+答案(智慧版)
A recent US study found that being close to nature might soothe the mind by reducing negative thoughts in the mind.
“Here's your prescription, walk in the forest five times a week for an hour.”
According to experts, it is expected that doctors will be giving
Scripts health advice like this in the not too distant future.
“‘Here's your prescription, walk in the forest five times a week for an hour.’ According to experts, it is expected that doctors will be giving health advice like this in the not too distant future.”
NEWS REPORT 1
Answers：
What health advice may doctors give in the future? 1 A. Walk in a forest.
新视野大学英语读写译4U校园第一单元课后测试答案
选词填空（15选10）10题，总分值：20分Directions：Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the word bank. Each word can be used only once.There has been growing pressure, in the US and elsewhere, to demonstrate thevalue of university education and research in terms of itsdirect, 1) tangible economic benefits.It is certainly important that university research 2) contribute to economicwell-being – as it surely does. And it is certainly important that a university educationhelps students to 3) pursue useful and satisfying work – as it does. At the sametime, however, there is much more to excellent education than canbe 4) measured in dollars. The best education not only helps us to be moreproductive in our professions, but also enables us to 5) formulate primary coreobjectives in life, makes us more inquiring and insightful, and helps us become morereflective and 6) fulfills human beings. It helps scientists to appreciate the arts, andartists to appreciate the sciences. It helps us to see 7) connections acrossdifferent fields of learning that we otherwise might not grasp. It helps usto 8) discern right from wrong and lead more interesting and valuable lives, asindividuals, and as members of our communities.There is a strong belief that a university education should 9) stimulate our curiosityand open our minds to new ideas and experiences. It should encourage us to test ourvarious pre-existing 10) hypotheses , and think about our values and beliefs. Thatis one reason we study – the philosophy, customs and ways of life of other countriesand cultures. In doing so, we learn more not only about other people but also aboutourselves.• A. periodic• B. stimulate• C. pursue• D. formulate• E. tangible• F. appeal•G. testimonies•H. contribute•I. fulfills•J. discern•K. mingled•L. transcend•M. measured•N. connections•O. hypotheses参考答案：1) tangible 2) contribute 3) pursue 4) measured 5) formulate 6) fulfills 7) connections 8) discern 9) stimulate 10) hypotheses∧收起解析长篇阅读10题，总分值：40分Directions：You are going to read a passage with 10 statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.For Second Careers, A Leap of FaithA) After decades of pursuing money, titles and ever more stuff, baby boomers arecoming to a big realization: Success and security just aren’t enough anymore. Theywant something more fulfilling out of life, something that feeds their spiritual side andconnects them to a bigger purpose. For many, the answer is embracing faith – anddevoting their lives to serving others.B) Flocks of people in their 50s and 60s are putting aside thoughts of a comfortableretirement and heading to theological school, where they’ve become thefastest-growing age group in recent years. They’re putting in years of study and fieldwork to become chaplains (牧师), spiritual counselors, missionaries, and educatorsand social workers for nonprofits with religious ties. And they’re taking that trainingeverywhere from disaster zones to poor villages to hospital bedsides. Boomers areturning to careers in which meaning and purpose are front and center.C) Why the change? For many older adults, mortgages are paid (or nearly so),children are on their own and first careers are winding down; as such, there’s timeand freedom to “do good”. Equally important, thoughts about one’s mortality begin tosurface, along with some tough questions: Have I lived my life well? Have I made adifference?D) Not that a leap into faith is always paradise. Some people spend up to six years in training, sometimes at great expense and a distance from friends and family. Their sense of mission is “constantly tested, poked and prodded (刺激，激励)”, says Jonathan Englert, author of The Collar, a book that chronicles (记录) a year in the life of a Catholic seminary for second-career priests-in-training.E) After graduation, most face stiff competition for jobs that typically demand long hours, sophisticated political skills and the ability to comfort people in their darkest moments. Still, if the greatest use of a life, as the philosopher William James said, is to spend it for something that will outlast it, few paths seem to offer more rewards than joining the clergy and related fields. Here are three individuals who have taken that path.It All Began With KatrinaF) When Mike Watson, a New York lawyer, traveled to New Orleans in 2007 to help victims of Hurricane Katrina, his goal was simple: To teach his son, Tristan, then 11 years old, “that there are people in the world who aren't as well off as we are”. But after a weeklong stay in the city's hard-hit Ninth Ward, it was the father who absorbed a life-changing lesson. “I realized how enriching it was to be involved in helping other people,” says Mr. Watson, now 61. By the time he and Tristan returned to Katonah, N.Y., he says, “I had decided that’s what I needed to be doing with the rest of my life.”G) Today, Mr. Watson is enrolled at General Theological Seminary (神学院) in New York City, which was established by t he Episcopal Church. After he earns a master’s degree in divinity next year, he plans to start a nonprofit to help churches create community-outreach programs similar to the one that took him to New Orleans in 2007. Mr. Watson, who is supporting his family and paying for seminary with savings, also