英语单项知识的讲解与练习(60)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(123)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（123）611. envy 的用法envy 妒忌、羡慕。
例句：①They envy him his good fortune.他们羡慕他的好运气。
②I envy her ability to dance in front of a crowd.她在众人面前所展现的的舞技令我羡慕不已。
③He was filled with envy at my success.他对我的成功满怀羡慕。
④His new house was the envy of all his friends.他的新居成了所有朋友羡慕的对象。
短语：envy you your success/ envy your success/ envy you for your success/ envy you on account of your success 羡慕(妒忌)你的成功；the envy of somebody 某人的羡慕或妒忌；A’s envy of B，A 对B 的羡慕或妒忌；feel envy at 对……感到羡慕或妒忌；out of envy出于妒忌；hide her envy of me隐藏对我的妒忌；green with envy十分妒忌；be envious of羡慕……、妒忌……；envy sb. doing/for sth. 忌妒或羡慕某人做某事; with envy 羡慕地；忌妒地; be the envy of 是令人羡慕/忌妒的事物; envy at sb's success 羡慕某人的成功;in〔with〕envy 嫉妒；用法：①envy与the连用，表示羡慕、妒忌令人羡慕的人或物。
②envy和否定词连用时,常表示一种温和的惋惜、同情,也常表示庆幸自己未曾遭遇到对方那样的麻烦或不幸。
③envy作及物动词时,意思是“忌妒,羡慕”,后可接简单宾语、双宾语,也可以在宾语后接for加动名词等结构,但不能接从句。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(112)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（112）556. deliver的用法delivervt.接生(小孩)；递送；发表(演说等)例句：①The mailman delivers letters and parcels every morning.邮差每天早晨递送信件和包裹。
②He delivered a long prose.他发表了一篇冗长乏味的演讲。
③We deliver the goods in batches.我们分批交付货物。
④Education delivered him from ignorance.教育把他从无知中解救出来。
⑤She delivered twins in the evening.晚上她生了一对双胞胎。
短语：deliver a baby 接生小孩；生小孩; deliver sth. to...把某物送到…; express delivery 快递; on delivery送达时；货到时; deliver on one's pledge (or promise)履行诺言；deliver oneself of an opinion发表意见；deliver a blow at one's enemy给予敌人一个打击；deliver as 作为…播送；deliver sb from danger 救某人出险；deliver sb from pains 解除某人的痛苦；deliver sb into the hand of the police 把某人引渡给警察；deliver sb of fear 消除某人的恐惧；deliver on 履行,实行；deliver over to the police 把(某人)交给警察；deliver oneself to 向…投案自首；deliver to sb's house 送到家；用法：①deliver可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(98)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（98）486. compete的用法compete比赛、竞赛。
例句：①Companies must be able to compete in the marketplace.公司一定要在市场中有竞争力。
②Several companies are competing for the contract.几家公司正为争取一项合同而互相竞争。
③We can compete with the best teams.我们能与最好的队竞争。
短语：compete for为了……竞争；compete in race 赛跑；compete with/ against somebody for something与某人竞争以得到某物；compete in (a game, a match) 参加；在……方面竞争; be in competition with sb.和某人竞争; compete as 作为…称职；compete at 在…方面胜任；compete for championship 争夺冠军；compete for sb's work 工作称职；compete in a contest 参加比赛；compete in one's field 胜任自己的专业；compete to the task 能胜任…工作；compete with 同…竞争；用法：①compete的基本意思是“力图取胜”,指在比赛、辩论等有竞争活动中为征服或取胜而进行的努力,常暗示有奖赏刺激物。
②compete是不及物动词,接against表示“与…对抗”,接for表示“夺取…”,接with表示“对…抗争”。
比较：compete 表示“为了争得名次、奖金，合同等”，并不含有将对手征服的意思。
contest 所表示的竞赛可以是友谊赛，也可以是有敌意的竞赛，旨在比试技能、能力、力气、耐力等，此外还可以表示赢得选举。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(122)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（122）606. energy的用法energy能力、能量。
例句：①Young people usually have more energy than the old.青年人通常比老年人精力充沛。
②Don't waste your time and energy on trifles.别把你的时间和精力浪费在琐事上。
③Auckland is a city full of energy.奥克兰是个充满活力的城市。
④The industry felt the effects of the energy crisis.该工业受到能源危机的影响。
⑤He gave a lecture on the use of solar energy.他就太阳能的利用作了一场讲演。
