2012年春季四级讲义阅读答案
2012年12月大学英语四级快速阅读真题及答案
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) Why Integrity Matters What is Integrity? "Integrity" is defined as "adherence to moral and ethical principles; honesty." The key to integrity is consistency--not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those standards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation. What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappointed in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals. Risky Business We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the future. Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense. "But Everybody Does It" Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they’re taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making--and that leads to bad decisions. To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself. Evaluating Risks To decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must examine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The consequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; Suspension or Dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give others the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this category. Getting Away With It--Or Not Those who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would have failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." This slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that works. Cheating Hurts Others, Too Cheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have aprofound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from across the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on others." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree. Why Integrity Matters If cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist--the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education. In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live. 1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _______. A) sticks to them in their daily life B) makes them known to others C) understands their true values D)sees that others also follow them 2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships? A) It helps to create team spirit B) It facilitates communication C) It is the basis of mutual trust D) It inspires mutual respect 3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take? A. To ensure we make responsible choices. B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress. C. so that we don’t break any rules. D. so that we don’t run into trouble. 4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _______? A. it has caused no harm. B. it is claimed to be unintentional. C. it has gone unnoticed. D. it is committed with good intentions. 5. What should one do if he doesn’t wish to fool himself? A. Avoid making excuses. B. Listen to other people’s advice. C. Make his intensions public. D. Have others watch over his shoulder. 6. Those who take risks they regret later on _______. A. will often become more cautious B. are usually very aggressive C. value immediate benefits most. D. may lose everything in the end 7. According to the author, a cheater who doesn’t get caught right away will _______. A) pay more dearly B) become more confident C) be widely admired D) feel somewhat lucky 8. Cheaters at exam don’t care about their education, all they care about is how to _______ 9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on people’s _______ 10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of _______.。
2012年英语四级答案 全部答案 完美
范文：Education Pays, published every three years, presents detailed evidence of the private an d public benefits of higher education. It also sheds light on the distribution of these benefi ts by examining both the increases and the persistent disparities in college participation a nd completion. In the three years between the publication of Education Pays 2007 and Ed ucation Pays 2010, median earnings for four-year college graduates increased more rapidl y than those of high school graduates and the gap between the unemployment rates of th e two groups grew. In addition to earnings comparisons, the report documents differences in lifestyles, health, and other outcomes for people with and without college education. Dif ferences in enrollment and completion patterns across demographic groups highlight the r eality that gaps in educational attainment are explained by a combination of money and ot her factors.快速阅读卷一题目The Magician 这篇1.showman2.she started3.he keen4.one5.an inspire6.he command7.many8.closed and inflexiblebined 10.putting a diny in the universe快速阅读二1、soil erosion2、The protection3、plant and animal.4、Because they can help5、Because of human6、the conservation of7、increase species8、the likelihood of soil erosion, landslides and floods9、the forest is key to many of the planet's natural cycle, such as carbon and water cycles快速阅读三1, a, ensuring no child is left behind。
2012年英语四级阅读真题及答案解析(12月).
2012年英语四级阅读真题及答案解析（12月）Part II (15 minutes)1、根据以下内容，回答1-11题。
The Magician The revolution that Steve Jobs led is only just beginning． When it came to putting on a show,nobody else in the computer industry,or any other industry for that matter，could match Steve Jobs．His product launches，at which he would stand alone on a black stage and produce as if by magic an“incredible”new electronic gadget(小器具)in front of an amazed crowd，were the peril,rmances of a master showman．All computers do is fetch and work with numbers，he once exp lained，but do it fast enough and “the results appear to be magic”．Mr．Jobs，who died recently aged 56，spenthis life packaging that magic into elegantly designed，easy-to-use products． The reaction to his death，with people leaving candles and flowers outside Apple stores and politicians singing praises on the internet，is proof that Mr．Jobs had become something much more significant than just a clever money-maker．He stood out in three ways-as a technologist，as a corporate(公司的)leader and as somebody who was able to make people love what had previously been impersonal，functional gadgets．Strangely,it is this last qualitythat may have the deepest effect on the way people live．The era of personal technology is in many ways just beginning． As a technologist，Mr．Jobs was different because he was not an engineer-and that was his great strength．Instead he was keenly interested in product design and aesthetics(关学)，and in making advanced technology simple to use．He repeatedly took an existing but half-formed idea-the mouse-driven computer,the digital musicplayer,the smart phone，the tablet computer(平板电脑)-and showed the rest of the industry how to do it properly．Rival firms competed with each other to follow where he led. In the process he brought about great changes in computing，music，telecoms and the news businessthat were painful for existing firms but welcomed by millions of consumers．Within the wider business world，a man who liked to see himself as fl hippy(嬉皮士)，permanently in rev(It against big companies，ended up being hailed by many of those corporate giants as one of the greatest chief executives of his time．That was partly due to his talents：showmanship，strategic vision，an astonishing attention to detailand，a dictatorial management style which many bosses must have envied，But most of all it was the extraordinary trajectory(轨迹)of his life．His fall from grace in the 1980s followed by his return to Apple in l 996 after a period in the wilderness，is an inspiration to any business sperson whose career has taken a turn for the worse．The way in which Mr．Jobs revived the failing company he had co—founded and turned it into the world’s biggest tech firm (bigger even thanBill Gates’sMicrosoft，the company that had outsmarted Apple so-dramatically in the l980s)，sounds like something from a Hollywood movie． But what was perhaps most astonishing about Mr．Jobs was the absolute loyalty he managed to inspire in customers．Many Apple users feel themselves to be part of a community，with Mr．Jobs as its leader．And there was indeed a personal link．Apple’s products were designed to accord with the boss，s tastes and to meet his extremely high standards．Every iPhone or MacBook has his fingerprints all over it．H is great achievement was to combine an emotional spark with computer technology,and make the resulting product feel personal．And that is what put Mr．Jobs on the right side of history,as technological innovation(创新)has moved into consumer electronics over the past decade. As our special report in this issue(printed before Mr．Jobs’s death)explains，innovation used to spill over from military and corporate laboratories to the consumer market，but lately this process has gone into reverse．Many people’s homes now have more powerful，and more flexible，devices than their offices do；consumer gadgets and online services are smarter and easier to use than most companies’ systems．Familiar consumer products are being adopted by businesses，government and the armed forces．Companies are employing in．house versions of Facebook and creating their own“app stores”to deliver software to employees．Doctors use tablet computers for their work in hospitals．Meanwhile，the number of consumers hungry for such gadgets continues to swell．Apple’s products are now being snapped up in Delhi and Dalian just as in Dublin and Dallas． Mr．Jobs had a reputation as a control freak(怪人)，and hiscritics complained that the products and systems he designed were closed and inflexible，in the name of greater ease of use.Yet he also empowered millions of people by giving them access to cutting-edge technology. His insistence onputting users first，and focusing on elegance and simplicity，has become deep。
历届大学英语四级阅读理解真题及答案
历届大学英语四级阅读理解真题及答案2014年上半年大学英语四级考试已经结束了半年多了，马上就要迎来12月20日的考试了。
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希望能对你有所帮助!Section AQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.French fries, washed down with a pint of soda, are a favorite part of fast-food lunches and dinners for millions of American youngsters. But 47 a cue from health experts, a group of 19 restaurant companies are pledging to offer more-healthful menu options for children at a time when 48 is growing over the role of fast food in childhood obesity(肥胖症).Burger King, the nation’s second-largest fast food chain, for instance, will 49 automatically including French fries and soda in its kids’ me als starting this month, although they will still be 50. Instead, the company said Tuesday, its employees will ask parents whether they 51 such options as milk or sliced apples before assembling the meals.“We’re asking the customers to 52 what they want,” said Craig Prusher, the chain’s vice president of government relations. Other participating chains, with a 53 of menu options, including Denny’s, Chili’s, Friendly’s and Chevy’s.As part of the Kids Live Well campaign-expected to be announced 54 Wednesday—participating restaurants must promise to offer at least one children’s meal that has fewer than 600 calories(卡路里), no soft drinks and at least two 55 from the following food groups: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins or low-fat dairy. Among other requirements, they mustoffer a side dish that meets similar 56, with fewer than 200 calories and less than 35%of its calories from sugar.A) adapt I) preferB) available J) recommendingC) begin K) speciesD) concern L) specifyE) criteria M) stopF) items N) takingG) nationwide O) varietyH) possibleSection BPassage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.As you are probably aware, the latest job markets news isn’t good: Unemployment is still more than 9 percent, and new job growth has fallen close to zero. That’s bad for the economy, of course. And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now. But it actually shouldn’t matter to you nearly as much as you think.That’s because job growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much as job turnover (人员更替) data. After all, existing jobs open up every day due to promotions, resignations, terminations(解雇), and retirements. (Yes, people are retiring even in this economy.) In both good times and bad, turnover creates more openings than economic growth does. Even in June of 2007, when the economy was still moving ahead, job growth was only 132,000, while turnover was 4.7 million!And as it turns out, even today — with job growth near zero — over 4 million job hunters are being hired every month.I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t havean impact on one’s ability to land a job. It’s true that if total employment were higher, it would mean more jobs for all of us to choose from (and compete for). And it’s true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening, re gardless of whether it’s a new one or not.But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t is their ability to stay motivated. They’re willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills; be creative about where and how to look; learn how to present themselves to potential employers; and keep going, even after repeated rejections. The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up. Four million people get hired every month in the U.S. You can be one of them.57. The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ______.A) deprives many people of job opportunitiesB) prevents many people from changing careersC) should not stop people from looking for a jobD) does not mean the U.S. economy is worsening58. Where do most job openings come from?A) Job growth. C) Improved economy.B) Job turnover. D)Business expansion.59. What does the author say about overall job growth?A) It doesn’t have much effect on individual job seekers.B) It increases people’s confidence in the economy.C) It gives a ray of hope to the unemployed.D) I t doesn’t mean greater job security for the employed.60. What is the key to landing a job according to the author?A) Education. C) Persistence.B) Intelligence. D) Experience.61. What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the U.S.?A) They clearly indicate how healthy the economy is.B) They provide the public with the latest information.C) They warn of the structural problems in the economy.D) They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors —or doesn’t it?While such vigilant(警觉的)tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it’s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.In many cases, screening can lead to surgeries to remove cancer, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients’ remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so deep-rooted that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups.It’s hard to uproot deeply held beliefs ab out cancerscreening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy(预期寿命).A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening- especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population.It’s not an easy calcu lation to make, but one that makes sense for all patients. Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering screening tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational use of health care.”That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.62. Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?A) It is believed to contribute to long life.B) It is part of their health care package.C) The elderly are more sensitive about their health.D) The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.63. How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?A) It adds too much to their medical bills.B) It helps increase their life expectancy.C) They are doubtful about its necessity.D) They think it does more harm than good.64. What is the conventional view about women screening for breast cancer?A) It applies to women over 50. C) It is optional for young women.B) It is a must for adult women. D) It doesn’t apply to women over 74.65. Why do many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer?A) They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.B) They want to take advantage of the medical care system.C) They want data for medical research.D) They want their patients to suffer less.66. What does the author say is the general view about health care?A) The more, the better. C) Better early than late.B) Prevention is better than cure. D) Better care, longer life.以上就是【www.】小编为您精心推荐的2012年12月大学英语四级阅读理解真题及答案，希望能对你有所帮助!还要更多精彩英语资料尽在本网，欢迎大家访问!。
