研究生英语综合教程2课件
研究生英语综合教程(下)Unit 2
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Starting out
Task 1 Take the quiz on Page 32 and learn more about sports.
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Starting out—Task 1
1. In what year were women first allowed to compete in the Olympic Games? A. 1800. B. 1850. C. 1900.
Key: B
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Starting out—Task 1
7. Which sport is governed by a set of rules known as the Queensberry rules? A. Boxing. B. Cricket. C.tarting out—Task 1
8. Which of the following is essentially an indoor sport? A. Cricket. B. Gymnastics. C. Golf.
Key: B
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Starting out—Task 1
9. In which country was golf first played? A. Scotland. B. France. C. Thailand.
Key: B
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Starting out—Task 1
12. When was a safety car first used in Formula 1? A. In 1993. B. In 1985. C. In 1973.
Key: C
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英语综合教程2的ppt课件
Strengthen listening training
Understand daily conversations and news reports in English speaking countries, and be able to understand the main information and details.
Simulated Business Negotiation: Simulate negotiation scenarios in business settings to help students understand business etiquette and communication skills.
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Learn basic grammar knowledge such as tense, voice, clauses, etc., and be able to understand and write simple sentences and paragraphs.
Improve understanding ability
Write simple English paragraphs and short articles to clearly express your views and information.
Learn writing skills, such as organizational structure, vocabulary and grammar selection, to improve the accuracy and fluency of writing expression.
Choose a controversial or popular topic as the discussion topic.
研究生英语综合教程2
Unit 1HumanbasedStrategya.(1)astute敏锐的(2)ignite点燃(3)enthusiasm(4)turnover(5)transaction(6)interact with(7)come into contact with(8)empower授权(9)superior优秀的(10)drop out退出b.(1)emulate--imitate(2)dedicated--devoted(3)encompass--include(4)inception--beginning(5)competence--ability(6)compliment--praise(7)skyrocket--rise suddenly(8)buck--resist(9)regardless of--in spite of(10)reach out to--give help to3.(1)motivated(2)selecting(3)retain(4)relied(5)differentiated(6)recruited(7)adaptability(8)prospective(9)require(10)efficiently(11)comprehensive(12)challenge(13)survived(14)rate(15)tripled(16)generous(17)financial(18)reveal(19)premium(20)morale4.a.(1)The fascination generated by exploration will inspire our young people to study math,science and engineering,and create a new generation of innovators and pioneers.(2)Upon returning to England,he employed the favorable media attention as a launching pad for his foray into politics.(3)Owning to the nature of every growing business,you will need to be on the go constantly,and also be on the go prepared to work shift work,including nights and weekends.(4)In Australia,gasoline prices have retreated,although falls have been limited because of the weakness of the Australian dollar against its American counterpart.(5)The Asian economy has presented a positive trend.Some countries have overcome the impact of the financial crisis and revived has once again become the spotlight of global economic growth.(6)China’s accession to the WTO can promote not only the development of Chinese economy,but also that of the world economy and will inject new impetus into the progress of Asian economy and world economy.(7)The growing quantity of information,couple with the development of technologies,erable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.(8)The future is something which everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour,whatever he does,whoever he is.b.哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。
UNIT 2研究生英语 教学 教程 课件
Paragraph 7
1. peer interaction 2. sex-separate groups 3. norm: standard, pattern --the norm of conduct 行为准则 --normal adj.
Paragraph 9
1. For women… intimacy is the fabric of relationships, and talk is the thread from which it is woven. simile intimacy n. -- intimate adj. 2. cornerstone: base, foundation
Paragraph 17
1. frustrating 2. overlap 3. participatory listenership
Paragraph 18
1. parallel: similar unparalleled 前所未有的，无与伦比的 前所未有的， 2. get mad at sb. 3. but they prefer them phrased as suggestions… phrase: v. express
Questions for Para. 19-22
1. Why do men and women have different expectations about communication in marriage? 2. What does a woman try to avoid in a conversation? 3. What solution does the author offer to the communication problem between men and women?
研究生英语综合教程2ppt课件
Reading Focus – Global Understanding
Every dish has a story Buddha Jumping over the Wall: A. This dish was created in the __G__a_th_e_r_i_n_g_S__p_r_in_g__G_a_r_d_e_n__in_
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Chinese spices调味品
• 料酒 •醋 • 酱油 • 辣椒粉 • 花椒 • 香油
•…
• Cooking wine • Vinegar • Soy sauce • Chili pepper/ powder • Prickly ash seed • Sesame [ˈsesəmi] oil •…
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Chinese cooking methods
•煮 •蒸 •煎 •炒 •炸 •炖
• boil
• steam
• fry
• fry
• fry • stew（文火炖） • braise（炖，焖） • simmer（慢慢煮，煨）
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Chinese cooking methods
braise, stew, simmer的区别：
Traditional Chinese Food
皮蛋 lime-preserved egg/Chinese preserved egg/preserved duck egg
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Traditional Chinese Food
饺子 boiled dumpling
包子 steamed dumpling
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How is it prepared?
• Procedure: The correct order?