短语：apply/ devote one’s energies to a task致力于工作；full of energy 充满精力；have much energy 精力充沛；all one’s energies to a job一个人的全部工作能力；a burst of energy 一股劲；quantity of energy 能量；sources of energy 能源；devote one's energy to 致力于；direct one's energy to 致力于；have much energy 精力充沛；pour energy into 把精力倾注于；work with energy 努力工作；用法：①energy的基本意思是“活力”“干劲”“能力”,多用作不可数名词,在指人的“精力”时多用复数形式。
引申可表示“能”“能量”“能源”。
②energy作“能力”解时,其后面可用动词不定式作定语,但不可用v-ing形式。
比较：energy 能、能量，是物理学名词，用于人时，指生理上的精力，用来做某事或完成某事的能力，以及自然界的能量。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(82)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（82）406. contaminate的用法contaminate弄脏、污染、毒害；例句：①Contaminate your bed, and you will one night suffocate in your own waste.如果你弄脏了自己的环境，总有一天会窒息在你所丢弃的垃圾之中。
②They are contaminating the minds of our young people with these subversive ideas.他们这些颠覆性的思想是对我们年轻人的精神污染。
③All over the world, oil spillsregularly contaminate coasts.在世界各地，油溢出物经常污染着海岸。
短语：a contaminated zone污染地带；be contaminated by被沾染；contaminate food污染食物；contaminate the mind对精神的污染；用法：①contaminate的基本意思是“把…弄脏”,可指化学污染,也可指普通的弄脏,引申可指对人的思想进行“毒害”。
后接名词或代词作宾语。
②contaminate常用于被动结构be contaminated with/ by，表示“被……所污染”。
如：The water in this part of the river is contaminated by sewage（下水道）.练习：①Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from ______ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.A. configurationB. constitution，constituentC. condemnation,condemnD. contamination,contaminate②Movie directors use music to _______ the action on the screen.A.contaminateplimentC.contemplateplement③These books _____ the minds of our young people.A.are contaminatedB.are contaminatingC.contaminatesD.contaminated④_____ any fish _____ in the Arctic Ocean?A.Are...contaminatedB.Has...been contaminatedC.Have...been contaminatedD.Is...contaminated407. contradictory的用法contradictory (adj)反驳的、反对的；例句：①I was bewildered by the contradictory statements.我被互相矛盾的陈述搞得莫衷一是。
Unit3Myfriends(讲义)译林版英语三年级上册
3A Unit3 知识点&同步练习一、单词词组1.my 我的2. friend 朋友3. she 她4. he 他5.too 也6. this 这个7. is 是8. sister 姐姐，妹妹9.my friends 我的朋友们10. see you next time 下次再见二、句子She is my friend. 她是我的朋友。
He is my friend too. 他也是我的朋友。
三、知识点讲解1.介绍别人：句型结构：She’s + 其他。
（“她是...”介绍女性）例：She’s my friend/ sister.He’s + 其他。
（“他是...”介绍男性）例：He’s my brother.This is + 其他。
（“这是...”）例：This is Mike. He is my friend.注意：she’s = she is he’s = he is2.带有be动词的肯定句变一般疑问句的方法：①将be 动词提前②改大小写③句末加问号例：肯定句：She is Su Hai. 疑问句：Is she Su Hai?肯定句：He is Mike. 疑问句：Is he Mike?肯定句：This is Liu Tao. 疑问句：Is this Liu Tao?口诀：一提二改三问号3.He is my friend too.too 在这里翻译为“也”，一般放在句末，可以用逗号将too与前面的内容隔开，也可以不用。
例子：She is a student too. 她也是一个学生。
4.名词+s 表示复数形式单数＝1 复数＞1例：one egg two eggs5.形容词性物主代词同步练习一、根据汉语写出英文1.她是2.也3.姐姐；妹妹4. 我的5. 他是6. 朋友二、单项选择（）1. Goodbye..A.HelloB. HiC. Goodbye（）2. Yang Ling?A.She isB. Is sheC. I am（）3. is my sister.A.’s（）4. my friend.A.HeB. This isC. This（）5. Liu Tao is my friend.He is my friend .三、根据所给情景，选出正确答案（）1. 当你向别人介绍他是你的朋友时，可以说：A.He’s my friend.B. She‘s my friend.（）2. 当你想向别人介绍你的妹妹时，你可以说：A.This is my friend.B. This is my sister.（）3. 当你向别人介绍远处的那个人是你的姐姐时，你可以说：A.This is my sister.B. That is my sister.（）4. 当你向别人介绍“她是杨玲”时，你可以说：A.He is Yang Ling.B. She is Yang Ling.（）5. “下次见”的正确的英文表达是：A.See you next time.B. Goodbye.四、在第二栏中找出第一栏的答句ⅠⅡ（）1. Who is he?（）2. She is my friend, Nancy.（）3. Are you Mike?（）4. Goodbye, Miss Li.（）5. See you next time.A.Yes, I am.B.Hello, Nancy.C.He is Liu Tao.D.See you next time.E.Goodbye, Yang Ling.五、连词成句，注意大小写及标点符号。
初中英语语法复习(单项填空)
初中英语语法复习单项填空考点集汇、讲解和训练【考点扫描】单项选择题一向是各省市中考的必考题型。
它的特点是考点多，覆盖面广,题量大。
其主要考查点是：1。
考查基本语法；2。
考查同义词、近义词的辨析；3. 考查各种词汇的惯用法和固定搭配；4. 考查掌握和运用日常交际用语的能力。
