二笔考试必备—中国的对外贸易—中英对照完整版

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进出口贸易专业术语中英文对照

银行英语：出口信贷 export credit出口津贴 export subsidy商品倾销 dumping外汇倾销 exchange dumping优惠关税 special preferences保税仓库 bonded warehouse贸易顺差 favorable balance of trade贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade进口配额制 import quotas自由贸易区 free trade zone对外贸易值 value of foreign trade国际贸易值 value of international trade普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP最惠国待遇 most-favored nation treatment-MFNT-------------------价格条件----------------------价格术语trade term (price term) 运费freight单价 price 码头费wharfage总值 total value 卸货费landing charges金额 amount 关税customs duty净价 net price 印花税stamp duty含佣价price including commission 港口税portdues回佣return commission 装运港portof shipment折扣discount,allowance 卸货港port of discharge批发价 wholesale price 目的港portof destination零售价 retail price 进口许口证inportlicence现货价格spot price 出口许口证exportlicence期货价格forward price现行价格（时价）current price prevailingprice国际市场价格 world(International)Marketprice离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board成本加运费价（离岸加运费价） C&F-cost and freight到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight--------------------交货条件----------------------交货delivery 轮船steamship(缩写S.S)装运、装船shipment 租船charter (the chartered shep) 交货时间 time of delivery定程租船voyage charter; 装运期限time of shipment 定期租船time charter托运人（一般指出口商）shipper,consignor收货人consignee班轮regular shipping liner 驳船lighter舱位shipping space 油轮tanker报关clearance of goods 陆运收据cargo receipt提货to take delivery of goods空运提单airway bill 正本提单original B\L选择港（任意港）optional port选港费optional charges选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 optional charges for Buyers account一月份装船 shipment during January 或January shipment一月底装船 shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment on or before Jan.31st.一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb.或 Jan./Feb. shipment在......(时间）分两批装船 shipment during....in two lots在......(时间）平均分两批装船 shipment during....in two equal lots分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments分三个月，每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipments立即装运 immediate shipments即期装运 prompt shipments收到信用证后30天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C允许分批装船 partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permittedpartial shipment not unacceptable---------------交易磋商、合同签订-----------------订单 indent 订货；订购 book; booking电复 cable reply 实盘 firm offer递盘 bid; bidding 递实盘 bid firm还盘 counter offer 发盘（发价) offer发实盘 offer firm 询盘（询价）inquiry;enquiry---------------交易磋商、合同签订-----------------指示性价格 price indication速复 reply immediately参考价 reference price习惯做法 usual practice交易磋商 business negotiation不受约束 without engagement业务洽谈 business discussion限**复 subject to reply **限* *复到 subject to reply reaching here **有效期限 time of validity有效至**: valid till **购货合同 purchase contract 销售合同sales contract购货确认书 purchase confirmation销售确认书 sales confirmation一般交易条件 general terms and conditions以未售出为准 subject to prior sale需经卖方确认 subject to sellers confirmation需经我方最后确认 subject to our final confirmation------------------贸易方式------------------------INT (拍卖auction) 寄售consignment招标invitation of tender投标submission of tender一般代理人agent 总代理人general agent代理协议agency agreement累计佣金accumulative commission补偿贸易compensation trade（或抵偿贸易）compensating/compensatory trade（又叫：往返贸易） counter trade来料加工processing on giving materials来料装配assembling on provided parts独家经营/专营权exclusive right独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement独家代理 sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency;exclusive agent-------------------品质条件-----------------------品质 quality 原样 original sample规格 specifications 复样 duplicate sample说明 description 对等样品countersample标准 standard type 参考样品reference sample商品目录 catalogue 封样 sealed sample宣传小册 pamphlet 公差 tolerance货号 article No. 花色（搭配）assortment样品 sample 5% 增减 5% plus or minus代表性样品 representative sample大路货（良好平均品质）fair average quality--------------------商检仲裁-----------------------索赔 claim 争议disputes罚金条款 penalty 仲裁arbitration不可抗力 force Majeure 仲裁庭arbitral tribunal产地证明书certificate of origin品质检验证书 inspection certificate of quanlity重量检验证书 inspection certificate of weight (quantity)**商品检验局 **commodity inspection bureau (*.C.I.B)品质、重量检验证书 inspectioncertificate---------------------数量条件-----------------------个数 number 净重 net weight容积 capacity 毛作净gross for net体积 volume 皮重 tare毛重 gross weight溢短装条款 more or less clause-----------------------外汇-------------------------外汇 foreign exchange 法定贬值devaluation外币 foreign currency 法定升值revaluation汇率 rate of exchange 浮动汇率floating rate国际收支 balance of payments 硬通货hard currency直接标价 direct quotation 软通货soft currency间接标价 indirect quotation 金平价gold standard买入汇率 buying rate 通货膨胀inflation卖出汇率 selling rate 固定汇率fixed rate金本位制度 gold standard 黄金输送点 gold points铸币平价 mint par 纸币制度 paper money system国际货币基金 international monetary fund黄金外汇储备 gold and foreign exchange reserve汇率波动的官定上下限 official upper and lower limits of fluctuation银行交易bank book/pass book存折open an account开户earn interest赚取利息savings account储蓄存款帐户current account活期存款帐户check/cheque account支票帐户deposit account定期存款帐户annual interest rate年利率monthly savings account按月计息帐户daily interest account按天计息帐户instant account速成户头 service charge服务费/手续费signature card签名卡 draw/withdraw 提款 order check/cheque记名支票 rubber check/cheque空头支票blank check/cheque空白支票 exchange rate汇率denomination=face value面额 four in hundred四张一百元面额give the money in fives/tens换成五元或十元面额bill钞票 change零钱cash现金 password/code 密码amount in figures小写金额 amount in words 大写金额credit card信用卡 the balance of your bank account帐户余额traveler’s check/chque 旅行支票 coin硬币penny便士 nickel（美、加）的五分硬币dime（美、加）的十分硬币 unit 货币单位value/worth面值 ounce盎司1/16磅commercial/merchant bank商业银行 full refund 全额偿还extension延期 overdraw/overdraft透支rebate回扣 payday发薪日pay slip/envelop 薪水单 mortgage抵押expense account公款支付帐户a princely sum(an excessive amount)巨款apply for/grant_______a loan申请/批准贷款debt债务 collateral担保物fill out/in填写chquebook/checkbook支票簿loan贷款 joint account联名帐户by installment分期付款cashier收银员teller银行职员 statement对帐单money order汇票 accountant会计 A.T.M自动取款机（M0）money in circulation 流通中的现金（M1） narrow money 狭义货币（M2） broad money 广义货币a minimum living standard system 最低生活保障系统Account 帐户Accounting equation 会计等式Accounting system 会计系统All Risks 一切险American Accounting Association 美国会计协会American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会Articulation 勾稽关系Assets 资产Audit 审计bad account 坏帐Balance sheet 资产负债表bear market 熊市blank endorsed 空白背书Bookkeepking 簿记bull market 牛市Business entity 企业个体Capital stock 股本cargo receipt 承运货物收据Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测catalogue 商品目录Certificate in Internal Auditing内部审计证书Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant 注册会计师China Securities Regulatory Commission 中国证监会China's "Big Four" commercial banks中国四大商业银行close-ended fund 封闭式基金commission 佣金consignee 收货人Corporation 公司Cost accounting 成本会计cost and freightCFR 成本加运费价格cost insurance and freightCIF 成本加运保费Cost principle 成本原则Creditor 债权人cut a melon 分红dead account 呆帐Deflation 通货紧缩delivery 交货Disclosure 批露dividend，bonus stock 股息，红利downturn 低迷时期endorsed 背书enforce stockholding system 实行股份制Expenses 费用export department 出口部External users 外部使用者F.P.A.(Free from Particular Average) 平安险F.W.R.D.(Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险face value 面值fees－for－tax reFORM 费改税Financial accounting 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会Financial activities 筹资活动Financial forecast 财务预测Financial statement 财务报表foreign exchange reservers 外汇储备futures market 期货市场Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则General-purpose inFORMation 通用目的信息genetically－modified products 基因改良产品Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设Government Accounting Office govern会计办公室Hook Damage 钩损险import department 进口部Income statement 损益表income tax 所得税indicative price 参考价格Inflation 通货膨涨Inquiry 询盘Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会Institute of Management Accountants管理会计师协会Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 内部审计Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者Investing activities 投资活动knowledge-based economy 知识经济labour-intensive economy 劳动密集型经济Liabilities 负债Management accounting 管理会计marine bills of lading 海运提单national bonds 国债nationalize；nationalization 国有化Negative cash flow 负现金流量non-perFORMing loan 不良贷款non-work income 非劳动收入notify 被通知人open-ended fund 开放式基金Operating activities 经营活动order 订货outstanding of deposits 存款余额Owner's equity 所有者权益partial shipment 分批装运Partnership 合伙企业Positive cash flow 正现金流量press conference 记者招待会price list 价目表privatize；privatization 私有化proactive fiscal measures 积极的财政政策promote independent decision－making by state－owned enterprises 提高企业自主权public relations department公关部publicly owned economy 公有经济recession 衰退时期rectify the market order 整顿市场秩序reduce state's stake in listed companies 国有股减持restraint of trade 贸易管制Retained earning 留存利润Return of investment 投资回报Return on investment 投资报酬Revenue 收入Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险Risk of Leakage 渗漏险Risk of odor 串味险Risk of Rust 锈蚀险sales terms and conditions销售条件Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会shareholding system; joint-stock system 股份制shipping order 托运单Shortage Risk 短缺险Sole proprietorship 独资企业Solvency 清偿能力specification 规格Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设state stock reduction 国有股减持Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表steady monetary policies 稳健的货币政策Stockholders 股东Stockholders' equity 股东权益streghten the government's macro - regulatory functions 加强govern宏观调控作用Strikes Risk 罢工险T.P.N.D.( Theft,Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险Tax accounting 税务会计technology-intensive economy 技术密集型经济the Dow Jones industrial average 道琼斯工业平均指数the first majority shareholder 第一大股东the Hang Seng index 恒生指数thin trade 交易薄弱to become the majority shareholder/to take a controlling stake 控股to expand domestic demand 扩大内需value-added tax 增值税W.A./W.P.A(With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险War Risk 战争险Window dressing 门面粉饰year-on-year 与去年同期数字相比的bull market: 牛市，多头市场bear market :熊市，空头市场股息，红利 dividend or bonus stock国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP产值 output value鼓励 give incentive to投入 input宏观控制 exercise macro-control优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure输入活力 bring vigor into改善经济环境 improve economic environment整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation非公有成分 non-public sectors主要成分 dominant sector实在的 tangible全体会议 plenary session解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley举措 move实事求是 seek truth from facts引进、输入 importation和平演变 peaceful evolution试一下 have a go (at sth.)精华、精粹、实质 quintessence家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system搞活企业 invigorate enterprises商品经济 commodity economy基石 cornerstone零售 retail发电量 electric energy production有色金属 nonferrous metals人均收入 per capita income使负担 be saddled with营业发达的公司 going concerns被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business善于接受的 receptive增额、增值、增长 increment发展过快 excessive growth抽样调查 data from the sample survey扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)实际增长率 actual growth rate国际收支 international balance of payments流通制度 circulation system总工资 total wages分配形式 FORMs of distribution风险资金 risk funds管理不善 poor management一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义\*\*\*思想、坚持改革开放the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reFORM and opening.改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。

