Biomedical 2007
医学外文期刊目录
外文期刊目录刊号:610B0001 ISSN:0002-9629 期数:12刊名:American Journal of the Medical Sciences.译名:《美国医学科学杂志》出版者:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0002 ISSN:0065-2598 期数:刊名:Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology.译名:《实验医学与生物学进展》出版者:Plenum Publishing Corp.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0003 ISSN:1098-3015 期数:8刊名:Value in Health.译名:《医疗评估》出版者:Blackwell Science, Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0004 ISSN:0066-4219 期数:1刊名:Annual Review of Medicine. (Print Only)译名:《医学年评》出版者:Annual Reviews Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0004/IP ISSN:期数:1 刊名:Annual Review of Medicine. (Print and Online) 译名:《医学年评》(印刷版与网络版)出版者:Annual Reviews Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0009-2/D ISSN:期数:52刊名:Reference Update. (Deluxe Abstracts Edition on Diskette) 译名:《生物医学文献》(豪华文摘版)(软盘)出版者:Institute for Scientific Information Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0010 ISSN:0098-7484 期数:48刊名:JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association.译名:《美国医学会志》出版者:American Medical Association-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0011 ISSN:1087-2418 期数:6刊名:Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation.出版者:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0012 ISSN:1099-498X 期数:12刊名:Journal of Gene Medicine.译名:《基因医学杂志》出版者:John Wiley & Sons Inc.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0013 ISSN:0022-1007 期数:13刊名:Journal of Experimental Medicine. (Print Only)译名:《实验医学杂志》出版者:Rockefeller University Press刊号:610B0013/I ISSN:期数:24刊名:Journal of Experimental Medicine. (Online Only)译名:《实验医学杂志》(网络版)出版者:Rockefeller University Press--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0013/IP ISSN:期数:13刊名:Journal of Experimental Medicine. (Print & Online)译名:《实验医学杂志》(印刷版与网络版)出版者:Rockefeller University Press--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0014 ISSN:1931-5244 期数:12刊名:Translational Research: the Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine.译名:《转化研究:实验室与临床医学杂志》出版者:Harcourt - Mosby Inc.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0015 ISSN:0025-7974 期数:6刊名:Medicine.译名:《医学》出版者:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0016 ISSN:0028-4793 期数:52刊名:New England Journal of Medicine.译名:《新英格兰医学杂志》出版者:Massachusetts Medical Society--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0017 ISSN:0028-9264 期数:13刊名:News of New York.出版者:Medical Society of the State of New York--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0022/C ISSN:期数:12刊名:MEDLINE Site Enhanced on CD-ROM. (1966+, Dialog OnDisc, Standalone)译名:《医学索引光盘增强版》(1966+)出版者:DIALOG公司上海办事处,--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0026 ISSN:1067-733X 期数:12刊名:Med Ad News.译名:《医药广告消息》出版者:Engel Publications--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0030 ISSN:0891-3358 期数:52刊名:Current Contents: Clinical Medicine.译名:《近期期刊目次:临床医学》出版者:Institute for Scientific Information Inc.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0031-1 ISSN:0011-5029 期数:12刊名:Disease-a-Month.译名:《每月一病例》出版者:Harcourt - Mosby Inc.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0033 ISSN:0733-8627 期数:4刊名:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America.译名:《北美急救医学临床》出版者:Harcourt - W.B. Saunders Co.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0035 ISSN:0735-6757 期数:7刊名:American Journal of Emergency Medicine.译名:《美国急救医学杂志》出版者:Harcourt - W.B. Saunders Co.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0036/C=1 ISSN:期数:12刊名:New BioMedical Collection Advance (Medline, Drug Information Full-text / IPA Combination, SilverPlatteron Disc, 2-4 CC User, Base Price)译名:《新版生物医学专辑》(光盘,2-4用户)出版者:Ovid Technologies刊号:610B0037 ISSN:1060-5487 期数:10刊名:Journal of AHIMA.译名:《美国卫生信息管理学会志》出版者:American Health Information Management Association-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0038 ISSN:1062-8606 期数:6刊名:American Journal of Medical Quality. (Print Only)译名:《美国医疗质量杂志》出版者:Sage Publications Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0040 ISSN:1535-3141 期数:12刊名:Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. (Print Only)译名:《食源性病原体与疾病》出版者:Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0042 ISSN:0001-1843 期数:48刊名:American Medical News.译名:《美国医学会新闻》出版者:American Medical Association-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0043 ISSN:1557-2625 期数:6 刊名:Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine.译名:《美国家庭药品管理委员会杂志》出版者:American Board of Family Practice-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0045 ISSN:1079-4220 期数:6刊名:Real Living with Multiple Sclerosis.译名:《多发性硬化症病人的真实生活》出版者:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0047 ISSN:1533-029X 期数:4刊名:Point of Care; The Journal of Near-Patient Testing and Technology.译名:《医护要点:床旁检测技术》出版者:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0049 ISSN:0748-8157 期数:4刊名:Frontiers of Health Services Management.译名:《保健业管理新领域》出版者:Foundation of the American College of Healthcare Executives刊号:610B0050 ISSN:0883-5381 期数:6刊名:Healthcare Executive.译名:《保健管理者》出版者:American College of Healthcare Executives--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0051 ISSN:0197-2510 期数:12刊名:JEMS. (Journal of Emergency Medical Services)译名:《急症医疗服务杂志》出版者:Harcourt - Mosby Inc.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0053-A/W ISSN:期数:刊名:MD Consult Core Collection. (Online Ed., 1 Concurrent User)译名:《医疗资讯集萃》(网络版,1个并发用户)出版者:MD Consult--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0057 ISSN:0007-5140 期数:4刊名:Bulletin of the History of Medicine.译名:《医学史通报》出版者:Johns Hopkins University Press--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0061 ISSN:1087-3309 期数:6刊名:Science & Medicine.译名:《科学与医学》出版者:Science & Medicine--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0062 ISSN:期数:6刊名:Journal of GXP Compliance.译名:出版者:Institute of Validation Technology--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0064 ISSN:0894-587X 期数:6刊名:Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research.译名:《精神卫生管理政策》出版者:Kluwer Academic - Plenum Publishers--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0069 ISSN:1931-4485 期数:4刊名:Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal.译名:《高级紧急护理杂志》出版者:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins刊号:610B0070/I ISSN:期数:3刊名:Journal of Biocommunication. (Online Ed.)