【名师解难】由于单项选择题所考查的范围较广，所以要想做好此类题一要具备扎实的英语基础知识，二要紧扣语境,抓住关键词。
具体应注意以下几点:1. 复习时要弄清初中阶段所出现的几种主要时态和语态的用法、结构、与之连用的状语及各自的特殊用法.重点要分清现在完成时、一般过去时的用法。
对宾语从句、状语从句、动词不定式、比较等级以及它们的用法规则都要一一弄清楚.还要注意固定搭配、习惯用语、动词的时态和语态、动词辨析以及不同词性的词的用法。
2. 在解题方面要突出语境，在语境中选语句和词汇，防止汉语思维的干扰.英语中一些关键词的含义往往是由它所处的语义环境（即上下文）决定的，答题时如忽视了语境,就很容易答错题。
3. 在解题时要注意句型结构和语序。
要掌握初中阶段所出现的句型结构，注意宾语从句、感叹句的语序。
4。
掌握习语和日常交际用语。
应掌握大纲词汇、习惯用语。
由于文化背景和风俗习惯的不同,对于一些日常交际用语应记牢。
从近几年来全国各地的中考试卷分析可以看出，单项选择题的考点主要分布在：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词；时态、语态;词义辨析、语序、各种不同的从句及交际用语上。
在做单项选择题时，同学们除应具有较扎实的语言基础知识和善于思考外，掌握一些解题方法是很有必要的。
由于单项选择覆盖面广,其解题思路也多种多样。
下面我们举例谈谈一些常用的解题方法。
1. 直接法：即直接利用相关语法知识,通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出正确答案的解题方法，例如：-—— Will you come to the net bars（网吧）with me?--- Sorry. My mother always tells me ___________there.A. not go B。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（92）
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（92）英语单项知识的讲解与练习（92）456. carve的⽤法carve刻、雕刻。
例句：①The statue was carved out of marble.这座雕像是⽤⼤理⽯雕刻的。
②He carved me some very nice pieces of chicken.他为我切了⼏块很好的鸡⾁。
③It's your turn to carve the meat.该你来把⾁切开了。
④He carved me a piece from a chicken. 他给我切⼀块鸡⾁。
短语：carve out one’s/ a way 开辟道路；carve up⽠分、划分；carve one’s name on a pen把名字刻在钢笔上；carve for oneself ⾃由⾏动；carve sth from ivory ⽤象⽛雕成某物；carve in gold 英名永垂；carve sth in marble〔metal, stone, wood〕⽤⼤理⽯〔⾦属,⽯头,⽊头〕雕成某物；carve into equal districts 划分成⼤⼩相同的⾏政区；carve sth out of a potato 把马铃薯雕成某物；⽤法：①carve有两个意思,⼀是“切,切碎”,如切⾁、切菜等,引申可指“⽠分”。
⼆是“雕刻”,即使⽤⼑、凿等⼯具细⼼熟练地、有⽬的地雕刻出图案、画像或⽂字。
②carve可⽤作不及物动词,也可⽤作及物动词。
⽤作及物动词时,可接简单宾语(可以是雕刻⽤的⽊、⽯; 也可以是⽤雕刻的对象如花朵等),也可接双宾语,其间接宾语可以转换为介词for的宾语。
练习：①The ___ pot showed that the ___ of human kind in China is very high in ancient ___.A. carve; civilize; timesB. carved; civilization; timesC. carved; civilized; timesD. carved; civilization; time②The worker carved a big Chinese character ___ a piece of stone.A. inB. toC. onD. into③The mother took a cake out of the bag and her children ___ immediately.A. carved out itB. carved it outC. carved up itD. carved it up④The soldiers had much difficulty ___ their way and marched on.A. to carveB. in carvingC. carving457. case的⽤法case箱⼦、盒⼦、情况、状况。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(91)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（91）451. budget的用法budget预算、预案；例句：①Congress has approved the new educational budget.国会通过了新的教育预算。
②Our budget needs drastic revision.我们的预算需作重大修改。
③The government has budgeted 10000000 pounds for education spending.政府将10000000英镑编入教育预算。
④If we budget carefully, we'll be able to afford a new house.如果我们精打细算就能买一座新房子了。
⑤You can buy high-quality goods at budget prices there.你可以在那买到物美价廉的商品。
短语：a budget deficit预算赤字；a family budget家庭收支预算；budget one’s time安排自己的时间；budget for the coming year为下一年度编造预算；enlarge budgets 增加预算；exceed a budget 超出预算；annual budget 年度预算；weekly budget 每周的预算；business budget 营业开支；expense budget 开支预算；用法：budget用作名词的基本意思是“预算”,指计划着怎样花钱。
也可指政府一年一度的财政预算,还可指一项计划中的“预算额,经费”。
练习：①Our money is limited and we should ___ for the next year.A. saveB. spareC. limitD. budget②They earn a great deal, but they can’t balance their ___ because the wife is often ill.A. planB. budgetC. projectD. prediction③He is good at ___ his time.A. budgetingB. arrangingC. budgetD. A and B④His father makes a little money, but he can budget ___ his family.A. inB. onC. forD. with452. burn的用法burn燃烧、晒(干)。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(61)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（61）301、be surrounded with/ by（1）、surroundings环境，总是用复数，相应的动词也用复数，主要指周围的物质环境。