中国的对外贸易英文版

China's Foreign Trade (English Edition) China has emerged as a global economic powerhouse,largely due to its robust foreign trade activities. As the world's secondlargest economy, China plays a pivotal role in international trade, exporting a vast array of goods and importing resources and technology to fuel its growth.The Foundations of China's Trade SuccessMajor Export CategoriesMachinery: Ranging from construction equipment to industrial machinery, China's machinery exports are in high demand globally.Textiles and Apparel: Known for its quality and variety, China's textile and apparel industry is a significant contributor to the country's export revenue.ImportDependenciesWhile China is a major exporter, it also relies heavilyon imports, particularly for raw materials and advanced technology. The country's top import categories include: Oil and Minerals: To meet the energy needs of itsgrowing economy, China imports significant amounts of oil, coal, and various minerals.Agricultural Products: China imports a variety of agricultural goods, including soybeans, grains, and meat, to supplement its domestic production.Trade PartnersChina has a wide range of trade partners, with itslargest being the United States, European Union, and ASEAN countries. Despite occasional trade tensions, these relationships are crucial for China's economic health. The country's participation in regional trade agreements, such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), further solidifies its trade network.Challenges and OpportunitiesChina's foreign trade faces several challenges, including trade disputes, currency fluctuations, and the need to upgrade its manufacturing base to highervalue industries. However, there are also significant opportunities. The push for digital transformation, the development of green energy technologies, and the expansion of services trade present new avenues for growth.(To be continued)China's Foreign Trade (English Edition) ContinuationTrade Policies and InitiativesChina has implemented various policies and initiatives to promote its foreign trade. The "Belt and Road Initiative"aims to enhance regional connectivity and trade investing in infrastructure projects across Asia, Africa, and Europe. Additionally, China has been streamlining customs procedures and reducing tariffs to facilitate trade.Sustainable Trade PracticesRecognizing the importance of environmental sustainability, China is gradually integrating green trade practices. This includes promoting the export of environmentally friendly products and technologies, as well as adopting stricter standards for imports that could harm the environment.The Role of Free Trade ZonesFree Trade Zones (FTZs) in China are designed to attract foreign investment and promote international trade. These zones offer tax incentives, relaxed customs regulations, and a more businessfriendly environment. FTZs are also testing grounds for new trade policies and reforms.Cultural and Service ExportsBeyond physical goods, China is also expanding its exports of services and cultural products. The country's film industry, for example, is gaining global recognition, with Chinese movies and series finding audiences worldwide. Additionally, China's tourism sector is a significantcontributor to service exports, as the country attracts millions of international visitors annually.Navigating Trade DisputesTrade disputes, particularly with major trading partners like the United States, have posed challenges for China's foreign trade. The country has been working to resolve these disputes through negotiations and diversifying its trade relationships to reduce dependency on any single market.The Future of China's Foreign Trade(To be continued)China's Foreign Trade (English Edition) ContinuationThe Shift Towards Services and Intellectual PropertyTrade Balance and Currency DynamicsThe Role of Multinational CorporationsPromoting Made in China 2025Responding to Global Trade ChallengesThe global trade landscape is fraught with challenges, including protectionism and trade barriers. China has been proactive in responding to these challenges engaging in bilateral and multilateral negotiations, seeking to lower trade barriers and promote a more open international trading system.The Impact of Trade on SocietyTrade has a profound impact on society, affecting jobs, living standards, and cultural exchange. In China, the growth of foreign trade has led to the creation of millions of jobs and has been a driving force behind the country's economic growth. However, it has also brought about the need for continuous skills development among the workforce to adapt to changing market demands.Conclusion。

中国的对外贸易外文翻译及原文

外文翻译原文Foreign T rade o f ChinaMaterial Source:W anfang Database Author:Hitomi Iizaka1.IntroductionOn December11,2001,China officially joined the World T rade Organization(WTO)and be c a me its143rd member.China’s presence in the worl d economy will continue to grow and deepen.The foreign trade sector plays an important andmultifaceted role in China’s economic development.At the same time, China’s expanded role in the world economy is beneficial t o all its trading partners. Regions that trade with China benefit from cheaper and mor e varieties of imported consumer goods,raw materials and intermediate products.China is also a large and growing export market.While the entry of any major trading nation in the global trading system can create a process of adjustment,the o u t c o me is fundamentally a win-win situation.In this p aper we would like t o provide a survey of the various institutions,laws and characteristics of China’s trade.Among some of the findings, we can highlight thefollowing:•In2001,total trade to gross domestic pr oduct(GDP)ratio in China is44%•In2001,47%of Chinese trade is processed trade1•In2001,51%of Chinese trade is conduct ed by foreign firms in China2•In2001,36%of Chinese exports originate from Gu an gdon g province•In2001,39%of China’s exports go through Hong Kong to be re-exported elsewhere2.Evolution of China’s Trade RegimeEqually remarkable are the changes in the commodity composition of China’s exports and imports.Table2a shows China’s annu al export volumes of primary goods and manufactured goods over time.In1980,primary goods accounted for 50.3%of China’s exports and manufactured goods accounted for49.7%.Although the share of primary good declines slightly during the first half of1980’s,it remains at50.6%in1985.Since then,exports of manufactured goods have grown at a muchfaster rate than exports of primary goods.As a result,the share of manufactur ed goods increased t o90.1%,and that of primary good decr eased to9.9%by2001.Also shown in those tables are five subgr oups for manufactur ed goods and primary goods.China’s export was highly dependent on its exports of coal, petroleum,and petr oleum products until mid-80s.The large export volume of petr oleum was also support ed by a sharp rise in oil prices during the period.In1985, the share of mineral fuels is26.1%.In1986,the su d d en decline in the share of primary goods in total exports occurs,which is largely associated with the decline in the export volume of mineral fuels.The price reforms coupled with the declined world petr oleum price areattributable t o the decline.Domestic agriculture production expanded during the1980’s in response to the higher prices thr ough the price reforms and mo r e opportunities given t o the producers to market their products.Although the share of food and live animals in total exports has declined over time,China has become a net exporter of such products since1984.T urning to the manufactur ed goods,the large increase in the share of the manufactur ed goods in the total exports since mid-80s is largely accounted for by the increase in the export in the textile category and the miscellaneous products category.These two gr oups include labor-intensive products such as textiles,apparel, footwear,and toys and sporting goods.During the1990s,the category that exhibited the mos t significant surge in exports is machinery and transport equipment.Its share exp anded from9.0%in1990t o35.7%in2001.3.China’s Processing Trade and Trade by For eign Invested FirmsChina established the legal framework for processing and assembly arrangements in1979.Since then,China has built up considerable strengths in assembling and processing of industrial parts and components.It covers a wide range of industries such as electric machinery,automobile,aerospace,and shipbuilding.T able3a and T able3b demonstrate the amount of processing exports and imports and the importance of stateowned enterprises(SOEs)and foreign-invested enterprises(FIEs)in such forms of trade for1995-2001. Throughout the period from1995to2001,the shares of these two types of processing exports exceed more than half of China’s total exports.In2001，processing exports account for55.4%of the total exports.As is seen in T able3a, process&assembling was dominat ed by SOEs in1995.However,the tr end has been changing.The share of SOEs in process&assembling has been steadilydeclining over the years from84%in1995to62%in2001.The other type of trade, process with imported materials was largely conducted by FIEs and their shares have been gradually increasing from81%in1995to88%in2001.In China’s imports(see T able3b),processing trade is relatively small comp a r ed to exports. After it peak ed at49%in1997,processed imports decline to39%in2001.The decreasing importance of SOEs can be seen in China’s imports as well.Shares by SOEs decr eased from81%in1995t o58%in2001for process&assembling,and from18%to7%for process with imported materials.The decr eased role for SOEs in processing trade may reflect the inefficiency in conducting their business.Since 1997,the Chinese government decided t o implement the shareholding system and t o sell a large numbe r of medium-and small-sized SOEs to the private sector.A n u mbe r of larger enterprise gr oups will be established in various industries thr ough mergers,acquisitions,and leasing and contracting.The restructuring of SOEs is intended to increase profits and to improve their competitive edge.4.China’s Tr ade by Provinces and RegionsA regional breakdown of exports and imports reveals important characteristics of the foreign trade in China.In1997,89.1%of the total exports came from the Eastern region of China(Beijing,Tianjin,Heibei,Lioaning,Guangxi,Shanghai, Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Fujian,Shangdong,Guandong and Hainan).Within the East,the Southeast region accounts for76.3%of China's exports in1997.4Gu ang dong alone pr oduces41.6%of the total exports for the sa me year.Such regional imbalances in exporting activities persist to the present day.In2001,Guandong's share of the national exports is36.0%.For the Southeast and the East,the shares are respectively 79.0%and91.1%.This imbalance of the regional growth in foreign trade may partially be attributed t o the various geographic-specific and sequential o pen-d oo r policies China has exercised thr oughout the last twenty years.The strong growth of th e export sector in the coastal area has been support ed by the massive use of foreign direct investment(FDI).FDI was first attracted by the creation of the Special Economic Zones(SEZ).FDI was concentrated in the provinces of the Southeast coast,namely,Guandong and Fujian.The multinational enterprises that are export-oriented or use adv anced technologies are able to enjoy various preferential policies in the SEZs,such as r educed or ex empt e d corporate income tax,exemption from import tariffs on imported equipment and raw materials.In1984,fourteen coastal cities were opened and were grant ed similar policies as SEZs.Out of thosefourteen cities,ten are located in the Southeast coast regions and four are in the rest of the Eastern regions.Furthermore in1985,similar preferential policies were grant ed t o other coastal economic regions,Pearl River Delta,Y angtze River Delta and Minnan Delta which is t o the south of Fujian.In1990,Pu d o n g in Shanghai was opened and was grant ed extensive preferential policies.Since1984,the Chinese government established thirty-two national-level Economic and T echnological Development Zones(ETDZs).The share of exports in The Y angtze River Delta,the home of Shanghai and two provinces,Jiangsu and Zhejiang has grown steadily during the period1997to 2001.The share of those three regions grew to10.1%,11.0%,and9.1%in2001 from8.1%,7.9%and5.9%in1997,respectively.As the role of high-tech industry beco mes mo r e significant in China’s output and China’s comparative advantage in skilled-labor and capital-intensive industries beco mes higher,the Y angtze River Delta be co mes a new magnet for investment by foreign enterprises.These foreign investments in turn lead to mo r e export and trade.5.Foreign T rade by Major World RegionsUsing China’s official statistics,Table4a and4b highlight merchandise export s and imports t o and from major world regions for1993-2001:Asia,Africa,Europe, Latin America,North America and Oceania.As we see from Table4a,China’s most important export region has always been Asia,which absorbs53%of China’s exports in2001.However,their share of absorption declines from almost62%,their peak level of1995.The importance of North America and Europe in China’s exports, however,has been increasing since1998.In2001,North America takes in mo r e than22%of exports and Europe takes in mo r e than18%.6.China’s Merchandise Exports and Imports by Major Trading PartnersTable5a and Table5b document China’s merchandise exports to and imports from its major trading partners,using China’s official statistics.According to Tabl e 5a,the major exports markets for China in2001are:the United States(20.4%), Hong Kong(17.5%),Japan(16.9%)and the European Union(15.4%).It is well-known that a large proportion of Chinese exports to Hong Kong are re-exported elsewhere so that the true size of the Hong Kong export market has t o be estimated. T o save space for this paper,we will just rely on the official Chinese figures.6Even without adjusting for re-exports,the United States in2001is the largest export market for China.Thus,from an international trade perspective alone,the most important bilateral trade relationship for China is the relationship with the UnitedStates.T ogether t he United States,Hong Kong,Japan and the European Union take in70.2%of China’s exports in2001.Within ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations),Singapore has been the largest export market for China.In2001, 31.5%of China’s total exports to ASEAN is destined for Singapore.Within the European Union(EU),Germany is the largest market with23.8%of the total Chinese exports going to the EU.9.ConclusionIn the future,we see that there are at least two challenges facing China in the area of international trade.First,with China’s competitiveness growing,many countries will perceive that their producers will no t be able to c o mpe t e with the Chinese exports,either in the third market or in their own domestic market.The backlash will take the form of an increased use of anti-dumping duties and safeguards.W e have already seen the use of such trade instruments against China from a variety of countries,including Japan,the European Union and the United States.A relatively new development is that even developing countries such as India and Mexico are using anti-dumping measur es against Chinese exports to their countries.The difficulty with anti-dumping duties is that they are generally WT O-consistent.Thus joining the WTO d o es no t mean that other countries will reduce their use of anti-dumping duties against China.A second challenge facing China is how t o manage its trade relationship with the United States.The United States is the largest economy on earth.The United States is China’s largest export market.It is also a critical source of technology.A stable and healthy relationship with the United States is important for China’s economic development.It is always a difficult adjustment process for countries to accept a newly e mer gen t economic power.The United States as well as other countries may perceive China as a potential economic threat.Judging from the experience of the relationship betw een the United States and a rising Japan in the 1970s and the1980s,it will n o t be too har d to imagine that there will be difficulties in the trade relationship betw een the United States and China.Managing and smoothing such a relationship should be an important goal for China.译文中国的对外贸易资料来源:万方数据库作者：Hitomi Iizaka1、简介2001年12月11日，中国正式加入世界贸易组织（WTO），成为其第143个成员，中国在世界经济中的作用将继续增强和深化。

