英语句子成分结构讲解

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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑,句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料,而句子结构则是建筑的框架。

理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。

接下来,让我们一起深入探讨。

一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体,通常是某人、某事或某物。

它是句子的核心,决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。

比如,“The dog is cute” (这只狗很可爱。

)中,“The dog”就是主语。

2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。

它通常由动词构成。

例如,“She sings beautifully” (她唱歌很好听。

)中的“sings”就是谓语。

3、宾语宾语是动作的对象,通常是接受动作的人或物。

比如,“He bought a book” (他买了一本书。

)中的“a book”就是宾语。

4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。

常见的系动词有 be (am/is/are)、seem、look 等,其后的成分就是表语。

例如,“She is happy” (她很开心。

)中的“happy”就是表语。

5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。

它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。

例如,“The red car is mine” (那辆红色的车是我的。

)中的“red”就是定语。

6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。

比如,“He runs fast” (他跑得很快。

)中的“fast”就是状语。

7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。

例如,“We made him our monitor” (我们选他当班长。

)中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。

二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构,是最基本的句子类型。

例如,“I love you” (我爱你。

)2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词(and, but, or 等)连接而成。

英语句子成分划分详解

英语句子成分划分详解

英语句子成分划分详解句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。

句子的成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

主语和谓语是句子的主体部分,表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。

定语和状语是句子的次要成分。

主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。

一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。

大多数主语都在句首。

例如:“XXX.”中,“We”是主语,表示“我们是谁”。

谓语是用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”的。

谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。

例如:“XXX.”中,“is”是谓语,表示“他是什么”。

表语是用来说明主语的状态、性质或身份的。

表语通常是形容词、名词、代词、介词短语或从句。

例如:“She looksvery smart and cool.”中,“smart and cool”是表语,表示“她看起来很聪明和酷”。

宾语是动作的承受者,分为直接宾语和间接宾语。

直接宾语是动作的直接承受者,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当。

间接宾语是动作的间接承受者,一般由介词短语或从句来充当。

例如:“We have XXX.”中,“job”是直接宾语,表示“我们完成了什么工作”。

定语是用来限定名词或代词的意义的。

定语通常由形容词、名词、代词、介词短语或从句来充当。

例如:“The classroomis very big.”中,“big”是定语,表示“教室有多大”。

状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的。

状语通常由副词、介词短语、从句或短语来充当。

例如:“He can XXX.”中,“German”是状语,表示“他会说哪种语言”。

3.表语表语用于说明主语的状态或特征,通常由名词、形容词、介词短语、副词、不定式或从句来充当。

它的位置在系动词后面。

在中文中,表语通常是动词,而在英语中则是系动词(例如:be、appear、seem等)。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1. 主语(Subject):句子中进行动作或者是被动接受动作的人或物。

例句:Tom is reading a book.(主语是Tom)2. 谓语(Predicate):句子中所陈述的动作或状态。

例句:I am studying English. (谓语是am studying)3. 宾语(Object):句子中被动作的对象或者是动作的影响者。

例句:She bought a new car.(宾语是a new car)4. 定语(Adjective):修饰名词或代词的词或词组。

例句:I saw a black cat.(定语是black)5. 状语(Adverb):修饰动词、形容词、副词,可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。

例句:She sings beautifully.(状语是beautifully)例句:I am a student.(补语是a student)英语句子结构可以按照不同的组合方式分类:1. 简单句(Simple Sentence):包含一个主语和一个谓语。

例句:She sings.(主语+谓语)例句:I like swimming, but he prefers hiking.(独立子句+连接词+独立子句)3. 并列句(Coordinative Sentence):用连词连接两个或更多的相同层次的分句。

例句:I am tired, so I'm going to bed.(分句+连词+分句)例句:She invited me to a party, which made me happy.(主句+从句)总结起来,英语句子成分和结构的掌握对于理解和构建句子都是非常重要的。