spearheads (领导，带头) community-service work for Grace Church in Manhattan, under whose sponsorship he made his trip to New Orleans. With Hurricane Katrina relief work now over, he recruits carpenters, plumbers and parishioners (教区居民) to rebuild flood-damaged homes in a coal-mining region of Appalachia.H) Doubts about his chosen path remain. His peers are established veterans in their jobs, while he is very much the new hand. What’s more, starting over means a lot of uncertainty. Among his concerns: “I have no idea where I will be living two years from now.” Still, Mr. Watson says he has no regrets. “Spiritually, it is very enriching for people like me, who go through our day and think life can be difficult, to make connections with people who really need to see the love of God.”After Wall Street, a Search for ConnectionsI) David Daniel Klipper worked for almost 25 years on Wall Street. But in the wake of 9/11, he began to feel a spiritual hunger that took him in an unexpected direction – to life as a chaplain and rabbinic (犹太教的) pastor. “I love the life I get to lead,” says Mr. Klipper, 60, who supervises a training program for chaplains at Stamford Hospital in Connecticut and works with patients himself. “If you tell someone at a party you are a chaplain, they tell you that you are wonderful and run away. Chaplains are not good at small talk. We are good at intimacy. I crave that intimacy and that feeling of connection. That’s what makes life worthwhile for me.” And thus he teaches students to “stay present, even when there is great pain”, in order to focus on the spiritual needs of their patients.J) He remembers fondly a patient he calls Susan. Diagnosed with brain cancer at a relatively young age, she saw Mr. Klipper when she came to the hospital for chemotherapy (化学疗法) and other treatments, including a particularly painful procedure in which doctors administered radiation after fixing her head in a vise (台钳). The two had frequent conversations and found themselves trying to answer unsettling questions, including: What purpose is this illness serving? “Every once in a while,” Mr. Klipper says, he and Susan would “experience a moment of viewing the world from a slightly different place, where we could see not only the good things that we liked but the things we wished hadn’t happened. And we could hold on to them all –like threads that form a tapestry (挂毯，织锦). It was a kind of acceptance. A moment of grace."”K) These chaplaincy-training programs are “where academic theologies come to die”, he says. “It is one thing to read about theology in seminary. It is an entirely different thing to sit with a 45-year-old mother who is dying and asking how God could be doing this to her.” It’s a job, he adds, that carries “an awesome responsibility”.Riches of a Different KindL) Kathy Dain had it all: a six-figure salary, a Mercedes – even her own Piper Archer airplane. Today, she enjoys “a different kind of wealth” as the temporary, associate pastor at First Presbyterian Church with an active community-outreach program in Sarasota, Fla.M) Although active in a Presbyterian church as a teenager, the Rev. Dain, 56, who is single, says that for most of her adult life, she attended church just twice a year. “Being part of a church wasn’t something I felt drawn to.” she says. But one day in 2004, while showing houses – she was then a real-estate broker – to a couple, the conversation took an unexpected turn. “As we were driving around, they asked meabout my faith,” Ms.Dain recalls. “It was right around the time of the tsunami in Indonesia, when thousands of people were just wiped away. It started me thinking about how I missed the faith I had grown up with.”N) Since graduating from Pittsburgh Theological Seminary in 2011, Ms. Dain has worked for two churches. The first was in Ludington, Mich. “I had this dear, aging congregation (集会). My desire to be out on missions just wasn’t going to happen.”O) She recently finished a training program that will allow her to serve as a chaplain for disaster-relief organizations. As a trainee, she logged 300 hours this spring in the intensive-care unit at Morton Plant Hospital in Clearwater, Fla., where she has offered comfort to the sick and dying. “As a chaplain, I try to find a way to connect with them. I don’t have an agenda,” she says. “Nor am I a prayer pusher. I am simply there for the person. Just as a doctor takes care of the body, it is my job to provide spiritual care.”11)Mr. Watson is going to be granted a master’s de gree in divinity next year. G12)Ms. Dain went to church twice a year during much of her adulthood. M13)Despite uncertainty and doubts about his present work, Mr. Watson thinks it enriching for him to help people in need. H14)Joining the clergy is most rewarding in making full use of a life. E15)Some boomers spend a great deal of time and money in training for a leap into faith. D16)Ms. Dain took care of the sick and dying at Morton Plant Hospital. O17)In addition to success and security, many baby boomers want to own their faith. A18)According to Mr. Klipper, chaplaincy-training programs are totally different from academic theologies. K19)By offering help in hurricane-stricken New Orleans, Mr. Watson originally aimed to teach his son what a tough life some people are living. F20)After the 9 / 11 disaster, Mr. Klipper began to work as a chaplain. I参考答案：11) G 12) M 13) H 14) E 15) D 16) O 17) A 18) K 19) F20) I∧收起解析阅读理解10题，总分值：40分Directions：Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to each question.One of the key ways to improve the management function in an organization is toimprove the decision-making process. IT is commonly used to support andstreamline (提高……的效率) decision making in an organization. It can be used toaddress decisions about how to structure job tasks, organize production operations,manage inventory flow, and so on.Decisions that are