2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案
2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education Pays based on the statistics provided in the chart below（Unemployment rate in 2010）. Please give a brief description of the chart first and then make comments on it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension （30 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.1. ［A］He needs another week for the painting.［B］The painting was completed just in time.［C］The building won’t open until next week.［D］His artistic work has been well received.2. ［A］Go camping.［B］Rent a tent.［C］Decorate his house.［D］Organize a party.3. ［A］She talked with Mr. Wright on the phone.［B］She is about to call Mr. Wright’s secretary.［C］She will see Mr. Wright at lunch time.［D］She failed to reach Mr. Wright.4. ［A］He is actually very hardworking.［B］He has difficulty finishing his project.［C］He needs to spend more time in the lab.［D］He seldom tells the truth about himself.5. ［A］Rules restricting smoking. ［C］Smokers’ health problems.［B］Ways to quit smoking. ［D］Hazards of passive smoking.6. ［A］He is out of town all morning. ［C］He has been writing a report.［B］He is tied up in family matters. ［D］He has got meetings to attend.7. ［A］He is not easy-going. ［C］He is not at home this weekend.［B］He is the speakers’ boss. ［D］He seldom invites people to his home.8. ［A］Take a break.［B］Refuel his car.［C］Ask the way.［D］Have a cup of coffee.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. ［A］They are as good as historical films. ［C］They have greatly improved.［B］They give youngsters a thrill. ［D］They are better than comics on film. 10. ［A］The effects were very good. ［C］The plot was too complicated.［B］The acting was just so-so. ［D］The characters were lifelike.11. ［A］They triumphed ultimately over evil in the battle.［B］They played the same role in War of the Worlds.［C］They are popular figures among young people.［D］They are two leading characters in the film.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. ［A］It is scheduled on Thursday night. ［C］It takes place once a week.［B］It is supposed to last nine weeks. ［D］It usually starts at six.13. ［A］To make good use of her spare time in the evening.［B］To meet the requirements of her in-service training.［C］To improve her driving skills as quickly as possible.［D］To get some basic knowledge about car maintenance.14. ［A］Participate in group discussions. ［C］Listen to the teacher’s explanation.［B］Take turns to make presentations. ［D］Answer the teacher’s questions.15. ［A］Most of them are female. ［C］They plan to buy a new car.［B］Some have a part-time job. ［D］A few of them are old chaps.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. ［A］She is not good at making friends. ［C］She enjoys company.［B］She is not well off. ［D］She likes to go to concerts alone.17. ［A］Their similar social status. ［C］Their common interest.［B］Their interdependence. ［D］Their identical character.18. ［A］Invite Pat to a live concert. ［C］Help take care of Pat’s kids.［B］Buy some gifts for Pat’s kids. ［D］Pay for Pat’s season tickets.19. ［A］It can develop between people with a big difference in income.［B］It can be maintained among people of different age groups.［C］It cannot last long without similar family background.［D］It cannot be sustained when friends move far apart.Passage TwoQuestions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. ［A］Priority of students’ academic achievements.［B］Equal education opportunities to all children.［C］Social equality between teachers and students.［D］Respect for students’ individuality.21. ［A］Efficient.［B］Complicated.［C］Lengthy.［D］Democratic.22. ［A］To help them acquire hands-on experience.［B］To try to cut down its operational expenses.［C］To provide part-time jobs for needy students.［D］To enable them to learn to take responsibility.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. ［A］The best way to work through a finger maze.［B］Individuals doing better in front of an audience.［C］Researchers having contributed greatly to psychology.［D］Improvements on the classification of human behavior.24. ［A］When you feel encouraged by the audience.［B］When you try to figure out a confusing game.［C］When you already know how to do something.［D］When you complete with other people in a group.25. ［A］Practicing constantly.［B］Working by oneself.［C］Learning by doing.［D］Using proven methods.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the secondtime, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Americans today have different eating habits than they had in the past. There is a wide （26）__________ of food available. They have a broader knowledge of nutrition （营养）, so they buy more fresh fruit and vegetables than ever before. At the same time, Americans （27）__________ increasing quantities of sweets and sodas.Statistics show that the way people live （28）__________ the way they eat. American lifestyles have changed. There are now growing numbers of people who live alone, （29）__________ parents and children, and double-income families. These changing lifestyles are responsible for the increasing number of people who must rush meals or sometimes simply （30）__________ them. Many Americans have less time than ever before to spend preparing food. （31）__________ as a consequence of this limited time, over half of all American homes now have microwave ovens. Moreover, Americans eat out nearly four times a week （32）__________.It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people （33）__________. The United States Department of Agriculture and the food industry collect sales statistics and （34）__________. This information not only tells us what people are eating, but also tells us about the changes in attitudes and tastes. Red meat, which used to be the most popular choice for dinner, is no longer an American （35）__________. Instead, chicken, turkey, and fish have become more popular. Sales of these foods have greatly increased in recent years.Part III Reading Comprehension （40minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.French fries, washed down with a pint of soda, are a favorite part of fast-food lunches and dinners for millions of American youngsters. But ___36___ a cue from health experts, a group of 19 restaurant companies are pledging to offer more-healthful menu options for children at a time when ___37___ is growing over the role of fast food in childhood obesity （肥胖症）.Burger King, the nation’s second-largest fast food chain, for instance, will ___38___ automatically including French fries and soda in its kids’ meals starting this month, although they will still be ___39___. Instead, the company said Tuesday, its employees will ask parents whether they ___40___ such options as milk or sliced apples before assembling the meals.”We’re asking the customers to ___41___ what they want,”said Craig Prusher, the chain’s vice president of government relations. Other participating chains, with a ___42___ of menu options, including Denny’s, Chili’s, Friendly’s and Chevy’s.As part of the Kids Live Well campaign—expected to be announced ___43___ Wednesday—participating restaurants must promise to offer at least one children’s meal that has fewer than 600 calories （卡路里）, no soft drinks and at least two ___44___ from the following food groups:fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins or low-fat dairy. Among other requirements, they must offer a side dish that meets similar ___45___, with fewer than 200 calories and less than 35% of its calories from sugar.［A］adapt ［D］concern ［G］nationwide ［J］recommending ［M］stop ［B］available ［E］criteria ［H］possible ［K］species ［N］taking［C］begin ［F］items ［I］prefer ［L］specify［O］varietySection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Seven Ways to Save the WorldA） Forget the old idea that conserving energy is a form of self-denial—riding bicycles, dimming the lights, and taking fewer showers. These days conservation is all about efficiency: getting the same—or better—results from just a fraction of the energy. When a slump in business travel forced Ulrich Ramer to cut costs at his family-owned hotel in Germany, he replaced hundreds of the hotel’s wasteful light bulbs, getting the same light for 80 percent less power. He bought a new water boiler with a digitally controlled pump, and wrapped insulation around the pipes. Spending about 100,000 on these and other improvements, he slashed his 90,000 fuel and power bill by 60,000. As a bonus, the hotel’s lower energy needs have reduced its annual carbon emissions by more than 200 metric tons. “For us, saving energy has been very, very profitable,”he says. “And most importantly, we’re not giving up a single comfort for our guests.”B） Efficiency is also a great way to lower carbon emissions and help slow global warming. But the best argument for efficiency is its cost—or, more precisely, its profitability. That’s because quickly growing energy demand requires immense investment in new supply, not to mention the drain of rising energy prices. The good news is that the world is full of proven, cheap ways to save energy. Here are the seven that could have the biggest impact:InsulateC）Space heating and cooling eats up 36 percent of all the world’s energy. There’s virtually no limit to how much of that can be saved, as prototype “zero-energy homes”in Switzerland and Germany have shown. There’s been a surge in new ways of keeping heat in and cold out （or vice versa）. The most advanced insulation follows the law of increasing returns: if you add enough, you can scale down or even eliminate heating and air-conditioning equipment, lowering costs even before you start saving on utility bills. Studies have shown that green workplaces （ones that don’t constantly need to have the heater or air-conditioner running）have higher worker productivity and lower sick rates.Change BulbsD）Lighting eats up 20 percent of the world’s electricity, or the equivalent of roughly 600,000 tons of coal a day. Forty percent of that powers old-fashioned incandescent light bulbs—a 19th-century technology that wastes most of the power it consumes on unwanted heat. Compactfluorescent lamps, or CFLs, not only use 75 to 80 percent less electricity than incandescent bulbs to generate the same amount of light, but they also last 10 times longer. Phasing old bulbs out by 2030 would save the output of 650 power plants and avoid the release of 700 million tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year.Comfort ZoneE）Water boilers, space heaters and air conditioners have been notoriously inefficient. The heat pump has altered that equation. It removes heat from the air outside or the ground below and uses it to supply heat to a building or its water supply. In the summer, the system can be reversed to cool buildings as well. Most new residential buildings in Sweden are already heated with ground-source heat pumps. Such systems consume almost no conventional fuel at all. Several countries have used subsidies to jump-start the market, including Japan, where almost 1 million heat pumps have been installed in the past two years to heat water for showers and hot tubs. Remake FactoriesF）From steel mills to paper factories, industry eats up about a third of the world’s energy. The opportunities to save are vast. In Ludwigshafen, German chemicals giant BASF runs an interconnected complex of more than 200 chemical factories, where heat produced by one chemical process is used to power the next. At the Ludwigshafen site alone, such recycling of heat and energy saves the company 200 million a year and almost half its CO2 emissions. Now BASF is doing the same for new plants in China. “Optimizing（优化）energy efficiency is a decisive competitive advantage,”says BASF CEO Jürgen Hambrecht.Green DrivingG）A quarter of the world’s energy—including two thirds of the annual production of oil—is used for transportation. Some savings come free of charge: you can boost fuel efficiency by 6 percent simply by keeping your car’s tires properly inflated（充气）. Gasoline-electric hybrid（混合型的）models like the Toyota Prius improve mileage by a further 20 percent over conventional models.A Better FridgeH）More than half of all residential power goes into running household appliances, producing a fifth of the world’s carbon emissions. And that’s true even though manufacturers have already hiked the efficiency of refrigerators and other white goods by as much as 70 percent since the 1980s. According to an International Energy Agency study, if consumers chose those models that would save them the most money over the life of the appliance, they’d cut global residential power consumption （and their utility bills）by 43 percent.Flexible PaymentI）Who says you have to pay for all your conservation investments? “Energy service contractors”will pay for retrofitting（翻新改造）in return for a share of the client’s annual utility-bill savings. In Beijing, Shenwu Thermal Energy Technology Co. specializes in retrofitting China’s steel furnaces. Shenwu puts up the initial investment to install a heat exchanger that preheats the air going into the furnace, slashing the client’s fuel costs. Shenwu pockets a cut of those savings, so both Shenwu and the client profit.J）If saving energy is so easy and profitable, why isn’t everyone doing it? It has to do with psychology and a lack of information. Most of us tend to look at today’s price tag more than tomorrow’s potential savings. That holds double for the landlord or developer, who won’t actually see a penny of the savings his investment in better insulation or a better heating system might generate. In many people’s minds, conservation is still associated with self-denial. Manyenvironmentalists still push that view.K）The most powerful incentives, of course, will come from the market itself. Over the past year, sky-high fuel prices have focused minds on efficiency like never before. Ever-increasing pressure to cut costs has finally forced more companies to do some math on their energy use. Will it be enough? With global demand and emissions rising so fast, we may not have any choice but to try. Efficient technology is here now, proven and cheap. Compared with all other options, it’s the biggest, easiest and most profitable bang for the buck.46. According to the research, a green workplace which doesn’t need to be constantly heated or air-conditioned, contributes to workers’ productivity and health.47. 36% of all the energy in the world has been consumed by space heating and cooling.48. As an unexpected result, over 200 metric tons of carbon emissions have been reduced thanks to the lower energy demands of the hotel every year.49. Compared with conventional models, such gasoline-electric mixed models as Toyota Prius show an increase in mileage by 20%.50. Just in Ludwigshafen, the company saves 200 million and about 50% of CO2 emissions every year by reusing heat and energy.51. It is well-known that, air conditioners, water boilers and space heaters have had a reputation for inefficiency.52. Every day 20% of the world’s electricity is used by lighting, which amounts to what burning about 600,000 tons of coal could generate.53. At last, under growing pressure, more companies have to budget carefully to reduce their energy consumption.54. Using domestic appliances eats up over 50% of all household power, which produces 20% of the world’s carbon emissions.55. Shenwu wins a share of those savings from the client’s fuel costs, which benefits both Shenwu and the client.