译名:《生物医学传播杂志》(网络版)出版者:BioCommunications Association-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0080 ISSN:1040-2446 期数:12刊名:Academic Medicine.译名:《学院医学》出版者:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0083 ISSN:0027-2507 期数:6刊名:Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine.译名:《蒙特西奈医学杂志》出版者:John Wiley & Sons Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0091 ISSN:0894-1912 期数:4刊名:Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions.译名:《卫生保健职业继续教育杂志》出版者:John Wiley & Sons Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0113 ISSN:0038-4348 期数:12刊名:Southern Medical Journal.译名:《南部医学杂志》出版者:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0167 ISSN:0196-0644 期数:12刊名:Annals of Emergency Medicine.译名:《急救医学纪事》出版者:Harcourt - Mosby Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0176 ISSN:0025-6196 期数:12刊名:Mayo Clinic Proceedings.译名:《梅奥诊所记录》出版者:Dowden Publishing Company-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0191 ISSN:0145-6008 期数:12刊名:Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research.译名:《酒精中毒;临床与实验研究》出版者:Blackwell Publishing, Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0199 ISSN:0272-989X 期数:6刊名:Medical Decision Making.译名:《医疗决策》出版者:Sage Publications Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0200 ISSN:0893-7400 期数:12刊名:Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants.译名:《美国医师助理协会志》出版者:Medical Economics Publishing Co. Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0202 ISSN:1040-1334 期数:4刊名:Teaching and Learning in Medicine. (Print Only)译名:《医学教与学》出版者:Taylor & Francis, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0211 ISSN:1050-6934 期数:6 刊名:Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants.译名:《医学移植长期效应杂志》出版者:Begell House Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0212 ISSN:0938-9016 期数:6刊名:Pain Digest.译名:《疼痛辑要》出版者:Springer-Verlag New York Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0222 ISSN:0094-3509 期数:12刊名:Journal of Family Practice.译名:《家庭医学实践杂志》出版者:Appleton & Lange-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0223 ISSN:1077-5587 期数:6刊名:Medical Care Research and Review. (Print Only)译名:《医疗研究与评论》出版者:Sage Publications Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0235 ISSN:0736-4679 期数:8刊名:Journal of Emergency Medicine.译名:《急救医学杂志》出版者:Harcourt - W.B. Saunders Co.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0236 ISSN:0301-5629 期数:12刊名:Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.译名:《超声在医学和生物学中的应用》出版者:Harcourt - W.B. Saunders Co.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0237 ISSN:1080-6032 期数:4刊名:Wilderness & Environmental Medicine.译名:《野外与环境医学》出版者:Allen Press Inc.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0238/C2 ISSN:期数:12刊名:MEDLINE Standard. (Silverplatter on Disc, Rolling 6 Years, Standalone User, Base Price) 译名:《医学索引光盘银盘公司标准版》(回溯6年,单机版,基础价)出版者:Ovid Technologies--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0238/C2=1 ISSN:期数:12刊名:MEDLINE Standard. (Silverplatter on Disc, Rolling 6 Years, 1 Sim. User, Base Price) 译名:《医学索引光盘银盘公司标准版》(回溯6年,1个并发用户,基础价)出版者:Ovid Technologies--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0246 ISSN:1083-3668 期数:6刊名:Journal of Biomedical Optics.译名:《生物医学光学杂志》出版者:International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0247 ISSN:1080-9775 期数:22刊名:Biomedical Safety and Standards.译名:《生物医学安全与标准》出版者:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0251 ISSN:1530-5627 期数:10刊名:Telemedicine Journal and e-Health. (Print Only)译名:《远程医疗杂志与电子保健》出版者:Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0263 ISSN:1090-3127 期数:4刊名:Prehospital Emergency Care.译名:《入院前的急救护理》出版者:Taylor & Francis Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0264 ISSN:期数:6刊名:ASAM News.译名:《ASAM新闻》出版者:American Society of Addiction Medicine-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0329 ISSN:0730-0832 期数:8刊名:Neonatal Network.译名:《新生儿网络》出版者:National Association of Neonatal Nurses.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610B0626 ISSN:1541-1052 期数:12刊名:Healthcare Benchmarks and Quality Improvement.译名:《保健基准与质量改进》出版者:Thomson American Health Consultants, Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0726 ISSN:1551-7489 期数:6刊名:Journal of Opioid Management.译名:《阿片素管理杂志》出版者:Prime National Publishing Corp.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0736 ISSN:1553-5592 期数:10刊名:Journal of Hospital Medicine. (FTE Small)译名:《医院医学杂志》(小型机构)出版者:John Wiley & Sons Inc.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610B0738 ISSN:1521-4710 期数:12 刊名:Journal Watch Women's Health.译名:《杂志摘要:妇女保健》出版者:Massachusetts Medical Society-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0001 ISSN:1403-4948 期数:8 刊名:Scandinavian Journal of Public Health.译名:《斯堪的纳维亚公共卫生杂志》附《增刊》出版者:Sage Publications Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0002 ISSN:0007-1420 期数:4刊名:British Medical Bulletin.译名:《英国医学通报》出版者:Oxford University Press-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0003 ISSN:0959-8146 期数:51刊名:BMJ; British Medical Journal.译名:《英国医学杂志》出版者:BMJ Publishing Group-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0003/I ISSN:期数:51刊名:BMJ; British Medical Journal. (Online Only)(Small FTE) 译名:《英国医学杂志》(网络版)(小型机构)出版者:BMJ Publishing Group-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0004 ISSN:0140-6736 期数:52刊名:Lancet, The.译名:《柳叶刀》出版者:Lancet Publishing Group--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610C0005 ISSN:0300-9734 期数:3刊名:Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, with Supplements.译名:《乌普萨拉医学科学杂志》附《瑞典增刊》出版者:Taylor & Francis-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0006 ISSN:0141-0768 期数:12刊名:Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.译名:《皇家医学会志》出版者:Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0007 ISSN:0969-1413 期数:4刊名:Journal of Medical Screening.译名:《医学筛选检查杂志》出版者:Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0008 ISSN:1356-5524 期数:6刊名:Evidence-Based Medicine.译名:《循证医学》出版者:BMJ Publishing Group刊号:610C0010 ISSN:0022-5045 期数:4刊名:Journal of the History of Medicine & Allied Sciences.译名:《医学与相关科学史杂志》出版者:Oxford University Press-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0013 ISSN:1470-2118 期数:6刊名:Clinical Medicine.译名:《临床医学》出版者:Royal College of Physicians-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0018 ISSN:1460-4582 期数:4刊名:Health Informatics Journal. (Print Only)译名:《保健信息学杂志》出版者:Sage Publications Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0019 ISSN:0960-1643 期数:12刊名:British Journal of General Practice, The.