交通工程专业英语翻译1
考研英语翻译-学科专业及相关词汇总结[1]
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道路工程翻译词汇
道路工程英语词汇桥梁 bridge公路干道 highway工程工程学 engineering公路工程 highway engineering路基roadbase路面pavement构造物建造构成制造 construct施工（名） construction试验室 laboratory现场检测field test（名）试验检验（不）进行试验 experiment 试验检测测量 test质量上流社会的 quality合格，取得资格 qualify材料material沥青柏油以沥青铺（一般指沥青路）asphalt 沥青（指原材料） bitumen沥青的 bituminous沥青混合料 bituminous mixture混凝土concrete钢筋混凝土 RC (reinforced concrete)信誉信用贷款 credit进度快慢 tempo计划plan评定evaluation检查（名）检验inspection标准水准规格标准的合格的 standard技术性的工业的 technical技术技巧技术的工艺的专门的 technic水泥cement碎石路碎石路 macadam砂砾碎石砂砾层gravel钢筋 reinforcing steel bar或reinfored steel石石头石场石的石制的stone检查员 inspector测量（名）measuring测量（及）检测（及）勘测测绘（名）survey 设备仪器装置device申请application铺路工人paver经理 manager加强 reinforce（被加强的 reinforced ）sign 签字署名通知list 表名册目录列举tabulation 制表列表表格mapping 绘图制图camera 照相机photo 照片给。
拍照拍照lime 石灰petrol 汽油diesel-oil 柴油planer 计划者planed 有计划的根据计划的pile 柱桩把桩打入用桩支撑weld 焊接焊牢焊接点welder 焊接者焊工laborer 劳动者劳工辅助工manpower 人力劳动力人力资源雇佣使用利用 employ职业租用受雇 employment项目条款item关税税款税 impostresign 放弃辞去辞职document．nbsp 公文文件证件time limit from project 工期weighbridge 地磅台秤transbit 经纬仪mention 提到说起表扬career 职业经历skill 技术技能trade 行业商业owe 欠债organization 组织机构团体traffic 交通交往通行交易买卖spend 预算花钱浪费interest 股息股份兴趣cost 费用成本花费wage 薪水报酬earning 工资收入利润cash 现金现款把...兑现tax 税负担向...纳税deficit 赤字不足额业主owner（北美用）、employer（英语国用）发展商（房屋等业主）client 或 developer 承包商contractor总承包商prime contractor或general contractor 分承包商nominated contractor专业承包商specialist contractor咨询公司consulting firm 或 consultants咨询工程师consulting engineer建筑师architect建筑工程经理constraction manager项目经理program manager材料供应商supplier建筑经济学contraction economics亚洲开发银行asian development bank世界银行集团 world bank group学会 institute协会association组织结构organizational styucture基础设施infrastructure环境environment质量管理体系qulity management system质量方针quality policy质量目标 quality objective职能，函数，职务function计量的metrological鉴定qualification评审review效率efficiency验证verification顾客,消费者customer过程process产品product项目,预计的，计划的project程序procedure特性characteristic记录record检验inspection文件document．nbsp信息information能力capabitily 满意satisfaction投标邀请书invitation for bids公开招标unlimited competitive open biding 投标者须知instruction to bidders银行保函bank guarantee担保公司security company支付保函 payment guarantee资质说明statement of qualification单位成本cost per unit成本计划cost plan成本价 price cost业主要求client's requirements投标书tender 或 bid 或 proposal 合同条件condition of contract合同协议书 agreement图纸drawings工程量表bill of quantities投标保证bid security保价offer开标tender 或 bid评标bid evaluation施工项目work items总价合同lump sum contract专题报告subjective report审核audit 审核员auditor测量控制measurement control测量设备measureing equipment技术专家technical expert习惯，惯例custom选择selection确定，决定definition合格conformity不合格nonconformity缺陷defect预防措施preventive action纠正措施corrective action返工rework降级regrade返修repair报废serap让步concession放行release。
合肥工业大学各学院、专业名称及其英文翻译
合肥工业大学各学院、专业名称及其英文翻译仪器科学与光电工程学院 School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering1、测控技术与仪器 Measurement & Control Technology and Instrument2、光信息科学与技术 Optic Information Science & Technology机械与汽车工程学院 School of Machinery and Automobile Engineering3、车辆工程 Vehicles Engineering4、工业工程 Industrial Engineering5、工业设计 Industry Design6、过程装备与控制工程 Process Equipment & Control Engineering7、机械设计制造及其自动化 Machine Design & Manufacture & Its Automation8、交通工程 Transportation Engineering9、热能与动力工程 Thermal Energy & Power Engineering材料科学与工程学院 School of Material Science and Engineering10、金属材料工程 Metal Materials Engineering11、材料物理 Materials Physics12、无机非金属材料工程 Inorganic Non-metallic Materials Engineering13、材料成型及控制工程 Material Forming & Control Engineering电气与自动化工程学院 School of Electric Engineering and Automation14、电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and Automation15、生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering16、自动化 Automation计算机与信息学院 School of Computer and Information17、计算机科学与技术 Computer Science & Technology18、电子信息工程 Electronic Information Engineering19、电子信息科学与技术 Electronic Information Science & Technology20、通信工程 Communications Engineering21、信息安全Information Security化学工程学院 School of Chemical Engineering22、高分子材料与工程 Macromolecule Material and Engineering23、化学工程与工艺 Chemical Engineering and Technics24、制药工程 Pharmacy Engineering25、应用化学 Applied Chemistry土木建筑工程学院 School of Civil Engineering26、给排水工程 Water Supply & Drainage Engineering27、工程力学 Engineering Mechanics28、水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering29、土木工程 Civil Engineering30、建筑环境与设备工程 Architectural Environment & Equipment Engineering建筑与艺术学院 School of Architecture and Arts31、城市规划 Urban Planning32、建筑学 Architecture33、艺术设计 Artistic Design资源与环境学院 School of Resources and Environment34、地理信息系统 Geographic Information System35、环境工程 Environment Engineering36、勘查技术与工程 Exploration Technology & Engineering37、资源勘查工程 Resources Exploration Engineering理学院 School of Sciences38、电子科学与技术 Electronic Science & Technology39、数学与应用数学 Applied Mathematics40、微电子学 Microelectronics41、信息与计算科学 Science of Information & Computation42、应用物理学 Applied Physics管理学院 School of Management43、电子商务 Electronic Commerce44、会计学 Accounting45、工商管理 Business Management46、劳动与社会保障 Labour and Social Security47、信息管理与信息系统 Information Management & System48、旅游管理 Tourism Management49、市场营销 Marketing人文经济学院 School of Humanities and Economics50、财政学 Finance51、广告学 Advertisement52、国际经济与贸易 International Economy & Trade53、经济学 Economics54、思想政治教育 Education in Ideology and Politics55、英语 English56、法学 Law57、社会工作 Social Work生物与食品工程学院 School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering58、生物工程 Bioengineering59、生物技术 Biotechnology60、食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering。
交通工程专业英语翻译(全)
Unit 1 The Evolution of Transport交通工具的演化The evolution of transport has been closely linked to the development of humankind throughout the earth’s history．Transport’s early function was to meet the basic need of hauling food supplies and building materials．But with the formation of tribes，then peoples，and finally nations，the societal and economic functions of transport became more and more complex. At first there was mobility required for individuals，clans，households，and animals to protect them against，and to escape from，the dangers of natural disasters and tribal aggressions，and in the search for the best places to settle．As tribal groups formed and gradually established their geographical identity，transport was increasingly needed to open up regions for development，to provide access to natural resources，to promote intercommunal trade，and to mobilize territorial defense．When the first nations came into being，transport played a major role in establishing national integrity．交通工具的演变紧密相连的人类在整个地球的历史发展。
新疆大学各个学院各个专业的英语翻译
新疆大学各个学院各个专业的英语翻译。
希望能够对大家有所帮助。
水平有限，希望大家在浏览的同时帮忙校正，不甚感激……化学化工学院College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering化学工程与工艺Chemical Engineering and Technics材料化学Materials Chemistry高分子材料Multimolecular Materials环境工程Environmental Engineering化学Chemical应用化学Applied Chemical过程装备与控制工程Processing Units and Control Engineering新闻与传播学院College of Journalism and Communication新闻学Journalism广告学Advertising广播电视新闻学Radio and TV Journalism生命科学与技术学院College of Life Science and Technology生物工程Bioengineering生物技术Biotechnology生物科学Biological Science食品科学与工程Food Science and Engineering数学与系统科学学院College of Mathematics and Systems Science数学与应用数学Mathematics and Applied Mathematics信息与计算科学Information and Computation Science资源与环境科学学院College of Resources and Environmental Science地理信息系统Geographic Information System资源环境与城乡规划管理Resources Environment and the Management of Urban and Rural Planning地理科学Geography生态学Ecology环境科学Environmental Science物理科学与技术学院College of Physical Science and Technology物理学Physics应用物理学Applied Physics信息科学与工程学院College of Information Science and Engineering电子信息科学与技术Sience and Technology of Electronic Information电子信息工程Electronic and Information Engineering通信工程Communication Engineering计算机科学与技术Computer Sience and Technology外国语学院College of Foreign Languages英语English俄语Russian日语Japanese人文学院College of Humanities文学Literature中国少数民族语言文学（维汉双语翻译）Chinese Minority Languages and Literatures (Uigur-Chinese Interpretation & Translation)中国少数民族语言文学（哈文学方向）Chinese Minority Linguistics & Literature (Kazakhstan Literature)中国少数民族语言文学（维文学方向）Chinese Minority Linguistics & Literature (Uigur Literature)中国少数民族语言文学（维现代文秘方向）Chinese Minority Linguistics & Literature (Uigur Modern Secretary)中国少数民族语言文学（维吾尔语言）Chinese Minority Linguistics & Literature(Uigur)汉语言文学（现代文秘方向）Chinese Linguistics & Literature (Modern Secretary)汉语言文学（文学方向）Chinese Linguistics & Literature (Literature)汉语言文学（影视文学方向）Chinese Linguistics & Literature (Television Literature)汉语言Chinese地质与勘察工程学院 College of Geosciences and Reconnaaissance Engineering资源勘察工程Resource Reconnaissance Engineering机械工程学院 College of Mechanical Engineering工业工程Industrial Engineering机械设计制造及其自动化 Mechanical Designing and Manufacturing Automation机械类Mechanical交通工程Traffic Engineering工业设计Industrial Designing电气工程学院College of Electrical Engineering电气工程及其自动化Electrical Engineering and Automation电子信息工程Electronic Information Engineering热能与动力工程Heat Energy and Dynamical Engineering自动化Automation建筑工程学院College of Civil Engineering and Architecture工程管理Engineering Management城市规划Urban Planning建筑学Architecture土木工程（交通土建）Civil Engineering(Civil Traffic)建筑环境与设备工程 Architectural Environment Equipment Engineering土木工程（建筑工程方向）Civil Engineering(Architecture Engineering)艺术设计学院Colleage of Arts Design服装设计与工程（服装设计）Fashion Design and Engineering(Fashion Design) 艺术设计（装潢艺术设计）Arts Design (Decorative Painting Arts Design)艺术设计（电脑艺术设计）Arts Design (Computer Arts Design)软件学院College of Software计算机科学与技术Computer Science and Technology高等职业与技术学院College of Altitude V ocation and Technology汉语Chinese计算机网络技术Computer Network Technology旅游管理Tourism Management社区管理与服务Community Management and Services文秘Secretary英语English市场营销Marketing经济与管理学院College of Economic and Management工商管理Business Administration国际经济与贸易International economic and trade金融学Finance经济学Economics信息管理与信息系统Information Management and Information System市场营销Marketing法学院College of law法学Law Study政治与公共管理学院College of Politics and Public Management行政管理Administration公共管理Public Management社会工作Social Work社会学Sociology政治学Political Science旅游学院College of Tourism旅游管理Tourism Management。
交通工程专业英语翻译14-23单元
Unit 14Scheme layout 规划方案traffic schemes交通计划AONB（areas of outstanding natural beauty）著名的自然风景区SSSI（special scientific interest）特殊的科研用地listed buildings 受保护的建筑archaeological sites 考古遗址adherence to 忠诚，坚持turning characteristics 转向性能be recovered from 通过。