笔译常用词汇(外贸金融)汉译英

笔译常用词汇（外贸金融）汉译英保险箱服务safe deposit box services补偿贸易compensation trade长期低息贷款long-term, low-interest loan炒股speculate in the stock market惩罚性关税punitive tariffs出口贸易export trade出口信贷export credit出口总值total export value初级产品生产国primary producing country从事贸易engage in trade存款准备金率deposit-reserve ratio定期存款time deposit对销贸易counter trade多边贸易multilateral trade恶性通货膨胀galloping inflation反洗钱制度anti-money laundering system防范金融风险guard against financial risks分税制revenue-sharing system付款条件payment terms股东持股比例equity of stock holdings股市投资stock market investment挂牌汇率nominal rate国际金融危机the world financial crisis国库券还本付息amortize state treasury bond合格境内机构投资者qualified domestic institutional investor (QDII)合格境外机构投资者qualified foreign institutional investor (QFII)合资企业joint venture互惠贸易协定reciprocal trade agreement黄金储备gold reserve汇率风险exchange risks汇率浮动与风险管理fluctuations in exchange rates and risk management 活期存款demand deposit积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy加快金融改革speed up the financial reform建立正常贸易关系establish normal trade relations借贷资本loan capital金融寡头financial magnates金融机构financial institutions金融监管financial oversight and management金融债券financial bonds紧缩银根tight money supply经济互补性economic complementarity经济全球化economic globalization经济腾飞economic takeoff经济总量economic aggregate居民消费价格指数consumer price index (CPI)居于世界前列rank among the world’s leading countries 可行性研究feasibility study控股股东controlling shareholder劳动密集型产品labor-intensive products贸易报复措施trade retaliation measures贸易壁垒trade barrier贸易互惠reciprocity in trade贸易摩擦trade friction贸易条件terms of trade贸易制裁trade sanction牛市bull market商务部Ministry of Commerce涉外经济foreign-related business生产价格指数production price index (PPI)双边会谈bilateral negotiations铁饭碗iron rice bowl; a secure job外汇储备foreign currency reserves外汇牌价foreign exchange quotation外贸工作者foreign trade personnel外贸逆差a foreign trade deficit外贸自营权power to engage in foreign trade外商独资银行wholly foreign-funded bank外向型企业export-oriented enterprise外交保险公司foreign-funded insurance company外资企业overseas-funded enterprise完全市场经济地位full market economy status稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy信用评级credit rating熊市bear market验资证明capital verification certificate一次性付款lump-sum payment议付单据negotiating documents易货贸易barter trade赢得市场gain a large share of the market佣金率rate of commission增值税退税value-added tax rebates债券市场bond market债券收益bond yield政府债券government bonds中长期贷款medium and long credit中国保险监督管理委员会China Insurance Regulatory Commission中国银行业监督管理委员会China Banking Regulatory Commission中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission主板市场main board of the stock market主权财富基金sovereign wealth fund注册资金registered capital专控商品commodity under special government control转口贸易entrepot trade资本密集或知识密集型产品capital-or knowledge-intensive products资本外逃flight of capital资产保值增值maintain and increase the value of assets资产重组assets reorganization自动提款机automated teller machine (ATM)自由贸易区free trade zone/area“走出去”、“引进来”战略strategy of “going global” and “bringing in”最大债权国biggest creditors。

国贸术语英汉对译

一、贸易术语与国际贸易惯例《1932年华沙——牛津规则》（Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932）《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》（Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941）《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》（INCOTERMS 2000)EXW（Ex Works)FCA (Free Carrier)FAS (Free Alongside Ship)FOB (Free on Board)CFR (Cost and Freight)CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)CPT (Carriage Paid To)CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To)DAF (Delivered At Frontier)DES (Delivered Ex Ship)DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay)DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)象征性交货Symbolic Delivery实际交货Physical DeliveryFOB Liner Terms FOB班轮条件FOB Under Tackle FOB吊钩下交货FOB Stowed FOB 理舱费在内FOB Trimmed FOB 平舱费在内CFR Liner Terms CFR 班轮条件CFR Landed CFR 卸至码头CFR Ex Tackle CFR吊钩下交接CFR Ex Ship'S Hold CFR 舱底交接Shipping contract 装运合同Arrival contract 到达合同二、合同的主体和标的Sale by Sample 凭样品买卖Seller’s sampleBuyer’s sampleCounter Sample 对等样品For Reference Only 仅供参考Fair Average Quality (FAQ) 良好平均品质Selected 精选货Name of Origin 产地名称The Metric System 公制The British System 美制The International System of Units （SI）国际单位制Gross Weight 毛重Net Weight 净重Gross for Net 以毛作净In Bulk 散装Nude Pack 裸装Shipping mark 运输标志Indicative mark 指示性标志Warning mark 警示性标志三、国际货物运输Liner Transport 班轮运输Shipping by Chartering 租船运输Sailing Schedule 船期表Liner's Freight Tariff 班轮运价表V oyage Charter 定程租船Time Charter 定期租船Free Out (FO) 负担装货费而不管卸货费Free In (FI) 只负担卸货费而不管装货费Free In and Out (FIO) 不负担装卸费Time of Shipment 装运期Time of Delivery 交货期immediate shipment 立即装运prompt shipment 即期装运shipment as soon as possible 尽快装运Transhipment 转运Demurrage 滞期费Despatch Money 速遣费to load/discharge in customary quick dispatch (CQD) 按港口习惯速度尽快装卸Terminal Handling Charge (THC) 码头作业费Overland Common Points (OCP) “内陆地区”Ocean Bill of Lading （B/L）海运提单on Board B/L，Shipped B/L 已装船提单Received for Shipment B/L 备用提单Clean B/L 清洁提单Unclean B/L, Foul B/L 不清洁提单Straight B/L 记名提名Bearer B/L 不记名提单Order B/L 指示提单Direct B/L 直达提单Transshipment B/L 转船提单Through B/L 联运提单Liner B/L 班轮提单Charter Party B/L 租船提单Container B/L 集装箱提单Combined Transport B/L (CTB/L) 集装箱联运提单Multimodal Transport Document (MTD) 多式联运单据on Deck B/L 舱面提单Stale B/L 过期提单Stale B/L is acceptable 过期可接受提单Sea Waybill 海运单Non-negotiable Sea Waybill 可转让海运单Cargo Receipt 承运货物收据Air Waybill 航空运单Master Air Waybill 主运单House Air Waybill 分运单Parcel Post Receipt 邮件收据Certificate of Posting 邮寄证明Courier Receipt 专递收据四、国际货物运输保险Total Loss 全部损失Partial Loss 部分损失Actual Total Loss 实际全损Constructive Total Loss 推定全损Particular Average, PA 单独海损General Averages, GA 共同海损China Insurance Clauses, CIC 中国保险条款Free from Particular Average, FPA 平安险With Average or With Particular Average, W A or WPA 水渍险All Risks 一切险Warehouse to Warehouse Clause 仓至仓Institute Cargo Clauses, ICC 协会货物保险条款Institute Cargo Clauses（A/B/C）, ICC(A/B/C) 协会货物条款(A/B/C) Institute War Clauses—Cargo 协会战争险条款（货物）Institute Strikes Clauses—Cargo 协会罢工险条款（货物）Malicious Damage Clauses 恶意损害险条款Overland Transportation Risks 陆运险Overland Transportation All Risks 陆运一切险Overland Transportation Insurance (Frozen Products) 陆上运输冷藏货物险Overland Transportation Cargo War Risks 陆上运输货物战争险Air Transportation Risks 航空运输险Air Transportation All Risks 航空运输一切险Parcel Post Risks 邮包险Parcel Post All Risks 邮包一切险Parcel Post War Risks 邮包战争险五、进口商品的价格Price Adjustment (Revision) Clause 价格调整条款Initial Price 初步价格Money of Account 计价货币Money of Payment 支付货币Commission 佣金Discount Allowance 折扣Net Price 净价Quantity Discount 数量折扣Special Discount 特别折扣Turnover Bonus 年中回扣六、国际货款的收付Bill of Exchange, Draft 汇票Promissory Note 本票Cheque, Check 支票Banker's Bill 银行汇票Commercial Draft 商业汇票Clean Bill 光票Documentary Bill 跟单汇票Sight Draft, Demand Draft 即期汇票Time Bill, Usance Bill 远期汇票Dishonour by Non-acceptance 拒绝承兑Dishonour by Non-payment 拒绝付款Notary Public 法定公证人Without Recourse 不受追索Remittance 汇付Collection 托收Mail Transfer (M/T) 信汇Telegraphic Transfer (T/T) 电汇Remittance by Banker's Demand draft (D/D) 票汇M/T Advice 信汇委托书Payment Order 支付通知书Principal 委托人Remitting Bank 托收银行Collecting Bank 代收银行Presenting Bank 提示银行Documents against Payment (D/P) 付款交单Documents against Payment at Sight，简称D/P at sight 即期付款交单Documents against Payment after Sight, 简称D/P after Sight 远期付款交单Trust Receipt 信托收据Documents against Acceptance, 简称D/A 承兑交单Applicant 开证申请人Opening bank; issuing bank 开证行Beneficiary 受益人Advising bank 通知行Negotiation 议付行Confirming bank 保兑行Reimbursement bank 偿付行Transferee 受让人Irrevocable credit 不克撤销信用证Payment credit 付款信用证Sight payment credit 即期付款信用证Deferred payment credit 延期付款信用证Acceptance credit 承兑信用证Confirmed letter of credit 保兑信用证Unconfirmed letter of credit 非保兑信用证Negotiation credit 议付信用证Transferable credit 可转让信用证Revolving credit 循环信用证Anticipatory credit 预支信用证Back to back credit 背对背信用证Reciprocal credit 对开信用证Letter of guarantee，L/G 银行开具保函Standby letter credit 备用信用证Conditional，L/G 有条件保函Demand guarantee 见索即付保函Uniform rules for demand guarantee ，URDG 《见索即付保函统一规则》International standby practice, ISP 98 《国际备用证惯例》Shipping weight and landed quality 离岸重量、到岸品质Offer 发盘Acceptance 接受Bid 递盘Specific person 特定的人Sufficiently definite 十分确定Withdraw 撤回Revocation 撤销Late acceptance 逾期接受Consideration 对价Cause 约因Contract 合同Confirmation 确认书Agreement 协议书Sales contract 销售合同Purchase contract 购买合同Sales confirmation 售货确认书Purchase confirmation 购买确认书Booking note，B/N 托运单Shipping order，S/O 装货单Mate’s receipt 收货单Invoice 发票commercial invoice 商业发票customs invoice 海关发票consular invoice 领事发票manufacturer’s invoice 厂商发票original B/L 正本提单copy B/L 副本提单packing list 装箱单weight memo 重量单claim 索赔distribution 经销distributor 经销商sole distribution 独家经销exclusive 报销principal to principal 货主对货主agency 代理agent 代理人broker 保险经理人general agent 总代理agent 一般代理Commission agent 佣金代理Sole agent or exclusive agent 独家代理Consignment 寄售Consignor 寄售人Consignee 代销人Fairs and sales 展卖Invitation to tender 招标Submission of tender 投标Auction 拍卖Dutch auction 荷兰式拍卖Sealed bids 密封递加拍卖Counter trade 对销贸易Barter 易货Counter purchase 互购Buyback 回购Switch trade 转手贸易Offset 抵消Pure barter 纯粹易货Simple barter 简单易货Triangular trade 三角贸易。