译名:《英国全科医疗杂志》出版者:Royal College of General Practitioners-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0020 ISSN:0098-2997 期数:6刊名:Molecular Aspects of Medicine.译名:《医学分子问题》出版者:Elsevier Science-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0021 ISSN:0895-6111 期数:8刊名:Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics.译名:《计算机化医学影象与图学》出版者:Elsevier Science刊号:610C0026 ISSN:1090-3801 期数:10刊名:European Journal of Pain.译名:《欧洲疼痛杂志》出版者:Elsevier Science, Harcourt Publishers Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0027 ISSN:1361-8415 期数:6刊名:Medical Image Analysis.译名:《医学图像分析》出版者:Elsevier Science刊号:610C0028 ISSN:0197-5897 期数:4刊名:Journal of Public Health Policy.译名:《公共卫生政策杂志》出版者:Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0030 ISSN:0308-0226 期数:12刊名:British Journal of Occupational Therapy.译名:《英国职业治疗法杂志》出版者:College of Occupational Therapists Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0051 ISSN:1368-5031 期数:12刊名:International Journal of Clinical Practice.译名:《国际临床实践杂志》出版者:Blackwell Publishing-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0053 ISSN:0143-5221 期数:12刊名:Clinical Science.译名:《临床科学》出版者:Portland Press Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0066 ISSN:0025-7273 期数:4刊名:Medical History.译名:《医学史》出版者:BMJ Publishing Group-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0073 ISSN:0032-5473 期数:12刊名:Postgraduate Medical Journal.译名:《研究生医学杂志》出版者:BMJ Publishing Group-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0074 ISSN:0032-6518 期数:12刊名:Practitioner.译名:《医师》出版者:CMP Information Ltd.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610C0078 ISSN:0036-9330 期数:4刊名:Scottish Medical Journal.译名:《苏格兰医学杂志》出版者:Hermiston Publications Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0085 ISSN:0022-2593 期数:12刊名:Journal of Medical Genetics.译名:《医学遗传学杂志》出版者:BMJ Publishing Group-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0092 ISSN:0308-0110 期数:4刊名:Medical Education.译名:《医学教育》出版者:Wiley-Blackwell-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0092/IP ISSN:期数:4刊名:Medical Education. (Print and Online)译名:《医学教育》(印刷版与网络版)出版者:Wiley-Blackwell-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0093 ISSN:0277-9536 期数:24刊名:Social Science and Medicine.译名:《社会科学与医学》出版者:Elsevier Science-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0094 ISSN:1750-8460 期数:12 刊名:British Journal of Hospital Medicine.译名:《英国医院医术杂志》出版者:Mark Allen Publishing Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0097 ISSN:0021-9290 期数:16刊名:Journal of Biomechanics.译名:《生物力学杂志》出版者:Elsevier Science-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0101 ISSN:0049-4755 期数:4刊名:Tropical Doctor.译名:《热带医师》出版者:Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0104 ISSN:0300-0605 期数:6刊名:Journal of International Medical Research.译名:《国际医学研究杂志》出版者:Cambridge Medical Publications Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0105 ISSN:0306-9877 期数:12刊名:Medical Hypotheses.译名:《医学假说》出版者:Elsevier Science, Harcourt Publishers Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0106 ISSN:1753-8157 期数:4 刊名:Informatics for Health & Social Care.译名:《健康与社会保健信息学》出版者:Taylor & Francis-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0107 ISSN:0014-2972 期数:12刊名:European Journal of Clinical Investigation.译名:《欧洲临床诊查杂志》出版者:Wiley-Blackwell-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0112 ISSN:0306-4603 期数:12刊名:Addictive Behaviors.译名:《瘾癖》出版者:Elsevier Science-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0115 ISSN:0306-6800 期数:12刊名:Journal of Medical Ethics.译名:《医学伦理学杂志》出版者:BMJ Publishing Group-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0116 ISSN:0277-6715 期数:30刊名:Statistics in Medicine.译名:《医学统计学》出版者:John Wiley & Sons Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0117 ISSN:1357-3039 期数:12刊名:Medicine - UK Edition.译名:《医学-英国版》出版者:Lancet Publishing Group-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0122 ISSN:1741-3842 期数:4刊名:Journal of Public Health.译名:《公共卫生杂志》出版者:Oxford University Press-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0126 ISSN:0269-2163 期数:8刊名:Palliative Medicine.译名:《缓解医学》出版者:Hodder Arnold Journals-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0128 ISSN:0951-631X 期数:3刊名:Social History of Medicine.译名:《医学社会史》出版者:Oxford University Press-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0145 ISSN:0968-8080 期数:2刊名:Reproductive Health Matters.译名:《生育健康》出版者:Elsevier Science-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0146 ISSN:1078-8956 期数:12刊名:Nature Medicine.译名:《自然医学》出版者:Macmillan Magazines Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0146=1 ISSN:1078-8956 期数:12刊名:Nature Medicine. (Individual Price)译名:《自然医学》(个人价)出版者:Macmillan Magazines Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0147 ISSN:1357-633X 期数:8刊名:Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare.译名:《远程医疗与远程护理杂志》出版者:Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0148 ISSN:1359-6535 期数:8刊名:Antiviral Therapy.译名:《抗病毒疗法》出版者:International Medical Press Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0176/IP ISSN:期数:12刊名:Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. (Print and Online)译名:《细胞和分子医学杂志》(印刷版与网络版)出版者:Blackwell Publishers Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0188 ISSN:1362-1017 期数:6刊名:Nursing in Critical Care.译名:《危重病护理》出版者:Blackwell Publishing Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0189 ISSN:1025-3890 期数:6刊名:Stress.译名:《压力》出版者:Taylor & Francis Ltd-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0201 ISSN:1462-4753 期数:12 刊名:British Journal of Community Nursing.译名:《英国社区护理杂志》出版者:Mark Allen Publishing Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0206 ISSN:1478-6354 期数:6刊名:Arthritis Research & Therapy.译名:《关节炎研究与治疗》出版者:BioMed Central Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0273 ISSN:0360-5310 期数:6 刊名:Journal of Medicine and Philosophy.译名:《医学与哲学杂志》出版者:Oxford University Press-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0146 ISSN:1078-8956 期数:12刊名:Nature Medicine.译名:《自然医学》出版者:Macmillan Magazines Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0146=1 ISSN:1078-8956 期数:12 刊名:Nature Medicine. (Individual Price)译名:《自然医学》(个人价)出版者:Macmillan Magazines Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0147 ISSN:1357-633X 期数:8 刊名:Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare.译名:《远程医疗与远程护理杂志》出版者:Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0148 ISSN:1359-6535 期数:8刊名:Antiviral Therapy.