【研究生英语课件】研究生综合英语B2Unit7
Unit 7 There Has Always Been Olympic Mischief
Additional lnformation for the Teacher’s Reference 1. Erich Segal (1937 - ) Erich Segal was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of a rabbi. A talented Latin and Greek classicist, he attended Harvard University for undergraduate and graduate degrees, taught at Harvard and Princeton, and became professor of comparative literature at Yale University in 1967. A prolific writer, he is best known as author of the screenplay for Yellow Submarine, 1968 motion picture hit by The Beatles, a British rock-n’-roll group; and his novel Love Story, a New York Times No. 1 bestseller, later translated into more than twenty languages worldwide. The motion picture version released in 1971 was the number one box
Writing Skills
Additional Work
综合教程2第二单元课件ppt课件ppt
写作练习
要求学生运用所学的语法知识，写一 篇短文或句子，以检验学生的语法运 用能力。
课文精讲
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课文背景
历史背景
介绍文章所涉及的历史事件、人 物和时代背景，有助于理解文章 的主旨和作者的意图。
文化背景
探讨文章所反映的文化现象、价 值观和社会习俗，有助于深入理 解文章的内涵和意义。
课文内容解析
主题解析
忆。
填空题
根据给定的句子，填入适当的词语 或短语，以完善句子的语法结构。
改错题
提供有语法错误的句子，要求学生 找出并纠正错误，提高语法运用能 力。
语法运用
翻译练习
口语练习
提供中文句子，要求学生将其翻译成 英文，或提供英文句子翻Leabharlann 成中文， 以检验学生对语法的掌握程度。
通过模拟对话或角色扮演等形式，让 学生在口语练习中运用所学的语法知 识，提高口语表达能力。
详细描述
本单元提供了丰富的词汇练习，包括填空、选择、翻译等题型，旨在帮助学生巩 固所学词汇，加深对新词汇的理解和记忆。学生需要通过这些练习来熟练掌握新 词汇的用法，提高语言运用能力。
词汇扩展
总结词
拓展词汇量，提高语言表达能力
详细描述
除了学习本单元的新词汇，学生还需要通过阅读、听力等方式拓展词汇量，提高自己的语言表达能力。教师可推 荐一些相关的学习资源，引导学生自主学习，不断丰富自己的词汇库。同时，学生应养成良好的学习习惯，定期 复习巩固所学词汇，确保长期记忆。
跨文化交流
设计涉及不同文化背景的口语 活动，让学生了解不同文化习 俗和表达方式，提高跨文化交
流能力。
阅读理解
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阅读技巧
预览文章
理解上下文
研究生英语综合教程 (2)
features of a classic. • Adults also find the books appealing because of the deep
intellectualism. • Plotlines of the four books are independent of each other, but
Example 3: The language of the books may be unadorned, but the way with naming people and things is quirky and original.
Example 4: Adults also find the books appealing because of the deep intellectualism in them.
Example 3: previous bookselling records. In Britain and North America, thousands of children
rushed to claim their copies when Harry Potter and the
研究生综合英语book 2unit_4_loveandmarriagePPT课件
Text A: Are Love and Marriage Like a Horse and Carriage
Quit
Contents
1 Background Information & Cultural Notes
2 Lead-in
3
Home Back
Background Information & Cultural Notes
Daniel Todd Gilbert is Professor
of Psychology at Harvard
University. He is a social
psychologist who is known
Home Back
Lead-in: Passage Appreciation
Love is holding hands in the street Marriage is holding arguments in
Home
Background Information & Cultural Notes
Aaron Ben-ze’ev is President and Professor of Philosophy at the university of Haifa. His research focuses on theoretical issues concerning the emotions, as well as the study of particular emotions. His major books are, The Subtlety of Emotions (MIT, 2000), Love Online: Emotions on the Internet (Cambridge UP,2004), and In the Name of Love: Romantic Ideology and its Victims (Oxford UP,2008).
硕士英语综合教程2ppt
Home
Back
Background Information & Cultural Notes
Southwest Airlines Co. is an American low-cost airline based in Dallas, Texas. Southwest is the largest airline in the United States, based upon domestic passengers carried, as of June 30, 2010 (2010 -06-30). Southwest operates more than 3,400 flights a day, as of March 2011, utilizing a fleet of 552 aircraft.
Seattle’s Pike Place Market Howard Shultz
Home
Background Information & Cultural Notes
W. L. Gore & Associates ―Fortune‖ 100 best companies to work for, 2011, known for GORETEX® fabrics Founded in 1958, W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. is a privately-held company headquartered in Newark, Delaware, USA. For more than 50 years, Gore has built a worldwide reputation for ethics and integrity in its dealings with customers, suppliers, and employees, and for taking a long-term view when assessing business situations.
研究生英语综合教程上Unit2 共79页PPT资料
hotel buffets, what do you know about western eating habits?