对外贸易词汇

对外贸易常用词汇(中、英文对照)1. 商业科Aabove par 高于票面值absolute advantage 绝对优势acceptance （l）承兑；承兑票据，（2）承诺acceptance of bill of exchange 汇票承兑；票据承兑acceptor 承兑人accident insurance 意外保险account （1）帐；账户，（2）科目，（3）客帐account payable 应付帐款account payee only 只限存入抬头人账户；只可转帐account receivable 应收帐款accountant 会计人员；会计主任；会计师accumulated dividend 累积股息acid-test ratio 酸性测验比率active partner 参与管理合伙人；活跃合伙人ad hoc committee 临时委员会；专责委员会administration 行政advertising 广告advertising agency 广告公司；广告代理商advertising appeal 广告诉求advertising media 广告媒介advice note 交货通知书agent 代理人aids to trade 贸易辅助服务air freight 航空货运费air transport 航空运输air waybill 空运提货单；空运提单All Ordinaries Index 所有普通股指数allocate 分配allotment 分配数allowance （l）折让，（2）津贴amalgamation 合并American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong, The 香港美国商会annual general meeting 周年大会；年会annual report 年报ante-dated cheque 倒填日期的支票arbitrator 仲裁人Articles of Association 组织章程Asian Development Bank (ADB) 亚洲发展银行asset 资产association 社团at par 按票面值auction 拍卖authorized capital 注册股本；法定股本auto-pay 自动转帐支付automatic credit transfer 自动转帐收款automatic teller machine 自动柜员机average clause 受保范围；损失条款avoidable risk 可避免之风险Bbad debt 呆帐；坏帐balance of payments 国际收支差额balance of trade 国际贸易差额balance sheet 资产负债表bank credit 银行信用bank draft 银行汇票bank interest rate 银行利率bank note 钞票bank overdraft 银行透支bank services 银行服务Banking Ordinance 银行业条例bankruptcy 破产barter 以货易货；物物交换bear 看淡股市者；淡友bear market 熊市；淡市bearer bond 息票债券；不记名债券bearer cheque 来人支票；不记名支票bearer share 无记名股票below par 低于票面值best lending rate 最优惠贷款利率；最优惠利率bilateral arrangement 双边协议bill of exchange 汇票bill of lading 提货单bill payable 应付票据bill receivable 应收票据blue chips 蓝筹股board of directors 董事会；董事局bond 债券bonded warehouse 公税仓bonus 红利；花红bonus issue 发行红股bonus share 红股；股票股息book value 账面值；账面成本brand 牌子；品牌brand image 牌子形象；品牌形象brand loyalty 对牌子忠诚brand name 商标；品牌名称；牌子名称broker 经纪brokerage firm 经纪行budget 预算bulk-breaking 分件bulk-buying 大量购买bull 看好股市者；好友bull market 牛市；旺市burglary insurance 盗窃保险business enterprise 企业机构business entity 企业个体business organization 企业组织business registration certificate 商业登记证business reply service 商业回邮服务Ccall option 买入期权callable bond 可赎回债券called-up capital 已催缴股本capital 资金；资本capital employed 动用资金capital expenditure 资本支出capital gearing 资金借贷比率capital goods 资本物品capital intensive 资本密集capital market 资本市场capital reserve 资本公积金；资金储备capitalization （1）资本化；利益资本化；（2）资本总额cargo insurance 货物保险；货运险carriage forward 运费到付；货价不包括运费carriage paid 运费已付；货价包括运费carrier （1）运货工具，（2）承运商cash discount 现金折扣cash dispenser 现金提款机cash flow 现金流转；现金流量cash on delivery (COD) 交货付现cash sale 现销cash with order 订货付现cashier order 银行本票caveat emptor 购者自慎certificate of incorporation 公司注册证certificate of origin 产地来源证；来源证certificate of posting 投寄邮件证明书chain store 连锁商店channel of distribution 分销途径；分销渠道cheque clearance 支票交换Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, The 香港中华总商会Chinese Gold & Silver Exchange Society, The 金银业贸易场Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong, The 香港中华厂商联合会circulating asset 流动资产circulating capital 营运资金；周转资金；流动资本classified advertising 分类广告clearing house 票据交换所co-operative society 合作社co-partner 合伙人code of practice 操作守则coinsurance 共负保险collateral 抵押品collect call 接听人付费长途电话commercial paper 商业票据commission （1）佣金，（2）手续费commodities futures market 商品期货市场commodity 商品commodity exchange 商品交易所；期货交易所common carrier （1）运输业，（2）承运商common stock 普通股communication networks 通讯网Companies Ordinance 公司条例Companies Registry 公司注册处comparative advantage 比较优势compensating balance 补偿性最低存款额competitive advertising 竞争性广告confirmed letter of credit 保兑信用证；保兑信用状consequential loss 灾后损失；后果性损失；间接性损失consignment 寄销consignment note 托运通知书consular invoice 领事签证单；领事发票consumer behaviour 消费者行为Consumer Council 消费者委员会Consumer Council Ordinance 消费者委员会条例consumer goods 消费品consumer loyalty 消费者忠诚consumer market 消费者市场consumer survey 消费者调查container 货柜；货箱containerization 货柜运输；货柜化contract 合约；契约；合同contributed capital 缴入资本convenience goods 便利品convenience store 便利店；便利店铺convertible bond 可调换公司债券；可换债券convertible preference share 可转换优先股copyright 版权corporation 公司cost and freight (C & F) 成本包括运费cost of goods sold 销货成本cost, insurance and freight (CIF) 货价、保险及运费；到岸价格courier service 速递服务covered warrant 备兑认股权证；回购认股证credit （l）贷方，（2）贷项，（3）贷记，（4）贷入，（5）赊帐，（6）信用credit card 信用卡credit insurance 信用保险；信贷保险credit note 贷项通知单；入帐通知书credit period 赊帐期间credit policy 信用政策；信贷政策credit sale 赊售；赊销credit transfer 贷项转帐credit union 储蓄互助社credit worthiness 信贷可靠性creditor 债权人crossed cheque 划线支票cum dividend 带息cumulative dividend 累积股息cumulative preference share 累积优先股current account （1）往来存款账户；活期存款账户，（2）往来帐current asset 流动资产current liability 流动负债current ratio 流动比率customs 海关customs duty 关税Ddata processing 数据处理data transmission 数据传输debenture 债券debit （l）借方，（2）借项，（3）借记，（2）借入debit note 借项通知单；支帐通知书debt capital 债务资本；借入资本debt finance 外借资金debt financing 举债；债务筹措；举债融资debtor 债务人；债户deed 契据；契约default 违约；拖欠deferred asset 递延资产deficit 亏绌；赤字；亏损del credere agent 包销商；保付货价代理人delivery note 付货通知书；交运通知送货单demand deposit 活期存款department store 百货公司deposit 存款deposit-taking company 接受存款公司depositor 存户depreciation (1)折旧，(2)损耗Design Council of Hong Kong 香港设计委员会devaluation 贬值direct debit （1）直接支帐付款，（2）直接借记direct distribution 直接分销；直接分配direct marketing 直接行销direct shipment 直接装运disability insurance 伤残保险discount （1）折扣，（2）贴现discount allowed 销货折扣discount house 票据贴现所discount received 购货折扣discounting bill of exchange 票据贴现dishonour 拒付dishonoured cheque 退票；不兑现支票；拒付支票dissolution 解散；解体distribution channel 分销途径distributor 经销商；分销商diversification 多元化；多样化；业务分散dividend 股息dividend yield 股息率division of labour 分工document against acceptance 承兑交单document against payment 付款交单document of title （1）业权；所有权，（2）业权文件documentary bill 跟单汇票documentary credit 押汇documentary letter of credit 跟单信用证；跟单信用状domestic trade 本土贸易；国内贸易dormant partner 不参与管理合伙人；隐名合伙人down-payment 首期付款draft 汇票drawee 受票人drawer 发票人dumping 倾销durable goods 耐用物品duty 税duty drawback 退税Eearnings per share 每股盈利electronic banking 电子银行服务electronic data processing (EDP) 电子数据处理electronic payment system 电子付款服务embargo 禁运employees' compensation insurance 雇员赔偿保险employer's liability insurance 雇主责任保险endorsement （1）背书，（2）批注endowment insurance 储蓄保险enterprise 企业entity 单位；个体entrepot 转口港；转口埠entrepreneur 企业家equity 产权；主权；权益equity capital 主权资本；权益资本；股本equity finance 主权资金equity financing 资本筹措；权益筹资errors and omissions excepted (E & OE) 如有错漏不在此限European Economic Community (EEC) 欧洲经济共同体ex-dividend 除息ex-godown 仓库交货价；出仓价ex-right 除权ex-warehouse 仓库交货价；出仓价ex-works 出厂价；工厂交货价exchange （l）兑换，（2）交换exchange control 外汇管制exchange fund 外汇基金exclusive distribution 独家经销executor 遗嘱执行人export licence 出口许可证exporter 出口商exports 出口express delivery 专运express terms 明示条款extra dividend 额外股利Fface value 票面值factor 应收帐款收购商factoring 出售应收帐款；应收帐款让售factoring house 应收帐款收购商factors of production 生产因素；生产要素Federation of Hong Kong Industries 香港工业总会fictitious asset 虚设资产final dividend 末期股息；末期股利finance company 财务公司financial institution 财务机构；金融机构financial market 金融市场；财务市场financial statement 财务报表financial year 财政年度；会计年度finished goods 制成品fire insurance 火险firm 商号；商行；企业fixed asset 固定资产fixed capital 固定资本fixed deposit account 定期存款账户fixed liability 固定负债floating debenture 浮动抵押公司债券foreign corporation 外国公司foreign exchange 外汇foreign exchange control 外汇管制foreign exchange rate 汇率foreign trade 对外贸易；国际贸易forfeited share 没收股份founders' share 创办人股本；发起人股本franchise 营业特权；专利权franchisee 特许权使用人franchisor 特许权拥有人franking machine 邮戳机free alongside ship (FAS) 船边交货价free currency 自由货币free on board (FOB) 船上交货价；离岸价free port 自由港free trade 自由贸易freight 运费fringe benefit 额外利益；附带福利full liability 全部责任fund （1）基金，（2）资金futures contract 期货合约futures deals 期货交易futures market 期货市场futures price 期货价格Ggearing ratio 资本与负债的比率；资本借贷比率general average 共同海损general partner 普通合伙人general partnership 普通合伙gilt-edged security 金边证券goods 货品goodwill 商誉grading 等级gross loss 毛损gross margin 毛利gross profit 毛利gross weight 毛重HHang Seng Index 恒生指数hire purchase 租购；分期付款购买hire purchase agreement 租购合约holding company 股权公司；控股公司home trade 本土贸易；国内贸易Hong Kong Export Credit Insurance Corporation 香港出口信用保险局Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited 香港期货交易所有限公司Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, The 香港总商会Hong Kong Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry 香港日本人商工会议所Hong Kong Management Association, The 香港管理专业协会Hong Kong Productivity Council 香港生产力促进局Hong Kong Standards and Testing Centre Ltd., The 香港标准及检定中心Hong Kong Trade Development Council 香港贸易发展局horizontal integration 横面结合；平行合并hot money 热钱；游资hypermarket 特级市场II Owe You (IOU) 欠条；欠单；借据implied terms 默示条款import duty 入口税import licence 入口许可证importer 入口商imports 入口impulse buying 冲动性购买income statement 损益表；收益表indemnity 赔偿indent 国外订货单indenture 合约；契约index number 指数Indian Chamber of Commerce Hong Kong, The 香港印度商会indirect production 间接生产industrial diversification 工业多元化industrial goods 工业品Industry Department 工业署infant industry 萌芽工业；初生工业inflation 通货膨胀informative advertising 信息式广告infrastructure 基础设施；基本建设inland mail 本埠邮件Inland Revenue Department 税务局insider dealing 内幕交易insider trading 内幕交易insolvency 无力支付；无偿债能力instalment 每期付款额instalment loan 分期付款贷款insurable interest 可保利益insurable risks 可保风险insurance 保险insurance fund 保险基金insurance policy 保单insurance premium 保险费insured 受保人insurer 承保人intangible 无形intangible asset 无形资产integration 结合；合并intensive distribution 密集性分销；密集的推销方法；广泛性分销interest (1)利息，(2)权益；利益interim dividend 中期股息internal financing 内部融资international marketing 国际市场推销；国际市场营销International Monetary Fund (IMF) 国际货币基金组织international trade 对外贸易；国际贸易inventory (1)存货，(2)财产清单inventory control 存货控制；存货管理；存货管制inventory turnover 存货流转率invested capital 投入资本investment 投资investment company 投资公司invisible trade 无形贸易invoice 发票irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销信用证issued capital 已发行股本Jjobber 证券经销经纪，证券批销经纪；批家joint account 联合帐joint stock company 股份有限公司joint venture 联合短期投资；短期合营LLabour Department 劳工处labour intensive 劳力密集labour union 工会；职工会laissez faire 自由放任lease (1)租赁；租，(2)租约legal entity 法人；法定个体lessee 承租人；承批人lessor 出租人letter of credit 信用证；信用状letter of enquiry 询价函件levy 课税；征收；征课liability 负债licence 许可证；牌照licensed bank 持牌银行life assurance 人寿保险limited company 有限公司limited liability 有限债务责任；有限责任limited partner 有限合伙人limited partnership 有限合伙linked exchange rate 联系汇率liquid asset 速动资产liquid capital 流动资金liquidation （1）清盘；清算，（2）清理liquidity 流动性；变现性；变现能力liquidity ratio 流动资金比率listed company 上市公司listed security 上市证券loan 放款；贷款loan stock 债券localization of production 生产地方化；生产区域化long position 买空；好仓；好仓合约；买进的期货合同long-term capital 长期资本；长期资金long-term liability 长期负债long-term loan 长期贷款loss 损失；亏蚀loss leader 亏本出售商品；损失领导物，吸引商品Mmail order 邮购marine insurance 海上保险；水险mark down 标价降低数mark-up 加于成本之价格；加成market capitalization 市值；市价总值market diversification 市场多元化；市场分散market price 市价market research 市场调查；市场研究market share 市场占有率market value 市值marketing 市场学mass distribution 大规模运销mass media 大众传播媒介mass production 大量生产；大规模生产mate's receipt 大副收据maturity 到期Memorandum of Association 组织大纲merchandise 商品merchant bank 投资银行；商人银行merchant wholesaler 批发商merchantible quality 适合销售品质；可销售品质merger 兼并；合并；归并middleman 中间人mobile shop 流动商店Money Changers Ordinance 货币兑换商条例monopolist 垄断者；独占者mortgage 抵押；按揭mortgage bond 抵押债券mortgagee 受押者；贷款人mortgagor 抵押者；借款人most favoured nation (MFN) 最优惠国；最惠国Multi-Fibre Agreement (MFA) 多种纤维协定；多纤协定multi-national company 跨国公司multiple shop 连锁商店Nnationalization 国有化negotiable instrument 流通票据net asset 净资产net book value 账面净值net current asset 流动资产净值net income 净利益；净收益；净利；纯利net loss 净损失net profit 纯利net profit on sales 销货纯利net working capital 营运资金净额net worth 净值new issue market 新股发行市场no claim bonus 无索偿奖励no-par-value capital stock 无面值股票nominal capital 票面股本；额定股本；名义股本nominal partner 名义合伙人nominal value 名义价值；票面值non-cumulative preference share 非累积优先股non-durable goods 非耐用品non-insurable risks 不可保风险non-profit making organisation 非牟利机构non-voting share 无投票权股票not negotiable 不得转让noting charges 票据拒付手续费Ooffer for sale 出让；公开发售on consignment 寄销open cheque 不记名支票operating expense 营业费用operating income 营业收益operating profit 营业收益；营业利润option dealing 期权买卖order cheque 记名支票；抬头支票order form 订单ordinary share 普通股Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 经济合作与发展组织ostensible partner 挂名合伙人output 产量over-trading 过度扩张营运overdraft 透支owe 欠Ppaid-up capital 已缴股本；实收资本par 面值par value 票面值participating preference share 参与优先股particular average 单独海损partner 合伙人partnership 合伙；合伙组织patent 专利权payee 受款人；收款人payer 付款人payment 支出payroll 薪饷pedlar 沿门兜售小贩percentage profit 利润比率person-to-person call 指名接听长途电话personal property 动产personal selling 人员销售；个人销售persuasive advertising 诱导性广告physical distribution 实体配销pledging accounts receivable 应收帐款抵押policy (1)政策，(2)保险单；保单policy holder 保险客户；投保人pooling of risks 分担风险；风险汇合；风险汇聚portfolio 投资组合；证券组合post-dated cheque 期票；远期支票postal communication 邮递通讯potential customer 潜在主顾；潜在顾客preference share 优先股preference share premium 优先股利preferred stock 优先股premium （１）保险费，（２）溢价price fixing 定盘price-earning ratio 市价盈利率primary market 第一市场；初级市场；基本市场primary product 原产品；初级产品primary production 初级生产；第一级生产prime rate 优惠利率；最优惠利率principal （１）本金，（２）委托人；主事人principle of contribution 风险分担原则principle of indemnity 补偿原则；赔偿原则principle of subrogation 权利代位原则private limited company 私人有限公司private treaty 私人合约pro forma invoice 临时发票producer goods 资本物品；生产者物品producers' co-operative society 生产人合作社product diversification 产品多样化；产品多元化product image 产品形象；产品印象productivity 生产力profit and loss account 损益帐；损益表profit margin 利润率；利润幅度profitability 盈利能力；盈利水平profitability ratio 盈利能力比率promissory note 借据；期票promotion （1）晋升；升职，（2）推广；促进，（3）拓销；推销；促销prompt cash 当场付款；实时付款；日内付款property 财产proposal form （l）保险申请表，（2）动议表格proprietor 资本主proprietorship （1）业权；资本主权益；东主权益；（2）独资企业prospectus 招股章程protectionism 保护主义protectionist measure 贸易保护措施protectionist policy 保护主义政策proximate cause 近因public corporation 公营公司public enterprise 公营企业Public Health and Municipal Service Ordinance 公共卫生及市政条例public limited company 公众有限公司purchases contract 购货契约purchases 购货put option 卖出期权Qquality control 品质控制quantity discount 数量折扣；大批量折扣quick asset 速动资产quick ratio 速动比率quiet possession 不受干扰享用权quota 配额quotation 报价单Rrail transport 铁路运输rate of return 报酬率；收益率；盈利率；回报率rate of stockturn 存货周转率rate of turnover 周转率re-export 转口；转口货receipt （1）收据，（2）收入recorded delivery 记录派递red chips 红筹股redeemable preference share 可赎回优先股redemption 偿还；赎回refund 退款；退现registered capital 注册股本；法定股本Registrar of Companies 公司注册官registration of companies 公司注册reinsurance 再保险；分保remittance 汇款remittance advice note 汇款通知书rendu 卖方负责运费之报价repossession 收回已出售之货品requisition 请求单reserve 公积金；储备resource 资源restricted licence bank 有限制持牌银行retail banking 零售性银行业务retail cooperative society 零售合作社retail price 零售价retail trade 零售业；零售贸易retailer 零售商retained earnings 滚存盈余；保留盈余；营业盈余return on investment 投资报酬率；投资回报率revenue reserve 收益储备；保留盈余revocable letter of credit 可撤销信用证rights issue 股权发行；供股risk pooling 分担风险；风险汇合；风险汇聚risk transfer 风险转移road transport 道路运输royalty （1）特权，（2）使用税；版税；专利税Ssafe deposit box 保管箱salary 薪金Sale of Goods Ordinance 售卖货品条例sales 销货sales promotion 促销；销售推广；销售促进savings account 储蓄存款账户；储蓄账户scrip dividend 期票股利；股利票sea transport 水上运输secondary market 第二市场；次级市场secondary production 次级生产；第二级生产secret partner 秘密合伙人；隐名合伙人secured debenture 有抵押债券secured loan 担保贷款；抵押放款security 证券self-service 自助self-sufficient 自给自足selling short 卖空；抛空share （1）股份，（2）股票share bonus 红股share capital 股本share premium 股本溢价share subscription 认购股本shareholder 股东shipping note 装运通知单；装运通知书shop-lifting 高买；店内盗窃shopping goods 选购品；选购货品；挑剔品short position 卖空；淡仓；淡仓合约；卖出的期货合同short selling 卖空；抛空short-term capital 短期资本；短期资金short-term liability 短期负债short-term loan 短期贷款sight draft 即期票据silent partner 静默合伙人sleeping partner 不参与管理合伙人；隐名合伙人Small Claims Tribunal 小额钱债审裁处Small Claims Tribunal Ordinance 小额钱债审裁处条例sole agent 总代理sole proprietor (1)全东；东主，(2)独资经营；独资企业sole proprietorship 独资经营sole trader 全东；东主；独资经营solvency 偿债能力specialization （1）专业化，（2）专门知识specialty goods 特殊品；特殊货品specialty store 特殊店；特殊店铺speculation 投机speculator 投机者spot cash 付现spot deals 实时交易；实时买卖spot delivery 实时交收spot price 现货价格stag 投机新股者stale cheque 过期支票stamp duty 印花税standing order 定期支付指示statement of account （l）会计帐目，（2）结单station-to-station call 对站长途电话；非指名接听长途电话status inquiry agency 状况咨询机构statutory body 法定机构stock （1）存货，（2)证券，（3）股票stock broker 证券经纪；股票经纪stock control 存货控制；存货管理；存货管制stock exchange 证券交易所Stock Exchange Compensation Fund 证券交易所赔偿基金Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited 香港联合交易所stock jobber 证券批销经纪stock market 证券市场stock option 认股特权；认股权stock split 拆股；股份分裂stock taking 盘点存货；盘存stock turnover 存货周转；存货周转率stockholder 股东straight irrevocable letter of credit 直接不可撤销信用证subrogation 权利代位subscribe 认购subsidiary company 附属公司；子公司supermarket 超级市场surface mail 平邮surplus 盈余surrender value 退还金额syndicated loan 组合贷款；集团贷款Ttakeover 收购tangible asset 有形资产tare weight 皮重；容器重量target market 目标市场tariff 关税tax 税捐tax allowance 免税额tax rate 税率telecommunication 电信；电讯telegram 电报telegraphic money order 电汇telegraphic transfer 电汇telex 专用电报tender 投标term loan 定期放款；定期借款terms of trade 贸易价格比率；贸易比率tertiary production 第三级生产third party insurance 第三者保险third party ownership 第三者拥有权third party, fire and theft insurance 第三者火灾与盗窃保险time deposit 定期存款time draft 期付汇票time policy 时限保单trade association 商会trade barrier 贸易障碍；贸易壁垒trade credit （1）贸易赊帐，（2）商业信用Trade Department 贸易署Trade Descriptions Ordinance 商品说明条例trade discount 交易折扣；营业折扣trade mark 商标trade mission 贸易团；贸易代表团trade name （1）商号，（2）商品名称trade promotion 贸易促进；商业促进trade restriction 贸易限制trade union 工会；职工会traders' credit 商人放帐额；同行放帐trading account 购销帐trading and profit and loss account 购销损益帐trading capital 营运资金trading partner 贸易伙伴tramp steamer 不定期货船transaction 交易事项transportation system 运输系统Travel Agents Ordinance 旅行代理商条例traveller's cheque 旅行支票trust deed 信托契据trust fund 信托基金trust rerceipt 信托收条trustee 信托人；受托人turn-around time 运转时间；周转期turnover 营业额；销售量Uunavoidable risk 无法避免之风险uncalled capital 末催缴股本undertaking (1)企业，(2)承担underwriter 承保人；包销人underwriting 包销underwriting contract 承保合约undistributed profit 未分派之盈利；未分派利润unfair trade practice 不公平贸易手段United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 联合国贸易及发展会议unlimited company 无限公司unlimited liability 无限责任unlisted security 未上市证券unpresented cheque 末兑现支票unsecured loan 无担保贷款；信用贷款utmost good faith 具最高诚意绝对真确Vvending machine 自动售卖机vertical integration 纵面结合；垂直合并viewdata system 数据传视系统visible balance 有形贸易差额visible trade 有形贸易voucher 传票；凭单voyage policy 航程保单Wwarehouse 仓库；货仓warehouse warrant 仓单warrant 认股权证warranty （l）保证书，（2）保证条款water transport 水上运输Weights and Measures Ordinance 度量衡条例whole life policy 终生保险单wholesale banking 批发银行业务wholesale co-operative society 批发合作社wholesale price 批发价wholesale trade 批发业；批发贸易wholesaler 批发商winding-up 清盘working asset 营运资产working capital 营运资金；周转资金；流动资本working capital fund 营运资金基金working capital ratio 营运资金比率World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织Yyellow pages 黄页分类yield （1）收益；实际获利，（2）产量yield rate 实际获利率2. 企业概论Aabsenteeism 缺勤absolute advantage 绝对优势acceptance (1)承兑；承兑票据，(2)承诺acceptance of bill of exchange 汇票承兑；票据承兑acceptor 承兑人accident insurance 意外保险account (1)帐；账户，(2)科目，(3)客帐account executive 客户主任；户口主任account payable 应付帐款account payee only 祇限存入头人账户；只可转帐account receivable 应收帐款accountability 责任承担accountant 会计人员；会计主任；会计师accounting equation 会计等式accounting period 会计期间accumulated depreciation 累积折旧；折旧准备accumulated dividend 累积股息accumulated fund 累积基金achievement test 成就测验acid-test ratio 酸性测验比率active partner 活跃合伙人；参与管理合伙人activity ratio 实际作业与预算比率administration 行政advance 预付advancement 晋升advertising agency 广告公司；广告代理商advertising appeals 广告诉求advertising media 广告媒介Advisory Committee on Diversification 经济多元化咨询委员会affiliated company 附属公司agent 代理人aids to trade 贸易辅助服务allowance (1)折让，(2)津贴amalgamation 合并American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong, The 香港美国商会analog computer 仿真计算机annual general meeting 周年大会；年会annual leave 年假annual report 年报annuity 年金appreciation 升值；增值apprenticeship 学徒训练aptitude test 性向测验；才能测验arbirage 套利；套息arbitration 仲裁arbitrator 仲裁者；仲裁人arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) 算术及逻辑运算部件arithmetic mean 算术平均；等差中项；算术中项Articles of Association 组织章程Asian Development Bank (ADB) 亚洲发展银行Asian Productivity Organization (APO) 亚洲生产力组织assembling 装配assembly line 装配线asset 资产asset turnover 资产周转率assignment of responsibility 职责之指派associated companies 联营公司assumption of duty 就任；就职；上任at par 按票面值；按面值audit 查核；核数；审计authorised capital 注册股本；法定股本authoritarian 独裁式；独裁；专制authority 权力；职权auto-pay 自动转帐支付autocratic leadership 独裁式领导automatic credit transfer 自动转帐收款automatic teller machine(ATM) 自动柜员机automation 自动化autonomous work group 自治工作小组自治工作小组autonomy 自主；自治权average collection period 平均收帐期average rate of return (ARR) 平均收益率avoidable risk 可避免之风险Bbackward integration 后向合并bad debt 呆帐；坏帐balance (1)余额，(2)平衡balance of payments 国际收支差额balance of trade 国际贸易差额balance sheetbank draft 银行汇票bank overdraft 银行透支banker's acceptance 银行承兑票据Banking Ordinance 银行业条例bankruptcy 破产basic need 基本需要basic salary 底薪batch processing 成批处理；整批处理bear 看淡股市者；淡友bear marketbearer bond 息票债券；不记债券bearer cheque 来人支票；不记名支票bearer share 无记名股票；不记名股票best lending rate 优惠利率；最优惠利率；最优惠贷款条件bill of exchange 汇票；票据；交易票据bill of lading 提货单bill payable 应付票据bill receivable 应收票据blue chip 蓝筹股board of directors 董事会；董事局bond 债券bond dividend 债券股利bond interest 债券利息bonded warehouse 公税仓bonus 红利；花红bonus issue 发行红股bonus share 红股；股票股息book value 账面值boycott 杯葛；抵制brain drain 人材流失；人材外流brain storming 剌激创新；脑力激荡法brand 牌子；品牌brand image 品牌形象；牌子形象brand loyalty 对牌子忠诚brand name 商标；品牌名称；牌子名称break-even analysis 损益平衡分析；损益两平分析；营业平衡分析break-even chart 损益平衡图；损益两平图；营业平衡图break-even point (BEP) 损益平衡点；损益两平点；营业平衡点broker 经纪brokerage firm 经纪行budget 预算budgetary control 预算控制budgeting (1)预算，(2)编制预算buffer stock 调节存货；安全存货bulk-breaking 分件bulk-buying 大量购买bull 看好股市者；好友bull market 牛市；旺市bureaucracy 官僚系统；官僚组织制度；科层组织制度burglary insurance 盗窃保险business administration 工商管理business corporation 企业公司business cycle 商业循环；营业循环；营业周期business enterprise 企业机构business entity 企业个体business ethics 商业道德business organization 企业组织business registration certificate 商业登记证business reply service 商业回邮服务buying power index 购买力指数Ccalculating device 计算装置call provision 提前赎回(证券)条款callable bond 可赎回债券called-up capital 已催缴股本capital 资金；资本；股本capital budgeting 资本预算capital employed 动用资金；动用资本capital expenditure 资本支出capital gearing 资金借贷比率；资本与负债比率capital goods 资本物品capital market 资本市场capital-intensive 资本密集capitalism 资本主义capitalist economy 资本主义经济capitalization (1)资本化；利益资本化，(2)资本总额carrier (1)运货工具，(2)承运商carrying cost (1)贮存成本；存仓成本，(2)保有资产成本case study 个案研究cash budget 现金预算cash discount 现金折扣cash flow 现金流转；现金流量cash on delivery (COD) 交货付现cash rebate 现金回扣cash sale 现销；现金销货cash with order 订货付现cashier order 银行票caveat emptor 购者自慎central processing unit (CPU) 中央处理器central tendency 中央倾向；集中趋势centralization (1)集中；集中化，(2)中央集权；集权化centralized management 中央集权管理certificate of incorporation 公司注册证certificate of origin 产地来源证；来源证chain of command 命令线；命令链；指挥链chain store 连锁商店channel of communication 沟通渠道；传意途径channel of distribution 分销途径；分销渠道channel of information 信息渠道cheque clearance 支票交换Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, The 香港中华总商会Chinese Gold & Silver Exchange Society, The 金银业贸易场Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong, The 香港中华厂商联合会circulating asset 流动资产circulating capital 营运资金；周转资金；流动资本classified advertising 分类广告clearing house 票据交换所co-operative society 合作社code of ethics 道德规约；道德守则code of practice 操作守则coercive power 强制权力coinsurance 共负保险collateral 抵押品collective bargaining 集体议价；集体谈判collective ownership 集体所有；集体所有制command 命令；指令；指挥commercial paper 商业票据commission (1)佣金，(2)手续费committee structure 委员会结构commodities futures market 商品期货市场commodity 商品commodity exchange 商品交易所；期货交易所common stock 普通股communication barrier 沟通障碍communication channel 沟通渠道；传意途径communication network 沟通网络communism 共产主意Companies Ordinance 公司条例Companies Registry 公司注册处company 公司comparative advantage 比较优势compensating balance 补偿性最低存款额component 组成元素；组件computer 计算机；电子计算器Computer Aided Design (CAD) 计算机辅助设计Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) 计算机辅助生产computer crime 涉及计算机的犯罪行为computer personnel 计算机从业员computer program/computer 计算机程序programme 计算机系统computer system 计算机化conciliation 调停；调解；斡旋conciliator 调停人；调解人conglomerate 联合企业consignment 寄销consolidated financial statement 综合财务报告表；综财务报表consolidated group 合并集团consumer behaviour 消费者行为Consumer Council 消费者委员会consumer goods 消费品consumer loyalty 消费者忠诚consumer marketconsumer price index 消费物价指数consumer survey 消费者调查consumerism 消费者主义containerization 货樻运输；货柜化contingent fund 意外准备基金contingent liability 或有负债contingent reserve 意外准备continuous production 连续性生产；流水生产contract price 合约价格contributed capital 缴入资本control 控制；统制；管制control chart 控制图control unit 控制部件controllable costcontrolled company 分公司；受制公司controlling company 总公司；控股公司convenience goods 便利品convenience store 便利店；便利店铺convertible bond 可调换公司债券；可换债券convertible preference share 可转换优先股colling-off period 冷却期；冷静期；等待期coordination 协调corporation 公司；法团cost 成本cost analysis 成本分析cost and freight (A & F) 成本包括运费cost control 成本控制cost of capital 资本成本cost of goods soldcost of production 生产成本cost, insurance and freight (CIF) 货价、保险及运费；到岸价格cost-benefit analysis 成本收益分析；成本效益分析cost-effectiveness analysis 成本效用分析；成本效能分析cost-plus 成本加成cost-plus pricing 成本力成定价；成本加利润计价法coupon bond 息票债券coupon rate 票面利率craft union 同业工会credit analysis 信用分析credit analysis 信用咭credit control 信用控制；信贷控制credit insurance 信用保险；信贷保险credit line 信用限额；信贷限额credit management 信用管理；信贷管理credit period 赊帐期间credit policy 信用政策；信贷政策credit rating 信用评级；信用评核credit sale 赊售；赊销credit terms 赊帐条件credit transfer 贷项转帐credit worthiness 信贷可靠性。