译名:《抗病毒疗法》出版者:International Medical Press Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0176/IP ISSN:期数:12刊名:Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. (Print and Online) 译名:《细胞和分子医学杂志》(印刷版与网络版)出版者:Blackwell Publishers Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0188 ISSN:1362-1017 期数:6刊名:Nursing in Critical Care.译名:《危重病护理》出版者:Blackwell Publishing Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0189 ISSN:1025-3890 期数:6刊名:Stress.译名:《压力》出版者:Taylor & Francis Ltd-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0201 ISSN:1462-4753 期数:12刊名:British Journal of Community Nursing.译名:《英国社区护理杂志》出版者:Mark Allen Publishing Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0206 ISSN:1478-6354 期数:6刊名:Arthritis Research & Therapy.译名:《关节炎研究与治疗》出版者:BioMed Central Ltd.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0273 ISSN:0360-5310 期数:6刊名:Journal of Medicine and Philosophy.译名:《医学与哲学杂志》出版者:Oxford University Press-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 刊号:610C0274 ISSN:1753-8351 期数:3 刊名:International Journal of Workplace Health Management.译名:《国际工作场所健康管理杂志》出版者:Emerald--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610CC001 ISSN:0921-8068 期数:6刊名:Excerpta Medica, Section 36: Health Policy, Economics and Management.译名:《荷兰医学文摘,第36辑:卫生政策、经济学与管理》出版者:Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610CC060 ISSN:0332-3102 期数:10刊名:Irish Medical Journal.译名:《爱尔兰医学杂志》出版者:Irish Medical Organization--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610CC061 ISSN:0300-9572 期数:12刊名:Resuscitation.译名:《复苏》出版者:Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd.刊号:610E0002 ISSN:0012-0472 期数:52刊名:DMW; Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift.译名:《德国医学周刊》出版者:Georg Thieme Verlag--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610E0003 ISSN:0949-2321 期数:12刊名:European Journal of Medical Research.译名:《欧洲医学研究杂志》出版者:I.Holzapfel Publishers Munich--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610E0007 ISSN:0946-2716 期数:12刊名:Journal of Molecular Medicine. (Text in English)译名:《分子医学杂志》出版者:Springer Verlag--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610E0008 ISSN:0723-5003 期数:12刊名:Medizinische Klinik.译名:《医学临床》出版者:Springer Verlag--------------------------------------------------------------------------------刊号:610E0009 ISSN:0026-1270 期数:6刊名:Methods of Information in Medicine. (Text in English)。
研究生-2014现代分子生物学英语
“The active principle …is responsible for the conversion of normal cells to neoplastic cells”
“It may be (1) a metabolic product of the crown-gall bacterium; (2) a normal host constituent that is converted by the bacteria into a tumorinducing substance; (3) a chemical fraction of the bacterial cell that is capable of initiating, as in the case of the transforming substance (DNA) of the pneumococci, a specific alteration in the host cell; or (4) a virus or other agent which is present in association with the crown-gall organism”
Armin C. Braun 1911 - 1986
Gall tissues can grow indefinitely without exogenous phytohormones
1930s – 1950s, numerous studies Auxin CK
High levels of auxin and cytokinin are found in gall tissues
White, P.R. and Braun, A.C. (1941). Crown gall production by bacteria-free tumor tissues. Science. 94: 239-241; Photo from Wood, H.N., and Kelman, A. (1987) Phytopathology 77: 991.
BiomedicalOptics―PrinciplesandImaging生物-南开大学图书馆
《Biomedical Optics ― Principles and Imaging》(生物医学光学― 原理和成像)简介一、出版情况《生物医学光学― 原理和成像》(Biomedical Optics ― Principles and Imaging)一书由John Wiley & Sons出版集团出版,全书362页,南开大学图书馆馆藏版本为2007年第一版。
在两位作者中,Lihong V. Wang教授任职于圣路易斯华盛顿大学生物医学工程系,而Hsin-I Wu教授任职于得克萨斯农机大学生物医学工程系。
二、内容简介《生物医学光学― 原理和成像》是生物医学光子学领域内为数不多的教科书中的一种,是作者在使用了近十年的研究生讲义的基础上改编而成的。
其主要特点是在介绍基本概念的同时,给出了严格理论数学推导和数值计算方法,并有针对性地提供了大量课后习题。
其另一个特点是把介绍基本原理和讲解实际的科学研究有机结合起来,每章后面都提供了丰富的与相应研究有关的参考文献。
由于作者之一Wang Lihong教授为生物医学光子学领域内资深学者,现任国际生物医学光学学会的主席,并在本书涵盖的多个研究领域均有建树,所以本书一经出版就引起了广泛的关注。
本书内容可分为两个大部分。
第一部分包括第1到第7章,系统介绍了光与生物组织的相互作用以及光在生物组织内的传输机理,重点为第3章的描述光在生物组织内传输过程的蒙特卡罗模拟。
第二部分包括第8章到第13章,分别描述了当前各种流行的生物医学成像方法。
由于本书触及到了生物医学光子学的大部分研究方向,是比较理想的研究生入门教材,由于理论性较强,需要学生具有一定的物理和数学基础。
除作为教材之外,由于本书内容详实文献全面,也可作为研究工作者了解相关领域、掌握最新发展动态的参考读物。
三、目录前言1. 简介2. 适用于单个散射体的瑞利理论和米理论3. 光子在生物组织中的蒙特卡罗模拟4. 宽光束的卷积5. 辐射传输方程和漫散射理论6. 基于蒙特卡罗方法和漫散射理论联合模型7. 光学特性的探测以及光谱技术8. 弹道成像和显微技术9. 光学相干层析术10. 穆勒光学相干层析术11. 漫散射光学层析术12. 光声层析术13. 超声调控的光学层析术附录A: 光学特性的定义附录B: 缩写列表名词索引(译介者:方晖,南开大学信息技术科学学院教授、博士后)。
2007年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖简介
・诺贝尔奖工作回顾・小鼠基因修饰基本原理及其在医学研究中的应用———2007年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖及其相关工作介绍汤富磊1 冯 娟2(1北京大学精神卫生研究所,北京100083;2北京大学医学部生理学与病理生理学系,北京100083) 2007年10月8日,瑞典皇家卡罗琳医学研究院诺贝尔生理学或医学奖评审委员会宣布,美国科学家Mari o R .Capecchi 、O liver S m ithies 和英国科学家Martin J.Evans 在“涉及使用胚胎干细胞进行小鼠特定基因修饰方面的一系列突破性发现”[1]而获得2007年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖(图1)。
图1 2007年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者Mari o R.Capecchi 1937年出生于意大利。
1967年获哈佛大学生物物理学博士学位,长期担任美国犹他大学人类遗传学和生物学教授,同时在霍华德2休斯医学研究所(Howard 2Hughes Medical I nstitute )工作。
O liver S m ithies 1925年出生于英国。
1951年获牛津大学生物化学博士学位,现在美国北卡罗来纳大学教会山分校工作。
Mari o R.Capecchi 和O li 2ver S m ithies 分别独立地发现了利用两段DNA 片段的同源重组可以对哺乳动物基因组进行可控的基因修饰。
Martin J.Evans1941年出生于英国,1963年从剑桥大学毕业后进入伦敦学院解剖与胚胎系攻读博士学位。
现在英国加的夫大学担任哺乳动物遗传学教授。
1981年,Evans 从小鼠胚胎中成功地分离出未分化的胚胎干细胞,这些细胞是生物成体所有细胞的来源。
他还建立了一系列基本技术,包括对胚胎干细胞进行细胞培养、遗传操作,以及将遗传改造过的胚胎干细胞转入代孕母鼠体内以产生经遗传操作的后代。
上述三位科学家的工作,使人们可以在哺乳动物的生殖细胞中进行特定的基因改造,并繁殖出成功表达这种新基因的后代。
《2023年国际多学科专家共识:_代谢相关脂肪性肝病和心血管疾病风险》摘译
·指南与规范·DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2023.10.010《2023年国际多学科专家共识:代谢相关脂肪性肝病和心血管疾病风险》摘译周晓东1a,田娜1b,郑明华1b,2,31 温州医科大学附属第一医院 a.心脏中心,心血管内科, b.感染内科,浙江温州 325000;2 温州医科大学肝病研究所,浙江温州 325000;3 浙江省慢性肝病重症化精准诊治与转化重点实验室,浙江温州325000通信作者:郑明华,***************.cn(ORCID: 0000-0003-4984-2631)摘要:代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)是全球范围内常见的慢性肝病,影响全球超过四分之一的成年人口。
MAFLD特征是肝脏脂肪变性和代谢紊乱共存。
作为一种代谢功能障碍性疾病,MAFLD与心血管疾病(CVD)有着相似的发病机制。
这两种疾病都与肥胖、2型糖尿病和致动脉粥样硬化性血脂异常等公认的心血管危险因素密切相关。
越来越多的证据支持MAFLD与CVD之间存在密切联系。
然而,作为一种新兴的CVD危险因素,MAFLD与传统的CVD危险因素不同,仍待进一步研究。
在这一背景下,本共识使用德尔菲法则,通过两轮调查就MAFLD和CVD风险之间的联系达成一致意见,并探讨了MAFLD与CVD流行病学及临床特征的相关性,以及病理生理机制、监测和管理等一系列问题。