如：live in pleasant surroundings生活在舒适的环境中；但为了强调整体概念而用了表示单数的指示代词也不算错。
（2）、condition的复数形式conditions可表示“环境，情况”，但主要表示抽象意义上的。
（3）、environment意为“环境”时，既可表示抽象概念也可表示具体意义，包括周围环境、外界、自然环境、社会环境等。
练习：①She has always been ___ with many fashionable friends.A. surroundedB. calledC. organizedD. gathered②___ by a group of children, the old man went on with the story.A. SurroundedB. SurroundingC. To be surroundedD. Being surrounded③We don't see animals in their natural ___ at a zoo.A. surroundingB. surroundingsC. environmentsD. circumstance④A lot of the children at the school do not live in the town, but come from the ___ countryside.A. surroundedB. surroundingC. surroundingsD. surround⑤_____ by the police, the thief had no choice but to surrender（投降）.A. SurroundedB. Having surroundedC. To be surroundedD. Surrounding302、survive sb by 15 years（1）、survive in the desert在沙漠中活下来；survive the fire经过大火而活下来；survive sb by 15 years比某人多活15年；survive on sth. = live on sth.靠……生存；（2）、survive作vt，宾语指人，表示比某人（通常是直系亲属）活得长，survive的宾语后可接by，表示“比某人多活……年”；survive 的宾语表示危险、灾难、攻击、动乱等时，表示“幸免于”。
高中英语语法知识复习-It的用法讲解及练习60多题
⾼中英语语法知识复习-It的⽤法讲解及练习60多题It的⽤法It的⽤法在⾼考中也是重现率较⾼的语⾔点，尤其是it⽤于强调句。
其考查⽅式多通过“单项填空”进⾏，偶尔也出现在“短⽂改错”和“完形填空”中。
1． It was only when I reread his poems recently ___ I began to appreciate their beauty．A．until B．that C．then D．so正确答案：B 此题考查强调句，所以⽤that。
2． I hate ____when people talk with their mouths full．A．it B．that C．these D．them正确答案：A 此题考查it作形式宾语的⽤法，所以选A。
3．(短⽂改错)David and I did not agree and David pointed to a path which he thought it would probably lead to a village．正确答案：去掉it，因为定语从句中已有宾语which。
⼀、要点点拔1．代替上⽂中提到过的⼈或事物。
指代⼈时，⼀般⽤于⼩孩或⾝份不⼗分明朗的⼈。
1) －Who is the baby?－It‘s my teacher’s son．2) －Who is that gentleman?－It's my friend Tom．He(不可⽤It) wants to see you．2．⽤于表达天⽓、环境、时间、距离、季节等。
例如：1) It’s half an hour’s walk from here to our school．2) It‘s nice and warm here．3) But it's two o'clock now, and it's time for us to go to school．3．⽤作形式主语.it 没有具体意义，⽽只是帮助把真正的主语移⾄句⼦后尾，使句⼦显得平稳⼀些，能借it 给移⾄句⼦后尾的主语有三种：⼀种由不定式表⽰，⼀种由动名词表⽰，⼀种由从句表⽰。
Unit 1 Grammar 知识点讲解练习(解析版)
Unit 1 Can you play the guitar？Grammar目录语法1 情态动词can的用法 (1)语法2 can的句式变化 (2)课后巩固练习 (3)语法1 情态动词can的用法very fast.A．must B．can C．should D．may【答案】B【解析】句意：史蒂文擅长运动，他会打篮球和踢足球，跑得非常快。
考查情态动词。
must必须；can能，会；should应该；may可以。
根据“Steve is good at sports”可知，会打篮球和踢足球，故选B。
【练习65】(单项选择)—________ you dance last year? —No, but I ________ now.A．Can; could B．Could; can C．Can; can D．Could; could【答案】B【解析】句意：——去年你会跳舞吗？——不，但我现在会跳舞。
考查情态动词。
can情态动词，能，会；could情态动词，能，用在疑问句中表示委婉语气，也可表示过去的能力，第一空表示过去的能力用could，第二空是肯定句，有时间状语now 用can，故选B。
【练习66】(单项选择)Tom can’t play basketball on school days, but he ________ play it on weekends.A．must B．can C．have to D．should【答案】B【解析】句意：汤姆不能在上学的日子打篮球，但他可以在周末打。
考查情态动词。
must必须、一定；can可以、能够；have to不得不；should应该。
由转折词but可知，前后句之间表达的应是转折关系，前面说不能在上学的日子打篮球，则后面应该是说可以在周末打，因此can符合题意，故选B。
语法2 can的句式变化Bill ________ ________ the piano well.【答案】can play【解析】句意：比尔钢琴弹得很好。
Unit 9 Section B 知识点讲解与练习 人教版七年级英语下册
人教版初中英语七年级下册unit 9 Section B 知识点讲解与练习一．artist singer 表职业单词1. 动词+ er/or (表示职业或身份的)名词teach v.教——teacher n. 老师，教师sing v. 唱——singer n. 歌手dance v.跳舞——dancer n. 舞者，舞蹈家clean v.打扫_cleaner n. 清洁工act v. 表演，行动——actor n. 男演员work v. 工作——worker n. 工人wait v.等待——waiter n. 男服务员2.名词+ ist （表示职业或身份的）名词piano n. 钢琴——pianist n. 钢琴家violin n. 小提琴——violinist n. 小提琴家art n.艺术——artist n. 艺术家science n.科学——scientist n. 科学家二．round1.adj. 圆形的The earth is round. 地球是圆的。
The little girl has a round face. 这个小女孩长着一张圆圆的脸。
2.adv. 迂回地，在周围。
He stood there looking all round. 他站在那儿环顾四周。
adv. moving in a circle 旋转；环绕；兜圈子Everybody joins hands and dances round.大家手拉着手，围成一圈跳舞。
How do you make the wheels go round?你是怎么让轮子转起来的？3.prep. 围绕，环绕，大约。
They sat round the table. 他们围桌而坐。
三．.face1. n.脸Anger showed in his face. 他的脸上露出了怒容。
2. v. 面对，面向，朝向。
We should face the problem bravely. 我们应该勇敢地面对困难。
译林版英语七年级上册知识点讲解练习
7上Unitl知识点讲解和练习【单元学习重点和要求】一、语音1．单词重读'welcome 'secondary 'swimming 'racket'lunchtime 'badminton 'tennis 'breakfast2．不完全爆破ba(d)minton baske(t)ball brea(k)fast bla(ck) hair foo(t)ball 3．句子重音和语调Are you my / master? Yes, I \ am.What's your \ name? My name’s \ Daniel.二、词汇4．单词welcome secondary racket tennis swimming badminton football lunchtime field court boots swimsuit5．词组come from 从……来，来自于……be born 出生play football 踢足球at school 在上学，在求学work hard 努力工作；努力学习enjoy doing sth 爱好（喜欢）做某事tennis racket 网球拍football field 足球场tennis court 网球场football boots 足球鞋swimming pool 游泳池have breakfast 吃早饭/餐watch TV every day take a bus afterschool half an hour be good at theWorld Cup the Computer Club playcomputer games the Music Clublook for things on the Internet 网上搜寻/浏览三、日常用语Hi, I’m Sandy. What’s your name? 你好，我叫桑迪。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(114)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（114）566. detail 的用法detail 详细例句：①The full details of the agreement haven't been made public.协议的细节尚未公布。
②He told us the accident in detail.他详细地把事故讲给我们听。
③Could you detail all your expenses on this form?请把你的各项开支列在这张表格上，好吗？④Please detail the characteristics of the machine.请详细说明该机器的性能。
短语：in detail 详细地；detail something to somebody 详细地把某事告诉某人；go into detail/ details叙述详情；an eye for detail 明察秋毫；in complete detail 十分详细；in full detail 详尽地；a matter of detail 一桩琐事；detail by detail 逐一；details of…的详细情况；用法：①detail用作及物动词,后面可接名词作宾语,宾语后可加介词短语、副词、副词短语作状语,宾语后还可接以动词不定式充当补足语的复合宾语。
②detail的过去分词detailed意为“详细的,仔细的”,常用作形容词在句中作定语,间或也用作表语。
③in detail,这里detail用的是单数，go into detail(s)这里单复数都可以，但是一般多是用单数形式，习惯用复数形式的是go intopersonal details；④in more detail比more in detail 用法普遍，同理in less detail比less in detail用法更为常见。
练习：(1). 单项填空：①Some of the passengers told the reporters about their ___ in the burning train.A. detailsB. tripsC. eventsD. experiences②I’m ___ to go and nothing will stop me.A. detectedB. detailedC. destroyedD. determined③Study the contract ____________ before signing.A. in detailB. in detailsC. at detailD. at details④Editing requires great _____.A. attentions to detailB. attention to detailC. attention to detailsD. attentions to details(2). 用detail的适当短语填空：①Editing requires great _____________.②Study the contract ____________ before signing.③For ______________, contact the personnel department.567. develop的用法develop发展、开发、冲洗(照片)。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(118)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（118）586. donate的用法donatev. 捐赠，赠送例句：①She donated a large sum of money to the charity.她捐了一大笔钱给那个慈善机构。
②The van was donated to us by a local firm.这辆货车是当地一家公司捐赠给我们的。
③I can donate one hundred dollars at best.我充其量只能捐助100美元。
④We donate to the school endowment fund every year.我们每年向学校的捐赠基金捐款。
⑤The government calls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily.政府号召青年义务献血。
短语：donate sth. to sb. 向某人捐赠某物; make/give/present a donation to sb. 捐赠给某人; send a donation to 把捐款寄至……; promise a donation 应允捐赠; donate money捐款；用法：donate多指向慈善团体捐赠物品、钱等。
常与介词to连用。
练习：(1). 完成句子：①He __________ (捐赠)a million to the school.②The rest of the money we get is _______________ (来自捐赠).(2). 单项填空：①Many people have donated that type of blood;however,the blood bank needs_____ .A.someB.lessC.muchD.more②Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to_____ our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”,which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.A.sponsorunchanizeD.plan③About 30 percent to 40 percent of nonemergency surgery in these countries_____delayed because less than 2 percent of the people_____ blood.A.is;donatesB.are;donatesC.are; donateD.is;donate④The adults have to work harder than ever to provide for the needs of the children, who cannot_____ to the economy until they are older.A. appealB. contributeC. donateD. correspond⑤Half a month later, he found his lost motorcycle_____in the woods off the highway.A. abandonedB. rentedC. donatedD. refused587. doom的用法doomvt. 注定；判决; n. 厄运；毁灭例句：①The voyage was doomed from the start.这次航行从一开始就注定要失败。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(71)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（71）351. anecdote的用法anecdote (n)轶事、奇闻；例句：①He departs from the text to tell an anecdote.他没讲课文而讲了一段轶事。
②He told me some anecdotes about our English teacher.他告诉我几个关于英语老师的掌故。
③It had never been more than a family anecdote.那不过是个家庭趣谈罢了。
短语：collect anecdotes 收集奇闻；relate an anecdote 讲述奇闻；amusing anecdote 趣闻；authentic anecdote 真实轶事；trifling anecdotes of celebrities 名人轶事；用法：anecdote后可接of, about, concerning或in regard to，引出“轶事涉及的内容”。
如：He listened to this anecdote about the President’s childhood.练习：①She told me some _____about how people always took her for her twin sister when they made an appearance for a show.A. anecdotesB. assessmentsC. AssistanceD. frameworks②He told me some anecdote _____ our English teacher.A.ofB.forC.aboutD.with③He has a talent _____ recollection and anecdote.A.ofB.forC.aboutD. in④He also serves up by far the best anecdote _____the real workings of state capitalism.A.ofB.forC.overD.about352.applicant的用法applicant (n) 申请人、请求者；例句：①He gave every new applicant the once-over.他匆匆地看一下每一个新来的申请人。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(104)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（104）516. convenient的用法convenient便利的、方便的。
例句：①Internet makes it convenient for us to get in touch with each other.互联网使得我们相互联系便利了。
②Please come whenever it is convenient to you.方便的时候,请随时来。
③We'll find a place convenient for lunch. 我们要找一个近便的地方吃饭。
④Is it convenient for you to start work now?现在就开始工作你方便吗? 短语：if it is convenient to you如果你方便的话；be convenient for适宜、适合；be convenient to do something便宜、适宜于做某事；It is convenient to do sth做某事方便; mutually convenient对双方都方便的；用法：①convenient有两个意思:一是“时间适合某人”,二是“附近的”。
作“适合某人”解时,其主语是事或物而非人,表示主语具有“适合某人”的特征。
作“附近的”解时，常修饰distance等名词。
②be convenient的意思是“是合适的”“是方便的”,在以表示事或物的名词作主语时,其后常接介词for或to引起的短语。
在动词不定式或that从句作主语时常采用形式主语结构,动词不定式的逻辑主体可由介词for引出。
③convenient作“附近的”解时,如用作表语,其后常接介词for；如用作定语修饰distance,须用介词from短语，表示“离…近”。