Starting out
Food Pyramid
Starting out—Task 3
Task 3
Some people worry that the popularity of the Western style fast food among Chinese people, young people in particular, will give rise to a decline in the popularity of traditional Chinese food, such as, the steamed bun. (P35)
Culinary Delights in China
Reading Focus
1 Background Information 2 Global Understanding 3 Detailed Information 4 Critical Thinking 5 Language Points 6 Vocabulary in Action
Starting out
Task 1
Chinese cuisine has become widespread in many parts of the world—from East Asia to North America, Australia to Western Europe. Regional cultural differences vary greatly among the different regions of China, giving rise to the different styles of food. There are eight main regional cuisines: Anhui, Guangdong, Fujian, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan and Zhejiang. Work in pairs to choose two different regional cuisines with which you are familiar from the eight alternatives above. Compare them by discussing the ingredients, preparation, flavors etc. (P35)
研究生综合英语2_Unit1
研究生综合英语2_Unit1U1 Warm-up 1 Warm-up 2 Warm-up 3 AIFTTR1 AIFTTR2 AIFTTR3.1 AIFTTR3.2 AIFTTR4 AIFTTR5-6 AIFTTR7 AIFTTR8.1 AIFTTR8.2 AIFTTR8.3 AIFTTR8.4 AIFTTR8.5 Text MIOTT1 Introduction to the Author and the article Introduction to the Author and the article2 Part2_T1 Part2_T2 Part2_T3 Part2_T4 Part2_T5 Part2_T6 Part2_T7 Part2_T8 Part2_T9 Part2_T10 Part2_T11 Part2_T12 Part2_TA_Notes1 Part2_TA_Notes2 Part2_TA_ Phrases and Expressions1 Part2_TA_ Phrases and Expressions2 Part2_TA_t1 Part2_TA_t2 Part2_TA_t3 Part2_TA_t4 Part2_TA_t5 Part2_TA_t6 Part2_TA_t7 Part2_though I’m sure… Part2_It invites… Part2_I might be thrown… Part2_It is one … Part2_Here is an area… Part2_Someone utters… Part2_ I didn’t do it.… Part2_The nearest… Part2_carried away… Part2_ I think we make… Part2_I know a man… Part2_ He employs… Part2_I don’t think… Part2_This sort of thing … Part2_ That one… Part2_ But for every… Part2_ It takes a Dorothy… Part2_ I worked … Part2_ the unwritten… Part2_ with immeasurably… Part2_There is no … Part2_ at the bottom… Part2_ a lady of… Part2_ He said … Part2_ Given the… Part2_ the chances … Part2_cope with Part2_blurt out Part2_inarticulate Part2_bestow sth. upon Part2_downright Part2_carry sb. away Part2_well off Part2_get possession of Part2_put one’s mind Part2_come up withPart2_brush sth. off Part2_on the right track Part2_appalled Part2_inept at Part2_fall flat Part2_fall apart Part2_execrable Part2_adroit Part2_poise Part2_etiquette Part2_comport Part2_the chances Part2_TA_exercises1.1 Part2_TA_exercises1.2 Part2_TA_exercises2.1 Part2_TA_exercises2.2 Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exerci Part2_TA_exercises4.1 Part2_TA_exercises4.2 Part2_TA_exercises4.3 Part2_TA_exercises4.4 Part2_TA_exercises4.5 Part2_TA_exercises5.1 Part2_TA_exercises5.2 Part2_TA_exercises5.3 Part2_TA_exercises5.4 Part2_TA_exercises6 Part2_TA_exercises5.3_pop1 Part2_TA_exercises5.3_pop2 Part2_TA_exercises5.4_pop1 Part2_TA_exercises5.4_pop2 Further Reading Text b1` Text b2 Text b3 Text b4 Text b5 Text b6 Text b7 Text b8 Text b9 Text b10 Text b11 Text b12 Text b13 Text b14 Blaine Smith She can cou nt… who are Christ’s body… It’s to this end that… Most of us have… S_ who gives herself… S_ Christians are not… S_ The body of Christ… S_ Most of us have… MIOFR Idiom Studies 1 Idiom Studies 2 Idiom Studies 3 EX1 EX2 WK_1 WK_2 WK_3 WK_4 WK_5 WK_6 WK_7 WK_8 WK_9 WK_10 WK_11 WK_12 WK_13 WK_14 WK_15 WK_16 WK_17 WK_18 WK_19 WK_20 WK_21 WK_22 WK_23 WK_24 WK_25 WK_26 Additional Work AW_1.1 AW_1.2 AW_1.3 AW_1.4 AW_2.1 AW_2.2 AW_2.3 AW_2.4 AW_2.5 AW_2.6 AW_2.7 AW_2.8 AW_2.9 AW_2.10 AW_3.1 AW_3.2AW_3.3 AW_3.4 AW_3.5 AW_3.6 AW_3.7 AW_4.1 AW_4.2 Writing the IntroductionThe introduction is the first part of an essay, usually the first paragraph.There are many ways to write an introduction, such as beginning with aquestion, or giving background information about the topic, etc ... Thekind of introduction you choose depends on how you want to present thetopic and the type of essay you want to compose. The introduction for mostshort essays is one paragraph and usually consists of three parts:Introduction Lead-in + Connecting information + Thesis statementWriting the Body The body of an essay is the main part. It usuallyconsists of three or four paragraphs and develops the idea advanced inthe thesis statement. The body part of an essay generally follows a planof organization which can be put in the form of an outline. An outlinecan be written in topic or sentence form. If you have written a thoroughtopic outline or sentence outline, you have done much of the work already.Therefore, knowing how to outline is a valuable skill in writing the bodypart of the essay. Learn about the arrangement of a six-leveloutline from the following format. Format of a Six-level Outline I. A.B. 1. 2. a. b. 1 a b 2 II. Here are thesamples of a Sentence Outline and a Topic Outline respectively. For yourbetter understanding, the thesis statement of the essay is given beforethe outline. Writing the Conclusion A successful essay concludes;it doesn’t just end. A good conclusion completes the discussion in the body part, echoing, in independent fashion, the thesis and the supporting ideas. What follows are several guidelines to follow when writing the conclusion: Most importantly, let the readers know that this is the conclusion. Writers mark conclusions with some kind of transition or connectors. Some examples are: in conclusion, from the information given, to summarize, and so on. And sometimes the first sentence of the conclusion rephrases the thesis or main idea of the essay in a way that reflects knowledge of the essay’s content. The conclusion should not open a new subject by raising questions unexplored in the body section or introduce new information in this last part of the essay. There are many different ways to conclude a paper. An effective conclusion can consist of any or some of the following techniques: 1. 2. 3. 