关键词:代谢相关脂肪性肝病;非酒精性脂肪性肝病;心血管疾病;共识基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(82070588);浙江省卫生厅高层次创新人才项目(2032102600032)Excerpt of an international multidisciplinary consensus statement on MAFLD and the risk of CVD (2023)ZHOU Xiaodong1a,TIAN Na1b,ZHENG Minghua1b,2,3.(1. a. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine,The Heart Center,b. Department of Infectious Diseases,The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325000,China;2. Institute of Hepatology,Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325000,China;3. Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for the Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China)Corresponding author: ZHENG Minghua,***************.cn(ORCID: 0000-0003-4984-2631)Abstract:Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease around the world, affecting more than a quarter of the adult population worldwide. MAFLD is characterized by the co-occurrence of hepatic steatosis and metabolic disturbance. As a metabolic disorder, MAFLD shares a similar pathogenesis with cardiovascular disease (CVD),and both diseases are closely associated with the well-established cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity,type 2 diabetes, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. An increasing amount of evidence has shown that MAFLD is closely associated with CVD; however, as a new risk factor for CVD, MAFLD differs from traditional risk factors for CVD, which requires further investigation.In this context,this consensus statement used the Delphi method to achieve a consensus on the association between MAFLD and the risk of CVD through two rounds of surveys and discussed the association between MAFLD and CVD in terms of epidemiological and clinical characteristics, as well as a range of topics including pathophysiological mechanisms,surveillance, and management.Key words:Metabolic (dysfunction)-Associated Fatty Liver Disease;Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease;Cardiovascular Diseases; ConsensusResearch funding:National Natural Science Foundation of China (82070588);High Level Creative Talents from the Department of Public Health in Zhejiang Province (2032102600032)亚太肝病学会官方杂志Hepatology International在2023年在线正式发布了“代谢相关脂肪性肝病和心血管疾病风险的国际多学科专家共识”[1]。
Glue from the SeaBiomedical Adhesives Inspired by Algal Polymers
A r ticle ID:042727104(2007)0520605201R 226B y B 2,,2@x G lue fr om the Sea :Biomedical AdhesivesInspired by A lgal Polymer sH.Bianco 2Pel ed 1,R.Bitton 2,P.Potin 3(1.Depar tment of Chemical Engineeri ng ,Technion 2Israel Institute of Technology ,Haif a 32000Isr ael ;2.I nter 2Depar tmental Pr ogr am f or Biotechnology,Technion 2Isr ael Instit ute of Technology ,Haif a 32000Israel ;3.Ma rine Pla nts and Biomolecules ,U MR 7139CN RS/U PMC &L IA 2D IAMS ,StationBiologique ,B P 74,F 229682Ro scof f Cedex ,Fra nce )K eyw o r ds :glue ;algal ;biomed ical adhesivesCLC number :O 178.53 1 IntroductionTissue repair following surgery or t rauma has been dominated by sut ures ,staples and wiring.Alt hough t hese techniques are well est ablished and widely used ,t hei r applicat ion often i nvolves pain ,unaest hetic result s ,or bleeding.These limitations emphasize t he need for adhesive pr oduct s to be available to surgeons.2 ResultsA challengi ng aspect of developing new tissue adhesive i s to create a material t hat can glue wet surfaces.The successof synt hetic gl ues under such an environment is very limi ted.On t he cont rary ,many mari ne sessile organisms produce adhesives that e ffectively stick to almost any wet surface.We have studied adhesive materi 2als formulated from phenolic polymers ext racted f r om t he brown alga Fucus Serratus.Shear 2lap test s demon 2st rated that t he polyphenol forms c ont act poi nt wit h t he surface ,however hardening wit h algi nate and/or cal 2cium is essential for high cohesi ve st rengt h.Furt her insight into t he mechani sm of glue formation wasobt ained from scatt ering and elect ron microscopy experi ment s.These have shown t hat t he phenolic polymer self 2assem 2bles and forms flexible chai n 2li ke objects.This st ruct ure does not change upon enzymatic cross 2linking or addi 2tion of alginate.H owever ,once t he algi nat e is cross 2li ked wit h calcium ions ,a rigid net w ork is formed.Presum 2abl y ,t his network i s responsible for t he cohesive st rengt h of t he glue.Inspired by t hese findi ngs we have developed a bio 2mi metic analog composed of a synt hetic phenol ,algi 2nate and calci um ions.The adhesion properties of t he bio mi metic glue are c omparable to t hese of t he nat ural adhesi ve.第46卷 第5期2007年10月复旦学报(自然科学版)Journal of Fudan U niversity (Natural Science )Vol.46No.5Oct.2007eceived da te :2007071iogra ph :H.ia nco Peled Corres pondence author E mail :bianco t .technion.ac.il.。
临床回顾性研究的十大常见错误及案例分析
临床回顾性研究的十大常见错误及案例分析本文翻译自《The retrospective chart review: important methodological considerations》。
有需要本文章的,请发送“文献阅读”到公众号,即可获得英文原文。
回顾性数据记录(Retrospective Chart Review, RCR)研究也称为医疗记录回顾性研究,是研究设计的一种。
该类研究通过预先记录以患者为中心的数据以回答一个或多个研究问题。
RCR可广泛应用于许多卫生保健方向的研究,如流行病学、质量评估、专业教育和住院医师培训、住院护理和临床研究等。
RCR所使用的数据有多种来源:如电子数据库、诊断检测结果和保健服务提供者的信息等。
此外,RCR中有研究意义的结果还可直接用于指导后续的前瞻性研究。
有学者评估了2006年RCR报告的方法学严谨性,结果显示大多数研究的方法学设计并不规范。
由于方法学是同行评议文章的重点,为了改善RCR研究的质量,本文将讨论回顾性记录分析中发现的十个常见方法错误和不足,并通过案例分析来提出建议或指明可行的资源,以供研究者在设计、实施或评估回顾性图表分析时作为“最佳实践”指南参考。
1. 第一个不足:未明确定义并清晰表达研究问题设计临床回顾性数据分析(RCR)方案的第一步是基于研究结果来制定一系列供回答的研究问题。
研究问题应是符合逻辑的,问题的答案选项之间应有明确已知/未知或可信/不可信的区别。
研究问题来源于RCR研究目的并可影响研究设计和数据分析,因此需要反复斟酌研究问题的制定。
本文在此介绍一种设计和阐述研究问题的框架,以供读者参考。
研究问题通常可以分为三类,描述类问题、关系类问题、比较类问题,下面将分别对三类问题展开分析。
描述类问题在RCR中较为常见,这类问题描述了正在发生或已存在的事情。
发病率和患病率研究属于描述性研究。
我们可以提出这样一个研究问题,“2021年12月南非的新冠肺炎发病率是多少?“这个问题的答案可以用百分比来表示。
心率变异性的分析方法
WANG Buqiag,WANG Weidong Biomedical
【Abstract】Firstly,the linear time—domain and frequency-domain methods for analvzing heart rate m variability
研究表明,HRV肘频参数之问存在着一定的相关性。 Bigger等人通过对心梗两周后的病人的HRV的时频域参数 的研究表明除了SDNN和SDANN有非常强的相差性(相关 系效为0.98)外,r-MSSD和PNN50也具有较强的相关性(相 关系数为0.93)”1。Kleiger等人通过对14个健康对象的 HRV的研究表明’r_MSSD和PNNS0具有相关系数是0.96 的强相关性01。这种相关性表明,这些参数是和相同的调制
万方数据
第5期
心率变异性分析方法的研究进展
·553·
其在相空间的代表点(即吸引子)充填的疏密就用分形维数 描述。分形维数与描述系统动力学规律所需的方程式的个 数(自由度)有关。由于计数方式不同,分形维可用容量维和 关联维表示。由于关联维比容量维更准确也更容易计算,且 时问序列意义更加明确,所以关联维是更加常用的指标。
一项针对心梗预后的病人的心率研究表明,预后病人的 左心室功能衰竭的出现与功率谱s(力一,的斜率显著地变 小有关.斜率大小与左心室功能衰竭的程度相关”…。 2.1.3近似熵(approximate entropy,ApEn) 近似熵是平克 斯(S.Pincus)定义的一个适合于对短程数据进行分析的定 量刻画系统规则度或复杂性的统计量““。随机运动的近似 熵趋于无穷大,而混沌运动的近似熵为某一确定的正数。由 于近似熵分析法的优点有:所需要的数据较短;具有较强的 抗干扰能力;包含了时间顺序信息。近似熵可以反映心血管 的调节模式。
Biomedical_Chromatography