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A）, B）, C）and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.As you are probably aware, the latest job markets news isn’t good: Unemployment is still more than 9 percent, and new job growth has fallen close to zero. That’s bad for the economy, of course. And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now. But it actually shouldn’t matter to you nearly as much as you think.That’s because job growth numbers don’t matter to job hunters as much as job turnover （人员更替）data. After all, existing jobs open up every day due to promotions, resignations, terminations（解雇）, and retirements. （Yes, people are retiring even in this economy.）In bothgood times and bad, turnover creates more openings than economic growth does. Even in June of 2007, when the economy was still moving ahead, job growth was only 132,000, while turnover was 4.7 million!And as it turns out, even today—with job growth near zero—over 4 million job hunters are being hired every month.I don’t mean to imply that overall job growth doesn’t have an impact on one’s ability to landa job. It’s true that if total employment were higher, it would mean more jobs for all of us to choose from (and compete for). And it’s true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening, regardless of whether it’s a new one or not.But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don’t is their ability to stay motivated. They’re willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills; be creative about where and how to look; learn how to present themselves to potential employers; and keep going, even after repeated rejections. The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn’t looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.So don’t let the headlines fool you into giving up. Four million people get hired every month in the U.S. You can be one of them.56. The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ______.［A］deprives many people of job opportunities［B］prevents many people from changing careers［C］should not stop people from looking for a job［D］does not mean the U.S. economy is worsening57. Where do most job openings come from?［A］Job growth. ［C］Improved economy.［B］Job turnover. ［D］Business expansion.58. What does the author say about overall job growth?［A］It doesn’t have much effect on individual job seekers.［B］It increases people’s confidence in the economy.［C］It gives a ray of hope to the unemployed.［D］It doesn’t mean greater job security for the employed.59. What is the key to landing a job according to the author?［A］Education. ［C］Persistence.［B］Intelligence. ［D］Experience.60. What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the U.S.?［A］They clearly indicate how healthy the economy is.［B］They provide the public with the latest information.［C］They warn of the structural problems in the economy.［D］They exclude those who have stopped looking for a job.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be routinely screened for new tumors—or doesn’t it?While such vigilant（警觉的）tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioning whether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearly double by 2050, it’s important to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.In many cases, screening can lead to surgeries to remove cancer, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growing and may not pose serious health problems in patients’ remaining years. But the message that everyone must screen for cancer has become so deep-rooted that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74 stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups.It’s hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening with scientific data. Certainly, there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years of life because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a family history or prior personal experience with the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder, the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy （预期寿命）.A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who will truly benefit from screening— especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population.It’s not an easy calculation to make, but one that makes sense for all patients. Dr. Otis Brawley said, “Many doctors are ordering screening tests purely to cover themselves. We need to think about the rational use of health care.”That means making some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when it comes to health care, more is always better.61. Why do doctors recommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?［A］It is believed to contribute to long life.［B］It is part of their health care package.［C］The elderly are more sensitive about their health.［D］The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.62. How do some researchers now look at routine cancer screening for the elderly?［A］It adds too much to their medical bills.［C］It helps increase their life expectancy.［B］They are doubtful about its necessity.［D］They think it does more harm than good.63. What is the conventional view about women screening for breast cancer?［A］It applies to women over 50. ［C］It is optional for young women.［B］It is a must for adult women. ［D］It doesn’t apply to women over 74.64. Why do many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer?［A］They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.［B］They want to take advantage of the medical care system.［C］They want data for medical research.［D］They want their patients to suffer less.65. What does the author say is the general view about health care?［A］The more, the better. ［C］Better early than late.［B］Prevention is better than cure. ［D］Better care, longer life.Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.通货膨胀（inflation）指的是某一经济体的商品和服务的总体价格在一段时期内持续上涨的状态。
2012年英语专业四级阅读理解及答案.docx
2012 TEM4TEXT ASaying “thank you ”is probably the first thing most of uslearn to do in a foreign language．After all，we’re brought up to be polite，and it is important to make a good impression upon other people—especially across national divides．So．what exactly are you supposed to say when "thank you" is only the 20th most popular way to express gratitude? According to a recent survey,19 other ways of expressing appreciation finished ahead of "thank you" in a poll of 3,000people ．Pollsters found almost half of those asked preferred themore informal“cheers”，while others liked to use such expressions as“ta”,“great" and“nice one”．So，just what is the appropriate form of words toexpress your thanks?Fortunately, the clue is in the languageitself ．“ Cheers”， despite its popularity，is considered an informal way to say thank you—and this is a definite clue asto when you can best use it．For instance ，when going for a drink with friends，a smile and a“cheers ”by way of thanks is not only appropriate to t hesituation ，it is also culturally accurate．“Ta”， originated from the Danish word“tak”, was the second-most popular expression of thanks ，and is also commonlyused in informal situations，along with phrases such as“niceone”， and“brilliant”．Interestingly,one word that didn ’t makeit into the top 20 was“thanks ”． Thank you's shorter, moreinformal cousin．“Thanks”can be useful ， as it is able to bridge the divide between the formality of“thank you" and the downrightrelaxed “cheers ”．Certain words can double as an expression of thanks as well as delight．Again，the words themselves offer the clue as towhen best to use them．For example，words like “awesome”，“ brilliant"and“you star" featured highly in the new poll and they can hint at bothyour pleasure at someone's action ，as well as serving to expressyour thanks ．If you are on the receiving end of a“new”thankyou，you can respond with a simple “no problem ”, or “sure ”．Of course ，in certain circumstances ，a simple wave，nod or smile may be appropriate．For instance，if a car driver slowsdown to let you cross the road，simply raising your hand in acknowledgement is enough to show that you appreciate thedriver's consideration．Sometimes，formality is necessary, and“thank you”isstill the best choice in such situations．But students should not worry about when exactly to usecertain expressions．Many people in Western countries are worried that goodmanners are in decline．People aretired of seeing their acts of kindness and service passwithout comment ．So don’t think that your“thank you ”was clumsy or awkwardly formal．The chances are ，if you said“thank you”，youmade someone’s day ．You star ．81．We can tell from the results of the poll thatA．people are unconcerned about politeness nowadays．B．“ thank you”r emains the best expression of gratitude ．C．there is a variety of expressions of appreciation．D．there are more formal expressions than informal ones．82．Which word/phrase does NOT appear in the top 20?A．Cheers． B ．Thanks． C．Brilliant ． D．You star．83．According to the passage．which is an appropriate response to “awesome”or “brilliant”?A．Thanks． B ．Cheers． C．Nice one ． D．Sure．84．According to the passage ，the way in which we expressour gratitude depends on all the following EXCEPTA．gender． B ．formality．C．culture．D．circumstance．85．In the last paragraph the author encourages people toA．continue their acts of kindness．B．behave themselves well．C．show their gratitude to others．D．stop worrying about bad manners．TEXT BFrom 2007 to 2010 ，American households lost $l1 trillionin real estate，savings, and stocks More than half of all U．S．workers either lost their jobs or were forced to take cuts in hours or pay during the recession．The worst may be behind them now, but the shocking losses of the past few years have reshaped nearly every facet of their lives—how they live，work，and spend —even the way they think about the future．For Cindy, the recession began when her husband wasrelocated to Rhinelander,Wisconsin ．by his companyforcing the family to move in a hurry．The couple bought a new house butwere unable to sell their two-bedroom home in Big Lake，Minnesota ．With two mortgages( 抵押借款 ) and two young childrento care for, Cindy couldn't imagine how to stretch her husband'spaycheck to keep her family fed．Then she stumbled upon an online community calledBlotanical ，a forum for gardeners，many with an interest insustainability．“ The more I read and discussed thesepractices，the more I realized this would help not only ourbudget but also our health，” she says．Cindy admits that before the recession ，she was a city girl with no interest in growing her own dinner．“ I grew flowersmostly —I didn ’t think about plants that weren’t visuallyinteresting." But to stretch her budget，she began putting in vegetables and fruit—everything from strawberry beds to appletrees —and as her first seedlings grew，her spirits lifted．She no longer thinks of gardening and making her own jams as justa moneysaver ；they ’re a genuine pleasure ．“ It ’s brought uscloser together as a family, too，” she says．Her kidsvoluntarily pitch in with(主动帮助)the garden work，and thefamily cooks together instead of eating out．The food tastesbetter —it's fresher and organic—and the garden handilyfulfills its original purpose：cost cutting．Now she spendsabout $200 to $300 a month on groceries．less than half of the$650 a month that she used to lay out．After discovering how resourceful she can be in toughtimes ，Cindy is no longer easily discouraged ．“It makesmefeelproud to be able to s ay I made it myself,”she says．“ I feelaccomplished ，and I'm more confident about attempting thingsI've never done before ．" Nowshe avoids convenience stores and has begun learning to knit，quilt，and make her own soap．"I don't think I would have ever begun t his journey if it weren’tfor the recession ，” she says．“ I have a feeling that f rom now on，it will affect my family’s health and happiness for thebetter ．"86．We learn from the first paragraph that the recessionA．affected Americans in certain occupations．B．had great impact on Americans’work and life．C．had only brought huge losses in savings and stocks．D．is over with some of the losses recovered.87．What madethe family's financial situation even worse was that theyA．moved to Rhinelander in a hurry．B．had two children to raise．C．didn't know anyone in Rhinelander．D．couldn't sell their home in Big Lake．88．Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A．Cindy had seen the benefits of gardening in a different way．B．Cindy had developed a hobby of gardening before the recession ．C．Cindy had already had a keen interest in sustainability．D．Cindy had already planned to meet the gardeners．89．In addition, Cindy views gardening as a genuine pleasure because gardeningA．helped her cut living costs almost by half．B．enabled her to make her own jams．C．built up family ties and kids’enthusiasm．D．enabled her to know more about plants．90．What does Cindy think of the difficult times she hasgone through?A．It gave the couple and their kids a tough lesson．B．It gave her confidence and optimism．C．It would come again and affect the family．D．It left a lasting psychological impact on the family．TEXT C“I'm a little worried about my future，” said Dustin Hoffman in The Graduate．He should be so lucky．All he had to worry about was whether to have an affair with Mrs Robinson．In the sixties，that was the sum total of post-graduation anxiety syndrome．Hoffman's modern counterparts are not so fortunate．The Mrs Robinsons aren't sitting around at home any more，seducing graduates ．They are out in the workplace ，doing the high-powered jobs the graduates want，but cannot get ．For those fresh outof university, desperate for work but unable to get it，there is a big imbalance between supply and demand．And there is no narrowing of the gap in sight．The latest unemployment figures show that746,000 of 18-24 year-olds are unemployed— a record rate of 18 per cent．Many of those will have graduated this summer．They are not panicking yet ，but as the job rejections mount up，they are beginning to feel alarmed．Of course ，it is easy to blame the Government and，in particular,the target that Labour has long trumpeted---50per cent of school-leavers in higher education．That was not too smart ．The Government has not only failed to meet itstarget —the actual figure is still closer to 40 per cent — butit has raised expectations to unrealistic levels．Parents feel as badly let down as the young peoplethemselves ．Middle-class families see their graduate offspringon the dole(救济金)queue and wonder why they bothered payingschool fees．Working-class families feel an even keener sense of disappointment ．For manysuch families，getting a child into university was the fulfillment of a lifelong dream．Itrepresented upward social and financial mobility．It was proof that they were living in a dynamic，economically successfulcountry ．That dream does not seem so rosy now．Graduate unemployment is not，ultimately, a political problem ready to be solved ．Job-creation schemes for graduates are very low down in ministerial in-trays．If David Cameron'sConservatives had a brilliant idea for guaranteeing everygraduate a well-paid job ，they would have unveiled it by now．It is a social problem，though a more deep-seated social problemthan people perhaps realize．91．The author begins with an episode from The Graduate in order toA．support the fact that more women are working now．B．show that few graduates started working right aftergraduation ．C．demonstrate that there were much fewer graduates thannow．D．emphasize the sharp contrast between now and then．92．With regard to job opportunities for young graduates ，the author soundsA．pessimistic．B．hopeful．C．indifierent．D．furious．93．The author is ____ the Labour Government's target：50% of school leavers in higher education．A．in favour of B．doubtful aboutC．strongly critical of D．mildly critical of94．Which of the following statements aboutparents ’feelings is CORRECT?A．Working—class parents feel just as disappointed．B．Parents and their children feel equally disappointed．C．Middle —class parents feel more disappointed．D．Parents feel more disappointed than their children．95．Towards the end of the passage，the author implies that A．there will be job-creation schemes for graduates．B．graduate unemployment is more of a political issue．C．graduate unemployment is both a political and a socialissue ．D．the Conservatives are doing far from enough to solve the issue ．TEXT DNo matter how many times you have seen images of the golden mask of boyking Tutankhamen，comeface to face with it in Egypt's Cairo museum，and you will suck in your breath．It was on Nov 4 ，1923，that British archaeologist HowardCarter stumbled on a stone at the base of the tomb of anotherpharaoh( 法老 )in Luxor that eventually led to a sealed doorway．Then，on Nov 23，Carter found a second door and when he stuck his head through it ，what he saw was to stun the world ．Insidelay the great stone coffin，enclosing three chests of gilded wood．A few months later, when a crane lifted its granite coverand one coffin after another was removed, Carter found a solid block of gold weighing 110kg．In it was the mummy(木乃伊 ) of the 19-year-old Tutankhamen，covered in gold with that splendid funeral mask．And all this lay buried for more than3,000 years ．Months after my trip to Egypt, I can relive the rush ofemotion I felt and sense the hush that descended on the crammed Cairo museum's Tutankhamen gallery．Cairo ，a dusty city of 20 million people ，is a place where time seems to both stand still and rush into utter chaos．Itis a place where the ancient and contemporary happily go alongon parallel tracks．Take the Great Pyramids of Giza，sitting on the western edge of the city ．Even as the setting sun silhouettes these gigantic structures against the great desert expanse，a call for prayer floats over semi-finished apartment blocks filled with theactivity of city life．While careful planning for the afterlife may lie buriedunderground in Cairo，it is noise and confusion on the streets．Donkey carts b attle for space with pedestrians and the only operative road rule is “might is right ．” But it is a citythat is full of life—from the small roadside restaurants tothe coffee shops where men and womensmoke the shisha( 水烟壶 ) ． Donkey carts piled high with flat-breads magically find their way in and out the maddening traffic；young womenin longskirts and headscarves hold hands with young menin open collarshirts，while conversations dwell on Kuwait's chances at thesoccer World Cup ．96．According to the context,“suck in yourbreath ”means“feel a sense of ____"．A．awe B．horror C ．doubt D ．delight97．Which of the following statements about the discovery of the mummy is INCORRECT?A．The mummy was first discovered by a Britisharchaeologist．B．The discovery of the mummy came as a surprise．C．The mummywas found lying right inside the stone coffin．D．The masked mummy was covered in gold．98．Which word CANNOTbe used to describe the city of Cairo?A．Crowdedness． B ．Quiet ． C．Noise ． D．Confusion ．99．Which pair of words/phrases indicates contrast?A．Gigantic structure；great desert expanseB．A call for prayer；men and women with the shishaC．Chaos；maddeningD．Coffee shops ；pyramids100．What is the author's attitude towards Cairo?A．Positive．B．Objective．C．Negative．D. Not clear 81. CBDAC 86. B DACB 91. D ADBC96. ACBAB.。
2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案解析版范文
2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案解析Part I Writing标准版：The above bar chart clearly shows us education pays in 2010. We see that one with higher education background earns more money weekly than those with lower ones. For instance, the college students with no degree get paid$712 per week whereas those with a Bachelor’s degree can earn $1038.Several reasons, in my opinion, can be identified to account for this phenomenon. To begin with, compared with those with comparatively lower education degree, people who have received higher education possess considerably wider knowledge, more remarkable learning and research ability, greater innovation and most of all, resourceful social network, all of which are essential to a high-income work. Also, the higher one’s education degree is, the bigger platform he will have to show his ability. For example, his college, university, or research institute will organize various job fairs for them to communicate face to face with employers.This phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment. Therefore, substantial education investment should be strengthened while we, as college students, should study harder to build our country and strive for a better life for ourselves.高分版：Education PaysJudging from the table, we can see t hat people’s income increases along with their education levels. Above all，the average college graduates earn much more than the typical high-school graduates.The fact revealed by these data is obvious: a degree does bring distinctive financial benefits to its holders. But is it true that a degree alone can ensure a bright future? I don’t think so because, on the one hand, the financial value of high education depends heavily on what skills graduates can gain from it instead of the degree itself. After all, an employer only pays for your ability and performance, not for your certificate. On the other hand, the most valuable bless high education brings to graduates is the ability to learn quickly and efficiently. People received more education tend to keep lifelong learning habits after their graduation, which would help them gain more opportunities in their career path.In conclusion, what accounts for education pays is not the degree alone, but the graduate’s ability and leaning habit.作文B：标准版：Education PaysThe above bar chart clearly shows us education pays in 2010. We see that unemployment rate of those with higher education background is much lower than those with lower education degree. For instance, the unemployment rate of college students with no degree is as high as 14.9% while that of those with doctoral degree is only 1.9%.The followingreason, in my opinion, is the most important one to account for this phenomenon. Compared withthose with comparatively lower education degree, people who have received higher education possess considerably wider knowledge, more remarkable learning and research ability, greater innovation and most of all, resourceful social network, all of which make them more qualified and competent for their task. Thus, they are less likely to lose their jobs.This phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment. Therefore, education investment should be strengthened while we, as college students, should study harder to avoid unemployment.高分版：Education PaysAs is shown in the table, the unemployment rate decreases steadily as the education level increases. The fact revealed by the statistics is obvious: graduates with a degree are less likely to be unemployed.What has brought about this effect? I believe there are three main reasons. To begin with, the education level is still the top factor that employers would take into account when selecting job candidates. It is believed that people with a college degree tend to be more intelligent and qualified. In addition, as a result of good learning habit formed during college, job hunters with high education background are also more efficient in acquiring and processing job hunting information. Finally, college education equips graduates with specialized skills, leading to greater attachment to the company they are employed and higher possibility to be reemployed even if they leave their previous company.In conclusion, it is the qualifications, learning habit and specialized skills that high education equip a graduate that make one distinctive in labor market.【标准版点评】这次四级作文出了图表题，可能让大家有些意外，但是四六级考察图表作文已经并不是第一次，早在2002年的时候就已经出现过，是图表+提纲的形式，图表反应的是大学生使用计算机的情况。
2012英语专业四级考试阅读理解习题及答案
专业英语四级阅读理解辅导：先读文章后看题目有的考生在做阅读理解题的时候，喜欢先看题目后读文章。
他们认为这样会节省时间，但是大多数情况下结果与他们的初衷相反。
实际上，在做阅读理解题的时候先看题目不会节省时间，反而会浪费时间。
这是因为如果你先看题目，在你阅读文章的时候你的脑中就会充斥着这些题目，那么你就不能集中注意力。
你就会集中注意力寻找这些题目的答案，从而影响对文章整体的理解。
因此在做阅读理解时要先读文章，后看题目。
以下是一些具体的方法：1.在阅读文章时不要担心时间不够，否则就不能全神贯注于文章内容。
在阅读文章开头几句时，你要联想一下文章的大意：文章是关于什么内容、写的谁、谈论什么事物等。
2.当你继续阅读文章时，要努力识别出文章的文体，即是科普文章、文学作品，还是新闻报道或是别的;同时要识别出作者的写作手法，文章是写给谁看的，作者是带着一种什么样的感情写这篇文章的。
3.在读完文章一遍后，你会对文章的主题和文章的结构有了一定的印象，但是为了准确起见，在你回答问题的时候一定要回过头来再看一遍该文，以确认你的答案。
不要根据自己第一遍阅读时的印象答题，也不要根据自己所掌握的文章以外的知识答题。
4.在阅读题目的时候，要注意一些关键字眼，比如EXCEPT, CANNOT, NOT, INCORRECT 等出题者为了引起考生特别注意的大写词英语专业四级阅读理解面面观一、专四阅读理解十大话题社会话题:如商场偷窃(2004),体育商业化(2002)教育话题:如儿童择校(2001),大学教育(1997),教学方法(1997),科技话题:如轻型飞机(1993), 昆虫思维(1994),人物传记;某小说家(1992),个人历史(1996),姓氏溯源(2000)历史研究:北爱尔兰问题(1992),法国变化(1993)妇女话题:夫妻关系(2001),家电与妇女(2002)种族话题:民族矛盾(1998)自然话题:雪崩(1996),海啸(1997),潮汐(1992)健康话题:饮酒与心脏病(1995),经济话题:如瑞士银行(2000),中国经济特区(2004)二、阅读理解五种材料说明文、记叙文、议论文、描写文、应用文(尤其是新闻报道)三、题型分析及应对策略1．主旨类(1)What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?(2)What does this passage mainly (primarily)concerned ?(3)The main theme of this passage is ___________.(4)The main point of the passage is__________.(5)Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?(6)The title that best expresses thetheme of the passage is ___________.我要收藏(7)On which of the following subject would the passage most likely be found in a textbook ?(8)The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _________.(9)Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?应对策略：跳读（skimming）文章的开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句。
2012年12月大学英语四级考试真题与答案完整版
Part II Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning)Universities Branch OutAs never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers,offering course of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的)research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004.Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America‘s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K.In the United States,20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in the summer internships (实习)abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least oneinternational study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai‘s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to t he lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world -class scientist and his U.S. team.As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施)and applications software of the 1990s.the link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research -university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003,but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.American politicians have great difficult recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago, in the wake ofSeptember 11,changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and the business leaders led to improvements in the process and reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation‘s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视)values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.1. From the first paragraph we know that present-day universities have become ________.A)more popularized than ever beforeB)in-service training organizationsC)a powerful force for global integrationD)more and more research-oriented2. Over the past decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased ________.A)at an annual rate of 8 percentB)at an annual rate of 3.9 percentC)by 800,000D)by 2.5 million3. In the United States, how many of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born?A)38% B)10% C)30% D)20%4. How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers?A)They give them chances for international study or internship.B)They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program.C)They offer them various courses in international politics.D)They organize a series of seminars on world economy.5. An example illustrating the general trend of universities ‘globalization is ________.A)Yale‘s establishing branch campuses throughout the worldB)Yale‘s student exchange program with E uropean institutionsC)Yale‘s helping Chinese universities to launch research projectsD)Yale‘s collaboration with Fudan University on genetic research.6. What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage?A)It is known to be the birthplace of Microsoft Company.B)It was intentionally created by Stanford University.C)It is where the Internet infrastructure was built up.D)It houses many companies spun off from MIT and Harvard.7. What is said about the U.S. federal funding for research?A)It has increased by 3 percent.B)It doubled between 1998 and 2003.C)It has been unsteady for years.D)It has been more than sufficient.8. The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the U.S. after September 11 was caused by ________.9. Many Americans fear that American competitiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will ________.10. The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S. in that the very best of them will stay and ________.PartⅢ Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）（15 minutes）Section A11.A) He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.B) He has difficulty understanding the book.C) He cannot get access to the assigned book.D) He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.12.A) She will drive the man to the supermarket.B) The man should buy a car of his own.C) The man needn't go shopping every week.D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store.13.A) Get more food and drinks.B) Ask his friend to come over.C) Tidy up the place.D) Hold a party.14.A) The talks can be held any day except this Friday.B) He could change his schedule to meet John Smith.C) The first-round talks should start as soon as possible.D) The woman should contact John Smith first.15.A) He understands the woman's feelings.B) He has gone through a similar experience.C) The woman should have gone on the field trip.D) The teacher is just following the regulations.16.A) She will meet the man halfway.B) She will ask David to talk less.C) She is sorry the man will not come.D) She has to invite David to the party.17.A) Few students understand Prof. Johnson's lectures.B) Few students meet Prof. Jonson's requirements.C) Many students find Prof. Johnson's lectures boring.D) Many students have dropped Prof. Johnson's class.18.A) Check their computer files.B) Make some computations.C) Study a computer program.D) Assemble a computer.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A) It allows him to make a lot of friends.B) It requires him to work long hours.C) It enables him to apply theory to practice.D) It helps him understand people better.20.A) It is intellectually challenging.B) It requires him to do washing-up all the time.C) It exposes him to oily smoke all day long.D) It demands physical endurance and patience.21.A) In a hospital.B) At a coffee shop.C) At a laundry.D) In a hotel.22.A) Getting along well with colleagues.B) Paying attention to every detail.C) Planning everything in advance.D) Knowing the needs of customers.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.A) The pocket money British children get.B) The annual inflation rate in Britain.C) The things British children spend money on.D) The rising cost of raising a child in Britain.24.A) It enables children to live better.B) It goes down during economic recession.C) It often rises higher than inflation.D) It has gone up 25% in the past decade.25.A) Save up for their future education.B) Pay for small personal things.C) Buy their own shoes and socks.D) Make donations when necessary. 来源:考试大-英语四级考试Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard.26.A) District managers.B) Regular customers.C) Sales directors.D) Senior clerks.27.A) The support provided by the regular clients.B) The initiative shown by the sales representatives.C) The urgency of implementing the company's plans.D) The important part played by district managers.28.A) Some of them were political-minded.B) Fifty percent of them were female.C) One third of them were senior managers.D) Most of them were rather conservative.29.A) He used too many quotations.B) He was not gender sensitive.C) He did not keep to the point.D) He spent too much time on details.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30.A) State your problem to the head waiter.B) Demand a discount on the dishes ordered.C) Ask to see the manager politely but firmly.D) Ask the name of the person waiting on you.31.A) You problem may not be understood correctly.B) You don't know if you are complaining at the right time.C) Your complaint may not reach the person in charge.D) You can't tell how the person on the line is reacting.32.A) Demand a prompt response.B) Provide all the details.C) Send it by express mail.D) Stick to the point.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33.A) Fashion designerB) Architect.C) City planner.D) Engineer.34.A) Do some volunteer work.B) Get a well-paid part-time job.C) Work flexible hours.D) Go back to her previous post.35.A) Few baby-sitters can be considered trustworthy.B) It will add to the family's financial burden.C) A baby-sitter is no replacement for a mother.D) The children won't get along with a baby-sitter.Section CAlmost every child, on the first day he sets foot in a school building, is smarter, more (36)______, less afraid of what he doesn't know, better at finding and (37) ______ things out, more confident, resourceful (机敏的), persistent and (38) ______ than he will ever be again in his schooling – or, unless he is very (39) ______ and very lucky, for the rest of his life. Already, by paying close attention to and (40) ______ with the world and people around him, and without any school-type (41)______ instruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and (42)______ than anything he will be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years. He has solved the (43) ______ of language. He has discovered it – babies don't even know that language exists –and (44) ________________________________________________. He has done it by exploring, by experimenting, by developing his own model of the grammar of language, (45) ________________________________________________ until it does work. And while he has been doing this, he has been learning other things as well, (46) ________________________________________________, and many that are more complicated than the ones they do try to teach him.Part ⅣReading Comprehension（Reading in Depth）（25 minutes）Section AQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.If our society ever needed a reading renaissance（复兴）, it's now. The National Endowment for the Arts released “Reading at Risk” last year, a study showing that adult reading47 have dropped 10 percentage points in the past decade, with the steepest drop among those 18 to 24. “Only one half of young people read a book of any kind in 2002. We set the bar almost on the ground. If you read one short story in a teen—ager magazine, that would have 48 ,” laments a director of research and analysis. He49 the loss of readers to the booming world of technology, which attracts would—be leisure readers to E—mail, IM chats, and video games and leaves them with no time to cope with a novel.“These new forms of media undoubtedly have some benefits,” says Steven Johnson, author of Everything Bad Is Good for You.Video games50 problem—solving skills; TV shows promote mental gymnastics by 51 viewers to follow complex story lines. But books offer experience that can't be gained from these other sources, from52 vocabulary to stretching the imagination. “If they're not reading at all,” says Johnson, “that's a huge problem.”In fact, fewer kids are reading for pleasure. According to data53 last week from the National Center for Educational Statistic's long—term trend assessment, the number of 17—year—olds who reported never or hardly ever reading for fun54 from 9 percent in 1984 to 19 percent in 2004. At the same time, the55 of 17—year—olds who read daily dropped from 31 to 22.This slow but steady retreat from books has not yet taken a toll on reading ability. Scores for the nation's youth have56 constant over the past two decades with an encouraging upswing among 9—year—olds. But given the strong apparent correlation between pleasure reading and reading skills, this means poorly for the future.A. percentB. remainedC. roseD. ratesE. percentageF. countedG. relievedH. presentI. BelievingJ. releasedK. forcing L. improve M. Styles N. building O. attributesSection BPassage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among “situations vacant”, alth ough it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among “situations wanted”, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.“Contact us before writing your application”, or “Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae （or job history）, with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. “Just put down your n ame, address, age and whether you have passed any exams”, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. “Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for”, was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.57. The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns.A）informs job hunters of the opportunities availableB）promises to offer useful advice to those looking for employmentC）divides available jobs into various typesD）informs employers of the people available for work58. Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because. A）there is a lack of jobs available for artistic peopleB）there are so many top level jobs availableC）there are so many people out of workD）the job history is considered to be a work of art59. In the past it was expected that first job hunters would.A）write an initial letter giving their life historyB）pass some exams before applying for a jobC）have no qualifications other than being able to read and writeD）keep any detailed information until they obtained an interview60. Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter.A）something that would distinguish one from other applicantsB）hinted information about the personality of the applicantC）one's advantages over others in applying for the jobD）an occasional trick with the aggressive approach61. The curriculum vitae has become such an important document because.A）there has been an increase in the number of jobs advertisedB）there has been an increase in the number of applicants with degreesC）jobs are becoming much more complicated nowadaysD）the other processes of applying for jobs are more complicatedPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time,rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent—controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low—paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages. Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if “other things are equal”. Economists do not agree on some of the predictio ns. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.62. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may.A）cause a shortage of apartmentsB）worry those who rent apartments as homesC）increase the profits of landlordsD）encourage landlords to invest in building apartment63. According to the critics, rent control.A）will always benefit those who rent apartmentsB）is unnecessaryC）will bring negative effects in the long runD）is necessary under all circumstances64. The problem of unemployment will arise.A）if the minimum wage is set too highB）if the minimum wage is set too lowC）if the workers are unskilledD）if the maximum wage is set65. The passage tells us.A）the relationship between supply and demandB）the possible results of government controlsC）the necessity of government controlD）the urgency of getting rid of government controls66. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A）The results of economic decisions can not always be predicted.B）Minimum wage can not always protect employees.C）Economic theory can predict the results of economic decisions if other factors are not changing.D）Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory.Part ⅤCloze （15 minutes）Rumor is the most ___67___way of spreading stories—by passing them on from mouth___68___mouth. But civilized countries in normal times have better ___69___ of news than rumor. They have radio, television, and newspapers. In times of stress and___70___, ___71___, rumor ___72__ and becomes widespread. At such ___73___ the different kinds of news are in___74___,the press, television, and radio versus the grapevine.Especially ___75___ rumors spread when war requires censorship(审查，检查) on many important matters. The customary news sources no longer ___76___ enough information. Since the people cannot learn ___77___ legitimate(合法的，正规的) channel s all ___78___ they are anxious to learn, they pick up “news”___79___they can and when this ___80___, rumor thrives.Rumors are often repeated ___81___ by those who do not believe the tales. There is a fascination about them. The reason is ___82___the cleverly designed rumor gives expression to something deep in the hearts of the victims—the fears, suspicions, forbidden hopes, or daydreams which they hesitate to___83___directly. Pessimistic(悲观的) rumors about defeat and disasters show that the people who repeat them are___84___and anxious. ___85___rumors about record production orpeace soon coming point to complacency(满足，自得) or confidence—and often to ___86___.67. A) primitive B) important C) impossible D) outstanding68. A) till B) to C) for D) by69. A) means B) ways C) sources D) resource70. A) confusion B) peace C) prosperity D) worried71. A) and B) however C) so D) therefore72. A) emerges B) immerge C) immerse D) immense73. A) time B) the times C) times D) the time74. A) compete B) competition C) common D)harmony75. A) do B) did C) are D) were76. A) give up B) give off C) give out D) send off77. A) through B) by C) in D) across78. A) what B) why C) which D) that79. A) wherever B) where C) whatever D) what80. A) happened B) would happen C) happens D) happen81. A) ever B) even C) forever D) much82. A) that B) what C) why D) how83. A) act B) voice C) behave D) do84. A) happy B) relieved C) crazy D) worried85. A) Bad B) Pessimistic C) Optimistic D) Good86. A) overconfidence B) overweight C) overconsiderate D) overproducePart ⅥTranslation （5 minutes）Direction:Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87.There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that __________________________ (我都拿不定主意买哪一种).88. The light in the office is still on._________________________ (他忘记关了).89. His composition was so confusing that _____________________________ (我简直看不懂).90.As the saying goes, reading without reflecting is like __________________________ (吃饭不消化).91._______________________ (他的回答是这样) that he didn’t say yes and he didn’t say no.。
2012年四级答案
Part I WritingOn Excessive PackagingNowadays, the phenomenon of excessive packaging of goods is prevalent in our society. Wandering in the supermarkets, one might be dazzled by the fancy packaging of goods on the shelves. Although the government has concerned with the issue, the phenomenon still flourishes。
The reasons can be listed as follows. First, manufactures believe that they can attract customers’attention and stimulate their purchasing desire by means of over-packaging their goods, thus gaining more profits. Second, quite a number of consumers mistakenly hold the opinion that the more exquisite the package is, the better the quality will be, which encourages excessive packaging. In addition, most of this kind of goods are brought and sent as gifts to their relatives or leaders。
To my mind, excessive packaging can do harm to our society, for instance, it can result in the loss of precious resources and the shortage of energy. In the light of the disastrous consequences mentioned above, every citizen should be aware of the problem, and laws or regulations must be made to restrict the behavior of excessive packaging of manufactures。
2012年12月全国大学英语四级等级考试试题及答案(详解) 2
2012年12月全国大学英语四级等级考试试题及答案(详解)Part II Reading Comprehension (skimming and scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the informationgiven in the passage.Time Off from Work Gains in ImportanceAmerican workers are saying they need a break. As their number of hours clocked on the job has crept higher, more time off has become a bigger priority. In the past few years, human resources experts say time off has consistently placed among the top three employee concerns, along with compensation and staffing levels, whereas it used to be farther down the list. In a poll taken online in November 2004, 39% of workers said if given the choice, they would choose time off over the equivalent in additional base salary. Of course, most of the 4,600 respondents are still opting for the bigger paycheck, but the desire for time off is up almost 20% from just three years ago when conducted a similar poll.The reasons for this shift are many and varied. Some have to do with the way a new generation is thinking about work, while others are driven by how companies are responding to recent economic pressures.A New GenerationThe results may in part represent the needs of a new breed of workers. The average American is working one month (160 hours) more each year than a generation ago. According to recruiting and human capital management expert John Sumser, younger workers work for meaning first and money second. He goes on to warn employers that these are the people who are the foundation for the next workforce and they may not buy the existing paradigm (范例). A study released in late 2004 by the New York-based Families and Work Institute concludes that the new brand of young workers is rejecting the work-centric style of their parents’ generation. The study, which examines changes in the workforce over the past 25 years, found that younger workers are more likely to be “family-centric” or “dual-centric” (with equal priorities on both career and family) rather than “work-c entric” when compared to members of the Boomer Generation.September 11th and the End of the Roaring NinetiesThe impact of the terrorist attacks of September 11th cut across all age groups of the workforce. We collectively entered a new era, reevaluatin g life’s priorities and making changes in our attitude toward time spent at work versus hobbies and family. “I started looking at things completely differently. I’ve been far less willing to put in the 14-hour days necessary to get noticed and climb the co rporate ladder,” said Tony Jackson, a 43-year-old employee of a New York City-based financial services company. “Frankly, I can’t see that changing.”Even before September 11th, some experts say the slow shift in worker attitudes was already underway due to the end of the roaring 1990’s, when hours were long and significant personal wealth was created. For those who fared well financially, some opted for careers of contract work where they could call more of the shots pertaining to (与……有关的) time off, or new occupations with greater personal rewards. For others, even if their bank accounts were not spilling over from America’s economic heyday (全盛时期), their own energy had been depleted due to unrelenting (毫不松懈的) years of work hours and high stress. They were ready for something less taxing.Families and Work Institute President and co-founder Ellen Galinsky agrees. She says the poll numbers show evidence of an increase in need for time off and a shift in thinking due to the fact that workers have been pushed to their limit in recent years. “This new generation of workers is at the edge of how long they can work. It just feels like too much. They are not slackers (懒虫); they just don’t want more,” says Galinsky.Monetary Needs Less Intense Due to Dual Income Households“We’ve decided we prefer to have more time to ourselves,” says Carol Kornhaber, a New England software programmer in her late twenties. Kornhaber and her husband are both working but have sought out jobs where they are not pressed to put in long hours. Instead, they have insisted upon eight-hour days and having enough vacation time to travel, a major interest they share. Financial pressures are eased by both of them working and keeping a careful watch on their expenses. “We are lucky in a lot of ways to have found bosses who understand our needs.”BurnoutTrying to squeeze more productivity out of workers may be nothing new, but it has become particularly acute in recent years. This has been due in large measure to recession-induced layoffs and other trends such as the rising cost of healthcare benefits. After a layoff, workers who remain behind are often asked to pick up most or even all the load of the people who were let go, requiring more and more hours at the office. As new corporate initiatives are planned, the inverse is also true. As Sumser observes, “the additional workload, which runs across the economy from the office worker to the manufacturing line, seems to be a function of the cost of benefits. The regulations make it cheaper to add workload for existing employees than to hire new players.” The Families and Work Institute reports that nearly one third of U.S. employees often or very often feel overworked or overwhelmed by how much work theyhave to do. Nearly three out of four report that they frequently dream about doing something different from their current job.Show Me the MoneyOverworked or not, the majority in the poll still chose to fatten their paycheck if given the choice. For many, it was a practical matter. Says Peggy Jones, an accountant in a Boston area business services company, “I already get three weeks a year that I can’t use up because I’m so busy. I’d definitely go for the extra money to pay some bills or make a big purchase I’ve been holding off on.” For Jones, the realities of running a household and saving up for college for her children simply need to take precedence over extra free time.Companies Are Already RespondingTo many human resources experts it is inevitable that, given the growing health of the economy and the upcoming population-driven labor shortages as the Boomer Generation moves into retirement, the pendulum of control in the employee-employer relationship will swing back to the employee side. That is expected to begin in just a few years. According to human resources expert, Larry Schumer, at , “since most companies succeed based on a motivated and capable workforce, they have offered and will continue to offer more paid flexibility, whether it be through tried and tested time-off programs or the next great idea.” Where will that new balance of employer versus employee needs lie? Time, or perhaps time off, surely will tell.1. Which of the following has been rising in importance in the past few years?A) Compensation. B) Time off. C) Right to vote. D) Staffing levels.2. According to the passage, we know that the Boomer Generation is concerned ________.A) about family and work equally B) more about workC) more about family D) about neither work nor family3. What can be inferred about Tony Jackson?A) He is 43 years old.B) He works in a financial services company.C) He has changed his life and work attitude.D) He spends 14 hours a day on his work.4. When did American workers gradually begin to change their attitudes towards work?A) After September 11. B) In November 2004.C) In late 2004. D) At the end of the roaring 1990’s.5. According to Ellen Galinsky, why did workers change their mind about work?A) They have been pushed to the limit of their working hours.B) They increased their need to enjoy life.C) They have more rights than before.D) They don’t want to work for a living.6. Carol Kornhaber and her husband don’t have too much financial p ressure because ___________.A) they have parents who are richB) they don’t have children to feedC) they both have a high salaryD) they both have work and they are thrifty7. After a layoff, the employees who keep their jobs usually have to ___________.A) find another job in case they are firedB) do what their bosses tell them toC) work longer hours to avoid being firedD) do the work left by the laid-off workers8. According to , compared with three years ago, the desire for time off is up almost ________________________.9. According to the poll from , the majority of employees preferred to ________________________ if they had the choice.10. Larry Schumer said that most companies succeeded based on a motivated and capable __________________________.Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section AQuestions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its 47____ lie mainly in blues, rhythm and blues, country, folk, gospel, and jazz. The style subsequently spread to the rest of the world and developed further, leading ultimately to 48 ____rock music.The term “rock and roll” now cov ers at least two different meanings, both in common usage. The American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both 49____ rock and roll as synonymous with rock music.50____ , defines the term as referring specifically to the music of the 1950s.Classic rock and roll is 51____ played with one or two electric guitars, a string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. In the 52 ____rock and roll styles of the late 1940s, either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument, but these were generally 53____ or supplemented by the guitar in the middle to late 1950s.The massive popularity and eventual worldwide view of rock and roll gave it a 54____ social impact. Far beyond simply a musical style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and in the new medium of television, 55____ lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. It went on to spawn various sub-genres, often without the initially 56____ backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply “rock music” or “rock”.A) define I) followedB) characteristic J) modernC) unique K) explanationD) roots L) ConverselyE) usually M) replacedF) Basically N) prepareG) earliest O) seldom H) influencedSection BPassage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.According to a report, around 30,000 pupils started secondary school last year with the math skills of a seven-year-old. MPs (国会议员) warned that many young people would need “expensive” remedial lessons in later life to get a job — posing major problems for the economy. The findings came just months after Ofsted(教育标准办公室)claimed almost half of math lessons in English schools were not good enough. It said many teachers relied on textbooks and mundane exercises to make sure pupils passed exams at the expense of a proper understanding of the subject. MPs backed the conclusions, saying too many pupils found lesso ns “boring”. They insisted improvements had been made under Labor but achievement had “leveled off” in recent years.In 2008, 79 percent of pupils met the Government’s expected standard at the end of primary school, well short of the 85 percent target set for 2006. Around five percent moved to secondary school with the math skills of a seven- year-old, said the committee. In 2006, ￡2.3 billion was spent teaching the subject. It equates to around a quarter of the ￡10 billion total budget for primary teaching and support staff.The report said the Department for Children, Schools and Families (DCSF) needed to “radically rethink its strategy for improving pupil attainment; otherwise we seriously doubt that the department will meet its 2011 target”. The targ et demands that 84.5 percent of pupils will make the necessary progress between 7 and 11.Last year, the DCSF published a major review of math education in England to boost standards. It called for a math specialist in every primary school within 10 years and more emphasis on mathematical “play” in nursery schools. Mr. Leigh said, “The department’s 10-year program to train 13,000 specialist math teachers will not benefit some primary schools for another decade. That’s far too long; the department needs to look for ways to accelerate the program.” Sarah McCarthy Fry, the Schools Minister,said, “We have already accepted the main recommendation from a recent independent review of primary math that every school should have a specialist math teacher and have pledged ￡24 million over the next three years for a training program for teachers.”Nick Gibb, the Tory shadow schools secretary, said, “The Government is not getting value for the money they have piled into education and the country is falling behind in international league tables as a result. The Government has failed to replace methods of teaching which have failed with tried and tested methods used in countries that have much higher levels of math achievement.”57. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A) 30,000 pupils started secondary school with poor math skills.B) MPs insist more improvements should be made under Labor.C) Young people need medical lessons to get a job.D) Half of English schools were not good enough.58. According to the passage, what happened in 2006?A) 21% of pupils didn’t meet the Government’s expected standard.B) The target set for 2006 was 87 percent.C) ￡2.3 billion was spent on math teaching.D) The total budget for primary teaching and support staff was ￡5 billion in 2006.59. What will people probably do to improve math education in England?A) Spend money on training specialist math teachers.B) Hire a math specialist for every primary school.C) Allow pupils to have more mathematical “play”.D) Spend more time on math education.60. What do Nick Gibb’s words mean?A) The British government should put more money into math education.B) Britain is falling behind in the international knowledge competition.C) The British government should learn from other countries’ failures.D) The British government should change their teaching methods every few years.61. What’s the passage mainly talking about?A) There aren’t enough math teachers in British primary schools.B) The British govern ment didn’t spend enough money on math education.C) British pupils are not good at math.D) Math lessons in British primary schools need to be improved.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Conservationists call them hot spots —habitats that cover just 1.4 percent of the earth’s land surface but are so rich in biological diversity that preserving them could keep an astonishing number of plant and animal species off the endangered list.Since 1988, when Dr. Norman Myers and his colleagues began describing these hot spots in a series of scientific papers and arguing for their protection, they have become a focus of worldwide conservation efforts. Private organizations and government agencies, including the World Bank, have made preserving 25 such ecological arks a top priority for financing and protective legislation. But a growing chorus of scientists is warning that directing conservation funds to hot spots may be a recipe for major losses in the future. Of species that live on land, nearly half of all plants and more than a third of all animals are found only in the hot spots. But they do not include many rare species and major animal groups that live in less biologically rich regions (“cold spots”). And the hot-spot concept does not factor in the importance of some ecosystems to human beings, the scientists argue.This debate has been simmering quietly among biologists for years; however, it is coming to a boil now with the publication of an article in the current iss ue of American Scientist arguing that “calls to direct conservation funding to the world’s biodiversity hot spots may be bad investment advice.” “The hot-spot concept has grown so popular in recent years within the larger conservation community that it now risks eclipsing all other approaches,” write the authors of the paper. “The officers and directors of all too many foundations, non-governmental organizations and international agencies have been seduced by the simplicity of the hot spot idea,” they go on. “We worry that the initially appealing idea of getting the most species per unit area is, in fact, a thoroughly misleading strategy.”But hot spots have their ardent defenders, notably Dr. Norman Myers and Dr. Russell Mittermeier. Dr. Myers says hot spots have been successful at attracting attention and financing for conservation intropical countries. “And that has been good,” he said. “No one is suggesting that one invest solely in hot spots, but if you want to avoid extinctions, you have to invest in them.”62. The best title for this passage would be ________.A) A Debate on Preserving Hot Spots B) An Introduction to Hot SpotsC) Hot Spots vs. Cold Spots D) How to Finance Hot Spots63. Hot spots occupy a small percentage of the eart h’s land surface with _____________.A) a third of all plantsB) many major animal groups living in cold spotsC) rich biological diversityD) many rare species living in cold spots64. Critics of hot spots hold the opinion that ________.A) hot spots are always as important as cold spotsB) it is unwise to invest largely in hot spotsC) governments should choose the best time to invest in hot spotsD) the hot-spot approach is a misleading strategy from the very beginning65. According to Dr. Norman Myers, _________.A) protecting and investing in hot spots can save species from extinctionB) conservation efforts should not center on hot spotsC) governments should invest most in cold spotsD) the hot-spot approach now is not as good as it was in the past66. What is the writer’s attitude towards the hot-spot approach?A) Critical. B) Neutral. C) Supportive. D) Doubtful.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices markedA), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits intothe passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Everyone knows hand washing is important. But a new study shows how washing your hands _67_ , and at the right time, can have a big impact on your family’s risk of getting sick.Most studies on hand washing focus on _68_ and food service workers. But this m onth’s American Journal of Infection Control focuses on washing hands at _69_ as a way to stop infections from _70_. Several studies show hands are the single most important _71_ route for all types of infections.Even though most people know to wash their hands after using the toilet or handling a diaper (尿布), studies_72_ many people are still ending up with germs on their hands.One study looked in homes of _73_recently vaccinated against polio (脊髓灰质炎). After vaccination, the virus is_74_ to be she d in the baby’s feces (粪便). Researchers found the virus on 13 percent of bathroom, living room and kitchen surfaces. _75_ the virus from the vaccine didn’t pose a health risk, feces-borne viruses can _76_through the home.Doorknobs and toilet flush handl es are key _77_ of germ transmission in the home. That’s why people should focus on cleaning such surfaces _78_ and always wash their hands after touching them. In one study, a _79_ touched a door handle contaminated with a virus. He then shook hands _80_ other volunteers, and spread the virus to six people.The study authors note that the timing of hand washing is key. It’s _81_to wash hands after using the toilet, before eating or handling food. Other crucial times for hand washing are after _82_ a diaper or cleaning up after a pet, or after touching garbage cans, dish rags and utensils that may have come _83_ contact with raw food.While it may be hard to _84_ that something as simple as regular hand washing can make a difference in your 7family’s heal th, consider what happened during the 2003 outbreak of SARS. The outbreak _85_ extensive public and community health measures, including regular hand washing. Not only was the SARS outbreak contained, _86_ other cases of illnesses dropped sharply.67. A) occasionally B) often C) sometimes D) repeatedly68. A) chemical B) physical C) medical D) mental69. A) home B) clinics C) hospitals D) school70. A) living B) spreading C) surviving D) going71. A) transmit B) transfer C) transferring D) transmission72. A) claim B) agree C) suggest D) object73. A) parents B) teachers C) adults D) infants74. A) known B) said C) moved D) added75. A) When B) While C) Why D) Which76. A) travel B) go C) fly D) float77. A) questions B) opportunities C) ideas D) sources78. A) always B) frequently C) regularly D) actually79. A) volunteer B) baby C) worker D) person80. A) in B) on C) with D) through81. A) useless B) obvious C) interesting D) thankful82. A) taking B) using C) changing D) bringing83. A) of B) for C) from D) into84. A) dream B) know C) figure D) believe85. A) triggered B) started C) helped D) saved86. A) yet B) while C) but D) sincePart Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)87. _____________________________( 只要每个中国人) works to his capacity in the construction ofChina’s economy, the rise of Chinese nation is round the corner.88. With a special train ticket you can ___________________________________(任何国家旅行)inEurope for just over 100 pounds.89. In spite of the fact that hotel prices have risen sharply, the number oftourists_________________________ (和以前一样多).90. The hotel manager, ________________________(我向他投诉过) about the service，refunded part ofour bill.91. The Tower of London, _____________________________________________ (在里面曾有许多人丧命) is now a tourist attraction.。
2012年英语专业四级考试真题及答案
2012年英语专业四级考试真题PART I DICTATION [15 MIN］Listen to the following passage．Altogether the passage will be read to you four times．During the first reading，which will be done at normal speed，listen and try to understand the meaning．For the second and third readings,the passage will be read sentence by sentence，or phrase by phrase，with intervals of 15 seconds．The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work．You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more．Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE．PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION ［20 MIN］In Sections A,B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two．SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations．Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Questions l to 3 are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation，you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now，listen to the conversation.l．The Ethical Consumer Research Association will provide information to shoppers onA．product price．B．product quality．C．manufacturers．D．production methods．2．According to the conversation，an ethical shopper shouldA．ask for others’advice before buying things．B．consider the worth of something to be bought．C．postpone buying things whenever possible．D．search for things that are less costly．3．According to the conversation,ethical shoppers can be best described asA．shrewd．B．thrifty．C．extravagant．D．cautious．Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation，you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now,listen to the conversation．4．Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Mary?A．She is enjoying her language study．B．She is enjoying her management study．C．She is not feeling very well at the moment．D．She is not happy about her study pressure．5．What does Mary think of the course initially?A．It is useful．B．It is difficult．C．It is challenging．D．It is interesting．6．What is Mary’s problem of living in a family house？A．She dislikes the food she eats．B．She is unable to sleep well．C．She has no chance to make friends．D．She finds the rent high．7．Which of the following is Mr．Davies’advice?A．To tryto make more friends．B．To try to change accommodation．C．To spend more time on English．D．To stop attending language classes．Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation,you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now,listen to the conversation．8．According to the conversation，the day is special becauseA．many people are surfing the net on that day．B．it is an anniversary of the internet．C．the net brought about no changes until that day．D．big changes will take place on that day．9．We learn from the conversation that peopleA．cannot Jive without the internet．B．cannot work without the internet．C．all use the internet to keep in touch．D．have varied opinions about internet use．10．At the end of the conversation．the speakers talk aboutA．the future of the internet．B．the type of office furniture．C．when changes will come．D．how people will use the internet．SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section，you will hear several passages．Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage．At the end of the passage，you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now，listen to the passage．11．In order to open a bank account，you need to produce____in addition to your passport．A．a library card B．a registration formC．a telephone bill D．a receipt12．Which of the following might NOT be included in the‘utility bill’？A．Rent．B．Gas．C．Water．D．Telephone．13．According to the passage,what can one do in the post office？A．Getting contact details．B．Obtaining tax forms．C．Paying housing rents．D．Applying for loans．Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage．At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now，listen to the passage．14．According to the passage，‘scheduling’means that youA．need to be efficient in work．B．plan your work properly．C．try to finish work ahead of time．D．know how to work in teams．15．According to the passage，one of the activities to relax could beA．protecting wild animals．B．spending time with your family．C．learning how to read efficiently．D．learning how to do gardening．16．One of the ways to reduce stress is toA．do better than anyone else．B．fulfill high ambitions in one's work．C．work and have reasonable aims．D．start with a relatively low aim．17．According to the passage，to reduce stress has something to do with the following EXCEPTA．one’s position．B．one's interest．C．one’s health．D．one's mood．Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage．At the end of the passage，you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now，listen to the passage．18．According to the passage，new words tend to come fromA．world politics．B．advances in science．C．areas of life．D．all the above．19．The passage explains the larger and richer vocabulary of English mainly from a viewpoint．A．historical B．culturalC．commercial D．colonial20．According to the passage,which of the following statements best describes the English language？A．It is outdated in grammar．B．It accepts new words from science．C．It has begun taking in new words．D．It tends to embrace new words.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section，you will hear several news items．Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Questions 21 and 22 are based OH the following news．At the end of the news item，you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now listen to the news．21．Where was the marble statue found？A．Out in the sea．B．Inside a bath house．C．On a cliff along the coast．D．On the coast outside Jerusalem．22．Which of the following best describes the condition of the statue?A．It was incomplete．B．It was recent artwork．C．It was fairly tall．D．It was in pieces．Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news．At the end of the news item．you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now，listen to the news．23．The rescue efforts concentrated mainly onA．the U．S．—Canada border B．snow—stricken regions．C．highways．D．city streets．24．According to the news，the last group of people might have been stranded in their vehiclesfor more than ____ hours before being rescued．A．24 B．25 C．40 D．48Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news．At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now，listen to the news．25．According to the 2006 anti-smoking restrictions，smoking was NOT allowed inA．offices．B．restaurants．C．bars．D．school playgrounds．26．According to the news，which of the following groups reacts negatively to the new law?A．Television producers．B．Hotel owners．C．Medical workers．D．Hospital management．Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news．At the end of the news item，you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the news．27．According to the news，who first discovered the fraud？A．A client．B．A bank manager．C．The police．D．Bank headquarters．28．When did the bank employee hand himself in？A．A month before the fraud was discovered．B．A day before the fraud was discovered．C．A day after the police launched investigation．D．A month after he transferred the money．Question 29 is based on the following news．At the end of the news item，you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question．Now，listen to the news．29．What is this news item mainly about？A．How to open Hotmail accounts．B．How to retrieve missing e—mails．C．New e-mail service by Microsoft．D．Problems and complaints about e-mails．Question30 is based on the following news．At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question．Now，listen to the news．30．Compared with 2009，which of the following figures remained about the same in 2010?A．Number of tickets sold．B．Box office revenues．C．Attendance rate．D Number of cinemasPART III CLOZE 【15 MIN】Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks．Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two．The earthquake of 26th December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory．It was a （31) _____ underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean．It (32) ____ coastlines，communities and brought death to many people．Why do earthquakes happen?The surface of the earth has not always looked as it does today；it is moving(33)____ （although very slowly)and has done so for billions of years．This is one(34）____ of earthquakes,when one section of the earth （tectonic plate)（35）____ another．Scientists can predict where but not(36)____ this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line．On one fault line in Kobe，Japan in 1923 over 200,000 people were killed．(37)____，earthquakes do not alwayshappen on fault lines，(38)____ is why they are so dangerous and (39)____．Where do volcanoes happen?Volcanoes happen where the earth's(40)____ is thin：lava，dust and gases（41）____ from beneath the earth．They can rise into a huge cone shape like a mountain and erupt,(42)____ they can be so violent(43）____ they just explode directly from the earth with no warning．There are 1511（44)’____' volcanoes in the world．This means that they may（45）____ be dangerous．In1985 the Colombian volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupted．The lava melted a glacier and sent tones of mud(46)____ the town below．Twenty thousand people died．Natural disasters like volcanic eruptions are often unpredictable．We regularly do not know when they(47)____ pen,or (48）____ where they will happen．In the future，scientists may be able to watch and predict(49）____ before they happen．This could（50）____ many lives．31．A．massive B．significant C．great D．grand32．A．changed B．converted C．destroyed D．transformed33．A．frequently B．continuously C．regularly D．periodically34．A．source B．reason C．movement D．cause35．A．collides with B．confronts with C．meets with D．faces with36．A．how B．why C．when D．what37．A．Generally B．However C．Similarly D．Anyway38．A．that B．it C．this D．which39．A．unpredictable B．unaccountable C．inevitable D．irresistible40．A．surface B．appearance C．crust D．cover41．A．flowed out B．burst out C．1eaked out D．trickled out42．A．or B．and C．nor D．but43．A．like B．for C．as D．that44．A．living B．active C．alive D．live45．A．relatively B．hardly C．still D．gradually46．A．down B．on C．across D．beyond47．A．are to B．should C．must D．might48．A．else B．even C．though D．whether49．A．accidents B．incidents C．occasions D．events50．A．rescue B．save C．preserve D．shelterPART IV GRAMMAR &VOCABULARY 【15 MIN】There are thirty sentences in this section．Beneath each sentence there are four words，phrases or statements marked A,B，C and D．Choose one word，phrase or statement that best completes the sentence．Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two．51．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A．Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him．B．No one except his supporters agree with him．C．Neither Julia nor I were going to the party．D．Few students in my class are really lazy．52．Which of the following determiners（限定词）can be placed before both singular count nouns and plural count nouns？A．many a B．few C．such D．the next53．Which of the following reflexive pronouns(反身代词）is used as an appositive(同位语)?A,He promised himself rapid progress．B．The manager herself will interview Mary．C．I have nothing to say for myself．D．They quarreled themselves red in the face．54．My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch．A．be sent B．were sent C．were to be sent D．must be sent55．Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS？A．By now she will be eating dinner．B．I shall never do that again．C．My brother will help you with the luggage．D．You shall get a promotion．56．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A．How strange feelings they are！B．How dare you speak to me like that！C．What noise they are making！D。
2012年12月英语四级阅读理解解析
这篇关于2012年12⽉英语四级阅读理解解析，是特地为⼤家整理的，希望对⼤家有所帮助！Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. If you’re a male and you’re reading this, congratulations: you’re a survivor. According to statistics, you’re more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman, than nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you’ll die on average five years before a woman. There’re many reasons for this – typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke – but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor. “Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should,” says Dr. Gullotta. “This is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike.” Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over45, it should be at least once a year. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year. “When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer,” he says. “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged (延长) his life.” According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group. “A lot of men think they’re invincible (不可战胜的),” Gullotta says. “They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, ‘Geez, if it could happen to him, …’” Then there’s the ostrich approach.“Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr, Ross Cartmill. “Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups. Regular check-ups for men would inevitable place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says. “But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost far greater; it’s called premature death.” 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2012年12月CET4-英语四级参考答案2
2012年12月大学英语四级(CET-4)参考答案作文范文Education PayWhat is shown in the chart above is that those people with high degree earn more than those with lower. For example, staff with master’s degree receive a better payment than those with bachelor’s degree, according to a survey of the payment to the employee. These survey indicates that education degree does have a relationship with earnings, contrary to the recent theory of useless education.Recently, there is a heated discussion about the significance of the education. Some people hold a view that higher education is useless since college education cannot mesh with the social needs. Some think that higher education is indispensable if you want to go far in both your studies and life. Now that survey has proved which part is wiser.As for me, I definitely support the view that education is necessary for people’s life. Reading can not only make me survive well in this society with **petition but also help me make sense of life. I pursue for it for my whole life.1-5 BCBAD 6-7 CD 8. closed and inflexible 9. combined 10. creating a reality of his own11-15 BADAA 16-20 DBBCA 21-25 DCDCA 26-30 BCDAC 31-35 DDBCB36. selection 37. knowledge 38. vegetables 39. purchase 40. determines41. single 42. responsible 43. rush44. Partly as a result of this limited time, over half of all American homes now havemicrowave ovens45. The United States Department of Agriculture and the food industry collect salesstatistics and keep accurate records46. Red meat, which used to be the most popular choice for dinner ,is no longer anAmerican favorite.47. N 48. D 49. M 50 B 51. I 52. L 53. O 54. G 55. F 56. E57-61 CBACD 62-66 DCBAA67-71 DBCAC 72-76 BADCB 77-81ACADB 82-86 CBDAD87. had I felt so excited88. would have said something she would regret later89. (in) concentrating on reviewing / going over my lessons90. have heard **municating / talking in French91. available for free听力原文Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A ConversationsShort Conversations11.- W:Have you finished that painting for the new student center?M: Just this morning, I’ve been working extra hours all week, you know the building opens tomorrow.Q: What does the man mean?12. M: Do you sell camping gear?W: Yes, we have tents, sleeping bags, just about everything you might need, including stoves.Q: What is the man probably going to do?13. M: Hi Jenny have you talked to Mr Wright about the new sports program?W: well, I contacted his office half an hour ago, and his secretary said he was out for lunch until 2:00.Q: What does the woman mean?14.M：Bill says he’s not working so hard on his biology project.W: But he spends a lot of time in the lab, doesn’t he?Q: What does the woman imply about Bill?15.M: I have to say i find the new smoking regulations too strict.W: Well, they are for everyone’s health. I have no complaints.Q: What are the speakers talking about?16.W: Jack asked me to drop off this report. He’s tight up in meetings all m orning.M: I was hoping he brings it in himself, I need to talk with him about it.Q: Why can’t **e in person?17.M: Should we invite Mr.Smith to join us for dinner this weekend,he has **e back from England.W: You can have a try, but as far as i know,he seldom accepts invitations from his employeesQ: What can we infer about Mr.Smith?18.W: This place doesn’t look familiar at all, we must be lost.M：Yes，it seems so. Let’s pull in here, while i’m filling in the tank,you go ask the way and get me something to drink please.Q: What does the man going to do first?Long Conversation 1M: Well ,did you enjoy it?W: Yes, I enjoy it much more that I thought I would.M: Really?W: Yes, I don’t usually go to science fiction films.I don’t think they are much better **ics on film, if you know what I mean.M : Yes, sure.And a few years ago,they were certainly like that. But they’ve got a lot better now.W: Yes, and historical films, that’s what I really like. I never miss a good film set in middle ages. Oh, and love stories, I never miss one on TV.M: Fondly enough, I don’t like those kinds of films at all. But to come back to this one, I personally didn’t think it was very good . It certainly wasn’t as good as other science fiction films I’ve ever seen.W: Wasn’t it?M: No, not at all. Oh, the effects were very good.W: Yes, I thought they were marvelous. Especially the battle in space, incredable.M: Yes, but I was going to say I thought the acting was terrible.W: Yes. I suppose Jason was too good to be true. And what was the name of the Baddy?M: Cargon?W: Yeah. Cargon was really evil, wasn’t he? But I suppose that’s what these films are all about—good triumphing over evil. And the characters have to be black and white.M: Well ,yes, but not always. Worth the well wasn’t like for example. Anyway, you enjoy the film. That’s the most important.W: Yes, I did. Thanks for taking me.Q:19. What does the man say about the science fiction films?20. What opinion did the speakers share about the film they just seen?21. What to be learned about Jason and Cargon?Long Conversation 2M: Can I ask you about your evening class? What class do you go to?W: Car maintance.M: What night of the week it on?W: Wednesday night.M: And how long does it last?M: Well, it supposed to start at 6, but that’s a bit of problem because people have difficulty getting through the traffic. So we start at 6: 30 and then it goes on until the 9 o’clock.M: And what was your reason for wanting to do the class?W: Well, I just bought my first car and I don’t know anything about cars. So I thought it was a good opportunity to learn. I guess most of the peole in the class are in the same situation.M: Um, and what do you actually do? Do you bring the car along to the class?W: Yes, we do. And in the first part of the lesson, the first half hour, the man who runs the class will go though some particular part of the car, and we’ll learn about it. And then we spend the rest of the time, actually working on my own cars, the same problem.M: And how many people are there in the class?W: Mm, I think 16, but 3 quarters of them are women. It’s quite interesing because the man is obiously used to teaching man. And he always starts his sentence by saying, ” Wow, your chops were slow.” And then he stops and says “Oh, any woman, you ladies, but...ur..”M: Mm..sounds funny.Q:22. What does the woman say about her evening class?23. Why did the wman want to attend to the class?24.What do the people who attend the class do in the first part of the lesson?25. What do we learn about participants in the class?Section B PassagesPassage 1We don’t choose friends on the basis of how much money they have, of course, but lots of differences can be disturbing to both sides. Aaron, for example,was single, and earns a very good salary. Her friend, Pat, the divorced mother of three, is struggli ng to make ends meet. “We are both frequent theater-goers,” Aaron explains, “ and I’ll glad ly pay for two tickets, just to have **pany it plays in concerts , but she won’t go anywhere unless she can pay herown way. I hate to go alone, so we both stay home. It all seems so silly.” Pat sees the situation differently. After her unhappy marrige to a man who was trying to control her without considering her wishes and feelings ,she says, “ it’s very important to me to carry my own weight. I’m **fortable in any relationship where all I do is take. ”The difficult situation finally changed when Aaron moved recently. Pat’s children were with their father, so she took a picnik lunch to her friends new plays, then spend the day helping her unpack and get settled. “ I was so grateful, ” Aarons says, “ but I persuaded Pat to let me return the favour in my own way with season tickets to our little theater group. I think she’s beginning to recognize that she contributes as much to our friendship, but I do”26. What do we learn about Pat?27. What draws Aaron and Pat together?28. What does Aaron do to re turn Pat’s favor?29. What do we learn friendship from the passage?Passage 2Sun School in the town of Ashbert in England is a day school for children age 10 to 18.It is based on the value of social equality between students and stuff, and has few rules.Sun School believes that the healthy growth of the child is more important than academic success. It offers a variety of lessons and activities for students to choose from. In free time for children to follow their own interests.Classes are small,and based on the individual needs of each child. The timetable is fixed.But democratically decided and students are expected to attend.The weekly school meeting is at the center of the way sun school is orgnized.It mix all the decisions that affect theschool,including rules, the timetable and accepting or rejecting new students and teachers.Participating in thease meetings gives children an understand of democratic decision making and helps them develops their skills of argument and persuasion.The most import a dvantage of the school meeting is that it shows the children that the school is really their’s.Theyhave the right to decide on changes. And the school’s success or failure depends on their decisions and their behavior.Sun School employs no cooking or cleaning stuff,these jobs are done by students and teachers.Decorating and simple repairs are also done by students, it is believed that school truly belongs to who use it, they must take responsibility for its maintenance.30. what value is Sun School based on?31. what is characteristic of the school decision making processur program?32. why does sun school ask the students to do the maintainance?Passage 3Well, to continue, as i mentioned earlier, there is also research that demonstrates that individuals perform worse, not better on tasks when other people are there. R.W.Harburt did an interesting experiment. He had his sujects learn a finger maze. This is a game in which you indicate with your finger the way through a complex system of passages or paths.The subjects who had an audience did worse than the subjects who did alone.Now how can we explain these very different results? It seemed very confusing for a long time. Social psychologist, John Roberts, finally cleared up the confusion about why people sometimes perform better and sometimes worse in front of an audience. Roberts found that the presence of an audience facilitates what you already know how to do. That is, if you know what you are doing, having an audience helps you do it bette r.But if you don’t already know how to do something, you will probably make some mistakes and you will make mistakes for a longer time if you have an audience. That’s exactly what happened to the subjects who were learning the finger maze.So, if you were doing well, having an audience increases the chances that you will continue to do well. If you were doing badly, having an audience increases the chances that you will continue to do badly. Roberts cleverly pointed out that when you are first learning something, you are better off working alone than practicing with other people.33. What did the speaker probably discuss **ing to this part of the talk?34. When does the presence of an audience facilitate your performance according to Roberts?35. What does Roberts think as a better way to learn new things?Section C Compound DictationAmericans today have different eating habits than they had in the past. There is a wide selection of food available. They have a broader knowledge of nutrition, so they buy more fresh fruit and vegetables than ever before. At the same time, Americans purchase increasing quantities of sweets and sodas.Statistics show that the way people live determines the way they eat. American life-styles have changed. There are now growing numbers of people who live alone, single parents and children, and double-income families. These changing life styles are responsible for the incresing number of people who must rush meals or sometimes simply go without them. Many Americans have less time than ever before to spend preparing food. Partly as a consequence of this limited time, over half of all American homes now have microwave ovens. Moreover, Americans eat out nearly four times a week on average. It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people consume. The United States Department of Agriculture and the food industry collect sales statistics and keep accurate records. This information not only tells us what people are eating but also tells us about the changes in attitudes and tastes. Red meat, which used to be the most popular choice for dinner, is no longer an American favorite. Instead, chicken, turkey, and fish have become more popular. Sales of these foods have greatly increased in recent years.。
2012年春季海--天四级模拟答案超精分析
2012年春季海--天四级模拟答案超精分析D四级模拟答案超精分析Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)1. The passage gives a general description of the structure and use of a landfill.【参考答案】Y【解题思路】通过文章开头以及各个段落的小标题，可以得知本文的主要内容就是讲了垃圾处理场的结构以及作用。
2. Most of the trash that Americans generate ends up in landfills.【参考答案】Y【解题思路】根据关键词the trash和Americans定位在文章的第二段。
特别是第二段的最后半句the majority is buried in landfills. But后面的转折就是强调，是语意重点，强调就是考点，而题干中Most of和the majority是同意思相反，所以是错误的。
5. In most countries the selection of a landfill site is governed by rules and regulations.【参考答案】Y【解题思路】根据关键词rules and regulations 和In most countries定位在第四个小标题下，而文中的In most parts of the world, there are regulations that govern where a landfill can be placed and how it can operate.正好是对题目意思的同义转述，所以为正确的。
6. In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments. 【参考答案】N【解题思路】根据关键词the building of landfills和In the United States定位在第四个小标题下的第二段，根据该段内容表述，In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities （在美国，建造垃圾场是当地政府的责任和职责）。
2012专四阅读理解参考答案
2012专四阅读理解参考答案（周玉亮版）81. C There is a variety of expressions of appreciation82. B Thanks83. D Sure84. A Gender85. C show their gratitude to others86. B had great impact on American’s work and life87. D couldn’t sell their home in Big Lake88. A Cindy had seen the benefits of gardening in a different way.89. C built up family ties and kid’s enthusiasm90. B It gave her confidence and optimism91. D emphasize the sharp contrast between now and then92. A pessimistic93. D mildly critical of94. B parents and children feel equally disappointed95. C graduate unemployment is both a political and social issue96. A awe97. C the mummy was found lying right inside the stone coffin98. B quiet99. A gigantic structure, great desert expanse100.B objective.1. C manufacturers2. A ask for others’ advice before buying things3. D cautious4. D she is not happy about her study pressure5. A it is useful6. C she has no chance to make friends7. B to try to change accommodation.8. B it is an anniversary of the internet9. D has varied opinions about the internet use10.A the future of the internet11.C a telephone bill12.A rent13.D applying for loans14.B plan your work properly15.D learning how to do gardening16.C work and have reasonable aims17.A one’s position18.D all the above19.A historical20.D it tends to embrace new words21.C on a cliff along the coast (此题也可能选D)22.A it was incomplete23.B snow stricken24.D 48(此题答案有可能不准确，当时听的时候一闪而过）25.A offices26.B hotel owners27.B a bank manager28.C a day after the police launched investigation29.D problems and complaints about e-mails30.B box office revenue2012专四完形填空参考答案（周玉亮版）31.A massive32.D transformed33.B continuously34.D cause35.A collided with36.C when37.B however38.D which39.A unpredictable40.C crust41.B bursts out42.B and43.D that44.B active45.C still46.B (on和across有点纠结，也可能选其他的）47.A (are to 和might 仿佛都可以，只是语气不同）48.B even49.A accidents50.B save2012专四语法与词汇参考答案（周玉亮版）51. B. No one except his supporters agree with him或C. Neither Juila nor I were going to the party考点：主谓一致问题52. 限定词可以放在可数名词单复数之前答案：C. such53. 反身代词做同位语答案：B. The manager herself will interview Mary.54. 答案：A. be sent虚拟语气55. 表达willingness的句子答案：C. My brother will help you with your luggage.56. 哪句语法有错？答案：A. How strange feelings they are!大家应该知道what 和how 用于感叹句时的区别57. 下面哪个做主语subject答案：D. It is clear that the crime was done deliberately主语从句58. 下面哪个做宾语object答案：C. My parents strongly object to my going out alone at night.59. 下面哪一个不包含同位语appositive答案：Ａ. She bought herself a pair of shoes.60. Shall we buy the tickets first?答案：C. He suggested that we buy the tickets first.61. 原因状语从句an adverbial clause of cause答案：As there were no answer, I wrote again.62. 状语adverbial答案：Ｄ. Despite the rain, everyone enjoyed the trip.63. 答案：A. so I did.64. 让步状语从句an adverbial of concession答案：For all that he seems to dislike me, I still like him.65. 答案：B. There machinery were introduced in the factory.集体名词如police, people, cattle, militia, poultry等，通常作复数，用复数动词。
2012.12.17四级真题阅读部分解析
2012.12.17四级真题阅读部分解析点评：此次四级考试阅读部分继承了2010年12月份和2011年6月份的难度，就是两个字“正常”。
快速阅读非常简单，前面7道选择题题目简单明了，题干与选项都很短，定位明确，选项分明，干扰项迷惑性小，基本道道题送分。
三道填空题难度基本正常，除最后一道题难度加大外，第八题与第九题都很正常，第十题的水门事件我相信有的同学会填错成其他的名词或者落掉scandal 这个词，这个空难，可以错。
相信大部分同学的正确率应该在8个以上。
其中第八题我看网上个别老师有把答案错误的给成了stealing a grade,这是原词，这里得变型，属于低级错误。
选词填空难度比前几次大幅降低，基本回归到了06年的水平，用我课上讲的划词法去做应该问题不大，其中难点是significant和marvel ous 的区分，consist和comprise的区分。
别的没什么。
传统阅读此次难度比前两次考试难度略微增大一点，主要体现在第二篇文章的第一段以及其所对应的第一道题目上。
第一篇文章有一道题目的答案和网上不同，具体看下面分析。
快速阅读：A.C.A.B.A.C.ZSteal a gradeHonesty and good faithWatergate Scandal选词填空：H.A.N.O.DM.CG.K.B传统阅读：C.A.C.A.DC.D.A.D.C说明：1.题干中的蓝色字为此道题目定位的信号词2.文章中的蓝色字为题干中信号词对应的定位点3.文章中下划线句子为题目答案所在句。
4.选项中红色字为该选项的错误所在。
5.具体6大类常见干扰项在题目中简称体现如下：无中生有——无推断过度——推taught al ongside girls.Tony littl e,headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being fail ed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their femal es peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.But in singl e-sex schools teachers can tail or l essons to boy’s l earning styl e, l etting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study’s author, Abigail James, of the University of VirginiaTeachers coul d encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with “boy-focused” approaches such as themes and characters that appeals to them. Because boys generallyhave more acute vision, l earn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given “hand-on” l essons where they are all owed to walk around. “Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine(女性的)and prefer the modern genre(类型) in which viol ence and sexism are major themes” James wrote.Singl e-sex education also made it l ess likely that boys woul d feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men shoul d be “masterful and in charge” in relationships, “In mixed schools boys feel compell ed to act like men before they und erstand themselves well enough to know what that means.” The study reported.57 The author believes that a singl e-sex school woul d__________A force boys to hid e their emotions to be “real man” 自B help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boys 无C encourage boys to express their emotions more freelyD naturally reinforce in boys the traditional image of a man 无，自答案：C。