中国特色及经贸词汇中西对照

中国特色及经贸词汇中西对照现代化modernización modernizar tr.国际化internacionalización internacionalizar tr.国有化estatalización/nacionalización estatalizar/nacionalizar tr.小康社会una sociedad relativamente próspera小康水平el nivel de prosperidad relativa综合国力energía nacional comprensiva进口总额el volumen total de importación y exportación(平均)经济增长率tasa de crecimiento económico media进出口国家país importador y exportador经济过热supercalentamiento de la economía产业间贸易comercio intraindustrial企业内部贸易comercio intrafirma制成品productos terminados/acabados半制成品productos semiterminados/semielaborados/semiacabados不对称asimetría总部Cuartel General联合国贸发会Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo物流logística沿海地区zona costera/litoral改革开放la Reforma y Apertura次贷危机la Crisis Subprime央行Banco Central非金融的no financiero人均收入renta per cápita中国在世界经济舞台的崛起la aparición de China en el escenario económico mundial 中国特色的社会主义el socialismo con particularidades chinas人均国内生产总值produto interior bruto per cápita中等发达国家países de desarrollo medio对外贸易总额volumen total del comercio exterior和平共处五项原则los cincos principios de Coexistencia Pacífica 东亚病夫el enfermo de Asia Oriental裹小脚con pies envueltos电信comunicación electrónica/telecomunicación电力poder eléctrico天然气gas natural原油petróleo crudo钢铁工业siderurgia siderúrgico adj.合法权益derechos legales政局稳定estabilidad del sistema político政策稳定estabilidad de políticas烽火台（长城）atalaya人大常委会Comité Permanente de la Asamblea Popular Nacional 中国共产党el partido comunista de China社会主义建设la construcción socialista共同努力esfuerzos conjuntos团结solidaridad solidario adj.领土完整integridad territorial统一unificación集体colectividad colectivo adj.方针orientación/línea política动力impulso/fuerza motriz长治久安estabilidad política duradera推动impulsar/empujar增强reforzar/fortalecer促进fomentar/promover全方位、多层次、宽领域onmidireccional, mulitfacético y de multiples niveles (de las r elaciones entre ambas partes)保持经济的持续稳定增长sostener un crecimiento económico sostenible, estable y rigo roso劳动力和资本资源的位移transferencia de manos de obra y de capitales实施紧急救援方案aplicar el programa de rescate de emergencia初级产品价格的下行趋势la tendencia decreciente/en descenso/a la baja de los produ ctos primarios放松对金融市场和资本流动的管制disregulación del mercado financier y del movimient o de capitals资本流量flujos de capitales联合国千年宣言la Declaración del Milenio de la ONU积极吸收外国直接投资absorber activamente la inversión directa extranjera跨国公司主导的全球价值链cadena de valor global dominada por las empresas transn acionales偿还债务的本金和利息desembolso del princial e interés拉美地区的自然资源禀赋dotación de recursos naturales de América Latina企业、国家和地区结构的差异heterogeneidad estructural entre empresas, países y reg iones国际收支经常项目的恶化deterioro en la cuenta corriente de la balanza de pagos汇率上升的趋势tendencia a la revaluación del tipo de cambio最易受金融危机影响的经济体economías más expuestas a la crisis fianciera墨西哥出口加工生产活动activdades de maquila para exportaciones mexicanas最惠国待遇规则normas de trato de nación más favorecida减免税收三年reducciones y franquicias tributarias por tres años夕阳产品productos de bajo dinamismo优先发展高附加值的产品生产privilegiar la fabricacción de productos de alto contenid o de valor añadido本地生产与国际生产体系接轨incorporación de procesos locales a sistemas internacion ales de producción双边贸易下滑El comercio bilateral ha disminuido/bajado. 保护主义proteccionismo。