4 A response to a question or a solution to a problem raised in the introduction and explored in the body section, or a statement that no final, clear answer or solution exists, thus indicating the complexity of the issue. A quotation, especially one that amplifies the thesis statement or verifies another quotation presented earlier in the introduction. A relevant anecdote, which the reader will be likely to remember and which echoes or resonates with the thesis statement. A pointed rephrasing of the thesis statement and/or supporting claims or assertions, followed by a sentence or two that turns the reader’s thoughts to the implication of the paper.Writing Up an Expository Essay As we mentioned above, an expository essay aims to explain or explore things. And good expository essays often make use of one or some writing techniques such as illustration or example, process writing how to ... , definition, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, etc. Most importantly, no matter which writing techniques are employed, the emphasis of exposition is on the subject itself. So an expository essay should be as objective as possible. Illustration In the illustration essay, wise selections of sufficient examples are used to illustrate or support the viewpoint of the thesis. The structure follows a certain pattern: in the brief introduction section, the thesis statement is presented as a generalization, a theory, or a point of view. In the body section, each topic sentence presents a main supporting point, using carefully chosen examples to illustrate, explain or prove that point. And in the conclusion section, a brief summary is given to emphasize what the examples illustrate, from which account the viewpoint of the essay becomes clearer or more forceful. Process In this type of essay, the process of doing certain things is explained or described for the readers’ understanding and knowledge. The structure follows a pattern like this: in the introduction section, the process is described briefly and the purpose of the essay is stated clearly. In the body section, the explanation is systematically divided into steps; and these steps areexplained according to the process sequence and include enough details or data. Since the sequence is usually important in this type of essay, sequence words are, therefore, commonly used. Good writers make use of a variety of transitional terms to indicate sequence. Finally in the conclusion section, the value or importance of the process description is highlighted, leaving something substantial in the minds of the readers. Definition In this type of essay, definition is useful when the writer uses abstract, ambiguous or controversial terms with various denotative or connotative meanings or shades of meaning. Since different people can have different understandings abo ut certain terms ― for instance, a discussion of political systems, feelings or wisdom ― abstract terms therefore need to be defined or clarified for accuracy. In fact, a definition essay often illustrates the most essential nature and characteristics of the subject under discussion even as it presents the writer’s own understanding or viewpoint of the matter. It is this expression of the writer’s personal opinion or attitude that gives life to a definition paper and makes it appeal to the readers. Essays of this type follow no set pattern. The definition essay can be either inductive or deductive. The inductive essay begins by using any of the other development methods, and then leads up to a definition of the subject. The deductive essay, in contrast, starts with a definition and then employs other expository patterns of development. In the conclusionsection, the definition is often summarized and emphasized, so that the author’s point of view is reinforced. Comparison and Contrast In this type of essay, you compare or contrast things. The subjects are usually two ideas that are related in some significant way. You can focus on the similarities between the two things, or on the differences, or on both the similarities and the differences. These essays aim to reveal to the readers the strengths and advantages or the weaknesses and disadvantages of the subjects under discussion. The conclusions of such essays do not merely recapitulate or summarize points of contrast. They make sure to address the significance of the comparison and the information gained from the process. Essays based on comparison and contrast can be developed in two ways: 1. 2. Vertical Movement: You can group the main ideas about Subject A in one paragraph or section and the main ideas about Subject B in the next paragraph or section. Horizontal movement: You can treat corresponding ideas on Subject A and Subject B as pairs and compare or contrast them one after the other, in successive paragraphs. In the vertical pattern, you present one single subject and all its points of comparison before you move on to do the same for the second subject. But in the horizontal pattern, you present both subjects under one point of comparison or contrast before moving on to the next point. Whether you choose the ‘vertical’ or the ‘horizontal’ pattern depends on the kind of text you are writing, itspurpose or your own preference. Generally speaking, the vertical patternis sometimes favored because of its relative simplicity, since it developseach subject completely without interruption. The horizontal pattern isfavored sometimes because each paragraph repeatedly reminds the readersof the comparison or contrast relationship; it is therefore more suitablefor longer pieces of writing. Both patterns are commonly used in descriptions involving comparison and contrast. Cause and Effect In this type of essay, the writers discuss the relationship between something that happens and its consequences, or between certain actionsand their results. Cause-effect essays can be informative and insightful. Generally speaking, there are two ways of writing cause-effect essays.The first is called the Focus-on-Cause method, in which the writer focuseson the causes of something. The second is called Focus-on-Effect method,in