练习：①If it is ___ you today, please post the letter for me on your way home.A. convenient withB. convenient toC. convenient forD. convenient on②Come and see me whenever ___.A. you are convenientB. you will be convenientC. it is convenient to youD. it will be convenient to you③If it is quite ___ to you, i’ll visit you next Tuesday.A. convenientB. fairC. easyD. comfortable④Our new house is very ___ for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.A. adaptableB. comfortableC. convenientD. available517. convey的用法convey(vt)转达、传达、运送、传播；例句：①I find it hard to convey my feelings in word.我觉得难以用言语表达我的感情。
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(81)
英语单项知识的讲解与练习（81）401. candidate的用法candidate (n)候选人、投考者；例句：①There are three candidates for the vacancy.这一空缺有三名候选人。
②She had been nominated as candidate for the presidency.她已被提名为总统候选人。
③He made several favorable comments about their candidate.他对他们的候选人发表了一些有利的评论。
④Most candidates passed in grammar.参加考试的人大多数语法及格。
短语：as a candidate作为候选人；candidate for office公职候补者；candidate of a degree学位候选人；defeated〔failed〕candidate落选人员,不合格者；leading candidate主要候选人；selected candidate入选者；candidate for Presidency总统候选人，用法：candidate for后面一般加职业或者职位等，表示某方面的候选人。
如：John was the strongest candidate for the job.练习：①I guess Jones didn’t have a chance to win the election. Almost all of the people in the city voted for his ____.A. opponentB. candidateC. colleagueD. advocate②They’re interviewing three _____ for the post of sales manager.A. sponsorsB. candidatesC. advocatesD. opponents③They are interviewing candidates _____ the job of sales managers.A.ofB.aboutC.forD.in④This candidate does not _____ the requirement that secondary school should be completed.A.makeB.getC.takeD.meet402. caution 的用法caution (n)小心、谨慎、警告；例句：①The teacher gave Tom a caution and told him never to do it again.老师给了汤姆一次警告,叫他不许再那样做。
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英语单项知识的讲解与练习（60）296、catch sight of（1）、sight风景、被见之物、供参观、游览的地方，可指任何看到的场面，也可指某一地区的风景、名胜，常用复数。
如：see the sights of the city 观看城市风光；（2）、at the sight of 结构可和on doing something/ as soon as 作句型转换，类似的短语有：at the thought of 一想起；at the sound of 一听到；如：At the sight of / On seeing/ As soon as he saw his old friend, he hurried to him.（3）、catch sight of 看到、发现；in sight 看得见、在视野内；lose one’s sight 丧失视力；lose sight of/ out of sight 看不见；at the first sight 初见；at the sight of 见到……时；（4）、lose sight of 看不见，后接人或事物名词，有主动的意义，反义词是：catch/ get sight of，引申为“得不到……的音讯、忽略、忘记”。
如：The place was so crowded, we soon lost sight of him.（5）、out of sight 看不见，表示被动意义，反义词是：in/ within sight。
如：The train was soon out of sight.练习：①The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common ___ in many parts of the city.A. lookB. signC. sightD. appearance②___ of his mother, the baby stopped ___.A. at sight; cryingB. At the sight; to cryC. At a sight; to cryD. At the sight; crying③They watched the train until it ___.A. was out of sightB. lost sightC. was disappearedD. was lost sight④If you stand here, you’ll get a better ___ of the river.A. sightB. viewC. sceneD. Scenery⑤For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree _____ .A. in sightB. on earthC. at a distanceD. in place297、be similar to（1）、similar 类似的、想象的、不是同一的，similar 前要用a，后要用to。
如：on a similar plan 以类似的方法；（2）、same 同一的、相同的、同样的，same 前要用the，后要用as。
如：on the same plan以同一的方法；练习：①Our country is ___ yours in that they both have several time zones.A. same asB. similar toC. alike asD. familiar to②Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. ___, our minds are developed by learning.A. ProbablyB. LikelyC. SimilarlyD. Generally③Boys wear fashionable clothes to attract girls; in a(n) ___ way, some birds have bright feathers.A. commonB. ordinaryC. sameD. similar④After that, I avoided his presence, as I felt he was becomin g too ___ me.A. popular withB. similar toC. known toD. familiar with298、since的用法（1）、It’ll be + 时间+ before 从句，指一段时间后才会发生某事，可用于各种时态中。
如：It’ll be five months before we meet each other again.（2）、在It is … since 句型中，since 从句的谓语应该用过去时态，若该谓语动词为延续性或状态动词，则汉语一般译成否定意义。
如：It is 8 months since he was a worker 他不当工人已有八个月了。
（3）、since从句后不能用否定式。
如：It is 2 weeks since you didn’t come to see me（是错句）；（4）、习惯上不说：若干时间+ since。
如：I’ve lived here 5 years since my return (改为：since my return 5 years ago)；（5）、在强调句型中，只强调because 引导的状语从句，而不可强调由since, as, for 引导的从句。
（6）、since 作介词时，后跟名词、动名词等；作连词时，后跟从句；since指继续着的事情的时间起点，后跟过去的某一个具体时间，句子的谓语用完成时。
练习：①How long has this bookshop been in business? ___ 1982.A. AfterB. InC. FromD. Since②They asked me to have a drink with them, I said that it was at least ten years since I ___ a good drink.A. had enjoyedB. was enjoyingC. hadD. had been enjoying③The book was written in 1946, ___ the education system has witnessed great changes.A. whenB. during whichC. since thenD. since when④Scientists say it may be five or six years ___ it is possible to test this medicine on patients.A. sinceB. afterC. beforeD. when299、struggle to do something（1）、struggle for a living 为生计而奋斗；struggle to do something 努力做某事；struggle against/ with = fight against/ with/ be against 和……斗争、搏斗、反对；struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来；with a struggle 费了好大的劲；struggle to do sth. (=make great efforts to do sth.)努力做某事；（2）、struggle指较长时间的、激烈的斗争，往往指肉体及精神上的战斗。
（3）、fight意为“搏斗，打斗，打架”，表示“斗争”时，包含体力和勇猛的因素。
练习：①___ in the river, the ___ girl cried for help at the top of her voice.A. struggled; drownedB. Struggling; drowningC. Having struggled; drowningD. Struggling; having drowned②The thief ___ a s truggle to escape but failed.A. didB. madeC. hadD. took③I heard that he has risen to vice president in his new company. Yeah, but you can never imagine how he has ___ his way into success.A. foundB. madeC. lostD. struggled④The l ion made a sudden angry noise and tried to struggle ___ its feet. But it failed, falling over and lying still.A. toB. onC. withD. from⑤The working people have never stopped their struggle _____ unfair treatment.A. againstB. forC. fromD. to300、be surrounded with/ by（1）、a house surrounded with trees 树木环绕的房子；live in pleasant surroundings生活在舒适的环境中；be surrounded with/ by被……环绕、包围；surround ...with ... 使……包围（2）、surroundings环境，总是用复数，相应的动词也用复数，但为了强调整体概念而用了表示单数的指示代词也不算错。
（3）、surroundings意为“环境”时，要用复数形式，主要指周围的物质环境。
（4）、condition的复数形式conditions可表示“环境，情况”，但主要表示抽象意义上的。
（5）、environment意为“环境”时，既可表示抽象概念也可表示具体意义，包括周围环境、外界、自然环境、社会环境等。
练习：①She has always been ___ with many fashionable friends.A. surroundedB. calledC. organizedD. gathered②___ by a group of children, the old man went on with the story.A. SurroundedB. SurroundingC. To be surroundedD. Being surrounded③We don't see animals in their natural ___ at a zoo.A. surroundingB. surroundingsC. environmentsD. circumstance④A lot of the children at the school do not live in the town, but come from the ___ countryside.A. surroundedB. surroundingC. surroundingsD. surround⑤_____ by the police, the thief had no choice but to surrender（投降）.A. SurroundedB. Having surroundedC. To be surroundedD. SurroundingKeys:296、CDABA297、BCDD298、DCDC299、BBDAA300、AABBA。