通过对各个成分的认识和使用,可以更准确地表达自己的意思。

而了解不同的句子结构,可以帮助我们构建丰富多样的句子,提高语言表达的能力。

英语句子结构分析成分

英语句子结构分析成分

英语句子结构分析成分
英语句子的结构可以分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等成分。

1. 主语:句子中表达动作或状态的实施者或具有其中一种属性的人
或事物。

如:The cat caught a mouse.(猫抓住了一只老鼠。


2. 谓语:句子中表达动作、状态或存在的核心。

如:He is running.(他正在奔跑。


3. 宾语:句子中受到动作影响的人或事物。

如:She bought a book.(她买了一本书。


4. 定语:句子中修饰名词或代词的成分,用来描述、限定名词或代词。

如:I have a red car.(我有一辆红色的车。


5. 状语:句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词的成分,用来描述、限定
动词、形容词、副词。

如:He speaks English fluently.(他流利地讲
英语。


6. 补语:句子中用来补充说明主语、宾语或介词宾语的成分。

如:The soup tastes delicious.(这汤味道很好。

英语句子成分分析法结构解析

英语句子成分分析法结构解析

英语句子成分分析法结构解析很多同学对英语的句子成分搞不懂,所以就影响了他们的阅读和写作,以及做其他类型题目的能力。

今天店铺为大家带来了英语句子成分分析,欢迎大家阅读!英语句子成分分析篇一一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例:划出下列句子的主语,并在括号内写出它的词性或充当的是什么从句。

1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.( )2. We often speak English in class.( )3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.( )4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.( )5. Smoking does harm to the health.( )6. The rich should help the poor.( )7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.( )8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.( )(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

英语句子结构详细讲解

英语句子结构详细讲解

英语句子结构详细讲解一.句子成分分析1.主语(subject)句子的主体,全句述说的对象。

一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,从句担任,常置于句首。

(名词)(主格代词)(数词)(不定式)(动名词)(主语从句)2. 谓语(predicate)对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。

谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语(1).简单谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成at 6 o?clock.(动词)(动词短语)(2).复合谓语①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成(情态动词+动词原形)She (助动词do+动词原形)(助动词has+动词原形)补充:协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。

被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。

最常用的助动词有:be, do, have, shall, will, should, would. 助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。

(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)②由系动词加表语构成(即主系表结构)(状态系动词be+表语)(表象系动词look+表语)补充:系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词。

有些不具词义;有些具有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

1.状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。

)2.持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, stay, lie, remain, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

英语句子成分结构详解

英语句子成分结构详解

英语句子成分结构详解一、英语语句基本结构分析:(一)主谓宾结构:1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。

主语一般在句首。

注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!eg: The boy comes from America.He made a speech.Two and two is four.To be a teacher is my dream.Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。

谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,eg:We come.Many changes took place in my home town.注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, appear, happen,break out;表来、去,如:come, go等)3、宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,him,them等。

除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语。

eg:I will do it tomorrow.The boy needs a pen.I like swimming.I like to swim this afternoon.(二)主系表结构:1、主语:同‘主谓宾’结构。

2、谓语:联系动词(Linkverb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,havebeen);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变和感官动词如:feel, touch, hear,see等。

其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。

3、表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解:(一)句子成分1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。

主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。

The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)找出下列句中的主语:Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词)Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式)Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子)2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。

):1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解:(一)句子成分1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。

主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。

The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)找出下列句中的主语:Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词)Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式)Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子)2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。

):1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1.主语:句子中承受动作或说明句子中主要内容的成分,通常回答“谁?”的问题。

例如:- My sister (我的妹妹) is a teacher.2.谓语:句子中说明主语动作或状态的成分,通常由动词构成。

例如:- She (她) is reading (在读书) a book.3.宾语:句子中说明动作的承受者或受影响的事物的成分,通常回答“什么?”的问题。

例如:- He (他) likes (喜欢) apples (苹果).4.定语:句子中用来修饰名词或代词的成分,通常由形容词、限定词或被动分词构成。

例如:- The red (红色的) car (汽车) is mine.5.状语:句子中用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分,通常回答“怎样?”“在哪里?”“为什么?”等问题。