Fingerprint analysis of Rhizoma chuanxiong867ORIGINAL RESEARCH ORIGINAL RESEARCHBIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY Biomed. Chromatogr . 21: 867–875 (2007)Published online 12 April 2007 in Wiley InterScience () DOI: 10.1002/bmc.833Fingerprint analysis of Rhizoma chuanxiong by pressurizedcapillary electrochromatography and high-performance liquid chromatographyGuoxiang Xie,1 Aihua Zhao,1 Peng Li,2 Lu Li 2 and Wei Jia 1*1School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China 2Unimicro (Shanghai) Technologies Co. Ltd, Shanghai 201203, People’s Republic of ChinaReceived 25 December 2006; revised 8 February 2007; accepted 9 February 2007ABSTRACT: Pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used simultaneously to establish fingerprints of Rhizoma chuanxiong . Ten batches of Rhizoma chuanxiong collected from different regions in China were used to obtain the characteristic pCEC and HPLC fingerprints using a standardized procedure of sample preparation and analysis. A total of 22 common peaks were isolated within 60min by pCEC and 16 common peaks by HPLC within 65min. The fingerprints of Rhizoma chuanxiong were then used to identify the raw herbs from different sources in China.The two proposed methods demonstrated good stability and reproducibility with RSD less than 5% for retention time in pCEC and in HPLC, respectively. Finally, the data from the analyses of 10 batches of Rhizoma chuanxiong by pCEC and HPLC were all processed with similarity analysis with two mathematical methods, correlation coefficient and the included angle cosine. The fingerprints of Rhizoma chuanxiong established with pCEC and HPLC are suitable to identify samples from different sources and can be used to control the quality of raw herbs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.KEYWORDS: pressurized capillary electrochromatography; high-performance liquid chromatography; fingerprint analysis;Rhizoma chuanxiongINTRODUCTIONTraditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are gaining more and more attention in many fields because of their low toxicity and good therapeutic performance TCMs are composed of diverse of components and their contents vary with growing soil, climate and the growth stage when harvested (Zhou et al., 2002). This makes the quality control of crude drugs and their medical preparations extremely difficult. Traditionally,the contents of active components in TCMs were used to evaluate the quality of raw herbal medicines. How-ever, according to this method, it is difficult to insure the biologically active compounds, and to separate them from the large amounts of proteins, sugars and tannins that may contribute little to the pharmaceutical effects. Furthermore, all the components in TCMs are held to be responsible for the beneficial effects and not just the few active compounds (Drug Administra-tion Bureau of China, 2000). Conventional research focuses mainly on the determination of the most activecomponents, while fingerprinting can offer characteriza-tion of a complex system with a degree of quantitative reliability . In this respect, fingerprinting has gained increasing attention for quality control systems (National Pharmacopoeia Committee, 2000; Gu et al.,2004). Fingerprint analysis has been introduced and accepted by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as one of the requirements for botanical pre-parations (CDER/FDA, 2000) and by the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products for herbal preparations (CPMP/CVMP, 2000). Further-more, fingerprint analysis has been introduced and accepted by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a strategy for assessing herbal medicines (World Health Organization, 1991) and is also required by the State Food and Drug Administration Bureau of China for the standardization of injections made from TCMs or their raw materials (Drug Administration Bureau of China, 2000) Fingerprint analysis of medicinal herbs can be used for identifying and assessing the stability of the plants.Chromatography, including thin-layer chromato-graphy (TLC), high-performance liquid chromato-graphy (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC), is recommended for fingerprinting of TCMs in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (National Pharmacopoeia *Correspondence to: Wei Jia, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No . 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240,People’s Republic of China.E-mail: weijia@Abbreviations used: ACN, acetonitrile; EOF, electro-osmotic flow;Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Biomed. Chromatogr . 21: 867–875 (2007)DOI: 10.1002/bmc868G. Xie et al.ORIGINALRESEARCH of years; it is fast and easy to operate, but of poor resolution . HPLC has high precision, sensitivity and reproducibility for fingerprinting TCM, but HPLC is not suitable for analysis of some highly viscous samples. CE has high speed, efficiency, ultrasmall sample volume and minimal consumption of solvent, but the reproduc-ibility and the selectivity are not as good as in HPLC.CEC is a hybrid technique that combines the selectivity of HPLC and the separation efficiency of CE How-ever, in practice, when CEC is used without pressure,often on a commercial CE instrument, there were pro-blems associated with bubble formation in CEC, occur-ring initially in the unpacked section of the capillary,probably as a result of differences in velocity of the liquid eluent between the packed and unpacked sec-tions of the capillary (Poppe, 1997; Zhang et al., 2003)and column dry-out . The use of supplementary pre-ssure has proved effective to stabilize the flow con-ditions. Compared with traditional HPLC and CE, the mobile phase in the pCEC system is driven by a pre-ssurized flow and an electro-osmotic flow (EOF) simul-taneously, reducing band broadening and improving separation efficiency. Now pCEC has become an attrac-tive technique for pharmaceutical analysis (Zhang et al.,2003; Lue et al., 2007) because of its combination of the inherent advantages of two major separation tech-niques. Therefore, we intend to develop a characteristic fingerprint of Rhizoma chuanxiong using pCEC and HPLC simultaneously for identifying the raw herb .The fingerprints can also help identify the geographical origins of the samples.Rhizoma chuanxiong , derived from the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae ), is a well-known TCM herb with hemodynamic and analgesic effects (National Pharmacopoeia Committee, 2005). Its constituents include