中国对外贸易英文版

中国对外贸易英文版China's Foreign TradeChina is one of the world's largest players in international trade. The country has experienced significant growth in export and import activities over the years, becoming a major contributor to global trade flows. Here are some key points about China's foreign trade:1. Exports: China is known for its vast manufacturing capabilities and has emerged as the world's largest exporter of goods. The country exports a wide range of products, including electronic goods, machinery, textiles, and toys. Chinese exports are valued at billions of dollars annually, providing employment and economic growth.2. Imports: China also has a high demand for imported goods. The country imports a variety of products, including machinery, chemicals, ores, and petroleum. China's growing middle class has contributed to increased demand for imported consumer goods, such as luxury items and automobiles.3. Trade Surplus: China has maintained a trade surplus for many years, meaning it exports more goods than it imports. This has led to some concerns among trading partners, who argue that China's trade practices may be unfair and pose a threat to domestic industries. As a result, there have been ongoing trade disputes and efforts to address trade imbalances.4. International Trade Partners: China has built strong traderelationships with numerous countries around the world. The country's largest trading partners include the United States, European Union, and ASEAN countries. China also actively participates in regional and international trade agreements, such as the Belt and Road Initiative and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.5. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): China has become an attractive destination for foreign investors, thanks to its large consumer market, skilled workforce, and improved business environment. Foreign companies have set up manufacturing facilities and service centers in China to tap into its domestic market and take advantage of its export opportunities.6. Free Trade Zones: China has established several free trade zones (FTZs) across the country to promote foreign trade and attract foreign investments. These zones provide preferential policies, streamlined customs procedures, and tax benefits to businesses operating within their boundaries.7. Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): China's BRI is a massive infrastructure project aiming to enhance connectivity and trade between China and other countries. It includes building roads, railways, ports, and other infrastructure to facilitate trade along the ancient Silk Road routes.China's foreign trade has played a crucial role in its economic development and global engagement. However, it also faces challenges such as trade tensions, protectionism, and market access barriers. The Chinese government continues to implement policiesto support and strengthen its foreign trade, aligning it with its broader economic goals.。

leson1中国的对外贸易《外刊经贸知识选读》重点串讲课文翻译

第1课中国的对外贸易China in the Market Place 市场经济中的中国Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas links巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed substantially since the founding of the People’s Republic.During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialisation programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.The Great Leap Forward of 1958-1959 initially produced gains in agricultural and industrial production, but subsequently resulted in serious economic imbalances.Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests (1959-1961) with the result that national income and the volume of foreign trade contracted during 1960-1962.自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。

外刊经贸知识选读,每课重要知识点,串讲,课文翻译第1课中国的对外贸易

第1课中国的对外贸易China in the Market Place 市场经济中的中国Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas links巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究The pattern of China’s foreign trade has change d substantially since the founding of the People’s Republic.During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialisatio n programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.The Great Leap Forward of 1958-1959 initially produced gains in agricultural and industrial production, but subsequently resulted in serious economic imbalances.Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests (1959-1961) with the result that national income and the volume of foreign trade contracted during 1960-1962.自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。

国贸英汉互译

国贸英汉互译国际贸易 International Trade对外贸易 Foreign Trade国内贸易 Domestic Trade海外贸易 Oversee Trade世界贸易 World Trade有形贸易 (Visible Trade)商品贸易 (Commodity Trade)无形贸易(Invisible Trade)国际服务贸易 (International Service Trade)国际技术贸易(International Technology Trade)出口贸易(Export Trade)进口贸易(Import Trade)过境贸易(Transit Trade)复出口(Re—export Trade)复进口(Re—import Trade)可兑换(Convertible)易货贸易(Barter)双边贸易(Bilateral Trade)多边贸易(Multilateral Trade)直接贸易(Direct Trade)间接贸易(Indirect Trade)转口贸易(Entrepot Trade)统计边界(Statistical boundary)海关管理区(Customs territory)关境(Customs frontier)自由贸易区(Free zone, Free trade zone)保税仓库(Bounded warehouse)保税工厂(Bounded factory)出口加工区(Export processing zone)总贸易(General Trade System)专门贸易(Special Trade System)国际收支平衡(balance of International Payments )贸易差额(Balance of Trade)贸易顺差（出超）(trade surplus/favourable trade balance ) 贸易逆差（入超）(trade deficit /unfavourable trade balance ) 净出口(Net export)净进口(Net import)进(出)口商品价格指数（Price index）贸易条件(Terms of Trade)对外贸易依存度(degree of dependence upon world trade)国际贸易商品结构(Composition of International Trade)《联合国国际贸易标准分类》(SITC)（Standard International Trade Classification)国际贸易地理方向(Direction of International Trade)进口替代(Import Substitution)出口导向(Export Leading)国际分工 (International Division of Labour)绝对成本理论（Theory of Absolute Advantage)绝对优势(Absolute Advantage)比较成本理论(Theory of Comparative Advantage)要素禀赋理论（ Heckscher - Ohlin Theory ）要素禀赋(Factor Endowment)要素充裕度(Factor Abundance)要素密度(Factor Intensity)里昂惕夫之谜（Leontief Paradox）劳动熟练说 (Skilled Labor Theory)人力资本说 (Human Capital)产品生命周期理论（Product Life Cycle Theory）需求偏好相似论（Theory of overlapping demands）产业内贸易理论Intra-industry Trade国家竞争优势理论The Competitive Advantage of Nations世界市场World market商品交易所（Commodity Exchanges）国际拍卖中心（International auction center）包销(Exclusive Sales)代理(Agency)寄售(Consignment)拍卖(Auction)招标与投标(Invitation to Tender，Submission of Tender)商品期货交易(Futures)补偿贸易(Compensation Trade)加工贸易(Processing Trade)租赁(Leasing)贸易专业化系数 (Trade Specialization Coefficient)显性比较优势指数 (Revealed Comparative Advantage Index)商品的国际价值（International Value）商品国际价格（International Price）国际贸易政策International Trade Policy自由贸易政策 ( free trade policy )保护贸易政策 (protective trade policy)重商主义（Mercantilism）幼稚工业 (infant industry)财政关税 (Revenue Tariff )保护关税 (Protective Customs Duties)、进口税 (Import Duties)出口税 (Export Duties)过境税(Transit Duties)进口附加税 (Import Surtax)反倾销税 (Anti-dumping Duty)反贴补税 (Counter-vailing Duty)滑准税（Sliding Duties）特惠关税(Preferential Duties)洛美协定（Lome Convention ）普遍优惠制度（GSP）(Generalized System of Preference，GSP) 原产地规则 (Rule of Origin)免责条款 (Escape Clause)预定限额 (Prior Limitation)竞争需要标准(Competitive Need Criterion，美国)海关税则 (Customs Tariff )自主税则（Autonomous Tariff)协定税则（Conventional Tariff)《商品名称和编码协调制度》(Harmonized System, HS)货物分类目录 ( Description of Goods )税则号序列 (Tariff No.)税率 (Rate of Duty)单式税则 (Single Tariff)复式税则 (Complex Tariff)从量税 (Specific Duties)从价税 (Ad Valorem Duties)混合税 (Mixed or Compound Duties)选择税 (Alternative Duties)完税价格 (Duty Paid Value)混合税（Mixed or compound Duty）选择税（Alternative Duty）报关 Customs Entry /Customs Clearance通关申报（customs declaration）验关（查验）（customs inspection）通关放行(release)关税水平(Tariff Level)有效保护率(Effective Rate of Protection)附加值(Value Added非关税措施(non-tariff barrier—NTBs)进口配额制 ( Import Quota System)绝对配额(Absolute Quotas)全球配额 (Global Quotas)国别配额 (Country Quotas)协议配额 (Agreement Quotas)关税配额 (Tariff Quotas)自动出口限制 (Voluntary Export Restraint )自限协定(Self-restriction Agreement)进口许可证制 (Import Licence System)特种许可证(Special Licence，SL)公开一般进口许可证(Open General Licence，OGL)外汇管制 (Foreign Exchange Control)对外贸易的国家垄断(State Monopoly)最低限价 (Minimum Price)进口押金制 (Advanced Deposit)国内税收 (Internal Taxes)国家垄断(state monopoly)国营贸易(state trade)歧视性的政府采购政策 (Discriminatory Government Procurement Policy) 海关估价(Customs Valuation)进口押金制 (Advanced Deposit)技术性贸易壁垒 (Technical Barriers to Trade，TBT)劳工标准（SA8000）出口补贴(Export Subsidies)出口退税（Export Rebates）出口信贷Export Credit出口信贷国家担保制(Export Credit Guarantee system)外汇倾销(Exchange Dumping)卖方信贷 (Supplier‘s Credit)买方信贷 (Buyer's Credit)自由贸易区(Free Trade Zone)保税区(Bonded Area)出口加工区(Export Processing Zone)出口管制（Export Control）贸易制裁（Trade Sanctions）巴黎统筹委员会（COCOM）(Coordinating Committee for Export Control)国际服务贸易(International Service Trade)联合国贸易与发展会议(UNCTAD)《服务贸易总协定》(GATS)过境交付（cross-border supply)境外消费(consumption abroad)商业存在(commercial presence)自然人流动(movement of personnel)居民与非居民之间的服务贸易（ Balance of Payments 简称BOP ）通过本国境内的外国附属机构所提供的服务贸易（Foreign Affiliates Trade 简称FATS）专利(Patent)商标(Trade Mark)专有技术(Know—how)许可证贸易(Licensing)知识产权（Intellectual Property）世界知识产权组织公约—WIPO世界贸易组织—WTO└与贸易有关的知识产权协议---TRIPS贸易条约和协定(Commercial Treaties and Agreements)最惠国待遇条款（MFNT）most-favoured-nation treatment clause国民待遇条款（National Treatment clause）通商航海条约(Treaty of Commerce and Navigation)贸易协定 (Trade Agreement)贸易议定书 (Trade Protocol)支付协定 (Payment Agreement)国际商品协定(international commodity agreement)缓冲存货(buffer stocks)出口限额(export control)多边合同(multilateral contracts)石油输出国组织 (OPEC)铜出口国政府联合委员会 (ICCEC)铁矿砂出口国协会 (AIOEC)国际铝土协会（IAI）钨生产者协会 (TPA)天然橡胶生产国协会 (ANRPC)区域经济一体化（Regional Economic Integration）优惠贸易安排（Preferential Trade Arrangements ，PTA）自由贸易区 (Free Trade Area)关税同盟 (Customs Union)共同市场 (Common Market)经济联盟 (Economic Union)完全经济一体化 (Complete Economic Integration)政治联盟 (Political Union)欧洲联盟（European Union--EU）欧元（EUR）北美自由贸易协定( NAFTA )南方共同市场（MERCOSUR）亚太经济合作组织（Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation，简称APEC）东南亚国家联盟Association of Southeast Asian Nations跨太平洋伙伴关系协议ＴＰＰ跨大西洋贸易与投资伙伴关系协定 TTIP服务贸易协定（TISA）（2011，GATS落后）贸易创造效应(Trade Creation Effect)贸易转移效应(Trade Diversion Effect)贸易扩大效应(Trade Expansion Effect)社会福利效应(Social Welfare Effect)贸易条件效应 (Effect on Terms of Trade)国际资本移动（international capital flow）国际直接投资(International Direct Investment)国际间接投资(International Indirect Investment)对外直接投资（Foreign Direct Investment，简称 FDI）独资企业(individual proprietorship)合资企业(joint venture）合作经营(joint cooperation)跨国公司（Transnational Corporation）国际生产折衷理论 (The Eclectic Theory of International Production) 所有权特定优势（Ownership Advantage）内部化优势（Internalization Advantage）区位优势（Location Advantage）世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization，WTO)贸易自由化( Trade Liberalization )市场准入原则（Market Access）互惠原则（Reciprocity）非歧视原则( Trade Without Discrimination )关贸总协定(GATT)关税减让(Schedule of Tariff Concessions)出口价格（Export Price）正常价值（Normal Value）同类产品（Like Product）国内产业（Domestic Industry）实质损害（Material Injury）因果关系（Causation ）禁止性补贴（prohibited subsidies）可诉补贴（actionable subsidies）不可诉补贴（non- actionable subsidies ）农产品协议( Agreement on Agriculture )纺织品和服装协议(Agreement on Textiles & Clothing)贸易政策评审机制(Trade Policy Review Mechanism)争端解决机制(Dispute Settlement Understanding)。