which the writer emphasizes the effects or results of a cause. Essays that use the Focus-on-Cause method answer the question “Why does something happen?” And essays that us e the Focus-on-Effect method answerthe question “What happens when ...?” Sample Essay （Exposition）Hypocrisy When I was a little girl, my mother told me to wait forthe light to turn green before I crossed the street and to cross alwaysat the corner. This I did. Indeed, I was positive as a very young childthat I would get mashed like a potato if I even so much as stepped a footoff the sidewalk while the light burned red. I followed my mother’s adviceuntil I realized that she herself jaywalked constantly, dodging in and out of moving traff ic ― and pulling me with her. So after a while I followed her example and not her advice. My father told me never to cheat or steal and I remember my intense humiliation the day, only 6 years old, I received a public spanking for swiping three dimes from the windowsill where they had been left by a visiting uncle. Yet my father pushed me under the turnstile to get into the subway and got me into the movies for half fare, way after I was old enough to pay full price. And my mother continually brought home reams of stationery and other supplies lifted from the offices where she worked. Both my parents exacted severe punishment for lying and yet I knew, in time, that they lied to me and to each other and to others when, presumably, they felt the occasion warranted it. And this was just part of the story. But hypocrisy about sex, about race relations, about religion, took me a longer time to see. I was out of high school before that picture began to pull together. Understanding didn’t devastate me because I had begun to absorb the knowledge little by little, through the years. By the time I was 18 or 19 I guess I was both old enough to understand and strong enough to face what I saw. And I could face it because I learned my parents were not unusu al. Most everybody’s parents were the same. And we, my friends and I, did come to take it for granted. Parents were that way. Older people were that way. The word for what we found out about our parents’ generationwas hypocrisy. And most of us accepted it as part of life ― as the waythings were. ― Lynn Minton, “Double Vision” Additional Work I.Idiom Studies III. Reading Appreciation II. Vocabulary Expansion IV.Translation of Proverbs Choose a suitable idiom from the listgiven below to fill in each blank in the following sentences. Make changeswhen necessary. I. Idiom Studies a dog in the manger let the cat out ofthe bag swan song fish in troubled waters the only fly in the ointmentcry crocodile tears a sitting duck a white elephant talk turkey buy a pigin a poke 1. 2. 3. 4. All the tickets have been sold for the elderlysinger’s performance in London this week ― the public clearly believethat this will be her . The young couple enjoyedtheir holiday in Paris very much; was the bad weather ― it rained nearly every day. The car we bought lastyear is a ; it uses a lot of petrol andbreaks down again and again. He’sreally ― even though he doesn’thave a car he won’t let anyone else use his empty garage. swan song_________ the only fly in the ointment ______________________ a whiteelephant ______________ a dog in the manger ________________ 4. 5.“If you compliment someone, they’ll assume you love them only for their achievement; this will cause them to feel under unfair pressure to liveup to your expectations.” Some feel that this is a reason not to verballyaffirm their children. If you commend Johnny for getting an A in math, it’s feared, he’ll associate your love with getting good grades. He’ll then feel insecure if he doesn’t produce top marks in the future. “Compliments don’t need to be verbalized.” Others will know you appreciate them simply by your actions. At most, an occasional or veiled compliment is all that should be needed to keep someone feeling affirmed. Firmly Affirmed There is certainly an element of truth to each of these objections. We each are expected to do our duty whe ther we’re praised for it or not. There are times when compliments amount to flattery or adulation that should only be directed to God. Too 6. “Praise is due to God alone.” To compliment someone is to give them commendation that God alone deserves. Since no one can achieve anything worthwhile apart from God’s help, we dishonor him by praising someone for their accomplishment. We imply that they achieved success by their own effort rather than by God’s grace. much praise may cause another’s ego to swell, or lead them to think that they now have to live up to certain expectations that we have. Yet to adopt a philosophy of never complimenting others, or doing so only sparingly, because of any of these reasons, is to take the truth to an unfortunate extreme. It’s to ignore that fact that God has created us humans with a substantial and ongoing need for affirmation. An important part of how we experience his grace and commendation is through encouragement from people ― particularly from other Christians,who are Christ’s body on this earth. It’s to this end that Paul commands in Romans 12:10, “outdo one another in showing honor.” Thisis the only place in the New Testament where we’re told to strive to outdoeach other in some way! Paul’s point is that we should give considerable attention to building each other up through giving compliments. Thebody of Christ should be marked by an unusually strong atmosphere of affirmation. For this to occur, though, compliments need to be verbalized. It’s not enough to assume that others know we appreciate themeven though we don’t say as much in words. I remember a long seminar Ionce gave where the sponsor afterwards merely thanked me but had nothing affirming to say to me about the weekend. I assumed from his silence thathe must have taken offense at something I’d said, or that he didn’t thinkmy teaching had been effective. It was only several years later that Ifound the event had been an important turning point in his life: it simply