ferulic acid, chuanxiongzine (i .e .tetramethylpyrazine) and other compounds (Chen and Chen, 1992; Hu et al., 1990; Mouer et al., 1998; Ozaka and Ma, 1990; Sato et al., 1990; Ho et al., 1989). HPLC has been reported in analysis of components of Rhizoma Chuanxiong (Gong et al., 2003, 2004, 2005; Li et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2000), but these reports are mostly relevant to chemometric approaches for the con-struction of chromatographic fingerprint analysis and do not offer sufficient discrimination to reveal the dif-ferences between similar kinds of compounds. Finger-print analysis of TCMs such as Flos carthami by pCEC and HPLC has been carried out successfully in our studies (Xie et al., 2006). However, at present no report for fingerprint chromatogram analysis of Rhizoma chuanxiong by pCEC was found and no batch compari-son data comparing the traditional technique (HPLC)with pCEC have been reported for evaluation of this TCM In this study, pCEC was applied to develop a fingerprint of Rhizoma chuanxiong for the first time,and the results were compared with those from HPLC.EXPERIMENTALApparatus.All pCEC separation was performed on a Trisep™-2100 capillary electrochromatography system (Unimicro Technologies Inc , Pleasanton, CA, USA) which comprised a Unimicro binary microsyringe pump, a high-voltage power supply (+30 and −30kV), a Valco six-port injection valve, a UV–vis variable wavelength detector equipped with a cell for on-column detection, and an Unimicro Trisep™ workstation 2003, as described in the literature (Jiang et al., 2001). A continuous mobile phase was generated by merging two solvent flows in a mixer and entered the Valco six-port injection valve via a microsyringe pump. Injected samples were delivered to the injection valve and introduced in the internal 10nL sample loop, and then carried to the four-port split valve by the mobile phase flow.After splitting in the four-port valve, the flow entered a capillary column under constant pressure of 13,000kPa .Pressure was applied to the column inlet during the separa-tion . A positive voltage was applied to the outlet of the column, and the inlet of the column was connected to the split valve and grounded.The separation was performed using a reversed-phase column (EP-150-30/50-5-C18, Unimicro Technologies Inc .).The column was 50cm (of which 30cm was packed) ×150µm i d Detection windows (~2mm long) were burned into the column walls. A −10kV voltage was applied across the capillary to produce EOF. The flow-rate was 0.08mL/min and the injection volume was 10nL. The data was collected directly from the UV detector employing a sample wave-length of 280nm and analyzed using the Unimicro Trisep™workstation 2003.The final pCEC mobile phase employed water [0.02% (v/v)trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)] (A) and 95% aqueous methanol [0.02% (v/v) TFA] (B). This was filtered using 0.22µm HPLC filters and separation was achieved using the following gradi-ent: 0–10min, 2–15% B; 10–40min, 15–40% B; 40–65min,40–95% B. Samples and pCEC mobile phases were sonicated prior to use using an ultrasonic bath for 10min at room temperature in order to remove any air bubbles.An Agilent 1100 liquid chromatography (Agilent, USA)equipped with quaternary gradient pump and a UV detection system was used. An HPLC method was developed using a reversed-phase column (Elite Symmetry C 18, 250 × 4.6mm i.d., 5µm). The binary gradient elution system consisted of A [water + 0.5% (v/v) H 3PO 4] and B (methanol) and separation was achieved using the following gradient: 0–3min, 15% B;3–55min, 15–95% B; 55–65min, 95% B . The column temperature was kept constant at 25°C The flow-rate was 1mL/min and the injection volume was 10µL. The UV detec-tion wavelength was set at 280nm.Reagents and materials.Ferulic acid and chuanxiongzine (Fig . 1) were provided by the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutics and Biological Products, Beijing,China . Chromatographic-grade methanol (CH 3OH), aceto-nitrile (ACN) and other analytical-grade chemicals were used.Ultrapure water was prepared with the Millipore Milli-Q SP water purification system (18.2M Ω, Milipore, Bedford, MA,USA) All aqueous solutions were prepared with ultrapure water Genuine Rhizoma chuanxiong were purchased fromCopyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Biomed. Chromatogr . 21: 867–875 (2007)DOI: 10.1002/bmcFingerprint analysis of Rhizoma chuanxiong 869ORIGINALRESEARCH Shanghai Huayu Chinese Herbs Co. Ltd, and collected from different producing areas of China (Table 1). They were verified by Professor Zhong Liu of Shanghai Jiao Tong University of China as the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae ).Sample preparation.All samples of Rhizoma chuanxiong were kept in a desiccator. About 1.0g of dried samples were ground into powder accurately weighed and extracted with 10mL ethanol–water solution (75:25, v/v) in an ultrasonic water bath for 30min The extraction was repeated twice The extracted solution was combined and centrifuged for about 20min. The supernatant was concentrated by evapora-tion and then the residue was dissolved with methanol–water (75:25, v/v) by ultrasonication (250W) and transferred to a 25mL volumetric flask The fluid was filtered through a syringe filter (0.22µm) and injected directly into the HPLC or pCEC system.Stand ard sample preparation.Standard samples of ferulic acid (0.19mg/mL) and chuanxiongzine (0.18mg/mL) were prepared with methanol.