《中国的对外贸易》(汉英对照白皮书2011).

中国的对外贸易China’s Foreign Trade中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室Information Office of the State CouncilThe People’s Republic of China2011年12月北京December 2011, Beijing目录Contents前言Foreword一、中国对外贸易的历史性进步I. Historic Progress in China’s Foreign Trade二、中国外贸体制的改革与完善II. Reform of and Improvements to China’s Foreign Trade System三、中国外贸发展对世界的贡献III. The Development of China’s Foreign Trade Contributes to the World Economy四、促进对外贸易基本平衡增长IV. Promoting Basically Balanced Growth of Foreign Trade五、构建全方位互利合作经贸关系V. Constructing All-round Economic and Trade Partnerships with Mutually Beneficial Cooperation六、实现对外贸易的可持续发展VI. Realizing Sustainable Development of Foreign Trade结束语Conclusion前言Foreword和平、发展、合作是当今世界潮流。

改革开放以来，中国顺应经济全球化趋势，不断扩大对外开放，在平等互利的基础上积极同世界各国开展经贸合作。

经过多年发展，对外贸易成为中国经济最为活跃、增长最快的部分之一，中国也成为跻身世界前列的贸易大国。

中国对外贸易的发展，将中国与世界更加紧密地联系起来，有力推动了中国的现代化建设，也促进了世界的繁荣与进步。

国际贸易中国进出口英文

The Total Impression on the Economic Condition of Our Country
Developing country 's trade pattern
ABUNDANT
SCARCE
Large population Less-skilled or Medium skilled labor Made in China Huge land
Soybeans; Metal ores; Crude petroleum; Special industrial machinery; Electronic microcircuits; Scientific equipment
(USD 100 million)
Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) Theory of Factor Endowment
Secondly, much of its pattern of net exports and net imports of different products is just what Heckscher and Ohlin would predict.
Therefore, much of China's intenational trade is consistent with the HeckscherOhlin theory.
Trade
Export the labor intensive products
Materials and high-skilled labor intensive product
Import
Further Discussion
Question 1.

对外贸易中英文对照

对外贸易中英文对照Foreign trade in Chinese and English甲方：___________________________乙方：___________________________签订日期：____ 年 ____ 月 ____ 日合同编号：XX-2020-01对外贸易中英文对照前言：贸易合同又称契约或合约，是进口出口双方当事人依照法律通过协商就各自的在贸易上的权利和义务所达成的具有法律约束力的协议。

本文档根据贸易合同内容要求和特点展开说明，具有实践指导意义，便于学习和使用，本文档下载后内容可按需编辑修改及打印。

合同编号：_________________contract no：_______________签订日期：_________________date：______________________签订地点：_________________signed at ： _______________电话：____________________tel： ______________________传真：____________________fax：_______________________电报：____________________cable： ____________________电传：____________________telex： ____________________电话：____________________tel： ______________________传真：____________________fax：_______________________电报：_____________________cable： ____________________电传：_____________________telex： ____________________经买双方确认根据下列条款订立本合同：the undersigned sellers and buyers have confirmed this contract in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated below ：1.货号art no. 名称及规格descriptions 单位unit 数量quantity 单价unit price 金额amount合计：_______________totally：____________总值（大写）_______total value：（in words）允许溢短___%____% more or less in quantity and value allowed.2.成交价格术语：□ fob □ cfr □ cif □ ddu □terms： ________________3.包装：______________packing： ______________4.装运码头：__________shipping marks： _______5.运输起讫：由______经______到 ________shipment________from_________to ________6.转运：□ 允许□ 不允许；分批装运：□ 允许□ 不允许tran shipment：□ allowed □ not allowedpartial shipments：□allowed □ not allowed7.装运期：___________shipment date： _______8.保险：由____按发票金额110%投保____险，另加保____险至____为止。

中国对外贸易货物出口合同中英对照

中国对外贸易货物出口合同CHINA FOREIGN TRADE SALES CONTRACT合同编号ContractNo:________________签订日期Date:_______________________签订地点Signedat:__________________买方：________________ 电话Tel:__________________THE BUYERS：传真Fax:__________________地址：________________ 电报Cable:________________ADDRESS：电传Telex：_______________卖方：________________ 电话Tel:__________________THE SELLERS：传真Fax:__________________地址：________________ 电报Cable:________________ADDRESS：电传Telex：_______________经买卖双方确认根据下列条款订立本合同：The undersigned Sellers and Buyers have confirmed this contract in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated below:1.货号名称及规格单位数量单价金额Art No Descriptions Unit Quantity Unit price Amount合计：Totally:总值(大写)：Total amount:(in words)允许溢短_______%。

_______%more or less in quantity and value allowed.2.成交价格术语：□FOB □CFR □CIF □DDU□Terms:3.包装：Packing:4.装运唛头：Shipping Marks:5.运输起讫：由_______经_______到_______Shipment from_______to_______6.转运：□允许□不允许；□分批装运：□允许□不允许Transhipment:□allowed□not allowedPartial shipments:□allowed□not allowed7.装运期：Shipment date:8.保险：由_______按发票金额110%，投保险_______，另加保_______险至_______为止。

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中国的对外贸易目录China's Foreign Trade Contents前言一、中国对外贸易的历史性进步二、中国外贸体制的改革与完善三、中国外贸发展对世界的贡献四、促进对外贸易基本平衡增长五、构建全方位互利合作经贸关系六、实现对外贸易的可持续发展结束语ForewordI. Historic Progress in China's Foreign TradeII. Reform of and Improvements to China's Foreign Trade System III. The Development of China's Foreign Trade Contributes to the World EconomyIV. Promoting Basically Balanced Growth of Foreign TradeV. Constructing All-round Economic and Trade Partnerships with Mutually Beneficial CooperationVI. Realizing Sustainable Development of Foreign Trade Conclusion前言Foreword和平、发展、合作是当今世界潮流。

改革开放以来，中国顺应经济全球化趋势，不断扩大对外开放，在平等互利的基础上积极同世界各国开展经贸合作。

经过多年发展，对外贸易成为中国经济最为活跃、增长最快的部分之一，中国也成为跻身世界前列的贸易大国。

中国对外贸易的发展，将中国与世界更加紧密地联系起来，有力推动了中国的现代化建设，也促进了世界的繁荣与进步。

Peace, development and cooperation are the trends in today's world. Since the adoption of the reform and opening up policy more than 30 years ago, China has conformed to the trend of economic globalization by opening wider to the outside world and promoting economic and trade cooperation with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. Through years of development, foreign trade has become one of China's most dynamic and fastest-growing sectors, placing China among the world's largest trade countries. China's foreign trade development has strengthened the nation's ties with the rest of the world, effectively pushed forward the country's modernization, and promoted world prosperity and progress. 2001年中国加入世界贸易组织。

10年来，中国经济融入全球经济的进程加快，中国对外贸易的活力进一步增强。

在中国加入世界贸易组织10周年之际，中国政府发表白皮书，对中国的对外贸易情况作一系统介绍。

China entered the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001. During the past decade, China has quickened its integration into the global economy while its foreign trade has been further invigorated. On the 10th anniversary of China's accession to the WTO, the Chinese government issues this White Paper to give a comprehensive introduction to China's foreign trade development.一、中国对外贸易的历史性进步I. Historic Progress in China's Foreign Trade1949年中华人民共和国成立以后，坚持独立自主、自力更生，逐步开展对外经济贸易交流，但受到当时国际政治环境和国内计划经济体制等因素制约，对外贸易发展相对缓慢。

After the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, China adhered to the principle of independence and self-reliance, and gradually carried out economic and trade exchanges with foreign countries. However, hindered by the international political environment at that time and the country's planned economic system, China's foreign trade development was relatively slow.1978年，中国进入改革开放的新时期。

大力发展对外贸易，成为中国加快现代化建设、改变落后面貌、促进经济发展和提高综合国力的重要途径。

30多年来，中国利用世界经济较长时期繁荣、经济全球化深入发展的机遇，扩大对外开放，吸引利用外商投资，引进先进技术，改造提升国内产业，在全面参与国际分工和竞争中，实现了对外贸易的跨越式发展。

In 1978 China entered the new period of reform and opening up. Devoting major efforts to the development of foreign trade became an important approach to accelerate modernization, shake off backwardness, promote the growth of economy, and improve comprehensive national strength. Over the past 30 years or so, seizing the opportunity of the world economy's long-term prosperity and the deepening economic globalization, China has opened wider to the outside world, attracted and utilized foreign investment, introduced advanced technology, transformed and upgraded domestic industries, and achieved rapid development in foreign trade through all-round participation in the international division of labor and competition.——货物贸易总量跻身世界前列。

1978年，中国货物进出口总额只有206亿美元，在世界货物贸易中排名第32位，所占比重不足1％。

2010年，中国货物进出口总额达到29740亿美元，比1978年增长了143倍，年均增长16.8％。

其中，出口总额15778亿美元，年均增长17.2％；进口总额13962亿美元，年均增长16.4％。

中国出口总额和进口总额占世界货物出口和进口的比重分别提高到10.4％和9.1％，连续两年成为世界货物贸易第一出口大国和第二进口大国。

-- China's total trade volume in goods ranks high globally. In 1978 the total value of China's import and export was only 20.6 billion U.S. dollars, ranking 32nd in world trade and accounting for less than 1 percent of the world's total. In 2010 the total value of China's import and export reached 2.974 trillion U.S. dollars, 144 times as much as that in 1978, averaging an annual growth of 16.8 percent. In 2010 the total value of China's export was 1.5778 trillion U.S. dollars, showing an a 17.2 percent annual growth on average, and the total value of its import was 1.3962 trillion U.S. dollars, showing a 16.4 percent annual growth on average. In 2010, the total volumes of China's export and import accounted for 10.4 percent and 9.1 percent of the world's total, respectively. By the end of 2010 China had been the world's largest exporter and second-largest importer for two consecutive years.——货物贸易结构发生了根本性变化。