wasn’t his nature to express compliments outwardly. Most of ushave enough critical self-talk going on within us that we assume othersare disappointed in what we’ve done unless they expressly say otherwise. For most of us, too, it’s not enough for compliments mer ely to be occasional. Charlie Shedd has likened our need for affirmation to a tirewith a slow leak, which though pumped up at night must be blown up againthe next day. His point is that yesterday’s compliments don’t sufficefor today. We have an ongoing need for affirmation, and initialcompliments need to be followed up with reminders. Giving Others CreditThat They Can Handle But what about the objection that complimenting someone will make them think you only appreciate them fortheir achievemen t? Here I believe we have to give people credit ― evensmall children ― that they can discern whether our love is merely tiedto what we’re commending them for, or that we’re complimenting them because we love them and want them to feel encouraged. If the latter is true, then we shouldn’t fear that our praise will make them think theyhave to act a certain way in order to merit our love. It’s more likelythat our affirmation will have a freeing effect on them: they’ll be relieved to know they don’t have to strive endlessly and futilely to achieve our praise. Consider those intriguing instances in the Gospels where Jesus commends individuals for their faith ― telling someone he healed, for instance, that their faith had made them well. He actually paid these people a profound compliment by affirming their faith. Take the example of the woman with the hemorrhage, who was healed after pressing through a huge crowd and touching Jesus’ robe Mark 5:2434 .Jesus did her an extraordinary service merely by healing her. While sheowed him plenty of praise, he didn’t owe her any compliment at all. Iteven would have been appropriate for him to say, “The power of God has healed you, even though you were unworthy of receiving it.” Yet instead,he declared to her ― in front of all those standing around them ―“Your faith has healed you” Mark 5:34 . In effect, I believe he was saying, “Your confidence in God, and your tenacity in persisting to find an answer to your problem in spite of so many setbacks, have played a vital role in your healing. You are to be congratulated!” I’m certain that Jesus’ affirming the faith of sick people who sought his help often had as great a healing effect on them as the actual physical cures that he brought. Yes, there is risk involved in giving compliments. Yet usually the risk is greater in refraining, since we may lose a golden opportunity for extending the love of Christ to someone who needs it. I might add that the loss is not only to others spiritual and emotional health but to our own, for some of the greatest joy we can know as Christians comes from the experience of affirming others. I can’t help but wonder if this was part of what Jess had in mind when he said, “It is more blessed to give than to receive.” Notes to Further Reading Blaine Smith: a missionary that serves in American Presbyterian Church and author for The Optimism Factor： Outrageous Faith Against the Odds 1994 , Overcoming Shyness 1993 , Knowing God’s Will: Biblical Principles of Guidance 1979 , Should I Get Married 1990 She can count on the fingers of one hand the number of times the supervisor of the small social service agency where she works has given her a genuine compliment： She finds her supervisor seldom compliments her on her work. Since a hand has only five fingers, this means her supervisor has complimented her fewer than fivetimes. Usually this expression is used to complain about ill treatment, neglect, or abuse by another person. Notes to Further Reading who are Christ’s bod y on this earth: Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the incarnation of God, walking on earth. By extension, all Christian believers on earth are God-like. Notes to Further Reading It’s to this end that Paul commands in Romans 12:10, “outdo one anothe r in showing honor”: It Is for this reason Paul in New Testament chapter “Romans” verse 12:10 tells his audience to compete with and outdo each other in performing Christian acts of respect and kindness to each other. Paul was an intelligent and popular di sciple of Christ’s teachings. Notes to Further Reading Most of us have enough critical self-talk: Most people are very self-critical. Notes to Further Reading Paraphrase of Difficult Sentences ... who gives herself relentlessly to the needs of others. who tries her best to serve the needs of others Christians are not to stoop to flattery. Christians should not debase themselves to receive flattery. Paraphrase of Difficult Sentences The body of Christ should be marked by an unusually strong atmosphere of affirmation. The body of Christ should be very willing to give others affirmation. Paraphrase of Difficult Sentences Most of us have enough critical self-talk going on within us that we assume others are disappointed in what we’ve done unless they expressly say otherwise. Most of us are so self-critical that we may think others are disappointed in what we’ve done if they don’tsay clearly that they really appreciate our work. Paraphrase of Difficult Sentences Main Idea of Further Reading In Further Reading, BlaineSmith urges us to give people enough affirmation for what they have doneas every one has a need for verbal compliments. He explores the reasonswhy some people refrain from giving compliments. Finally he cites fromthe Bible to show that as Christians some of the greatest joy comes fromthe experience of affirming others. Idiom studies 1. a dog in the manger a person who prevents others from enjoying something he does notuse or need 占马槽的狗；占着茅坑不拉屎的人 2. shed/cry crocodiletears shed false tears, show phony sadness 流鳄鱼的眼泪；猫哭耗子假慈悲 3. let the cat out of the bag reveal a secret carelesslyor by mistake 泄露秘密，露马脚 4. a sitting duck a person whois an easy target or easily attacked 容易击中的目标；易受攻击的人 5.swan song a farewell or final appearance, action, or work; the