的补偿HGV重型货车kerb lines路缘石，路缘线swept paths 加宽车道DoT交通运输部rigid or articulated 刚性的或铰接的车front and rear overhang 前悬和后悬swept area 扫略面积on the major route 主路on the side road 支路channelised layout 渠化方案pelican crossings on the far side 在远处rural 乡下的generous 慷慨的，大方的，有雅量的constraint 约束，强制，局促conservatian 保存，保持，守恒collision 碰撞，冲突condition 条件，情形reroute 变更旅程characteristic 特有的，特征，特性predominate 掌握统治主要的突出口有力的private car 私人汽车manoeuvre 策略调动demountable 可卸下的street furniture 街道家具drawbar 列车间的挂钩wheelbase 轴距车轮接地面积crossroad 十字路十字路口歧途Traffic Planning Steps交通规划步骤（Data collection数据收集Forecasts预测Goal specification明确目标Preparation of alternative plans可选择计划的准备Testing检验Evaluation 评价Implementation实施）Levels（Policy planning政策规划Systems planning系统规划Preliminary engineering初步设施建造Engineering design 建造设计Planning for operations of existing systems or services现存系统运营的设计）Cost estimation 成本估算traffic flow simulation交通流模拟an action plan实施性规划quantitative data数据资料in the light of 按照，根据，当作stratification 层化成层阶层的形成assign 分配指派赋值quantitative 数量的量的transportation improvement 交通运输改善feedback 回授反馈反应deliberate 深思熟虑的故意的null 无效力的，无效的benchmark 基准legislature 立法机关takeover 接收接管transit system 运输系统Conrail 联合铁路公司corridor study 路廊环境研究，高速通道研究deregulation 违反规定Unit 16Four-step planning procedure四阶段规划法：trip generation 出行生成，trip distribution, 出行分布modal split,方式划分traffic assignment交通分配urban transportation planning 城市运输规划transportation facility 运输设施gap 间隙差距Trip rate出行率the target planning years目标规划年trip end 出行端点traffic zone交通小区car trips and public transport trips小汽车和公共交通出行gravity model重力模型centroids traffic zones交通小区形心all-or-nothing assignment 全有全无分配法capacity restrained assignment容量限制分配法multipath proportional assignment多路径概率分配法a measure ofLink impedance路径阻抗interlocking 联锁的favorable 赞成的Unit 17longitudinal spacing纵向间距level terrain 平原地形Rolling terrain丘陵区Mountainous terrain山岭区Crawl speed is the maximum sustained speed that heavy vehicles can maintain on an extended upgrade of a given percent 爬坡速度是重型车辆在一定比例的延长的爬坡段上的最大行驶速度signalization conditions信号控制条件signal phasing信号相位timing配时type of control 控制类型an evaluation of signal progression for each lane group每车道组的信号联动评价的全部规定saturation flow饱和流量saturation flow rate 饱和流率topography 地形学curb 路边account for 说明解决得分estimation 估计，预算，评价Unit 18fatalities.恶性事故motorcycle occupant摩托车成员vehicle-miles traveled车公里poorly timed signals配时不当House of Representatives' Subcommittee众议院Federal aid Highways hearings联邦政府助建公路Unit 19Biographical descriptors个人经历Chronic medical conditions长期医学状况Hearing听力Loss of limb 肢体残疾Vision视力face validity表面效度raw 擦伤处inadvertent 不注意的疏忽的illumination 照明阐明启发Unit 20One-way street单向交通industrial parks工业园区transition areas转向区域circuitous route迂回区域the one-way pair成对的单向街道central business districts 中心商业区residential lot 居民区Unit 21Junction types交叉口类型uncontrolled nonpriority junctions; 不受控制的非优先次序交叉口priority junctions; 优先次序交叉口roundabouts;环形交叉口traffic signals; 交通标志grade separations立体交叉）Traffic sign 交通标志Warning sign 警告标志Regulatory sign 禁止标志Directional informatory sign 方向指示标志other informatory sign 其他指示标志Carriageway narrowing车道狭窄limit capacity限制容量congestion charging拥挤收费innovation solutions革新方案pedestrian crossing人行横道traffic capacity of road道路交通通行能力highway networks 公路网Traffic Management 交通管理innovation solutions 革新方案signal-controlled 信号控制的traffic capacity of road 道路通行能力pedestrian crossing 人行横道Unit 22Traffic Surveillance交通监管field observations 实地观察Electronic surveillance.电子监管Closed-circuit television.闭路电视Aerial surveillance .无线电监管Emergency motorist call systems .驾驶员紧急呼救系统Citizen-band radio .城市广播Police and service patrols巡逻警察服务aerial surveillance 空中监测空中监视predetermined value 预先确定的值，事先规定的值Unit 23Be subject to受制于Parking surveys停车调查（Parking supply survey停车位供应调查Parking usage survey停车场使用情况调查Concentration survey)停车饱和度调查Durationsurvey持续时间调查Parker interview survey停车访问调查）On-and-off-street路边和路外停车trip destination出行终点the trip-maker出行生成者a closed circuit闭循环Unit 24Date to源于，追溯trade-offs交换，平衡positive guidance 正确引导root-mean-square 均方根Saturn 土星Pascal 帕斯卡filter 滤波器man-machine systems 人机系统交通工程专业英语翻译Unit 21 （文拿董德忠戚建国）Traffic Management交通管理Objectives目标Traffic management arose from the need to maximize the capacity of existing highway networks within finite budget and, therefore, with a minimum of new construction. Methods, which were often seen as a quick fix, required innovation solutions and new technical developments. Many of the techniques devised affected traditional highway engineering and launched imaginative and cost effective junction designs Introduction of signal-controlled pedestriancrossings not only improved the safety of pedestrians on busy roads but improved the traffic capacity of roads by not allowing pedestrians to dominate the crossing point.交通管理起源于这样一种需要，那就是在预算有限的情况下，以最少的新建工程项目，最大限度的提高现有道路网的通行能力。
全部英语翻译专业英语
Lesson1 Civil engineering，the oldest of the engineering specialties，木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科is the planning，design，construcion，and management of the built environment. 是指规划，设计，施工及对建筑环境的管理。
This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles,from irrigation and drainage systems to rocke-launching facilities. 此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构，从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。
Civil engineers木工程师build roads, bridges,tunnels,dams,harbors,power plants,water and sewage systems,hospitals schools,mass transit,and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations.建造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。
They also build privately owned facilities such as airports,railroads,pipelines, skyscrapers,and other large stuctures designed for industrial,commercial,or residential use. 他们也建造私有设施，比如飞机场，铁路，管线，摩天大楼，以及其他设计用作工业，商业和住宅途径的大型结构。
交通运输专业英文翻译
Automobile Detection and Maintenance Technology Specialty English(1) Engine and Automobile Theory Automobile Electronic Control Technology Automobile Regeneration Technology Principle of Economics Automotive Electrical Equipment Automotive Service Management Information System Automobile Service Engineering Specialty English（2） Principles of Accounting International Trade Business Negotiations Automotive SCM Principle of Economics Organisation of Transportation Transportation Planning
汽车服务工程方向 Automobile Service Engineering
Hale Waihona Puke 交通运输管理方向 Transportation Management
汽车检测与维修技 术 专业英语（1） 发动机原理与汽车 理论 汽车电子控制技术 汽车再生技术 西方经济学 汽车电气设备 汽车服务管理信息 系统 汽车服务工程 专业英语（2） 会计学原理 国际贸易 商务谈判 汽车供应链管理 西方经济学 交通运输组织学 交通运输规划
Transportation Network System Analysis Specialty English（3） International Trade and Transportation Traffic control and management Intelligent Transportation Hub and Terminal Urban Public Transportation and Mass Transit Operation Highway Operation and Management
交通工程专业英语
Unit3I ntroductionTransport telematics, also known as intelligent transport systems (ITS), are concerned with the application of electronic information and control to improve transport. Some new systems have already been implemented and the pace of implementation can be expected to quicken. With a crystal ball, we can foresee how a typical journey to work may look in 10 years time.Before leaving home, you check your travel arrangements over tile internet. Often you choose to travel by public transport and you can identify travel times and any interruptions affecting the service. On this occasion, you choose to travel by car as you have an appointment later in the day at one of those oldfashioned business parks that are inaccessible by public transport. There are no incidents recorded on your normal route to work so you do not bother to use your computer route model to select an optimum route for you.Once in your car, you head for the motorway and select the cruise control, lane support and collision avoidance system, allowing you to concentrate on your favorite radio service. Suddenly, this is intelrupted by the radio traffic-message channel service giving you information about an incident on your route. You are not surprised when, at the next junction, the roadside variable message sign (VMS) corffirms this; motorway messages really are believable now!You feel pleased with yourself that you have preceded your in-car navigation system with the coordinates of your final destination, and soon you are obtaining instructions on your best route with information updated from the local travel control center.As you near your place of work, you are aware of roadside messages informing you of the next park and ride service. You choose to ignore these as you will need to make a quick getaway for your appointment. You then check that your travel card is clearly displayed inside the car; you don't want to be fined for not having a positive credit for the city's road pricing and parking service! The same card gives you clearance to your parking space; you activate your parking vision and collision control just to be sure of not scratching the MD' s car next to you.Using transport telematicsAll these information and control services, and many more besides, are discussed in the UK Government' s eonsuhation document. One way of categorising these services is into the following application areas: （1）traffic management and control（2）tolling and road pricing（3）road safety and law eifforeement（4）public transport travel information and ticketing（5）driver information and guidance（6）freight and fleet management（7）vehicle safety（8）system integrationAll these applications are being developed with assistance from research and pilot implementation programmnes in Europe, USA and Japan.Traffic management and controlAny traffic management and control system needs information on traffic flows, speeds, queues, inci-dents (accidents, vehicle breakdowns, obstructions) air quality and vehicle types, lengths and weights.This information will be collected using infrared, radio, loop, radar, and microwave or vision detectors.In addition, public and private organizations will provide information on planned events (roadworks, leisure events, exhibitions).The use to which this information is put depends on the objectives set for management and control.Network management objectives set for urban areas include: （1）influencing traveller behaviour, in particular modal choice, route choice and the time at which journeys are made.（2）reducing the impact of traffic on air quality.（3）improving priority for buses and LRT vehicles.（4）providing better and safer facilities for pedestrians, cyclists and other vulnerable road users.（5）restraining traffic in sensitive areas.（6）managing demand and congestion more efficiently.The software systems used will include control applications such as SCOOT, SCATS, SPOT and MOTION. These are responsive systems, which control a network of traffic signals to meet these objectives. Automatic vehicle location and identification will provide information for giving priority or allowing access to certain vehicles only.Interurban network management systems will have similar objectives but will make greater use of access control by ramp metering and other means, and of speed control and high-occupancy vehicle lane management. Regional traffic control centers will advise motorist of incidents and alternative routes by VMS and by RDS-TMC, a signal FM radio service broadcasting localized traffic messages and advice to drivers.Tolling and road pricingInterurban motorway tolling and urban road pricing provide another approach to meeting network management objectives while obtaining additional revenue that can be invested in transport. Singapore's electronic zone pricing, the TOLLSTAR electronic toll collection andADEPT automatic debiting smart cards are examples of such applications. These systems rely on microwave or radio communication to anin-vehicle transponder in a smart card with detection of vehicle licence plates using image processing for enforcement purposes.Public transport travel information and ticketingTravel information is needed by passengers at home or office and also during their journey. London Transport's ROUTES computer-based service offers routing, timetable and fares information on all public transport services in London through public inquiry terminals.Real-time travel information is provided in London by the COUNTDOWN system which is being expanded to cover 4000 bus stops. A similar system called STOPWATCH is available in Southampton as part of the ROMANSE project and is based on Peek' s Bus Tracker system which can detect buses using either radio beacons or GPS (Global Positioning System) which uses satellites to identify locations.ROMANSE also includes TRIP lanner interactive enquiry terminals with touch screens providing travel information.Problems with tickets for through journeys can be a deterrent for travelers choosing public transport.Smartcard stored-value tickets can provide a single ticket for car parking and all legs of a journey served by different operators.Driver information and guidanceDriver information systems include the RDS-TMC radio data system-traffic message ehannel, initially trialled between London and Paris in the PLEIADES project and elsewhere in Europe in similar EC-funded projects. There is also the Traffic master service which uses infrared monitors to identify congestion and an in-car visual map-based screen to inform drivers of congestion.Driver guidance systems aim to take this a step further by informing drivers of their route and giving guidance on navigation. Communication between the control center and the vehicle can be by roadside beacon or by digital cellular radio networks based on GSM (global system of mobile communications) as in SOCRATES. Commercial products include Daimler Benz's copilot dynamic route guidance system trialled in Berlin and Stuttgart and Philip's Car Systems CARIN. Similar products, such as the VICS advanced mobile information service, are commonly available in Japan.翻译：介绍交通通讯,也被称为智能交通系统(它的),与应用电子信息和控制,提高运输。
道路工程专业词汇英语翻译
道路工程专业词汇英语翻译桥梁 bridge公路干道 highway工程工程学 engineering公路工程 highway engineering路基 roadbase路面 pavement构造物建造构成制造 construct施工（名） construction试验室 laboratory现场检测 field test（名）试验检验（不）进行试验 experiment 试验检测测量 test质量上流社会的 quality合格，取得资格 qualify材料 material沥青柏油以沥青铺（一般指沥青路）asphalt 沥青（指原材料） bitumen沥青的 bituminous沥青混合料 bituminous mixture混凝土 concrete钢筋混凝土 rc (reinforced concrete)信誉信用贷款 credit进度快慢 tempo计划 plan评定 evaluation检查（名）检验 inspection标准水准规格标准的合格的 standard技术性的工业的 technical技术技巧技术的工艺的专门的 technic水泥 cement碎石路碎石路 macadam砂砾碎石砂砾层 gravel钢筋 reinforcing steel bar或reinfored steel 石石头石场石的石制的 stone检查员 inspector测量（名） measuring测量（及）检测（及）勘测测绘（名）survey 设备仪器装置 device申请 application铺路工人 paver经理 manager加强 reinforce（被加强的 reinforced ）sign 签字署名通知list 表名册目录列举tabulation 制表列表表格mapping 绘图制图camera 照相机photo 照片给。
拍照拍照lime 石灰petrol 汽油diesel-oil 柴油planer 计划者planed 有计划的根据计划的pile 柱桩把桩打入用桩支撑weld 焊接焊牢焊接点welder 焊接者焊工laborer 劳动者劳工辅助工manpower 人力劳动力人力资源雇佣使用利用 employ职业租用受雇 employment项目条款 item关税税款税 impostresign 放弃辞去辞职document 公文文件证件time limit from project 工期weighbridge 地磅台秤transbit 经纬仪mention 提到说起表扬career 职业经历skill 技术技能trade 行业商业owe 欠债organization 组织机构团体traffic 交通交往通行交易买卖spend 预算花钱浪费interest 股息股份兴趣cost 费用成本花费wage 薪水报酬earning 工资收入利润cash 现金现款把...兑现tax 税负担向...纳税deficit 赤字不足额业主owner（北美用）、employer（英语国用）发展商（房屋等业主）client 或 developer承包商contractor总承包商prime contractor或general contractor 分承包商nominated contractor专业承包商specialist contractor咨询公司consulting firm 或 consultants 咨询工程师consulting engineer建筑师architect建筑工程经理constraction manager项目经理program manager材料供应商supplier建筑经济学contraction economics亚洲开发银行asian development bank 世界银行集团 world bank group学会 institute协会association组织结构organizational styucture基础设施infrastructure环境environment质量管理体系qulity management system 质量方针quality policy质量目标 quality objective职能，函数，职务function计量的metrological鉴定qualification评审review效率efficiency验证verification顾客,消费者customer过程process产品product项目,预计的，计划的project程序procedure特性characteristic记录record检验inspection文件document信息information能力capabitily 满意satisfaction投标邀请书invitation for bids公开招标unlimited competitive open biding 投标者须知instruction to bidders银行保函bank guarantee担保公司security company支付保函 payment guarantee资质说明statement of qualification单位成本 cost per unit成本计划cost plan成本价 price cost业主要求client´s requirements投标书tender 或 bid 或 proposal合同条件condition of contract合同协议书 agreement图纸drawings工程量表bill of quantities投标保证bid security保价offer开标tender 或 bid评标bid evaluation施工项目work items总价合同lump sum contract专题报告subjective report审核audit 审核员auditor测量控制measurement control测量设备measureing equipment技术专家technical expert 习惯，惯例custom选择selection确定，决定definition合格conformity不合格nonconformity缺陷defect预防措施preventive action 纠正措施corrective action 返工rework降级regrade返修repair报废serap让步concession放行release。
交通工程专业英语翻译(全)
Unit 1 The Evolution of Transport交通工具的演化The evolution of transport has been closely linked to the development of humankind throughout the earth’s history．Transport’s early function was to meet the basic need of hauling food supplies and building materials．But with the formation of tribes，then peoples，and finally nations，the societal and economic functions of transport became more and more complex. At first there was mobility required for individuals，clans，households，and animals to protect them against，and to escape from，the dangers of natural disasters and tribal aggressions，and in the search for the best places to settle．As tribal groups formed and gradually established their geographical identity，transport was increasingly needed to open up regions for development，to provide access to natural resources，to promote intercommunal trade，and to mobilize territorial defense．When the first nations came into being，transport played a major role in establishing national integrity．交通工具的演变紧密相连的人类在整个地球的历史发展。