例如:- She (她) sings (唱歌) beautifully (优美地).6.补语:句子中用来补充说明主语或宾语的成分,常常是形容词、名词、副词、介词短语等。

例如:- He (他) is a doctor (医生).英语句子结构指的是英语句子中各个成分之间的组织方式和顺序。

常见的英语句子结构有简单句、复合句和并列句等。

1.简单句:由一个主语和一个谓语组成,可以有宾语、定语、状语或补语等修饰。

例如:- My cat (我的猫) is sleeping (在睡觉).2.复合句:由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成,从句可以充当主语、宾语、定语或状语等。

例如:- I will go shopping (我将去购物) when I finish work (我完成工作).3.并列句:由两个或多个主句组成,它们之间通常用逗号、分号或连词连接。

例如:- I like coffee (我喜欢咖啡), but my friend prefers tea (但是我的朋友更喜欢茶).。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解:(一)句子成分1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。

主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。

The sun rises in the east.(名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)找出下列句中的主语:Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词)She went out in a hurry.(代词)Four plus four is eight.(数词)To see is to believe.(不定式)Smoking is bad for health.(动名词)The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子)2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。

):1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解:(一)句子成分1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。

主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。

The sun rises in the east.(名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)找出下列句中的主语:Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词)She went out in a hurry.(代词)Four plus four is eight.(数词)To see is to believe.(不定式)Smoking is bad for health.(动名词)The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子)2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

容易谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语(注:惟独动词才可作谓语。

):1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子成分详细讲解课件(共34张)

英语句子成分详细讲解课件(共34张)
on the left. • ⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school. • ⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
• (四) 挑出下列句中的表语
• ① The old man was feeling very tired. • ② Why is he worried about Jim? • ③ The leaves have turned yellow. • ④ Soon They all became interested in the
花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。
It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes l_e_a_d_in_g_ to the nest-shaped stadium.
定语
• He is a clever boy. (形容词) • They are building a stone bridge. (名词) • There are 54 students in our class. (数词) • Do you known Betty’s sister? (名词的所有格) • He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) • There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) • His spoken language is good. (过去分词) • I met a friend on my way home. (副词)
那个男孩从树上掉下来了,头撞到地上了.

英语句子成分及结构解析

英语句子成分及结构解析
注意:下列动词在表示状态的存在和变化时, 也可以作连系动词使用 :
look 看起来; smell 闻起来;sound 听起来; taste 尝起来; feel 感觉; keep 保持; grow/go/get/turn变得。
4 第四种句型:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直 接宾语(S+V+InO+DO) (1)宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语 是及物动词的直接对象,但某些动词,除 直接宾 语外,还要求一个间接宾语,以表
give 给
tell 告诉 bring 带来 send 寄,送
hand 交给 read 读 pass 递给 lend 借给 return 把……还给…… throw 扔……给……
leave 留给 promise 许诺,答应 refuse 拒绝
②后面加for的动词:
get 得到 make 制造,做 buy 买 do 做
play 演奏 order 命令
sing 唱歌 pay 为……而付钱
简单句的五种基本句型口诀
英语句子万万千,五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词,后
接什么是关键;vt.又可分三类,单宾双宾最常见;还有宾
语补足语,各种搭配记心间。
5 第五种句型:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补 语 (S+V(及物动词)+O+OC)
(1)有些及物动词,只接一个宾语不能表达完整的 意思,还需要再加一个宾语的补语加以说 明 ,使 意思完整。这样的宾语和宾语补足语又称为复合 宾语,可以由名词、形容词和不定式来担任。
(2)一些使役性动词如make, let, have和一些表示感 官的动词如see, watch, look at(notice, observe) hear, listen to, feel等,用不定式作宾语补语时, 要省去“to”。但用于被动语态时,还要 加上 “to”。