simple and / or highly structured are good candidates forautomation. A structured decision is one in which the inputs, decision criteria, methodto process those inputs, and specific outputs are well-defined. For example, it is arelatively straightforward task to develop a computer program that will generate latepayment notices for those customers who have not paid their monthly telephone billon time. The program requires certain input data about billing information, decisionrules about what constitutes a missed payment, and output instructions to generate aform letter or billing notice to be sent to the customer.The automation of structured decisions is also used to improve communication anddecision making between organizations. Not long ago, it was necessary for retailersto call credit card companies every time a customer wished to charge a purchaseusing a credit card. A representative working for the credit card company wouldexamine the customer’s record to determine whether or not to approve eachpurchase. Today, this process has been automated so that information and decisionsrelated to purchases using a credit card are transmitted electronically.Now consider the many benefits of automating this simple process. First, automatingthis process has reduced the cost of operations for credit card companies. Cardissuers have streamlined and downsized (缩小规模；减员) their staff since fewercustomer representatives are needed to handle purchase approvals / disapprovals.Second, the automated process has sped up the approval process so that retailerscan deliver prompt and reliable service to their customers (improving customersatisfaction) and process more financial transactions within a given time period.Thirdly, the communication between retailers and card issuers has been improved.More purchases can be approved with greater accuracy using the IT-enabled system.21)What is the passage mainly about?22)Why is it easier to develop a program for generating late payment notices for customers who failed to pay their bills on time?23)What did retailers have to do in the past to charge a purchase with a credit card?24)What can we learn about today’s credit card companies?25)From the passage, we can conclude that automation can most greatly change _______.参考答案：21) C 22) A 23) C 24) B 25) A∧收起解析Popular stereotype would have us believe that young women are often concerned about every up and down in their relationships –but one study says “romance drama”actually has a bigger effect on men.Any reader of Cosmo could be forgiven for thinking that women spend all their time analyzing their boyfriends’ body language, text messages, and even sleep style for evidence of a likely breakup or marriage proposal. But according to Science Daily,researchers from Wake Forest University and Florida State University surveyed a thousand men and women between the ages of 18 and 23, and found that men were actually more likely to suffer emotionally from relationship difficulties. Study co-author Robin Simon explains that “for young men, their romantic partners are often their primary source of intimacy – in contrast to young women who are more likely to have close relationships with famil y and friends.”Young men themselves – as well as pop culture in general – often proclaim the idea that women spend all their time talking about their boyfriends, while men never mention their girlfriends to their fellow beings. This may be partially true –but it’s not because men don’t care about their girlfriends or because other topics are simply more important to men than relationships. In fact, it might be better for men to discuss their relationships more openly, getting reassurance about small problems and advice for solving larger ones.But young men shouldn’t necessarily act like young women in every way. Simon also says that “while young men are more affected emotionally by the quality of their current relationships, young women are more emotionally affected by whether they are in a relationship or not. So, young women are more likely to experience depression when the relationship ends, or benefit more by simply being in a relationship.” Being single is still a greater stigma (耻辱) for women than for men, but bad relationships aren’t good for either gender. And, as has been learned by many, sometimes you’re better off alone.26)What is the finding of the study done by researchers in the US universities?A. Women usually have closer relationships with family and friends.B. Men findtheir source of intimacy mainly from their romantic partners.C. Women are more concerned about the ups and downs of a relationship.D. Men are often more strongly affected by relationship difficulties.27)Why don’t men talk about their girlfriends?28)In Simon’s opinion, _____________.A. men often feel more depressed when a relationship endsB. men often caremore about the quality of a relationshipC. women don’t benefit as much as men do from a relationship D. women often spend much time talking about their relationships29)What is the advice given by the writer?A. Women shouldn’t feel embarrassed if not in a relationship.B. Both gendersshould try to benefit from their relationships.C. It’s sometimes better to be alone than being in a relationship.D. Bad relationships should be put to an end as soon as possible.30)What tends to be the writer’s attitude toward the finding?参考答案：26) D 27) C 28) B 29) C 30) B。
新世纪大学英语综合教程4 第一单元ppt
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程4
Get Started
Discussion Quotes Watching and Discussion
Unit 1
Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better. — Albert Einstein Interpretation: As a scientist, Einstein believes that a close study of nature will help us better understand things
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程4
Listen and Respond
Word Bank Task One Task Two
Unit 1
Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.
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新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程4
Listen and Respond
Word Bank Task One Task Two
Unit 1
endanger vt. cause danger to 使遭危害，危及 excessive a. too much; too great; going beyond what is reasonable or right 过多的，过分的，过度的 starvation n. [U] suffering or death from lack of food 挨饿，饥饿；饿 死
实用英语电子教案1(第四版)Unit 4 PE1_U04_Text A
While-Reading Task
8 Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to relationships with family members and friends. For a husband and wife or a parent and child, problems often arise during their first four minutes together after they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these first few minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later. 9 The author declares that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics. In his opinion, success in life depends mainly on how we get along with other people. That is at least as important as how much we know.
Text-Related Information
One aspect of this thoughtfulness is to dress and conduct oneself in as pleasing a manner as possible. The sight of tastefully dressed people with gracious manners adds a considerable amount of pleasure to everyday life. Whereas the absence of it is felt as a distinct lack and a source of discomfort and annoyance.
新探索研究生英语(提高级)unit4
新探索研究生英语(提高级)unit4Title: New Explorations in Research on Graduate English (Advanced Level) Unit 4In Unit 4 of the New Explorations in Research on Graduate English (Advanced Level), students delve deep into the topic of academic writing. This unit focuses on honing the skills necessary for producing high-quality research papers, essays, and other academic texts. It also covers important concepts such as thesis statements, organization, coherence, and citation.One of the key objectives of Unit 4 is to help students understand the structure of academic writing. This includes learning how to create a strong thesis statement that clearly outlines the main argument of the paper. Students also explore different organizational techniques that can help them present their ideas in a logical and coherent manner.Another important aspect of Unit 4 is citation and referencing. Students are taught the importance of giving credit to other scholars and researchers by properly citing their work. They learn how to use different citation styles, such as APA, MLA, and Chicago, and practice incorporating sources into their own writing effectively.Moreover, Unit 4 encourages students to engage critically with the literature on their chosen topic. They learn how to evaluate sources for credibility, relevance, and bias, and how to synthesize information from multiple sources to develop their own arguments.Overall, Unit 4 of the New Explorations in Research on Graduate English (Advanced Level) provides students with the tools and strategies needed to excel in academic writing. By mastering the skills covered in this unit, students will bewell-equipped to produce high-quality research papers and essays that contribute meaningfully to their field of study.。
英语高级视听说unit-4
Unit 4 Brain ManAlmost 25 years ago, 60 Minutes introduced viewers to George Finn, whose talent was immortalized in the movie "Rain Man." George has a condition known as savant syndrome, a mysterious disorder of the brain where someone has a spectacular skill, even genius, in a mind that is otherwise extremely limited.Morley Safer met another savant, Daniel Tammet, who is called "Brain Man" in Britain. But unlike most savants, he has no obvious mental disability, and most important to scientists, he can describe his own thought process. He may very well be a scientific Rosetta stone, a key to understanding the brain.________________________________________Back in 1983, George Finn, blessed or obsessed with calendar calculation, could give you the day if you gave him the date."What day of the week was August 13th, 1911?" Safer quizzed Finn."A Sunday," Finn replied."What day of the week was May 20th, 1921?" Safer asked."Friday," Finn answered.George Finn is a savant. In more politically incorrect times he would have been called an "idiot savant" - a mentally handicapped or autistic person whose brain somehow possesses an island of brilliance.Asked if he knew how he does it, Finn told Safer, "I don't know, but it's just that, that's fantastic I can do that."If this all seems familiar, there?s a reason: five years after the 60 Minutes broadcast, Dustin Hoffman immortalized savants like George in the movie "Rain Man."Which brings us to that other savant we mentioned: Daniel Tammet. He is an Englishman, who is a 27-year-old math and memory wizard."I was born November 8th, 1931," Safer remarks."Uh-huh. That's a prime number. 