交通工程英语翻译
交通工程专业英语English in Traffic Engineering姓名: 刘笑笑班级：交工一班10号指导老师: 常丽君Driver Behavior and AccidentsSome types of improper driving as related to accidents can be the results of either willful or inadvertent errors. Unfortunately, it is not easy to discover which type of behavior has caused an accident.An October 1970 report by the U. S. Department of Transportation deals with this difficult problem and concludes: "the negligence law usually treats 'driver error' both avoidable and unreasonable, and imposes liability pursuant to an objective standard to which all drivers are held. But a review of the available research indicates that a significant gap exists between the standard of behavior required by the negligence law and the average behavior normally exhibited by most drivers."The report also says: "You will note that the standard of care required is that exercised by a person of reasonable and ordinary prudence, rather than that exercised by a person of extreme caution or exceptional skill. While exceptional skill is to be admired and encouraged, the law dose not demand it as a general standard of conduct. "Many programs of driver improvement seem to be based on an assumption of willful misbehavior and therefore concentrate on the multiple violator and accident repeater. However, studies by Campbell show that there 13 little evidence to support this position. Most accidents involve drivers with good records who have not had any previous serious crashes. In other words, the old concept of the ' accident-prone' driver is not supported by the facts.Each year traffic accidents seem to be distributed among the states m about the same proportion per millions of vehicle-miles driven. Raw numbers of fatal crashes occur more frequently during the summer and fall when there is more travel. These facts all seem to point to the conclusion that the more driving we do, the more the chance of an accident occurring increases, the more do occur. This would seem to argue for the major role of change in the distribution of fatal crashes. Undoubtedly, chance factors are acting, but each accident was caused and therefore could have been prevented.Since the majority of motor vehicle accidents occur in daylight on dry roads with sound vehicles, the causes seem to be with the drivers and the ways in which they interact with the roadway. The more that is understood about drivers, the more likely are traffic control and remedial efforts to be successful. Burg deal with this question and presents the following conclusions:（1）Biographical descriptors: A justification exists for differential licensing for both young and old drivers, and implementation of such a program is feasible. Not feasible, however, isdifferential licensing on the basis of such factors as marital status, education, or annual mileage, although research results would suggest such a move.(2)Chronic medical conditions: There is sufficient evidence relating certain serve medical conditions to accidents to suggest that short-term licensing of such individuals might prove beneficial. However, final action of this sort should not be taken without confirmation of present findings through a carefully controlled study?Hearing: Present evidence suggests that the deaf driver may be at a disadvantage, and that special training programs and/or special aids might be of benefit; however, additional research again is needed before action is warranted.?Loss of limb; There is no evidence to justify taking any action in this area.?Vision: Research results indicate that vision is indeed related to driving. However, the magnitude of the relationship appears to lie small, and the question of practical significance arises; however, it is interesting to note that Shinar found that "nighttime accident involvement is related to poor visual acuity under nighttime levels of illumination, but unrelated to visual acuity under high (daytime) levels of illumination ."Burg states: "How much improvement in the traffic accident picture can be effected by more effective vision screening? By the same token, of what value are present licensing techniques such as written examination and driver tests? These are questions that have no clear-cut answers, for definitive research has yet to be done, and other factors, such as 'face validity' and 'tradition1serve to confound the issue ."Drivers can become involved in accidents even as innocent victims and yet be included in some records. Because of legal implications, many such records do not distinguish the 'at fault’ driver from those not at fault, which makes research in group behavior very difficult. Therefore, care must be exercised when examining studies of driving accident records to know what criteria were used.翻译: 行为与交通事故部分交通事故的发生可能是由于司机故意或者疏忽造成的，但是不幸的是，要明确到底是哪种情况引发了交通事故却并不容易。
安全工程专业英语Unit1-9翻译
安全工程专业英语Unit1-9翻译安全工程专业英语Unit11. Because of the very rapid changes in these jobs and professions, it is hard for students to learn about future job opportunities. It is even more difficult to know about the type of preparation that is needed for aparticular profession-or the qualities and traits that might help individuals succeed in it.由于这些工作和职业的飞速变更，其变化之快使得学生们很难了解未来有什么样的工作机会，更不知道为未来的具体职业生涯做出怎样的准备，也就是说学生们很难知道掌握何种知识、具备何种能力才能成功适应未来的社会。
2. The purpose of this article is to provide in depth information about the safety profession that should help students considering a career in this challenging and rewarding field.这篇文章将提供较为深入的安全专业方面的具体信息，它应该能够为安全专业的学生们在这个充满挑战也蕴含着发展机遇的职业中获得良好的发展而提供帮助。