beautiful legendary song sung only once by a swan in its lifetime,as it is dying from the belief that the swan sings as it dies 绝唱；告别演出；最后的作品 6. white elephant a possession that is useless and often expensive to maintain 用而不值得保留的东西；大而无用的东西 7. fish in troubled waters： try to gain advantage for oneself from a disturbed state of affairs 浑水摸鱼 8. talk turkey talk frankly and bluntly 坦率地交谈 9. the only fly in the ointment a person or thing that spoils an otherwise satisfactory situation 令人扫兴的人（或事）；唯一美中不足之处 10. buy a pig in a poke buy sth. without seeing it or knowing if it is satisfactory 隔山买老牛；（未曾过目或不分好坏地）乱买东西Exercises I. Comprehension Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Is Sandra happy about her job? What is her problem? What are the reasons listed for not giving compliments? What does the author say to dismiss the first reason for never complimenting others as unwarranted? What does the author say about the reason that complimenting someone will make them think you only appreciate them for their achievement? What, according to the author, is the risk of refraining from complimenting other people? II. Topics for Discussion 1.2. 3. The writer lists six reasons for not giving compliments. To what extent do you find them warranted or unwarranted? To what extent do you share Paul’s point that we should give considerable attention to building each other up through giving compliments? There is, according to the author, a fear in some people that compliments might amount to flattery. How do you strike a balance between compliments and flattery? Essay Writing: Overview The papers that you write in most college courses are essays ― nonfiction compositions in which a limited topic is analyzed or interpreted. An essay shows the writer’s personal view or subjective understanding of a topic. Unlike a journalism article, which objectively reports an event, or a lab report, which precisely details an experiment, an essay offers the writer’s view from his/her personalangle. As a successful essay is usually developed through a process of several important steps or stages of writing, in this unit we are first going to present you with an overview of essay writing and then will set about introducing the steps in the writing process in chronological order. Types of Essays An essay is a short collection of paragraphs that presents facts, opinions, and ideas on a certain topic. There is always a purpose in an essay: to inform, to entertain, to instruct, to inspire, or to persuade. And these purposes may overlap sometimes. Since the topics of essays vary a great deal, there are many different ways to write essays. The method that a writer chooses is based on the topic of the essay and the kind of essay that he or she believes will present that topic in the best way. Depending on the topic, the purpose and the audience, essays are generally divided into four types: narrative, descriptive, argumentative, and expository. Narrative: Descriptive: Expository: Argumentative: A narrative essay tells a story by relating a sequence of events. A descriptive essay uses details and images to depict a scene, an event, a person, an object, or an atmosphere. An expository essay informs, explains, or analyzes and gives the readers information to help them understand the world. An argumentative essay attempts to persuadea reader to take some action or to convince a reader to accept your position on a debatable issue. However, the boundaries among these four types of essays are not always strict or rigid. And it’s very possiblethat a good writer will use more than one kind of writing in an essay. For example, you might use a descriptive or a short narrative passage in an argumentative essay. Development Strategies for Essays As an essay is composed of multiple paragraphs, the same paragraph development strategies can be adopted within one essay, such as paragraph developing through examples and details, comparison and contrast, analogy, classification, cause and effect, definition, and/or process. In fact, a combination of these strategies is often used within a single essay. Moreover, the principles of paragraph writing apply equally to essay writing. Just as a paragraph has a topic sentence that expresses its main idea, an essay has a thesis statement that states and narrows the writer’s purpose. Also like a paragraph, an essay should be unified and coherent, with every part clearly related to the idea expressed in the thesis statement. And both paragraphs and essays require thorough supporting details and/or explanations to fulfill their purposes. Structure of an Essay A typical assigned college essay is between 500 and 750 words. However, no matter what the length of an essay is, it always follows a general pattern that includes three basic parts: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. The introduction presents the thesis statement, usually at the end of the paragraph. The purpose of the introduction is to arouse the reader’s interest and establish or define the territory the essay will cover. The body is made up of several paragraphs, each。
研究生英语综合教程(下)Unit 2
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Starting out—Task 1
8. Which of the following is essentially an indoor sport? A. Cricket. B. Gymnastics. C. Golf.
Key: B
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Starting out—Task 1
3. What are the three most popular sports in the United States?
A. Football, baseball, and basketball. B. Football, soccer, and basketball. C. Football, hockey, and basketball.
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Starting out
Task 1 Take the quiz on Page 32 and learn more about sports.
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Starting out—Task 1
1. In what year were women first allowed to compete in the Olympic Games? A. 1800. B. 1850. C. 1900.
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Starting out—Task 2
4. Wimbledon Pays Equal Prize Money
Sample:
The Wimbledon Championships will offer women and men equal prize money at this year’s tournament for the first time.