1931. And you were born on a Sunday. And this year, your birthday will be on a Wednesday. And you'll be 75," Tammet tells Safer.It is estimated there are only 50 true savants living in the world today, and yet none are like Daniel. He is articulate, self-sufficient, blessed with all of the spectacular ability of a savant, but with very littleof the disability. Take his math skill, for example.Asked to multiply 31 by 31 by 31 by 31, Tammet quickly - and accurately - responded with "923,521."And it?s not just calculating. His gift of memory is stunning. Briefly show him a long numerical sequence and he?ll recite it right back to you. And he can do it backwards, to boot.That feat is just a warm-up for Daniel Tammet. He first made headlines at Oxford, when he publicly recited the endless sequence of numbers embodied by the Greek letter "Pi." Pi, the numbers we use to calculate the dimensions of a circle, are usually rounded off to 3.14. But its numbers actually go on to infinity.Daniel studied the sequence - a thousand numbers to a page."And I would sit and I would gorge on them. And I would just absorb hundreds and hundreds at a time," he tells Safer.It took him several weeks to prepare and then Daniel headed to Oxford, where with number crunchers checking every digit, he opened the floodgates of his extraordinary memory.Tammet says he was able to recite, in a proper order, 22,514 numbers. It took him over five hours and he did it without a single mistake.Scientists say a memory feat like this is truly extraordinary. Dr. V.S. Ramachandran and his team at the California Center for Brain Study tested Daniel extensively after his Pi achievement.What did he make of him?"I was surprised at how articulate and intelligent he was, and was able to interact socially and introspect on his own-abilities," says Dr. Ramachandran.And while that introspection is extremely rare among savants, Daniel?s ability to describe how his mind works could be invaluable to scientists studying the brain, our least understood organ."Even how you and I do 17 minus nine is a big mystery. You know, how are these little wisps of jelly in your brain doing that computation? We don't know that," Dr. Ramachandran explains.It may seem to defy logic, but Ramachandran believes that asavant?s genius could actually result from brain injury. "One possibility is that many other parts of the brain are functioning abnormally or sub-normally. And this allows the patient to allocate all his attentional resources to the one remaining part," he explains. "And there's a lot of clinical evidence for this. Some patients have a stroke and suddenly, their artistic skills improve."That theory fits well with Daniel. At the age of four, he suffered a massive epileptic seizure. He believes that seizure contributed to his condition. Numbers were no longer simply numbers and he had developed a rare crossing of the senses known as synesthesia."I see numbers in my head as colors and shapes and textures. So when I see a long sequence, the sequence forms landscapes in my mind," Tammet explains. "Every number up to 10,000, I can visualize in this way, has it's own color, has it's own shape, has it's own texture."For example, when Daniel says he sees Pi, he does those instant computations, he is not calculating, but says the answer simply appears to him as a landscape of colorful shapes."The shapes aren't static. They're full of color. They're full of texture. In a sense, they're full of life," he says.Asked if they?re beautiful, Tammet says, "Not all of them. Some of them are ugly. 289 is an ugly number. I don't like it very much. Whereas 333, for example, is beautiful to me. It's round. It's?.""Chubby," Safer remarks.'It's-yes. It's chubby,' Tammet agrees.Yet even with the development of these extraordinary abilities as a child, nobody sensed that Daniel was a prodigy, including his mother, Jennifer. But he was different."He was constantly counting things," Jennifer remembers. "I think, what first attracted him to books, was the actual numbers on each page. And he just loved counting."Asked if she thinks there?s a connection between his epilepsy and his rare talent, she tells Safer, "He was always different from-when he was really a few weeks old, I noticed he was different. So I'm not sure that it's entirely that, but I think it might have escalated it."Daniel was also diagnosed with Asperger?s Syndrome-a mild form of autism. It made for a painful childhood."I would flap my hands sometimes when I was excited, or pull at my fingers, and pull at my lips," Tammet remembers. "And of course, the children saw these things and would repeat them back to me, and tease me about them. And I would put my fingers in my ears and count very quickly in powers of two. Two, four, eight, 16, 32, 64.""Numbers were my friends. And they never changed. So, they were reliable. I could trust them," he says.And yet, Daniel did not retreat fully into that mysterious prison of autism, as many savants do. He believes his large family may have actually forced him to adapt."Because my parents, having nine children, had so much to do, so much to cope with, I realized I had to do for myself," he says.He now runs his own online educational business. He and his partner Neil try to keep a low profile, despite his growing fame.Yet the limits of his autism are always there. "I find it difficult to walk in the street sometimes if there are lots of people around me. If there's lots of noise, I put my fingers in my ears to block it out,' he says.That anxiety keeps him close to home. He can?t drive, rarely goes shopping, and finds the beach a difficult place because of his compulsion to count the grains of sand. And it manifests itself in other ways, like making a very precise measurement of his cereal each morning: it must be exactly 45 grams of porridge, no more, no less.Daniel was recently profiled in a British documentary called ?Brainman.? The producers posed a challenge that he could not pass up: Learn a foreign language in a week - and not just any foreign language, but Icelandic, considered to be one of the most difficult languages to learn.In Iceland, he studied and practiced with a tutor. When the moment of truth came and he appeared on TV live with a host, the host said, "I was amazed. He was responding to our questions. He did understand them very well and I thought that his grammar was very good. We are very proud of our language and that someone is able to speak it after only one week, that?s just great.""Do you think that Daniel, in a certain way, represents a real pathway to further understanding the brain?" Safer asks Dr. Ramachandran."I think one could say that time and again in science, something that looks like a curiosity initially often leads to a completely new direction of research," Ramachandran replies. "Sometimes, they provide the golden key. Doesn't always happen. Sometimes it's just mumbo-jumbo. But that may well be true with savants."Daniel continues to volunteer for scientists who want to understand his amazing brain. But he is reluctant to become what he calls ?a performing seal? and has refused most offers to cash in on his remarkable skills."People all the time asking me to choose numbers for the lottery. Or to invent a time machine. Or to come up with some great discovery," he explains. "But my abilities are not those that mean that I can do at everything."But he has written a book about his experiences, entitled "Born on a Blue Day."He also does motivational speeches for parents of autistic children-yet one more gift of his remarkable brain.But at the end of the day-genius or not-that brain does work a littledifferently."One hour after we leave today, and I will not remember what you look like. And I will find it difficult to recognize you, if I see you again. I will remember your handkerchief. And I will remember you have four buttons on your sleeve. And I'll remember the type of tie you're wearing. It's the details that I remember," Tammet tells Safer.And it?s the details that make us all so different. One man may see numbers as a tedious necessity of modern life, another sees them as the essence of life."Pi is one of the most beautiful things in all the world and if I can share that joy in numbers, if I can share that in some small measure with the world through my writing and through my speaking, then I feel that I will have done something useful," he says.。
Unit 4课文原文 What Genius and Autism Have in Common
Unit 4 Medical ResearchPassage A What Genius and Autism Have in Common Child prodigies evoke awe, wonder and sometimes jealousy: how can such young children display the kinds of musical or mathematical talents that most adults will never master, even with years of dedicated practice? Lucky for these despairing types, the prevailing wisdom suggests that such comparisons are unfair—prodigies are born, not made (mostly). Practice alone isn't going to turn out the next 6-year-old Mozart.So finds a recent study of eight young prodigies, which sought to shed some light on the roots of their talent. The prodigies included in the study are all famous, having achieved acclaim and professional status in their fields by the ripe age of 10. Most are musical prodigies; one is an artist and another a math whiz, who developed a new discipline in mathematics and, by age 13, had had a paper accepted for publication in a mathematics journal. Two of the youngsters showed extraordinary skill in two separate fields: one child in music and art (his work now hangs in prestigious galleries the world over), and the other in music and molecular gastronomy (the science behind food preparation—why mayonnaise becomes firm or why a soufflé swells, for example). He became interested in food at age 10 and, by 11, had carried out his first catering event.All of the prodigies had stories of remarkable early abilities: one infant began speaking at 3 months old and was reading by age 1; two others were reading at age 2. The gastronomist was programming computers at 3. Several children could reproduce complex pieces of music after hearing them just once, at the age most kids are finishing preschool. Many had toured internationally or played Lincoln Center or Carnegie Hall well before age 10.Six of the prodigies were still children at the time of the study, which is slated for publication in the journal Intelligence. The other two participants were grown, aged 19 and 32.The study found a few key characteristics these youngsters had in common. Forone, they all had exceptional working memories— the system that holds information active in the mind, keeping it available for further processing. The capacity of working memory is limited: for numbers, for example, most people can hold seven digits at a time on average; hence, the seven-digit phone number. But prodigies can hold much more, and not only can they remember extraordinarily large numbers, they can also manipulate them and carry out calculations that you or I might have trouble managing with pencil and paper.Working memory isn't just the ability to remember long strings of numbers. It is the ability to hold and process quantities of information, both verbal and non-verbal—such as, say, memorizing a musical score and rewriting it in your head. All the children in the study scored off the charts when tested on measures of working memory: they placed in at least the 99th percentile, with most in the 99.9th percentile.Surprisingly, however, the study found that not all of the prodigies had high IQs. Indeed, while they had higher-than-average intelligence, some didn't have IQs that were as elevated as their performance and early achievements would suggest. One child had an IQ of just 108, at the high end of normal.There was something else striking too. The authors found that prodigies scored high in autistic traits, most notably in their ferocious attention to detail. They scored even higher on this trait than did people diagnosed with Asperger's syndrome, a high-functioning form of autism that typically includes obsession with details.Three of the eight prodigies had a diagnosed autism spectrum disorder themselves. The child who had spoken his first words at 3 months, stopped speaking altogether at 18 months, then started again when he was just over two-and-a-half years old;he was diagnosed with autism at 3. What's more, four of the eight families included in the study reported autism diagnoses in first-or second-degree relatives, and three of these families reported a total of 11 close relatives with autism. In the general population, by contrast, about 1 in 88 people have either autism or Asperger's.Other unusual parallels between prodigies and those with autism: they're both more likely to be male (though that finding may be due in part to the failure to recognize either girls on the autism spectrum or, perhaps, girls' hidden talents) andboth are associated with difficult pregnancies, suggesting that uterine environment may play a role in their development. In the math whiz's case, for example, his mother "started labor nine times between the 29th and 37th weeks of her pregnancy and required medication to stop the labor. During the 35th week of her pregnancy, her water broke and she had a 105-degree fever from an infection in her uterus. The child prodigy did not have a soft spot at delivery, " the authors write.When Asperger's was first described in 1944 by Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger, he referred to children with the syndrome as "little professors" because of their prodigious vocabularies and precocious expertise, and because they tended to lecture others endlessly without being aware of their own tediousness. Poor social skills and obsessive interests characterize the condition.Yet, despite the obvious similarities, very little research has been done on the connection between autism and extreme talent. One previous study, published in 2007, did find that close relatives of prodigies—like close relatives of people with autism—tended to score higher on autistic traits, particularly in problems with social skills, difficulty switching attention and intense attention to detail. Other than that, however, the issue hasn't been studied systematically, beyond the observation that autism is often seen in savants, or people with exceptional abilities who have other simultaneous impairments.Prodigies, in contrast, appear to benefit from certain autistic tendencies while avoiding the shortfalls of others. On a standard assessment of traits associated with autism, the prodigies in the current study scored higher than a control group on all measures, including attention to detail and problems with social skills or communication (though this result was not statistically significant, probably because the sample was so small). But they also scored significantly lower than a separate comparison group of people who had Asperger's—except on the attention-to-detail measure, in which they outshone everyone."One possible explanation for the child prodigies' lack of deficits is that, while the child prodigies may have a form of autism, a biological modifier suppresses many of the typical signs of autism, but leaves attention to detail—a quality that actuallyenhances their prodigiousness—undiminished or even enhanced, " the authors write. In other words, these children may have some genetic trait or learned skill that allows them to maintain intense focus, without compromising their social skills or suffering from other disabilities that typically accompany autism spectrum disorders. Comparing these children with those who have full-blown autism or Asperger's could therefore potentially help pinpoint what goes wrong in those who develop disabling forms of autism and what goes right in others with similar traits who simply benefit from enhanced abilities.The current study doesn't tread that ground, but its findings do fit in with the intense world theory of autism, which posits how the disorder may arise. The theory holds that certain patterns of brain circuitry cause autistic symptoms, including excessive connectivity in local brain regions, which can heighten attention and perception, and diminished wiring between distant regions, which can lead to a sort of system overload. In both animal and human studies, this type of brain wiring has been associated with enhanced memory and also with amplified fear and sensory overstimulation. The former is usually a good thing; the latter may cause disability.The intense world theory propounds that all autism carries the potential for exceptional talent and social deficits. The social problems, the theory suggests, may ensue from the autistic person's dysfunctional attempts—social withdrawal and repetitive behaviors, for instance—to deal with his heightened senses and memory.It's possible, then, that the wiring in prodigies' brains resembles that of an autistic person's, with tight local connections, except without the reduction in long-distance links. Or, their brains may function just like those with autism, but their high intelligence allows them to develop socially acceptable ways of coping with the sensory overload.Although some researchers—and much of the public, influenced by popular books like journalist Malcolm Gladwell's Outliers —argue that prodigious expertise can be acquired with sheer effort, 10,000 hours of practice to be exact, the current findings suggest that natural talents can blossom in far less time. "Many prodigies displayed their extreme talent before reaching 10 years of age, undercutting thenurture-based theories that credit contemporary training techniques and upwards of 10 years of deliberate practice as the root of all exceptional achievement, " the authors write.。
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Part One Language Study—Key Words
Synonyms: intimacy; friendliness; closeness Antonyms: unfriendliness; unfamiliarity Derivatives: familiar adj. (be familiar to 为…所熟悉; be familiar with 熟悉, 精通; make oneself familiar with 同...好[熟悉]起来; 同...亲近起来)；n. 密友; familiarly adv 亲密地，精通地；familiarize v.熟悉； familiarization n.亲密；精通
Part One Language Study—Key Words
6. identify I identified the jacket at once; it was my brother‟s. 我立即认出了那件外套,它是我兄弟的。 He identifies beauty with goodness. 他认为美与善是一致的。 That politician is too closely identified with the former government to become a minister in ours. 那位政客被认为与上届政府关系过于密切,不能成为本 届政府里的部长。
Part One Language Study—Key Words
As soon as he came in he proceeded to complain about all his troubles. 他一进来就开始抱怨起他所遇到的种种麻烦事。
proceed to the next business 着手另一工作
They shouted in gay abandon.他们放肆地 大声喊叫。
Part One Language Study—Key Words
Useful Expressions: 沉缅于, 陷入 → abandon oneself to Synonyms: desert; forsake; quit; give up; relinquish Antonym: keep; to maintain; to retain Derivatives: abandoned; abandonment; abandonee； abandoner
Part One Language Study—Key Words
Tea is full to the brim of the cup. 茶水漫到杯子边。 Synonyms: to fill; to fill up; to overflow with; burst with; run over; to well over Derivatives: brimful；brimless；brimmer；brimming； brimmy
Part One Language Study—Key Words
Associates: rule in word formation identify-identity beautify-beauty qualify-quality dignify-dignity
Part One Language Study—Key Words
The police have taken the suspect to the police station. 警察把这个嫌疑犯送到了。
Synonyms: to guess; to imagine; to think; to believe; to suppose; to distrust; to mistrust; to have doubts; to doubt; to disbelieve; to question Antonym: to trust
Part One Language Study—K were much alarmed by the fire in the forest. 森林失火使我们大为惊慌。 He was struck with alarm. 他饱受惊慌。 They heard the fire alarm. 他们听到了火警警报。
Part One Language Study—Key Words
11. stuffed
a stuffed bird 被制成标本的鸟 Derivatives：stuff v.填塞; stuffing n.填塞料; stuffy adj.被堵塞的
Part One Language Study—Key Words
Part One Language Study—Key Words
10. proceed proceeded to his destination 他继续向终点前进
Tell us your name and then proceed with your story. 先把你的名字告诉我们,然后说你的事情。
Part One Language Study—Key Words
I advise you not to proceed against him. 我劝你不要起诉 他。
Miserable sobs were heard to proceed from the next room. 从 隔壁房间里传出悲怆的呜咽声。 He sold his house and lives on the proceeds.他卖了房子靠 房款收入过日子。
Part One Language Study—Key Words
He sounded the alarm. 他鸣警报。
Synonyms: frighten; shock; startle Derivatives: alarmable; alarmedly; alarming; alarmism；alarmist
Part One Language Study—Key Words
4. familiarity They greeted each other with such familiarity that we thought they must be brother and sister. 他们如此亲密地打招呼，我们猜想一定是姊妹关系。 His familiarity with many rarely used languages surprised us all. 他通晓多种不常使用的外国语,这使我们大家感到惊 讶。
Useful Expressions: in private 秘密地; 私下地
Part One Language Study—Key Words
Synonym: personal
Antonyms: public; communal Derivatives: privacy n.独处, 秘密; privatism n.个人主义; privatize vt 使私人化
Synonyms: thick; dense Antonym：penetrable Derivatives：impenetrably adv.无法通过地, 顽固 地
Part One Language Study—Key Words
8. nickname Useful Expressions：first name名 surname姓，绰号 last name姓 family name姓 Christian name教名 maiden name娘家姓氏 pet name爱称，昵称
12. suspect
I suspect they are very disappointed. 我猜想他们很失望。 The police suspect her of murder. 警察怀疑她犯了谋杀罪。 I suspect his motives. 我怀疑他的动机。
Part One Language Study—Key Words
Part One Language Study—Key Words
fake name假名 pseudonym假名，笔名 pen name笔名 stage name艺名
anonymity匿名
Part One Language Study—Key Words
9. private private property 私人财产 private opinions个人观点 private studies 私人研究 n. soldier 士兵
Part One Language Study—Key Words
5. fascinate
The changing vivid colours of the sunset fascinated the eye. 日落时变化多端的色彩使人看得入迷。
He‟s fascinated with Buddhist ceremonies. 他迷上了佛教的仪式。
Part One Language Study—Key Words
Synonyms: advance; go ahead; go forward; progress Antonym: recede Derivatives: proceeding n.行动, 进行; [pl.] 会议录, 学报; process n.过程, 进行
Part One Language Study—Key Words
Synonyms: to make out; to recognize Derivatives: identifiability n.可辨认性 identifiable adj.可以确认的 identifiableness n.可证实为相同 identifiably adv.可辨认地 identification n.辨认，视为同一 identifier n.检验人, 标识符 identical adj.同一的, 同样的 identity, n 同一性, 身份