3. While these efforts became more sophisticated and widespread during the twentieth century, real progress on a wide front did not occur in the U.S. until after Word War Ⅱ.尽管这些专业手段在20世纪已经发展的较为成熟，也具有一定的广泛适应性，但在美国，这些都是第二次世界大战以后才取得的突破性进展。
交通工程专业英语作文
交通工程专业英语作文English: As a transportation engineering major, I have acquired the necessary knowledge and skills to design, plan, and manage transportation systems to ensure the safe and efficient movement of people and goods. My coursework has equipped me with a deep understanding of traffic flow theory, transportation modeling, urban planning, and sustainable transportation infrastructure. I have also had the opportunity to work on various practical projects, such as traffic impact assessments, transit system design, and highway safety analysis, which have enhanced my problem-solving abilities and critical thinking skills. Through internships and research projects, I have gained valuable real-world experience in applying engineering principles to address transportation challenges and improve the overall mobility of communities. I am confident in my ability to contribute to the future of transportation engineering by implementing innovative solutions that prioritize safety, sustainability, and effectiveness.中文翻译: 作为交通工程专业的学生，我已经获得了设计、规划和管理交通系统的必要知识和技能，以确保人员和货物的安全高效移动。
交通运输专业英文翻译
交通运输网络分析 专业英语（3） 国际贸易与运输 交通管理与控制 智能交通港站与枢 纽 城市公交与轨道交 通运营 高速公路运营与管 理
要课程英文翻译 英文 课时数 Advanced Mathematics General Physics Linear Algebra Probability and Mathematical Statistics Mechanical Drafting Engineering Material and Fundamentals of Machine Manufacturing Electronics in Electrical Engineering Hydraulic and Pneumatic Transmission Engineering Mechanics Construction of automobile Fundamentals of Mechanical Design Operations Research Traffic Engineering Transportation Engineering Modern Design Method Automotive Electrical Equipment Automobile Application Engineering
汽车服务工程方向 Automobile Service Engineering
交通运输管理方向 Transportation Management
汽车检测与维修技 术 专业英语（1） 发动机原理与汽车 理论 汽车电子控制技术 汽车再生技术 西方经济学 汽车电气设备 汽车服务管理信息 系统 汽车服务工程 专业英语（2） 会计学原理 国际贸易 商务谈判 汽车供应链管理 西方经济学 交通运输组织学 交tion and Maintenance Technology Specialty English(1) Engine and Automobile Theory Automobile Electronic Control Technology Automobile Regeneration Technology Principle of Economics Automotive Electrical Equipment Automotive Service Management Information System Automobile Service Engineering Specialty English（2） Principles of Accounting International Trade Business Negotiations Automotive SCM Principle of Economics Organisation of Transportation Transportation Planning
最新汽车专业英语原文及翻译
obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train. 发动机作为动力设备，常见的类型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产 生能量。发动机可分为两类：汽油机（点燃式）和柴油机（压燃式），都属于热力发动机。 燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气体气压上升，从而产生能量，驱动与动力传动系相连接的轴旋转。 The way engine cylinders are arranged is called engine configuration. In-line engines have the cylinders in a line. This design creates a simply cast engine block. In vehicle applications, the number of cylinders is normally from 2 up to 6. Usually, the cylinders are vertical. As the number of the cylinders increase, the length of the block and crankshaft can become a problem. One way to avoid this is with a V configuration. This design makes the engines block and crankshaft shorter and more rigid. 发动机的布置即发动机气缸的排列方式。 发动机缸体按直线排列的即直列式，这种布置使 得发动机缸体结构简单。汽车发动机一般为 2~6 缸，通常气缸是垂直放置的，但气缸数量的 增加会导致缸体和曲轴的长度过大，解决问题的措施之一就是采用 V 型布置，这种布置方 式可以使发动机缸体和曲轴长度尺寸更短，从而大大增加刚度。 An engine located at the front can be mounted longitudinally and can drive either the front or the rear wheels. Rear engine vehicles have the engine mounted behind the rear wheels. The engine can be transverse or longitudinal and usually drives the rear wheels only. 前置发动机可以纵向布置，能够驱动前轮或后轮。后置发动机布置在后轮后侧，发动机即可 纵向布置又可横向布置，一般只能驱动后轮。 1.3 chassis 底盘 the chassis is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating parts of a vehicle.the chassis includes the power train,steering,suspension,and braking systems. 底盘由汽车的主要操作系统组装而成。包括传动系、行驶系、转向系和制动系四部分。 1）Powertrain system conveys the drive to the wheels.传动系-将驱动力传递到车轮。 2）Steering system controls the direction of movement.转向系-控制汽车的行驶方向。 3）Suspension and wheels absorbs the road shocks.悬挂系-吸收路面震动 4）Brake slows down the vehicle.制动系-使汽车减速缓行。 1.3.1 power train system 动力传动系统 The power train transfers turning effort from the engine to the driving wheels.a power train ca n include a clutch manual transmission or a torque converter for automatic transmission, a dr ive shaft, final drive and differential gears and driving axles. Alternatively,a transaxle may be use d. A transaxle is a self-contained unit with a transmission, final drive gears and differential locate d in one casing. 传动系把发动机输出的扭矩传递给驱动轮。传动系包括离合器（对应机械变速器）或液力变 矩器（对应液力自动变速器）、变速器、驱动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动桥。另外有些传 动系采用由变速器、主减速器和差速器组成的一体式的变速驱动桥。（或者采用一个独立的 变速驱动桥，即变速器……在同一个箱体内。） A vehicle with a manual transmission uses a clutch to engage and disengage the engine from the power train. Engine torque is transmitted through the clutch to the transmission or transaxle.the transmission contains sets of gears that increase or decrease the torque before it is transmitted
专业英语翻译
CHAPTER12Capacity and Level-of-Service Analysis for Freeways andMultilane Highways12章对多车道公路和高速公路的通行能力和水平式服务的分析12.1 Introduction to Capacity and Level-of-Service Concepts 12.1介绍通行能力和水平式服务的概念One of the most critical needs in traffic engineering is a clear understanding of how much traffic a given facility can accommodate and under what operating conditions. These important issues are addressed in highway capacity andlevel-of-service analysis.在交通工程中最关键的需求之一是对在一定工作条件下有多少交通设施可以容纳有着清醒的认识。
这些重要问题能对公路的通行能力和水平式服务分析进行处理。
The basis for all capacity and level-of-service analysis is a set of analytic procedures that relate demand or existing flow levels, geometric characteristics, and controls to measures of the resulting quality of operations. These models take many forms. Some are based on regression analysis of significant data bases. Some are based on theoretical algorithms and/or laws of physics. Still others are based on the results of simulation. Their application allows traffic engineers to determine the ultimate traffic-carrying ability of a facility and to estimate operating characteristics at various flow levels.所有的能力和水平式服务分析的基础是一个分析程序中有关的要求或现有的流量水平，几何特征，以及由此产生的业务质量的措施控制设置。
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The Evolution of Transport 交通运输业的发展交通运输的发展一直密切联系在一起的人类发展的整个地球的历史。
运输的早期功能是为了满足提供食物供给和搬运建筑材料。
但是随着部落甚至最后国家的形成，运输的社会和经济功能越来越复杂。
起初有需要调动个人，家族，家庭和动物以保护他们的反对，并逃避自然灾害和部族侵略的危险，寻找最好的地方定居。
随着种族部落的形成和地理界线的逐步确定，开发新区域、开采新资源、发展社区间的贸易以及捍卫领地，这些都日益需要交通的发展。
当第一个国家应运而生,在建立全国的完整性方面,交通运输扮演着重要角色。
基本的社会需求一般都得到照顾后，当地社区可以越来越多地贡献自己的努力，用来加强与其他国家的人民和他们的经济贸易联系，文化和科技发展。
而且交通提供了诸如部落间、国际间乃至于洲际间便利的贸易和文化交流。
在向有组织的人类社会的演变过程中，这种组织在今天是通过由各国组成的国际化大家庭表现出来的，交通作为人与货物移动的物理过程，电促进了这种发展，不断地经历着技术与组织方面的改变。
这些变化是由多种因素和情况引起的。
事实上,今天的运输在它的各种形态和组织仍然高度受变化的社会需求和偏好的回应。
显然,首先也是最重要的标准是运输效率。
几个世纪以来，特别是在地方经济起飞阶段，社会需要可靠、快速、低成本的运输。
为寻找合适的技术相对不受限制。
在人类历史上有可靠的时候，快速运输的需求尤其明显，快速的解决办法，为国家自卫所需的时间。
在当地和国际冲突的时期内，人类的聪明才智设计出新的传输技术，可往往被证明是为逃生、有时也是为了胜利，的决定性因素。
随后完善和发展，这种新技术使我们能够更好地满足日益增加的运输需求，从而改善双方的经济发展和人类福祉。
为更好的战略机动诱导努力提高海上和陆路运输的需要。
这导致了更大，更快的船，更可靠，坚固的地面车辆。
最后，详细介绍了汽船，铁路，然后是汽车的例证。
研究和运输领域的发展终于成为一个具体的目标和组织目标的承诺。
随之而来的是专家的集中，越来越复杂的运输技术的进化,如飞机,和最新的火箭推进器。
日益复杂的运输手段逐渐发展成今天的运输系统，其中包括空中、路面和水上运输。
特殊行业的需求，引起了发展出相当有限的应用的运输模式，如管道，电缆和传送带。
因为当前社会的需求和喜好，以及经济要求的成本效益，现有的各种运输方式一般都能完成特定功能。
尽管运输的潜力以满足社会的流动性需要而水平不断提高，但很明显，这种效果有其代价。
大量的交通技术要求和隐含的能耗高的巨大的资金投入生产和经营。
因此，一些运输方式对使用者来说是昂贵的。
这引起权益问题，因为需要支付运作成本费用是不是所有的人口群体负担，从而限制其流动性和福利。
许多国家的政府选择了运输补贴，但很快就意识到，预算往往对其国家的经济造成严重的扭曲。
各种运输方式污染造成的，逐渐成为另一问题，如同世界大多数国家需要应付不断上升的商品流动和人的旅行量严重的问题。
在一些地区具有高浓度的人口和产业，这种对环境的不利影响已达到很高的水平。
这种损害是这些影响尚未得到充分开发。
最后，这些问题引起世界能源资源的日益减少，特别是石油，已越来越多地阻碍交通服务和操作。
大多数现有的运输方式都是以依赖石油衍生品才能正常运转。
随着需求量的增长与不衰减得运输和能源供应的有限，逐步提供运输的成本已经稳步增加。
特别是，石油需求和石油供应不均衡造成了严重的通货膨胀问题出现在许多国家。
尤其沉重的打击与对外部石油供应，其中也经历了他们的经常帐赤字增长部分或完全依赖国家。
运输部门的增加无法满足有效且公平需求的问题，这是一个所有国家必须应对努力促进经济和社会进步。
能源供应的限制，高额的资本和运营成本，往往与外汇组件以及与运输有关的环境污染的很大一部分用于这个严重性的问题。
但运输是并将继续是世界发展和人类福利的基本要求。
没有任何其他选择，只能寻求替代或修改目前的运输系统，使能源消耗和成本永存相关的技术和业务模式的特点是减少对环境的影响，可以保持在最低水平。
显然，交通需求的发展将被控制。
翻译：设计目标,公交优先已被看到在整体城市交通的战略目标,不仅包括改善公共汽车(或电车)操作和克制,car-borne通勤更是一种增强环境,为居民、工人和游客。
方法必须为所有这些也有明显的目标而成本和执行。
典型的设计目标为公交优先的措施包括:以上条件和可靠性,提高经营通过引入适当的公交优先的措施。
~来改变这种交通平衡赞成在这些地点的正确的话,这可能会是正当的。
(~改善条件公交乘客在停止和立体交叉。
针对提高道路安全一般,特别是对行人、自行车、残障人士。
哦~,在适当的时候,小时的手术的等待和加载的限制。
(~建立、实施协调和连贯的应用中等待,停车场和加载执法机制在巴士路线走廊。
针对提高条件和frontagers疯狂的用户在巴士路线走廊。
实现这些目标通常包括提高汽车运行和妥协需求的本地企业和居民和行人获得合理的安全、便捷、自行车运动。
公交优先的措施典型的公交优先措施可分为4种类型:busways ~、公共交通(2_)交通和停车场管理措施Qtraffic信号控制~汽车站的改进。
这些被认为是独立的,但在实践中设计了一个巴士路线走廊将着重从所有这些措施类别。
(1)busways、公共交通With-flow公交车道较为普遍。
他们能够在拥挤的公共汽车来避免队列的道路通过提供一个弄清楚标明签署和执行,在交通管制禁令,禁止使用一般的交通。
Contraflow公交车道,避免迂回路线使汽车,如在一种回转系统,通过允许双向运动在路段上公共汽车。
一个连续的主要缺点是它contraflow巴士车道街道访问由车辆,防止如货运车辆,不准使用它。
Busways和bus-only街道提供一个专门的轨迹,用公共汽车(2)交通和停车场管理措施这是典型的no-entry,禁止将控制,允许公共汽车(也可能是骑自行车的人)做运动禁止其他车辆。
财务和空间的许可证。
一个解决方法是权威的高速公路提供存取路线,使commemial性能下降,提供肩和让居民获得相对的,在豪宅的停车的性质。
(三)交通信号控制交通信号控制包括:@信号的言论@Selective车辆被动公交优先detection-active公交优先队列中“@ @重叠阶段安置、交通和公共汽车Presignals计量@推进区域。
(四)。
公共汽车站的改进一个主要的原因,在市区巴士延迟和一般的交通是不顾别人的停车场附近公交车站。
在公共汽车上有困难进入车站的交通流,随后会合。
乘客不得不诉诸行走在汽车上公共汽车。
有时实施等,是不恰当的,因为这加载的限制会阻止合理使用的长度的路肩上由当地居民和企业。
一种解决办法就是阻止停车的地方去公共汽车站为乘客提供更容易通过构建登机,包括本地总线滑板的延伸到车道的相对1.0-2.0m有关。
巴士站的定位,通常是由实际问题,如避免银行、邮政ofrices空间,在需要特殊的交货,避免创建视力线为侧道路交通。
公共汽车是一种明显的改善避难所的巴士站,提供保护不受天气。
时间表信息还应具备在公车站在普通静电上市的日程安排时间的汽车到达目的地,达到停,或为实时信息。
一批肩是高边平底弯肩使公共汽车司机来排列他们的车辆精确在公车站。
伟大的优点是登机,其后是near-level旅客出入境的汽车,而不需要重新走上道路。
Unit5 Urban Transit Definitions翻译：城市交通系统是常见的航空公司的乘客在城市里。
城市交通不是一种截然不同的技术,而是一种操作和制度的概念。
它使用公路、铁路工程上得到广泛应用,以及运营和管理方法采用常见的航空公司在其他的交通方式。
本文是提供信息的物理特性和经营城市公共交通。
读者是指其他知识之详情铁路工程、汽车特点的基础上,对旅游需求和模态的选择、规划考虑,和相似材料。
用于定义城市轨道交通的重要方面,本文调查了此系统的物理特性、车辆、线路(侧,停止和表演)、操作规程、经济和管理方面的能力的定义及其贡献过境城市流动。
特别的词和短语的城市交通系统中使用的标题下可定义的一般功能、技术和服务。
一般函数定义(1)。
城市交通运输网络管理系统(也被称为)是一种常用的航空公司提供的服务的旅客及其行李上建立了路线,附带的时间表,固定费用、出版及提供给所有人希望利用自己的服务。
(2)。
Paratransit是一种服务,背离了定义,因为它可以前不遵循固定线路或进度表,不得公开的,或者两者兼有。
例子包括出租车、公共汽车、vanpools,俱乐部demand-responsive服务。
(3)。
特许服务是基于合约的一家运输公司和个人之间或定期雇佣的偶然车辆和司机、限制使用缔约国,遵循这个政党路线和时间表的欲望。
技术的定义,(1)。
站房用地红线是指土地使用的交通运输系统。
它可以共享(街道),semiexclusive(轻便铁路、公共汽车和high-occupancy-vehicles保留车道上),或者独家(轨道快速转关)。
(2)。
导轨或基础设施是指侧加上特殊的进步所需要的操作(例如,追踪、配电、控制系统)。
(3)。
机车车辆的收入在高速公路上,或gnideways运作提供实际的客运。
这个词单位指派一个单独安排运输服务,这可能是一个单一的汽车或火车。
下面是cornmonly大类: (DVan:乘用车在汽车和轻型卡车底盘的推动下,内燃机,有能力为6 - 15人。
(~)。
一辆巴士,25ft少(750万)长,由内燃机、容量超过十五人。
(~)。
交通车辆总线:超过25ft(独立)长,通常被柴油发动机。
(_4)。
公共汽车:运输汽车手推车推动电力线路从头顶。
(~表达公共汽车:交通公共汽车(柴油或电)和一个永久附semitrailer内部循环,乘客。
(~)。
巴士或轻轨交通工具(轻轨):一个电推进轨道车辆运行在火车上单独地或者共享或semiexclusive让行。
~(~轨道车:一个电动汽车通常在推动的独家right-of列车——我道。
我(~)。
通勤火车:一个标准的铁路客车和高密度阀座。
这是可能的推进(用电或柴油发动机)或设计以机车牵引。
(四)。
轻轨交通(轻轨)指铁路服务至少部分共享或semiexelusive right-of -路设计,所以其他交通工具,可以安全的地方desirext轻轨交通运行。
(五)。
沉重的轨道交通(HRT)(也叫做快速公交系统工程中常见的说法)是指公路铁路服务,设计不需要独占容纳其他类型的交通。
服务的定义,(1)当地的运输服务在街上或其他公路使频繁停下,因此,在相对较低的速度运行,相邻土地用途在可接受的步行距离。
(2)。
快递服务是服务,不去尝试来为所有陆地通过传球,但提供更快的速度来选定的间隔更分开。
停止(三)基本服务包括航线操作一整天的长度(虽然日”的不同而不同,约为14到24小时),至少5天/周。