新托福阅读材料：手指感应
怎么做好新托福阅读题型--指代题
怎么做好新托福阅读题型--指代题指代题是托福阅读中的一种题型，下面我就来共享一下如何才能做好它。
新托福阅读题型--指代题Reference questions ( 0 to 2 questions per set )指代题指代题是比较“鸡肋”的一种题，由于它难度不高，现在在托福考试中消失的概率已经低了许多。
尤其第三版的官方指南中新增加的三篇（文章），竟然一道指代题都没有，这或许说明白ETS的一种态度和出题的动向。
但是指代题的原理，我们的同学必需要把握。
由于虽然或许你遇到指代题的概率低了许多，但是ETS在插入（句子）题、简化句子题或者推断题等题目，用代词来做主语，你不得不去确定这个代词主语究竟指代的是前文中的什么才能连续解题。
所以我们说这是一种很鸡肋的题型，同学们可以复习一下定语从句以及代词等方面的相关语法，分析一些例题，应当可以很好地应付这种题型。
托福阅读指代题解题思路及步骤一、问题形式被考的文章中有一个词或词组被加亮，这个词通常是一个代词或名词。
指代题的形式如下：The word (or phrase) X in the passage refers to二、解题步骤1. 依据解题技巧确定答案2. 代入原文验证，看语义、规律和语法上是否通顺三、基本原则1. 就近指代所谓就近指代，就是被指代对象通常在指代词前不远处，如本句或上一句中。
有时也消失在更前面的一句中。
例如，Large wind farms might also interfere with the flight patterns of migratory birds in certain areas, and they have killed large birds of prey (especially hawks, falcons, and eagles) that prefer to hunt along the same ridge lines that are ideal for wind turbines. The killing of birds of prey by wind turbines has pitted environmentalists who champion wildlife protection against environmentalists who promote renewable wind energy. Researchers are evaluating how serious this problem is and hope to find ways to eliminate or sharply reduce this problem.The phrase this problem in the passage refers to interference with the flight patterns of migrating birds in certain areas building ridge lines that are ideal for wind turbines the killing of birds of prey by wind turbines meeting the demands of environmentalists who promote renewable wind energy本题涉及的是一个词组this problem。
雅思阅读真题解析：指纹识名画
雅思阅读真题解析:指纹识名画为了提高大家的雅思阅读成绩，下面小编给大家分享一下雅思阅读真题解析:指纹识名画名画，通过这题的回放训练，希望能为大家提供帮助。
雅思阅读真题解析:指纹识名画文章标题:指纹识名画文章大意:A段介绍了指纹在艺术品中出现可追溯到远古时代，那时古人是为了辨别身份B,C段介绍现在艺术家在画画时由于有时要抹掉多余的颜料等而留下指纹以及D段比较了指纹识别在警察局和文艺作品应用时的不同E-F举例说明由于指纹识别而导致文艺作品身价百倍 G告诫不能全信题目类型: Matching 型完成句子段落 + 信息单选题参考答案: 古代烧陶器者留指印是为了identification指纹系统广泛应用是因为a reliable system available用于鉴定古画是因为determine appropriates price没有签名的画可以通过compare with fingerprints from other sources确认作者一幅关于彩虹的画曾经location unknown古代画家可能用手指remove unwanted paint一幅头像画in poor condition那幅头像could be work of Leonardo Da Vinci 选择题:某作品###的情况答案：很长时间没有被准确定位某作品的情况是答案： in bad condition (文章说图褪色边缘破损)从E章节某作品是答案：一副达芬奇油画的复制品解决雅思考试阅读易出现的四个障碍(1) 单词IELTS普通培训类阅读文章中涉及词汇7000左右，但具备4000左右(即大学英语四级水平)即可应考。
单词量不够的考生,应在短期内迅速扩充认知词汇,为看文章做题打下一个良好的基础。
有些考生脱离语境孤立地背单词,这样容易遗忘或混淆单词的意义。
如有考生考试时遇到contribution(设计;设法做到)想不起来什么意思,只记得在词汇表里该单词位于contribution(贡献)之后、controversial(有争议的)之前。
托福阅读指代题技巧
托福阅读指代题技巧指代题是托福阅读十大题型之一，虽然看上去考的是代词的使用，其实还涉及到对句间逻辑关系理解的视察。
有些童鞋在做题过程中容易懵，理不清头绪。
我教你五句口诀，只要记住这五句话就可以轻松HOLD住指代题不被考倒。
1、见到代词找指代，指代通常在前方这句话是代词指代题的总则，考生务必铭记：代词永远出现在原词之后，原词永远出现在代词之前。
依据这条原则考生可以快速排除选项中出现在代词之后的词汇，锁定正确答案。
2、主代主，宾代宾，所有格，就近找代词指代的语法规则非常严格，因此考生要优先合计代词在句中充当的成分：主语、宾语、还是所有格代词，然后在前句中快速寻找对应的语法成分就可以轻松解题。
仅依靠这条规律就可以解决大部分代词指代类题目，例如：When small fish venture too close to the tentacles of these living flowers， they are stung and eaten.题目中代词"they'在主句中充当主语成分，考生迅速定位前方从句中的主语"small fish'，题目就迎刃而解。
又例如所有格代词(你的、我的、他的等等)通常指代前文中最靠近该代词的核心名词：Florists often refrigerate cut flowers to protect their fresh appearance.题目中的所有格代词"their'之前有两个名词"florists'和"flowers'，语法基础薄弱的考生要花些时间才干弄清楚所谓"他(它)们的'究竟是谁们的?事实上依据"就近原则'，在距离代词最近的地方找到符合句中语意的核心名词，就可以锁定答案。
而上述句中距离"their'最近的名词时"flowers'，因此正确答案就是它。
3月22日托福阅读考试解析
Earthis the thirdplanetfrom theSun.It is thedensestand fifth-largest of the eight planets in theSolar System.It is also the largest of the Solar System's fourterrestrial planets.It is sometimes referred to as theworldor the Blue Planet.
相关背景内容：
Gorillasconstitute theeponymousgenusGorilla, the largestextantgenusofprimatesby physical size. They are ground-dwelling, predominantlyherbivorousapesthat inhabit theforestsof centralAfrica.The genus is divided into two species and either four or fivesubspecies.TheDNAof gorillas is highly similar tothat of a human,from 95–99% depending on what is counted, and they are the next closest living relatives tohumansafter thebonoboandcommon chimpanzee.
3月22日托福阅读考试解析
考试日期：2014年3月22日
Reading Passage 1
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱTitle:
托福阅读指代题怎么做-解题步骤-题目介绍
托福阅读指代题怎么做-解题步骤-题目介绍〔托福〕阅读指代题的解题步骤为：1)定位高亮显示被考查的单词或词组。
2)找出被考查的单词或词组前面与之相匹配的名词。
3)尝试考查的单词或词组四周的每一个名词。
4)去掉错误选项，选择正确的选项。
在新托福阅读考试中，一篇文章通常有0到2到指代题。
它们每题价值1分，而且出现的频率很高。
在新托福阅读考试中，指代题主要测试考生确定代词或形容词的对象(即代词或形容词所指的名词)的能力。
被考查的名词或形容词在原文中被特别显示，这样就省去了应试者在原文中查找的麻烦。
阅读测试中的所有参照问题都是单项选择题，考生唯一必须要做的就是从四个选项中选择一个正确答案。
如果你想快速准确地完成新托福阅读考试中的参照题，你必须了解参照题这一非经常见的语法现象。
代词和指示性形容词可以用来指代其句子中或其前后的句子中的其他名词，以及段落和章节中的名词。
这种语法现象被称为指代。
指代题所测试的词汇有很多类型：第三人称代词的主格形式、第三人称代词的宾格形式、第三人称名词性物主代词形式、第三人称形容词性物主代词形式、第三人称反身代词形式、关系代词或副词、指示代词或形容词、量词以及其他代词形式;此外，指代题还测试考生识别单词和短语的指代关系和含义的能力。
与词汇题不同，指代题并不测试考生的词汇量，而是测试其分析和理解上下文的能力。
这通常是旧托福考试中重点视察的语法问题之一。
一般来说，这些代词或形容词所指的对象位于指代词的前面(当然也有极少数例外)。
因此，考生应研究代词在上下文中的位置，并在代词或形容词的上下文中找到相应的对象。
除了单词参照题(通常是代词)之外，托福阅读考试中还有 "词汇/短语指代题"。
词汇/短语指代题是指代题的一种类型，而不是词汇题。
这种类型题是指代题的一种变体，测试考生是否能确定文本中某处单词的含义。
词汇/短语指代题与代词指代题一样，但它们测试的不是代词，而是代词以外的词或短语，通常是名词或名词短语。
新托福阅读指代题如何攻破
新托福阅读指代题如何攻破如何在短时间内攻破新托福阅读指代题呢?文都国际教育老师将针对这个问题，具体分析指代题的考试特点，涵盖内容以及解题方法。
一、考试的特点我们先看一下托福官方指南对指代题这一题型的描述：These questions ask you to identify referential relationships between the words in the passage. Often the relationships is between pronoun and its antecedent (the word to which the pronoun refers). Sometimes other kinds of grammatical reference are tested (like which or this).The four answers choices will be words or phrases from the passage. Only one choice is the word to which the highlighted word refers.总结起来指代题有以下三个特点：1. 问题除了常规代词(it/they/them/these)外，还有which, this等语法指代;Which是定语从句或者非限制定语从句的关系指代词，此外新托福阅读真题出现过this + problem/view等非常规语法指代题。
2. 代词所指必须是前面提到过的词;代词指代在英语里面可分为前指和后指，在新托福阅读考试里面只考前指，也就是指代前文提到过的事物。
3. 答案可以是词、短语或者前面谈到的一件事情;新托福阅读指代题突破我们常规的指代概念，不局限于指代单个词，它可以是短语，甚至是完整的一句话。
问题形式：The word “X” in the passage refers to……二、考试的内容托福阅读常考查的代词包括：they, them, it, this, these, which, others, some, none, this + n等。
2022年托福考试阅读理解模拟练习题及答案新
2022年托福考试阅读理解模拟练习题及答案更多精彩尽请关注我！Hormones in the BodyUp to the beginning of the twentieth century,the nervous system was thought to control all communication within the body and the resulting integration of behavior.Scientists had determined that nervesran,essentially,on electrical impulses.These impulses were thought to be the engine for thought,emotion,movement,and internal processes such as digestion.However,experiments by William Bayliss and Ernest Starling on the chemical secretin,which is produced in the small intestine when food enters the stomach,eventually challenged that view.From the small intestine,secretin travels through the bloodstream to the pancreas.There,it stimulates the release of digestive chemicals.In this fashion,the intestinal cells that produce secretin ultimately regulate the production of different chemicals in a different organ,the pancreas.Such a coordination of processes had been thought to require control by the nervous system;Bayliss and Starling showed that it could occur through chemicals alone.This discovery spurred Starling to coin the term hormone to refer to secretin,taking it from the Greek wordhormon,meaning“to excite”or“to set in motion.”A hormone is a chemical produced by one tissue to make things happen elsewhere.As more hormones were discovered,they were categorized,primarily according to the process by which they operated on the body.Some glands(which make up the endocrine system)secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.Such glands include the thyroid and the pituitary.The exocrine system consists of organs and glands that produce substances that are used outside the bloodstream,primarily for digestion.The pancreas is one such organ,although it secretes somechemicals into the blood and thus is also part of the endocrine system.Much has been learned about hormones since their discovery.Some play such key roles in regulating bodily processes or behavior that their absence would cause immediate death.The most abundant hormones have effects that are less obviously urgent but can be more far-reaching and difficult to track:They modify moods and affect human behavior,even some behavior we normally think of as voluntary.Hormonal systems are very intricate.Even minute amounts of the right chemicals can suppress appetite,calm aggression,and change the attitude of a parent toward a child.Certain hormones accelerate the development of the body,regulating growth and form;others may even define an individual’s personality characteristics.The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age,so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.In fact,some hormone therapies are already very common.A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings,sudden changes in body temperature,and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age.Known as hormone replacement therapy(HRT),the treatment was also believed to prevent weakening of the bones.At least one study has linked HRT with a heightened risk of heart disease and certain types of cancer.HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form.Some proponents of HRT have tempered their enthusiasm in the face of this new evidence,recommending it only to patients whose symptoms interfere with their abilities to live normal lives.Human growth hormone may also be given to patients who are secreting abnormally low amounts on their own.Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body,such treatments aregenerally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.Growth hormone affects not just physical size but also the digestion of food and the aging process.Researchers and family physicians tend to agree that it is foolhardy to dispense it in cases in which the risks are not clearly outweighed by the benefits.27.The word engine in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)desire(B)origin(C)science(D)chemical28.The word it in the passage refers to(A)secretin(B)small intestine(C)bloodstream(D)pancreas29.The word spurred in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)remembered(B)surprised(C)invented(D)motivated30.To be considered a hormone,a chemical produced in the body must(A)be part of the digestive process(B)influence the operations of the nervous system(C)affect processes in a different part of the body(D)regulate attitudes and behavior31.The glands and organs mentioned in paragraph 3 are categorized according to(A)whether scientists understand their function(B)how frequently they release hormones into the body(C)whether the hormones they secrete influence the aging process(D)whether they secrete chemicals into the bloodParagraph 3 is marked with an arrow[→]32.The word key in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)misunderstood(B)precise(C)significant(D)simple33.The word minute in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)sudden(B)small(C)changing(D)noticeable34.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.(A)Most moods and actions are not voluntary because they are actually produced by the production of hormones in the body.(B)Because the effects of hormones are difficult tomeasure,scientists remain unsure how far-reaching their effects on moods and actions are.(C)When the body is not producing enough hormones,urgent treatment may be necessary to avoid psychological damage.(D)The influence of many hormones is not easy to measure,but they can affect both people’s psychology and actions extensively.35.The word tempered in the passage is closest in meaning to(A)decreased(B)advertised(C)prescribed(D)researched36.Which patients are usually treated with growth hormone?(A)Adults of smaller statue than normal(B)Adults with strong digestive systems(C)Children who are not at risk from the treatment(D)Children who may remain abnormally small37.Which of the following sentences explains the primary goal of hormone replacement therapy?These sentences are highlighted in the passage.(A)The quantities and proportions of hormones produced change with age,so scientists have given a great deal of study to shifts in the endocrine system over time in the hopes of alleviating ailments associated with aging.(B)A combination of estrogen and progesterone has been prescribed for decades to women who want to reduce mood swings,sudden changes in body temperature,and other discomforts caused by lower natural levels of those hormones as they enter middle age.(C)HRT may also increase the likelihood that blood clots—dangerous because they could travel through the bloodstream and block major blood vessels—will form.(D)Because of the complicated effects growth hormone has on the body,such treatments are generally restricted to children who would be pathologically small in stature without it.38.Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.The body is a complex machine,however,and recent studies have called into question the wisdom of essentially trying to fool its systems into believing they aren’t aging.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.39.Directions:An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided plete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage.This question is worth 2 points.The class of chemicals called hormones was discovered by two researchers studying a substance produced in the small intestine.Answer ChoicesThe term hormone is based on a Greek word that means"to excite"or"to set in motion."Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangers of treatments with growth hormone so that more patients can benefit from it.Hormones can be given artificially,but such treatments have risks and must be used carefully.Hormones can affect not only life processes such as growth but also behavior and emotion.Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system but alsocertain chemicals can affect bodily processes far from their points of origin.Hormone replacement therapy(HRT)may increase the risk of blood clots and heart disease in middle-age women.Answer KeysReading：27.B28.A29.D30.C31.D32.C33.B34.D35.A36.D37.A38.third square39.1)Scientists have discovered that not only the nervous system….2)Hormones can affect not only life processes…..3)Researchers are looking for ways to decrease the dangers of….文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
新托福考试阅读理解模拟试题及答案3
新托福考试阅读理解模拟试题及答案3The observation of the skies has played a special part in the lives and cultures of peoples since the earliest of times. Evidence obtained from a site known as the Hole in the Rock, in Papago Park in Phoenix, Arizona, indicates that it might have been used as an observatory by a prehistoric people known as the Hohokam.The physical attributes of the site allow its use as a natural calendar/clock. The "hole" at Hole in the Rock is formed by two large overhanging rocks coming together at a point, creating a shelter with an opening large enough for several persons to pass through. The northeast－facing overhang has a smaller opening in its roof. It is this smaller hole that produces the attributes that may have been used as a calendar/clock.Because of its location in the shelter's roof, a beam of sunlight can pass through this second hole and cast a spot onto the shelter's wall and floor. This spot of light travels from west to east as the sun moves across the sky. It also moves from north to south and back again as the Earth travels around the Sun, the west－to－east movement could have been used to establish a daily clock, much like a sundial, while the north－to－south movement could have been used to establish a seasonal calendar.The spot first appears and starts down the surface of the wall of the shelter at different times of the morning depending on the time of the year. The spot grows in size from its first appearance until its maximum size is achieved roughly at midday. It then continues its downward movement until it reaches a point where it jumps to the floor of the shelter. As the Sun continues to move to the west, the spot continues to move across the shelter floor and down the butte, or hill, toward a group of small boulders. Ifa person is seated on a certain one of these rocks as the spot reaches it, the Sun can be viewed through the calendar hole. This occurs at different times in the afternoon depending on the time of year.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?（A） observations of the stars by ancient people（B） rock formations of Arizona（C） a site used by ancient people to measure time（D） the movement of the earth around the Sun2. The word "obtained" in line 2 is closest in meaning to（A） acquired（B） transported（C） covered（D） removed3. The word "attributes属性,特征" in line 5 is closest in meaning to （A） changes（B） characteristics（C） locations（D） dimensions4. The word "its" in line 10 refers to（A） roof（B） beam（C） hole（D） spot5. The word "establish" in line 15 is closest in meaning to（A） create（B） locate（C） consult（D） choose6. Which of the following is NOT true of the spot of light?（A） It is caused by sunlight passing through a hole.（B） It travels across the roof of the shelter.（C） Its movement is affected by the position of the Sun.（D）It movement could have been used to estimate the time of day.7. From which of the following can be the time of year be determined? （A） The movement of the spot of light from west to east（B） The speed with which the spot of light moves（C） The movement of the spot of light from north to south （D） The size of the sport of light at midday8. The word "roughly粗糙地" in line 18 is closest in meaning to（A） finally（B） harshly（C） uneasily（D） approximately9. The passage mentions that the Hole in the Rock was used as all of the following EXCEPT（A） a calendar（B） a home（C） a clock（D） an observatory10. Which of the following can be inferred from the fourth paragraph? （A） The boulders are located below the rock shelter.（B） The person seated on the rock cannot see the shelter.（C）After it passes the boulders, the spot of light disappears.（D） The spot of light is largest when it first appears.答案:CABCA BCDBA。
新托福考试阅读理解部分模拟试题含有答案
A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker. The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual, and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate unsureness or fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the conversant's tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person's self－image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self－image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?（A） The function of the voice in performance（B） The connection between voice and personality（C） Communication styles（D） The production of speech2. What does the author mean by stating that, "At interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen" （lines 9－10）?（A） Feelings are expressed with different words than ideas are.（B） The tone of voice can carry information beyond the meaning of words. （C） A high tone of voice reflects an emotional communication.（D） Feelings are more difficult to express than ideas.3. The word "Here" in line 10 refers to（A） interpersonal interactions（B） the tone（C） ideas and feelings（D） words chosen4. The word "derived获得" in line 15 is closest in meaning to（A） discussed（B） prepared（C） registered 记录,登记,注册（D） obtained5. Why does the author mention "artistic, political, or pedagogic communication" in line 17?（A） As examples of public performance（B） As examples of basic styles of communication（C） To contrast them to singing（D） To introduce the idea of self－image6. According to the passage , an exuberant tone of voice, may be an indication ofa person's（A） general physical health（B） personality（C） ability to communicate（D） vocal quality7. According to the passage , an overconfident front may hide（A） hostility（B） shyness（C） friendliness（D） strength8. The word "drastically激烈地" in line 24 is closest in meaning to（A） frequently（B） exactly（C） severely（D） easily9. The word "evidenced表明" in line 25 is closest in meaning to（A） questioned（B） repeated（C） indicated（D） exaggerated 夸大,夸张10. According to the passage , what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate? （A） lethargy（B） depression（C） boredom（D） anger答案:BBADA BBCCD。
托福阅读材料练习：手指的感应
托福阅读材料练习：手指的感应whether you're a hunt-and-peck typist or a rachmaninoff of the keyboard, you will make mistakes. but it's not just your eyes catching typos when you see them on the screen. your hands know when you mess up too. that’s according to a study in the journal science. [gordon logan and matthew crump, "cognitive illusions of authorship revealhierarchical error detection in skilled typists"]researchers recruited expert typists—college students, of course—and showed them 600 five-letter words, one at a time. and they asked the students to type those words as quickly and accurately as possible. but sometimes, the researchers inserted typos in the word as it appeared on screen, when the students hadn’t made one. other times they automatically corrected typos the students did make.and the students tended to believe the screen. so if a typo had been added, they figured they must have messed up. if a typo had been corrected they thought they typed it right. but the hands didn't fallfor it. when the fingers slipped up, they paused a split second longer than usual before typing the next letter. but they didn't pause whenfake typos appeared on-screen only. so we apparently have two discrete mechanisms guarding against typing errors, one visual, the other tactile. to fox quick brown fixes. to fix quick brown foxes.。
2018年度考研英语的阅读每日精选智能的手机能识别人类手势
2017考研英语阅读每日精选：智能手机能识别人类手势在考研英语中，阅读分数可谓是占到了总分的半壁江山，正所谓“得阅读者得考研”。
对于备考2017考研的同学们，在平时的复习中一定要拓展阅读思路，各类话题都要关注，这样才能在整体上提升考研英语阅读水平! 凯程在线分享《2017考研英语阅读精选》，一起来学习吧!Gesture That Smartphones Can Appreciate智能手机能识别人类的手势Nowadays, there is a device that enables asmartphone's camera to recognise gestures withoutgobbling up precious battery life.目前，有一种设备可以使智能手机的摄像头识别人类的手势，而且不会以减少电池的宝贵寿命为代价。
Microsoft's Kinect and the soon-to-be-released LeapMotion have thrust 3D gesture-recognitiontechnology into the mainstream. T ouchlessphones，however，are still a rarity.Korean company Pantech released a smartphone in 2011that could use it's camera to recognise simple gestures. But across the industry the capabilityhas yet to catch on：of the 1.6 billion mobile devices shipped in 2012, just 27 million (about0.2 per cent) were equipped with gesture-sensing technology，according to ABI Research，amarket research firm based in New York.尽管非接触式手机仍然非常罕见，微软的Kinect和即将要发布的Leap Motion使3D 手势识别成为了一种主流技术。
托福考试阅读练习资料：Why Handwriting Makes You Smarter
智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料托福考试阅读练习资料：Why Handwriting MakesYou Smarter在电脑已经非常普及的今天，越来越多的人选择使用电脑打字完成文字工作而不是使用手写方式完成。
但是下面的新托福考试阅读练习资料告诉我们，手写的好处也许打字永远无法比拟。
Handwriting has become a dying art, now that kids start using keyboards as soon as they begin school. But writing things out by hand may be a critical way we train our brains, several studies suggest.书写已经变成一种濒临消亡的艺术，现在的孩子们自入学起就开始使用电脑键盘。
但一些研究发现，用手书写可能是我们用来训练大脑的重要方法。
Writing by hand is different from typing because it requires using strokes to create a letter, rather than just selecting the whole letter by touching a key, says Virginia Berninger a professor of psychology at the University of Washington. These finger movements activate large regions of the brain involved in thinking, memory, and language.华盛顿大学的心理学教授弗吉尼亚·伯宁格说，手写不同于打字，因为手写需要运用笔划来构成一个字母，而非仅仅靠按键来选择完整的字母。
如何做托福阅读中的指代题
如何做托福阅读中的指代题本文从网络收集而来，上传到平台为了帮到更多的人，如果您需要使用本文档，请点击下载按钮下载本文档（有偿下载），另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意！对于托福阅读的指代题，不知道同学们有没有了解过呢？指代题在同学们心中的印象可能没有那么深，但是也是非常重要的一种题型，那么接下来就和出国留学网来了解一下如何做托福阅读中的指代题？指代题题量不多，在不加试的情况下，三篇文章可能只会考到一道指代题。
而且在TPO1-53的所有题目中，指代题一共考察过23道。
这可能会给大部分同学一种错觉，指代似乎并不是那么重要。
但也就是这么一个小小的指代，会影响到我们做其他题型的正确率以及速度。
不信的话，我们来看一道题目吧。
[TPO34-] Protection of Plants by InsectsParagraph 5：… Observations leave little doubt that ants protect morning glory flowers and fruits from the combined enemy force of grasshoppers，caterpillars，and seed beetles. Bentley compares the seed production of six plants that grew where there were no ants with that of seventeen plants that were occupied by ants.Unprotected plants bore only 45 seeds per plant，but plants occupied by ants bore 211 seeds per plant. Although ants are not big enough to kill or seriously injure grasshoppers，they drive them away by nipping at their feet. Seed beetles are more vulnerable because they are much smaller than grasshoppers. The ants prey on the adult beetles，disturb females as they lay their eggs on developing fruits，and eat many of the eggs they do manage to lay.According to paragraph 5，ants defend morning glory plants from seed beetles in each of the following ways EXCEPTA）driving adult beetles off the plants by nipping at their feetB）catching and eating adult beetlesC）ating beetle eggs they find on developing fruits D）making it difficult for beetles to lay eggs on developing fruitsStep 1：按照否定事实题的解法，重点先看选项，要利用选项中的一些特殊词汇在原文段落中进行定位。
托福阅读指代关系题答题方法解读
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读指代关系题答题方法解读摘要：小编为大家介绍下托福阅读指代关系题如何答，正在准备托福阅读的学生可以一起来看看下面的介绍，希望能给大家的托福考试准备带来帮助。
托福阅读指代关系题如何答? 新托福阅读考试要求考生不但可以确定词在文章段落种的意思，还会找到指代词，也就是所谓的一个词可用另一个词或词组来指代。
所有答词都可用来大体一个词，词组或其所表达的意思。
指代词可使句与句之间的过渡衔接顺利。
第一这类题型的出题形式：The word…in the passage refers to…The phrase…in paragraph refers to…第二解题技巧有三个方案：方案一：“删除”去除不代表数字或性别的选项，区别单复数。
方案二：“代入”以选项代入法来检测词意或逻辑性，寻找具有同样语法结构的词或词组。
方案三：“靠前”每一篇文章种都有一个指代关系题。
通常代词所指的使紧靠它前面的词，但也会有例外，三篇文章总共有2至3题。
以下是具体案例：A study of elderly men and women in New Zealand found that television can actually serve as a companion by assuming “the role of social contact with the wider world.” Reducing “feeling of isolation and loneliness be cause it directs viewers” attention away from themselves. Thus television’s replacement voices can provide comfort because they distract from a focus on being alone.The word it in the passage refers toA：companionB：isolationC：lonelinessD：television分析选项D 正确。
2022年托福阅读练习题及答案(2篇)新
2022年托福阅读练习题及答案（2篇）托福阅读考试时间：1个小时(遇加试时，时间为1个小时40分钟)。
阅读部分包括3篇文章，每篇650至750个单词，每篇对应11至13道试题。
题目类型包括：图表题，篇章总结题(从给出的选项中选择能够概括文章内容的句子)，变换措辞题，词汇题(在肯定的上下文中)，指代关系题，简化句子题，插入文本题，事实信息题，推断题，修辞目的题以及否定排解题(例如，下列各项均正确除……之外)。
在完成答题的过程中，考生可以使用“复查”功能瞬间找出没有回答的题目，而不必每道题都过一遍。
PASSAGE 1By the mid-nineteenth century, the term icebox had entered the American language, but icewas still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice tradegrew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by someforward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, halfthe ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston andChicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new householdconvenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenthcentury, the knowledge of the physics ofheat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration,was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the icefrom melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling.Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept theice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve thedelicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the righttrack. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the villageof Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport hisbutter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs ofhis competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-poundbricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have totravel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The influence of ice on the diet(B) The development of refrigeration(C) The transportation of goods to market(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century2. According to the passage , when did the word icebox become part of the language of the United States?(A) in 1803(B) sometime before 1850(C) during the civil war(D) near the end of the nineteenth century3. The phrase forward-looking in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) progressive(B) popular(C) thrifty(D) well-established4. The author mentions fish in line 4 because(A) many fish dealers also sold ice(B) fish was shipped in refrigerated freight cars(C) fish dealers were among the early commercial users of ice(D) fish was not part of the ordinary person's diet before the invention of the icebox5. The word it in line 5 refers to(A) fresh meat(B) the Civil War(C) ice(D) a refrigerator6. According to the passage , which of the following was an obstacle to the development of the icebox?(A) Competition among the owners of refrigerated freight cars(B) The lack of a network for the distribution of ice(C) The use of insufficient insulation(D) Inadequate understanding of physics7. The word rudimentary in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) growing(B) undeveloped(C) necessary(D) uninteresting8. According to the information in the second paragraph, an ideal icebox would(A) completely prevent ice from melting(B) stop air from circulating(C) allow ice to melt slowly(D) use blankets to conserve ice9. The author describes Thomas Moore as having been on the right track (lines 18-19) to indicate that(A) the road to the market passed close to Moore's farm(B) Moore was an honest merchant(C) Moore was a prosperous farmer(D) Moore's design was fairly successful10. According to the passage , Moore's icebox allowed him to(A) charge more for his butter(B) travel to market at night(C) manufacture butter more quickly(D) produce ice all year round11. The produce mentioned in line 25 could include(A) iceboxes(B) butter(C) ice(D) marketsAnswers:BBACC DBCDA BPASSAGE 2The geology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Presenton Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves,transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantly modifying the face oftheEarth.Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported bywind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent ofcontinental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to formbrooks,streams, and rivers, constituting what are called the hydrographic network. This immensepolarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominatesthis entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by running fromhigh altitudes toward the reference point, that is, sea level.The rate at which a molecule of water passes though the cycle is not random but is a measureof the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for awater molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirs — atmosphere, continent, and ocean— we see that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on average, eleven days inthe atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. Thislast figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere butalso the rapidity of water transport on the continents.A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents.Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved andtransported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form thethin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed andtransported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from twoclosely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Theirrespective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.1. The word modifying in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) changing(B) traveling(C) describing(D) destroying2. The word which in line 5 refers to(A) clouds(B) oceans(C) continents(D) compounds3. According to the passage , clouds are primarily formed by water(A) precipitating onto the ground(B) changing from a solid to a liquid state(C) evaporating from the oceans(D) being carried by wind4. The passage suggests that the purpose of the hydrographic network (line 8) is to(A) determine the size of molecules of water(B) prevent soil erosion caused by flooding(C) move water from the Earth's surface to the oceans(D) regulate the rate of water flow from streams and rivers5. What determines the rate at which a molecule of water moves through the cycle, as discussed in the third paragraph?(A) The potential energy contained in water让知识带有温度。
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新托福阅读材料：手指感应
小马过河为大家准备了“新托福阅读材料：手指感应”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-267
Whether you're a hunt-and-peck typist or a Rachmaninoff of the keyboard, you will make mistakes. But it's not just your eyes catching typos when you see them on the screen. Your hands know when you mess up too. That’s according to a study in the journal Science. [Gordon Logan and Matthew Crump, "Cognitive Illusions of Authorship Reveal Hierarchical Error Detection in Skilled Typists"]
Researchers recruited expert typists—college students, of course—and showed them 600 five-letter words, one at a time. And they asked the students to type those words as quickly and accurately as possible. But sometimes, the researchers inserted typos in the word as it appeared on screen, when the students hadn’t made one. Other times they automatically corrected typos the students did make.
And the students tended to believe the screen. So if a typo had been added, they figured they must have messed up. If a typo had been corrected they thought they typed it right. But the hands didn't fall for it. When the fingers slipped up, they paused a split second longer than usual before typing the next letter. But they didn't pause when fake typos appeared on-screen only. So we apparently have two discrete mechanisms guarding against typing errors, one visual, the other tactile. To fox quick brown fixes. To fix quick brown foxes.、
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