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONEffect of the extraction methodSelection of an extraction method fitted for the type of herb is always challenging and depends on the acces-sibility of plant material and the content of the analyte.A good extraction method for TCM fingerprintingnot only requires more complete isolation of active components from herb, but also allows a comprehen-sive chemical profile . In this work, the ferulic acid content, commonly used as quality index, and the number of peaks were studied by HPLC in order to evaluate the extraction efficiency.Water, 50% aqueous ethanol, 75% aqueous ethanol and 95% aqueous ethanol were chosen as extraction solvents and ultrasonication and refluxing as extraction methods. It was found that the highest content of the ferulic acid in Rhizoma chuanxiong was obtained by ultrasonic extraction and refluxing with 75% aqueous ethanol . The number of peaks in the fingerprint chromatogram was also a key factor in choosing the extraction method and, in this respect, ultrasonic extraction was better than the refluxing method The reproducibility of the full assay, including the whole extraction process, was evaluated and the RSD value was less than 2.5% (n = 3). Moreover, ultrasonication was simpler and faster than refluxing and was therefore selected as the optimum extraction method.Identification of ferulic acid and chuanxiongzine with pCECFerulic acid and chuanxiongzine were the active com-pounds isolated from Rhizoma chuanxiong . Therefore,the active constituents ferulic acid and chuanxiongzine were used as two marker compounds in the Rhizoma chuanxiong fingerprint analysis Standard solutions of ferulic acid and chuanxiongzine were analyzed under the same pCEC conditions as the samples. The result-ing electrochromatogram is shown in Fig . 2(b). The peaks of the samples were identified based on their UV spectra and migration times of the peaks spiked with standard ferulic acid and chuanxiongzine. Peaks 4 and 6 were identified as ferulic acid and chuanxiongzine,respectively [Fig. 2(a)].Fingerprint development of Rhizoma chuanxiong by pCEC(a) The peak shape of ferulic acid and chuanxiongzine and the resolution between them and their neighboring peaks, as well as the resolutions between all the peaks,together with (b) the number of peaks in the whole electrochromatogram, and (c) the separation dura-tion for the process, were considered as the criteria for optimization of the separation conditions Several factors were studied to achieve good separation, includ-ing the mobile phase composition, buffer system and applied voltage.First, the composition of the mobile phase was tested during the separation. The mobile phases used were: (1) water:95% v/v CH 3OH; (2) water:0.02% v/v TFA:95% v/v CH 3OH; (3) water:0.02% v/v TFA:95%Figure 1. Structures of ferulic acid and chuanxiongzine.Table 1. The source of samples Sample no.Region1Mengyang, Pengzhou 2Longmu, Pengzhou 3Nanmu, Pengzhou 4Junle, Pengzhou5Guansheng, Chongzhou 6Zhongxing, Dujiangyan 7Liujie, Dujiangyan 8Shiyang, Dujiangyan 9a Sichuan 10aSichuanaSamples 9 and 10 were obtained from Shanghai Hua Yu Chinese Herbs Co. Ltd; they were from Sichuan but the detailed sources were not known.Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Biomed. Chromatogr . 21: 867–875 (2007)DOI: 10.1002/bmc870G. Xie et al.ORIGINALRESEARCH v/v CH 3OH:0.02% v/v TFA. The separation was per-formed with mobile phase 1 using the following gradi-ent: 0–3min, 15% B; 3–30min, 15–100% B. The peaks were eluted over 20–30min and a poor resolution of chuanxiongzine with its neighboring peaks was ob-served. However, the peak shapes and resolution were greatly improved with mobile phase 2. In addition,when using mobile phase 3 with the following gradient,the separation was completed within 60min with good peak shape and resolution: 0–10min, 2–15% B; 10–40min, 15–40% B; 40–65min, 40–95% B. The resolu-tion between ferulic acid, chuanxiongzine and their neighboring peaks was 2.74 and 3.24, respectively.The effect of using of different acids, such as acetic acid (HAC), formic acid (FA), phosphoric acid (PA)and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), on the separation of samples was investigated. Addition of HAC resulted inFigure 2. Electrochromatograms of marker compound of ferulic acid and chuanxiongzine (b),and Rhizoma chuanxiong (sample 6) (a). Peak 4, ferulic acid; peak 6, chuanxiongzine.low peak sensitivity and resolution, and poor peak shape. In contrast, when the pH of mobile phase was adjusted with FA, PA and TFA, the sensitivity, resolu-tion and peak shapes became better and the best reso-lution was achieved with 0.02% TFA . The baseline noise was 40, 7, 5 and 4µV using HAC, FA, PA and TFA, respectively. To improve peak shape and resolu-tion, all other pCEC separation were performed using TFA as the acid modifier Finally, water:002% TFA and 95% methanol:0.02% TFA were chosen as the mobile phase.The influence of an applied voltage (−15 to +15kV)was examined There were 55 peaks on the electro-chromatogram with an applied voltage of −10kV, while there were only 32 peaks at +10kV. As anticipated, a higher voltage reduced the retention time of peaks due to an increase in the net velocity.However, the pCECCopyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Biomed. Chromatogr . 21: 867–875 (2007)DOI: 10.1002/bmcFingerprint analysis of Rhizoma chuanxiong 871ORIGINALRESEARCH system became less stable due to resulting Joule heat of the high applied voltage. A decrease in resolution was observed when the applied voltage was at −15kV and at the same time, when the applied voltage was +15kV,small bubbles were observed due to the differences in velocity of the liquid eluent between the packed and unpacked sections of the capillary and the resulting Joule heat (Poppe, 1997; Zhang et al., 2003). The peak of the measured compound also varied when different voltages were applied; for example, ferulic acid exhi-bited a single peak when negative voltage was applied,and the single peak split into two peaks when positive voltage was applied . Therefore, a voltage of −10kV was used throughout the reminder of this study.To develop characteristic fingerprints, all the experi-mental procedures, including the extracting and the analytical conditions and methods, must be standard-ized. The determinant of the analytical conditions and methods was described earlier. The method validation of fingerprint analysis was performed based on the relative migration time (the ratio of peak migration time of sample constituents to the reference peak) and the relative peak area (the ratio of peak area of sample constituents to the reference peak).The sample solution was successively injected into the pCEC system and analyzed five times Precisions not exceeding 2.9 and 5.3% were obtained for relative migration times and relative areas of all peaks, respec-tively. The results of the precision tests indicated that the method was suitable for the analysis. The inter-day precisions of the proposed method, on the basis of analyzing five replicate samples on separate days,were below 3.1% for relative migration times and below 6.3% for relative peak areas. The stability test was performed with sample solutions extracted from Dujiangyan, