中考英语 阅读题型一 完形填空

阅读题型篇阅读题型一完形填空01 命题趋势考标导向化1.考查内容完形填空是全国各省、地、市中考的必考题型，在中考英语试卷中一般占总分的10%—15%。

从近几年的中考命题趋势来看，完形填空基本上遵循“突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际”的设计思路，注重测试考生运用所学的知识，对文章提供的信息进行逻辑推理、分析归纳的综合能力。

完形填空考查考生对语法、词汇、句型、句式、词语惯用法等的掌握情况，特别是考查动词、名词、形容词、副词等实词，此外还有状语从句的连接词、词组搭配及常用的词语、冠词、不定代词等。

2.考查难度完形填空题型综合性较高，难度较大。

具体地说，虽然完形填空首句不挖空，但是四个选项(个别试题给出三个选项)都有较强的迷惑性和干扰性，同时命题者加大了句子层次和语篇层次设空所占的比例，有些后置性设空的难度也较大，有的答案提示一直到篇末才出现，因此区分度较高。

3.试题特点完形填空的基本设计形式都是从一篇短文中抽走10—15处，形成空白。

可以说完形填空是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空，也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解，试题特点也逐渐出现了“情景推理多，语法选项少”的趋势。

近年中考英语完形填空试题中，完全根据语法知识进行选择的很少。

有的题目，既考查语法知识，也考查意义选择，而且淡化语法知识，侧重根据文章内容确定答案的“情景意义”选择几乎已经覆盖了完形填空的全部试题。

预计2015年中考完形填空题将继续体现“突出语篇”的命题原则，即“意义填空逐步取代语法填空”，题材和体裁的选取会更加生活化、多样化，选材内容新颖，时代感强，更加注重贴近学生的生活实际。

加大对文章的结构意义、上下文衔接、逻辑思维等内容的考查，将是中考完形填空的命题趋势。

02 方法归纳能力提升化1.重视首句，把握开篇完形填空一般无标题，首句通常不挖空，是完整的一句。

细读首句，可判断文章体裁，同时可预测文章的主旨和大意。

2.通读全文，掌握大意解题前，要快速通读全文，了解文章的基本内容和整体结构。

首先要跳过空白处，通读全文，遇到对意思理解不透的地方时，仍要快速阅读下去，不要把时间浪费在对个别字句的推敲上，应全力以赴捕捉可能获得的所有信息，尽快了解文章大意，弄清楚文章中涉及的“W”,即：who (人物)，what (事件)，when (时间)，where (地点)，why (原因)，whose(相互关系)。

切忌看一空填一空，以免断章取义，误解作者的本意。

3.瞻前顾后，逐步填空“瞻前顾后”，即答题时要回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。

如果一句中有两个空白处待填，在初定答案时要“双管齐下”，在两处同时试填，然后通读全句，通过择优法或排除法最后确定答案。

4.抓住关键词，根据上下文解题解题时，要善于发现文章中起重要作用的关键词、短语或句子，以便准确了解所提问题的特定语境以及语篇中的内在关系，做到言之有据。

比如文章的第一句、每段的第一句和最后一句等，它们往往是全文或全段的主题句，通过它们可以知道文章的题材、大意、时间、人物和事件等。

5.复读全文，验证答案把填好的短文通读一遍，将不合题意的答案调整或修改；如果实在无法确定，可以作推理性猜测，不可放弃不填。

进行核查同时注意以下三点：(1)上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致。

(2)语法和惯用法及习惯搭配，甚至从语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。

(3)段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。

03 整合集训反馈层级化▲记叙篇A(2014·镇江)Recently，I felt like I reached a very low point in life. My relationships weren’t good，I wasn’t enjoying my classes，and I felt like I had nothing to 1 .My life seemed to be full of endless homework，tests and loneliness. Nothing anyone said seemed 2 to me. I wasn’t sure what to do about myself. All I wanted was to be happy again，but I didn’t know who or what would 3 that.During these days，I had trouble sleeping. I had to take sleeping pills but still woke up in the midnight. I had no 4 but to tell my dad. He 5 the book The Secret.I immediately bought the e-book online and read the whole thing that night. I’m 6 quite a stubborn person，but the effect on my mood after finishing the book was 7 .Suddenly，I felt like life was beautiful again.I had never felt such a deep and quick 8 in my life before.In fact，the book’s message was very simple—think positively(积极地).The book had many success stories about how people were able to 9 money，soul mates(心灵伙伴)and old friends back into their lives.I started learning to thank everything in my life like them.Little by little，I realized that The Secret could only work 10 I believed these people’s success stories.Now I’m sure I can bring myself happiness. ( )1.A.take care of e up withC.look down onD.look forward to( )2.A.helpful B.colourfulC.peacefulD.powerful( )3.A.serve B.offerC.answerD.prevent( )4.A.problem B.ideaC.needD.doubt( )5.A.borrowed B.collectedC.returnedD.recommended( )6.A.normally B.mainlyC.finallyD.probably( )7.A.realistic monC.obviousD.serious( )8.A.breath B.noticeC.surpriseD.change( )9.A.attract B.controlC.imagineD.mention( )10.A.until B.whenC.unlessD.beforeB(2014·安徽)Once there lived a farmer called Henry. He had a brother，Mike，in town who was an excellent gardener. His skill and his beautiful trees were 1 everywhere.One day，Henry went to town to visit Mike.“Look，my brother，”said Mike，“Here is the best 2 tree from my garden.Take it home and 3 it so that you，and your children，and your children’s children can enjoy it.”Henry was 4 with the apple tree and went back home.The next morning，he began to 5 where he should plant it.“If I plant it on the hill，”said he to himself，“the wind migh t catch it and 6 down the fruit;If I plant it close to the road，people who pass by will pick some of them;But if I plant it…”7 he planted the tree in the corner behind his house，where no one else could notice it.But the tree bore(结出)no fruit the first year，nor the second.Then Henry sent for his brother and said to him 8 ，“You have cheated me.This is the third year and it brings me 9 but leaves.”When Mike saw where the tree was planted，he laughed and said，“You have planted the tree in such a cold corner without 10 or warmth.How，then，could you expect flowers and fruit?”( )1.A.simple B.famousC.similarmon( )2.A.pear B.grapeC.appleD.banana( )3.A.sell B.washC.hideD.plant( )4.A.tired B.patientC.pleasedD.popular( )5.A.learn B.wonderC.realizeD.understand( )6.A.put B.cutC.pushD.shake( )7.A.Finally B.FirstlyC.LuckilyD.Certainly( )8.A.happily B.angrilyC.kindlyD.carelessly( )9.A.nothing B.somethingC.everythingD.anything( )10.A.air B.earthC.waterD.sunlightC(2014·河南)“It’s raining cats and dogs!” Grandpa shouted.Little Richie came running to the window. He wanted to see the 1 falling from the sky.He looked out of the window，but it was 2 that there were no cats or dogs.He only saw small pools of water on the ground.“Man，it’s really coming down out there!” Uncle Bob agreed 3 he looked out of the window，too. Richie scratched his head(挠头).What was coming down? First they talked about cats and dogs that 4 be seen. Now someone said “it”.What was going on with these 5 ?“Wow!” Aunt Susie shouted as she looked out of the window.“It’s raining really hard.”Richie 6 his aunt.“It’s raining hard，” he agreed，“but 7 are the cats and dogs?”Grandpa laughed.“ Richie，that just 8 it’s raining really hard.”“So why didn’t you just say that?” Richie 9 .It was irritating(恼人的)when people spoke like they were not speaking English at all.“We did.You just didn’t understand these 10 .” Richie’s cousin said with a big smile.“Well，now I do.” Richie said.( )1.A.tigers and lions B.pigs and sheepC.cats and dogsD.chickens and ducks ( )2.A.important B.possibleC.necessaryD.st range( )3.A.unless B.afterC.tillD.though( )4.A.couldn’t B.should n’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t( )5.A.days B.animalsC.ideasD.people( )6.A.shouted at B.looked atughed atD.pointed at( )7.A.what B.howC.whereD.who( )8.A.explains B.provesC.meansD.shows( )9.A.ordered B.thoughtC.repeatedD.asked( )10.A.sayings B.questionsC.objectsD.stories▲说明篇A(2014·曲靖)In some science fiction movies，people in the future have their own robots.These robots are just like humans.They help with the housework and do the most 1 jobs.Some scientists believe that there will be such robots in the future.However，they agree it may take hundreds of years.Scientists are now trying to make robots look like people and 2 the same things as us.Japanese companies have already made robots walk and dance.This kind of robot will also be fun to watch.But robot scientist James White disagrees.He thinks that it will be 3 for a robot to do the same things as a person.For example，it’s easy for a child to 4 and know where he or she is.Mr White thinks that robots won’t be able to do this.But other scientists disagree.They think that robots will be able to talk to people 5 25 to 50 years.Robot scientists are not just trying to make robots look like people.For example，there are already robots 6 in factories.These robots look more like huge arms.They do simple jobs over and over again.People would not like to do such jobs and would get bored.But robots will 7 get bored.In the future，there will be more robots everywhere，and humans will have 8 work to do.New robots will have many different 9 .Some will look like humans，and others might look like 10 .After an earthquake，a snake robot could help look for people under buildings.That may not seem possible now，but computers，space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.We never know what will happen in the future! ( )1.A.unpleasant B.pleasantC.boredD.interesting( )2.A.to do B.doingC.doD.did( )3.A.easy B.possibleC.excitingD.hard( )4.A.look up B.wake upC.turn upD.put up( )5.A.after B.beforeC.aboutD.in( )6.A.work B.workingC.to workD.worked( )7.A.no B.everC.neverD.always( )8.A.less B.a littleC.fewerD.a few( )s B.colorsC.sizesD.shapes( )10.A.turtles B.snakesC.monstersD.spidersB(2014·安徽)In China，very few children make pocket money.1 ，in western countries，most kids make pocket money by themselves. They make money in many different2 .When kids are very young，their parents helpthem sell the fruits of their own trees to neighbours.Kids may also help 3 do housework to make money at home.When they 4 sixteen，they can make money by sending newspapers or by working in fast food restaurants， 5 during the summer holidays.There are many 6 of making pocket money by kids themselves. First of all，they learn the 7 of money by working hard so that they will not waste any. Secondly，they learn to 8 money to buy things they need or want，such as books，pencils，movies，and even clothes they like. Thirdly，they learn to 9 the daily life problems by helping their parents or others. Making pocket money is 10 for children when they grow up. That is why parents encourage their kids to make pocket money.( )1.A.Also B.AnywayC.HoweverD.Besides( )2.A.ways B .levelsC.homesD.countries( )3.A.teachers B.friendsC.parentsD.neighbours( )4.A.get B.haveC.catchD.reach( )5.A.really B.hardlyC.properlyD.especially( )6.A.choices B.advantagesC.problemsD.lessons( )7.A.fun B.valueC.messageD.purpose( )8.A.count B.wasteC.manageD.change( )9.A.give up B.look upC.deal withD.meet with( )10.A.helpful B.carefulC.beautifulD.successfulC(2014·呼和浩特)Early in the morning，at noon，or in the evening in big cities and in the countryside，all over the United States，you can see Americans running—men and women，young and old.People run 1 —along the beaches of California， 2 Central Park in New York，down quiet streets in small towns or at the gym.Some people even run in 3 living rooms.Running wasn’t so popular in the past.I n the 1960s，runners were mostly athletes and healthy strong people.When people saw a runner，they used 4 ，“Hey，what’s the hurry for？”or they might say to 5 ，“Is he crazy？”At that time，women almost never ran.If they did，they might be laughed at.But today all these have 6 .Men and women of all 7 enjoy running.Doctors say many of the health problems in the United States 8 these bad habits:eating too much，smoking cigarettes，and taking 9 exercise.Doctors tell us，“Eat less，don’t smoke，and exercise mo re.” Running is a good exercise 10 it helps build strong hearts and lungs.It also helps most people lose weight.( )1.A.anywhere B.somewhereC.everywhereD.nowhere( )2.A.among B.throughC.withD.on( )3.A.our B.yourC.hisD.their( )4.A.to asking B.to speakC.to speakingD.to ask( )5.A.them B.themselvesC.theirD.they( )6.A.changed B.stoppedC.workedD.done( )7.A.people B.citiesC.villagesD.ages( )e from B.look forC.care forD.think of( )9.A.few B.manyC.muchD.little( )10.A.how B.whereC.becauseD.until▲议论篇A(2014·潍坊)Rich or poor，young or old，we all have problems. We can easily become unhappy 1 we solve our problems. 2 about our problems can affect how we do things at school or at home. So how do we deal with our problems?Most of us have p robably been angry 3 our friends，parents or teachers.Perhaps they said something you didn’t like，or you felt they were unfair.Sometimes，people can stay angry for years abut a small problem.Time goes by，and good friendships may 4 .When we are angry，however，we are usually the ones affected.Have you ever seen young childrenplaying together?But they fight very soon，and decide not to talk to each other.However，this usually doesn’t 5 for long.They become good friends again.This is an importa nt 6 for us，we can solve a problem by leaning to forget.Many students often complain about school. They might feel they have too much work to do sometimes，or think the rules are too 7 .We must learn how to change these “problems” into “challenges”(挑战).As young adults，it is our duty 8 our best to deal with each challenge with the help of our teachers.By comparing yourself to other people，you will find your problems are not so 9 .Think about Stephen Hawking，for example，a very clever scientist.He can’t walk or even speak，but he regards his many physical problems as unimportant.Now he is known 10 a great scientist in the world.We are probably quite healthy and smart.Let’s not worry about our problems.Let’s face the challenges instead.( )1.A.unless B.ifC.whenD.as( )2.A.Worry B.WorryingC.WorriedD.Worries( )3.A.of B.toC.withD.in( )4.A.lose B.be lostC.keepD.be kept( )st B.doC.produceD.make( )6.A.program B.toolC.classD.lesson( )7.A.kind B.strictC.weakD.free( )8.A.to try B.to haveC.to putD.to keep( )9.A.terrible B.pleasantC.painlesseful( )10.A.about B.forC.withD.asB(2014·重庆)These days，some middle schools in China are trying to do something different.The students choose classes according to their own needs. For each subject，they can make a choice from different levels(等级)of difficulty. So instead of staying in the 1 classroom，they go to different rooms to have their lessons.And the teachers make special teaching plans for 2 .There are different opinions about it.Xia Rui，a 13-year-old girl，said，“ I really love it.I think it’s nice that we can 3 classes by ourselves.My English is poor.I used to be afraid to answer questions in class.I think that the good students may 4 me when I make mistakes.Now I feel much more relaxed.”But her classmate Chen Gang didn’t agree.“ I don’t think it is so good 5 it is difficult for students to find where the classrooms are，” he said.“During the breaks，students can be seen here and there，running and shouting to find their 6 .”“I’m worried that some students may think they are in the lower class 7 lose interested in the subject，” their math teacher，Mr.Wang said.“I also 8 that some parents may feel unhappy if their kids study a subject at an easy level.”“In my ey es，it is good 9 both students and teachers，”Mr.Wang also said.“As teachers，we can make teaching plans more 10 and the students will develop better.”( )1.A.clean B.sameC.brightD.empty( ) B.himC.themD.you( )3.A.play B.teachC.chooseD.work( )ugh at B.listen toC.look afterD.wait for( )5.A.whether B.becauseC.whenD.before( )6.A.parents B.friendsC.booksD.classrooms( )7.A.and B.butC.tillD.or( )8.A.hope B.reportC.cryD.worry( )9.A.for B.atC.onD.with( )10.A.slowly B.easilyC.quietlyD.brightlyC(2014·阜康)Sometimes we have a fight with a friend. Manytimes，you find that you even forgot what the 1 was about.You just seemed to be angry，and then 2 talking to each other.Time goes by and you realize that you 3 the friendship，and wished you could talk to your friend again.Leaving the argument alone，and avoiding(避免) 4 .If you talk right after the f ight，many things are said out of anger.However，do not wait too 5 .Too long time may make the relationship more difficult to make up.So 6 the fight calms down，make sure you talk to the person before it’s too late.After you do that，sit down and say you’re 7 if you are the one who caused the fight.Maybe your friend could be at fault(过错).If you’re not sure，review the events that led up to the fight.If your 8 is wrong，don’t apologize.You probably didn’t do anything wrong.So give your friend the 9 shoulder.Wait until they say they are sorry.And if they don’t apologize，they’re not worth your 10 . You can spend the time with other friends.( )1.A.meeting B.storyC.fightD.advice( )2.A.stop B.beginC.preferD.like( )3.A.have B.hateC.missD.build( )4.A.talking B.playingC.listeningD.studying( )5.A.short B.longC.earlyD.far( )6.A.before B.untilC.whileD.after( )7.A.right B.happyC.sorryD.excited( )8.A.friend B.teacherC.sisterD.brother( )9.A.warm B.hotC.coolD.cold( )10.A.money B.timeC.angerD.stress▲应用篇A(2014·达州)Not only adults but also teenagers have problems in their life.Here is a survey showing the main problems of 1 .They feel stressed because they have 2 homework to do both at school and at home.They have lots of exams 3 . And parents usually send them 4 different classes at weekends.As a result，so many of them almost become bookworms(书虫).On holidays，they could hardly have 5 time to do what they are interested in.Now more and more tee nagers 6 short-sighted.They often read in bed or keep 7 for a long time without having a rest.Some of them are crazy about playing computer games.Some 8 too much watching TV. 9 serious problem among teenagers is that many of them are becoming fat. They eat too much junk food，but they take little exercise.I think teenagers should think of ways on how to 10 the problem.They should make a plan for study and hobbies and find time to relax as much as possible.( )1.A.adult B.adultsC.teenagerD.teenagers( )2.A.too many B.too muchC.much tooD.many too( )3.A.join B.to be takenC.to takeD.to join( )4.A.to B.forC.ofD.in( )5.A.our own B.their ownC.his ownD.they own( )6.A.are getting B.are gettingC.gotD.are become( )7.A.red B.readC.to readD.reading( )8.A.pay B.costC.spendD.take( )9.A.Another B.OtherC.OthersD.Some( )10.A.doing with B.do withC.dealing withD.deal withB(2013·重庆)Dear Jenny，How’s it going? Are you busy with your study these days?I’ve been back at school 1 nearly four weeks.I’m very glad to te ll you that great 2 have taken place in our school this term.First of all，we’re asked to “clear our plates” when having our meals and say 3 to wasting.Some of us used to order more than what we could eat.That wasa big waste of food.Now we need to 4 the food we order.We should also stop wasting in some other ways.For example，we should turn off the lights when we 5 the classroom.And our school has opened up some fields for us to learn how to grow vegetables.Each class is given a small garden and our class has decided to grow some tomatoes and beans(豆类)in our 6 time.I think that’ll be very interesting.Maybe I’ll be able to 7 you some beans we’ve grown by ourselves next time.What’s more，we have only two classes in the afternoon 8 we have more time for after school activities.I’m one of the traffic safety volunteers in our school.After school，we take turns to go to the streets near our school and ask people to 9 the traffic rules.I think we are having a different school life now.Please write back soon and tell 10 more about your school.Yours，Wang Wei ( )1.A.in B.forC.onD.at( )2.A.changes B.thingsC.interestsD.lessons ( )3.A.yes B.helloC.noD.thanks ( )4.A.clean B.payC.cookD.finish ( )5.A.leave B.reachC.openD.build ( )6.A.busy B.freeC.happyD.sad( )7.A.plant B.buyC.postD.lend ( )8.A.because B.whenC.beforeD.so ( )9.A.follow B.makeC.breakD.think ( )10.A.him B.herC.youD.me参考答案：阅读题型一完形填空▲记叙篇A)1—5DABBD6—10ACDABB)1—5BCDCB6—10DABADC)1—5CDBAD6—10BCCDA ▲说明篇A)1—5ACDBD6—10BCADBB)1—5CACDD6—10BBCCAC)1—5CBDDB6—10ADADC ▲议论篇A)1—5ABCBA6—10DBAADB)1—5BCCAB6—10DADADC)1—5CACAB6—10DCADB ▲应用篇A)1—5DBCAB6—10BDCADB)1—5BACDA6—10BCDAD。