英语句子成分讲解简单版

英语句子成分讲解简单版

谓语 宾语 表语
定语 状语
用来修饰名词或代词 修饰动词,形容词,副词,表 示动作发生的时间,地点,原 因,目的,方式,结果等
逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系
形,代,数,名, 副,介词短语或句子 副词,介词短语或句 子
形容词,名词,介词 短语等
We have eight lessons every day. He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood.
1. The boss employed five more workers. 主语 谓语 宾语 1. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. 2. Few students like taking exams. 3. He forgot to close the door. 4. I hope I can speak English fluently.
介词+名词
名 词.单词作定语时通常 (五)定语 是修饰___ 前 放在它所修饰的名词之_____ ;短语和从句作 后 定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____ 。
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
They are woman workers. 名词 名词所有格 Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. Mary is a beautiful girl. 形容词 adj The play has three acts. 数词 This is her first trip to Europe. 形容词 /序数词 /to do 不定式 China is a developing country. 现在分词 doing I have nothing to eat. to do 不定式 Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. 从句

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一【2 】.英语句子成分和英语句子构造讲授:(一)句子成分1.主语(subject): 句子解释的人或事物.主语可以由名词.代词.数词.不定式.动名词.分词.主语从句和短语等来担任.The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It情势主语,主语从句是真正主语)What he has said is true. (句子)2.谓语(predicate): 解释主语的动作.状况和特点.I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语.):1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质.状况和特点.He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)★(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝.吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感到) ...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.找出下列句中的表语.1. I am a teacher.2. They are on the playground.3. My job is teaching English.4. It gets cold.5. It sounds interesting.4.宾语:1)动作的推却者-----I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词.代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语:please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.找出下列句子的宾语部分:1. We often help him.2. He likes to play basketball.3. We enjoy listening to the music.4. She said that he felt sick.5. They are talking about the new student.5.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语.We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’tcome here. (名)We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. 介词短语)Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)Don’t keep the lights burni ng. (如今分词)I’ll have my bike repaired. (曩昔分词)6.主补:对主语的补充,全称为主语补足语.He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.7.定语:润饰或限制名词或代词的词.词组或句子.Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词)We belong to the third world. (数词)He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. (如今分词)The trees planted last year are growing well now. (曩昔分词)I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)定语后置:假如定语是由一个单词表示时,平日要前置.而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,平日则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?8.状语:用来润饰v., adj., adv., 或句子.表示时光.地点.原因.成果.程度.前提.方法和妥协. (以下例句按上述次序分列)I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting-room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.(二)句子构造简单句的五个根本句型1.主语+不及物动词 She came./ My head aches.2.主语+及物动词+宾语 She likes English.3.主语+系动词+表语 She is happy.4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 She gave John a book.5.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语 She makes her mother angry.The teacher asked me to read the passage.★ There +be 句型There are some books on the desk.There lies a book on the desk.Exercises :剖析下列句子成分1. Our school is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.翻译演习:主谓构造(主语+不及物动词)1.你应当尽力进修You should study hard.2.他昨天晚上很晚回家She went home very late yesterday evening.演习:1.This box weighs five kilos. 这个盒子重五公斤.2.I lived in Beijing five years ago. 五年前我住在北京.主谓宾构造(主语+及物动词+宾语)1.我昨晚写了一封信I wrote a letter last night.2.我今世界午想和你谈谈I want to talk with you this afternoon.演习:1.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 我们大家都信任Jack 是一个说谎男孩.2.He did not know what to say. 他不知道说什麽好.主系表构造(主语+系动词+表语)1.我的弟弟都是大学生My brothers are all college students.2.在冬天,白天很短夜晚很长In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.3. 布朗密斯看上去很健康Mrs Brown looks very healthy.4.在他15岁那年他成为了有名的画家 At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 演习:1、树叶已经变黄了.The leaves have turned yellow.2.这个报告听起来很有意思.The report sounds interesting.双宾语构造(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)1.强森师长教师客岁叫我们德语Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.祖父昨晚给我讲了一个有味的故事Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 演习:1. 请你给我弄一本新的,好吗? Will you please get me a new copy?2.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗? Shall I call you a taxi?复合宾语构造(主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语)1.我们叫她爱丽丝We call her Alice.2.他怙恃叫他约翰His parents named him John.演习:1、黉舍定了一条规矩,开端上课时学生要起立.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 2.我以为与那小我谈话是无益的.I thought it no use talking with that manThere be 句型1.今晚不会开会There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.2.这个村庄里只有一口井There was only a well in the village.演习:1.铃响了.There goes the bell2.一周有七天.There are seven days a week二.英语句子种类讲授:按照句子的用处,英语句子可分为陈述句.疑问句.祈使句和感慨句.按照句子的构造,英语句子可分为简单句.并列句和复合句.中考对句子的考核重要分散在以下几个方面:1. 陈述句的构成情势及根本用法;2. 祈使句的构成情势及根本用法;3. 一般疑问句.特别疑问句.选择疑问句.反意疑问句的构成情势及根本用法;4. 由what, how引诱的感慨句的构成情势.用法及差别对于各类从句的用法我们在后面分离阐述.(一.) 陈述句的构成情势及根本用法1. 陈述句:陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达措辞人意见(包括确定和否认)的句子.平日用降调,句末用句号“.”.Tom has a new car.The flower isn’t beautiful.2. 陈述句否认式的构成(1) 假如确定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词.情态动词或连络动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否认式.He is playing the guitar.(确定)He is not playing the guitar.(否认)We can get there before dark.(确定)We can’t get thee before dark.(否认)(2) 假如陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而个中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需依据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t.同时把该实义动词变为本相.He plays the violin well.(确定)He doesn’t play the violin well.(否认)She won the game.(确定)She didn’t win the game.(否认)(3) 假如句子是there be构造或曰语动词是have(有),除了be和have之后加not之外,句中假如有some要变为any.例如:There is some wate r in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup.He has some books. →He has not any books.(4) 除not以外,否认词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否认句.例如:There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike.I have seen the film. →I ha ve never seen the film.(二.) 祈使句的构成情势及根本用法祈使句是用来表示敕令.请求.建议.号令等的句子,谓语动词用本相,句末用感慨号“!”或句号“.”.朗读时一般用降调.1.确定的祈使句:(1)祈使句主语是you时,you常省略,但假如要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情感时可以有主语或称呼语.Be quiet.You be quiet!(2)“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的情感或请求,do起强调感化.Do come back at once! Do be careful.(3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一种虚心的语气,但please用在句末时,必须用逗号与其余部分离开.Open the window, please.(4)Let引诱祈使句时,后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语,人称代词一般只用第一.第三人称.Let Jack wait a minute.Let’s go to school.(5)在祈使句中,Let’s和 Let us是有差别的.Let’s包括措辞者,而Let us不包括听话者在内.这点从反意疑问句时可显著看出.Let’s go skating, shall we?(表示内部的建议)Let us try again, will you?(表示向别人发出请求)2. 否认祈使句平日以Don’t或Never开首.其构造平日是:“Don’t(Never)+动词本相+其他成分” 例如:Don’t do that again!Never leave today’s work for tomorrow!Don’t be late next time!(三.) 一般疑问句.特别疑问句.选择疑问句.反意疑问句的构成情势及根本用法1. 一般疑问句:(1)一般疑问句的确定情势一般疑问句一般是指以助动词.情态动词.be动词或have(有)开端,平日请求以yes,或no来答复的疑问句,一般疑问句读时平日用升调.Do you know Mr. Smith Can you swim?(2)一般疑问句的否认构造① 在一般疑问句的否认构造中,把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后.但假如用not的简单情势-n’t,则须将-n’t与一般疑问句句首的be, have,助动词或情态动词写在一路.在现实应用中,一般都采用简单式.Are you not a footb all fan?Aren’t you a football fan?Will she not like it?Won’t she like it?② 与汉语不同的是,英语一般疑问句否认构造的答语是否认照样确定,全由答语的否认或确定来决议.若答语是确定的,则用yes加确定构造;若答语是否认的,则用no加否认构造.Aren’t you a football fan? 你不是足球迷吗?Yes, I am.\ No, I am not.Won’t she like it?Yes, she will. \ No, she won’t.。

英语句子成分和结构讲解

英语句子成分和结构讲解

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。

①The sun rises in the east. (名词做主语)②He likes dancing. (代词做主语)③Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词做主语)④Seeing is believing. (动名词做主语)⑤To see is to believe. (不定式做主语)⑥What he needs is a book. (主语从句做主语)⑦It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。

谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成。

1.由简单的动词构成。

(1). What happened? 发生了什么事?(2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。

(3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飞机是十点起飞的。

2.由动词短语构成的谓语。

(1). I am reading. 我在看书。

(2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着?(3). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。

三、表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

①He is a teacher. (名词做表语)②Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词做表语)③Five and five is ten. (数词做表语)④He is asleep. (形容词做表语)⑤His father is in.(副词做表语)⑥The picture is on the wall. (介词短语做表语)⑦My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词做表语)⑧To see is to believe.(不定式做表语)⑨The question is whether they will come. (表语从句做表语)(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste (尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)...① It sounds a good idea. ⑤The sound sounds strange.②Her voice sounds sweet. ⑥Tom looks thin.③The food smells delicious. ⑦The food tastes good.④The door remains open. ⑧Now I feel tired.四、宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. (名词作宾语)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor. (名词化形容词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.五、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

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名词(代词)+ 名词
(作宾补的表示独一无二的职位前不加the.)
They appointed her head of the English Department. They made him captain of the ship .
名词(代词)+ 形容词 We must keep the room clean. We found her busy. I found the story interesting.
3.宾语:动作行为的对象,说明主语做什么。 一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词, 数词,动词不定式,动名词构成.
1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday. 3.He wanted to have a pen. 4.She likes playing basketball. 5.Our teacher said that he would go there. △双宾语:指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。
He gave me two books.
4.定语:用来修饰名词或代词的词.形容词, 形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语等.
This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.
6. 宾补:补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补 之间有逻辑上的主谓关系)
宾语+ 宾补叫复合宾语,复合宾语有以
下几种类型: 1 名词(代词)+ 不定式 2 名词(代词)+ 分 词 3 名词(代词)+ 名 词 4 名词 (代词)+ 形容词
1 名词(代词)+ 不定式 John asked me to help him. Let him go home. I saw her come out of the room.
组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分:
主 谓 表 宾定 状 补
1. 主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明 是“什么人” , “ 什么事”.通常由名词,代词, 不定式,动名词来充当.
1.Lucy likes her new bike.
2.We work hard.
3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.
名词(代词)+ 分词
(现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动)
I found him standing at the gate . She could feel her heart beating violently. He spoke slowly in order to make himself understood. He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard.
简单句的五种基本句型 1 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(S+Vi型) He came. She dances.
2 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O) I saw her. They like watching TV.
3 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO) (IO indirect)
I gave her a book. She showed her friends all the pictures.
4 主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)
I am a student. She looks very young.
5 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 (S+Vt+O+OC) I asked Mary to help me. We call our headmaster a wise man.
△情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语, 必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.
They can speak English well.
They are playing跟在连系动词后面的词语或 从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.
My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful . To see is to believe .
4.Playing football after school is great fun.
2.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由 动词充当.动词常分为实义动词,连系动词, 情态动词和助动词.
1.They work very hard.
2.Tom feels much better now.
(系动词:表示状态,后面往往接形容词 is am are sound look become)
5.状语:说明动作或状态特征,用来修饰动词, 形容词,副词或整个句子.副词,介词短语,动 词不定式,以及 after, when, as soon as , until, if, before等引起的从句.
You are quite right. They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
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