英语综合Unit 2
Reading More – Vocabulary in Action
1. The congenial quaintness of the street market, in fact, draws directly on globalization. pleasant “congenial” means ________ in the sentence. 2. Non-French cooks have cracked the codes of the best French cuisine. “crack” means _____________ in the sentence. understand
Cuisine in China is a harmonious 1) __________ of color, integration taste, shape and fragrance. For the cooking process, chefs pick 2) _______ and varied ingredients and seasonings and employ choice the unparalleled and complicated skills 3) _______ down from handed their fathers, always 4) ________ to their ideal of perfection for aspiring all the senses. Among the many cooking methods they use are boiling, stewing, braising, frying, 5) _________ , crisping, ________ steaming baking, simmering.
研究生英语综合教程unit 2
E.g. 1. The constitution embodies the ideals of equality and freedom.
宪法体现了平等、自由的理想。
2. The new edition embodies many improvements.
新版有许多改进之处。
abuse
[ə′bju:z]
detrimental
[detri′mentl] (sometimes followed by ‘to’) causing harm or injury; damaging to career and reputation; 有害的, 不利的
Synonyms:
harmful; injurious; prejudicial E.g. 1. Smoking is detrimental to health.
facet [′fæsit]
1.(宝石或首饰的)小平面 2.(事物的)面, 方面 Synonyms: aspect; side; phase
E.g.
1. A flat facet cut across the top of a precious stone.
在一颗宝石的顶部切出的平面
2. He has perfected himself in every facet of his job.
condominium
[kɔndə′miniəm] A condominium, or "condo" for short, is an apartment that is owned by the occupant, not the building owners.
(产权为居住者自有的)公寓(的单元)
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Байду номын сангаас
Traditional Chinese Food
豆浆 Soybean milk
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Traditional Chinese Food
臭豆腐 Stinky （smelly）tofu
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Traditional Chinese Food
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Chinese cooking methods
•煮
• boil
•蒸
• steam
•煎
• fry
•炒
• fry
•炸
• fry
•炖
• stew（文火炖）
• braise（炖，焖）
• simmer（慢慢煮，煨）
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Chinese cooking methods
braise, stew, simmer的区别：
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Chinese spices调味品
• 料酒 •醋 • 酱油 • 辣椒粉 • 花椒 • 香油 •…
• Cooking wine • Vinegar • Soy sauce • Chili pepper/ powder • Prickly ash seed • Sesame [ˈsesəmi] oil •…
• To understand French cuisines [kwɪˈzi:n] 美食and the factors that caused the decline of French cuisine in Reading More.
• To translate attributive clauses (2).
UNIT 2 ART OF THE TABLE
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Objectives of Unit 2
• To understand culinary delights in China（中国美食） in Reading Focus.
• To introduce some Chinese dishes and tell the stories about their names.
火锅 Hot pot
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Traditional Chinese Food
皮蛋 lime-preserved egg/Chinese preserved egg/preserved duck egg
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Traditional Chinese Food
饺子 boiled dumpling
• simmer 煨
• 1.慢慢地沸腾，使（液体）的温度维持在沸点或稍低于沸点的温度;
• 2. 用在熬汤，就是用汤在煮食材，把食材的味道熬进汤里。
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Traditional Chinese Food
烧饼
Clay oven rolls/
sesa学m习交e流sPPeTed cake
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Traditional Chinese Food
• braise 炖，用于大块食材， 液体不完全cover。
例如：红烧蹄膀/肘子 braised tendon[ˈtendən] with brown sauce
• stew 文火炖，跟braise接近， 食材小，液体全cover。
例如：红烧肉 stewed pork with brown sauce
Reading Focus – Global Understanding
① Introduction (Para. 1): popularity
2
Local Chinese cuisines
(Paras. 2-5)
3
Every dish has a story (Paras. 6-11)
Take Sichuan cuisine as an example, we use many spices（调味 品）, for example, Chinese prickly ash seeds(花椒） and chili pepper/ powder （辣椒粉）to make dishes very spicy（香辣的） and flavorful.
• To grasp some important words and phrases, including the ones of Chinese dietary culture.
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Starting out
Chinese cuisine（中国美食） originated from various regions of China and has become widespread in many parts of the world. There are great cultural differences among the different regions of China, giving rise to the different styles of food. Traditionally, there are eight main regional cuisines or Eight Cuisines(八大菜系） coming from Anhui（徽）, Guangdong(粤）, Fujian（闽）, Hunan（湘）, Jiangsu（苏）, Shandong（鲁）, Sichuan（川） and Zhejiang（浙）provinces.
• D. Wrap fillings up
• E. Put meat or eggs, vegetables and spices together
• Order: C-E-A-D-B
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Reading Focus
Culinary Delights in China
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包子 steamed dumpling
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How is it prepared?
• Procedure: The correct order?
• A. Roll dough into round pieces of wrapping
• B. Boil, steam, fry…
• C. Knead dough [ dəʊ ]（揉面）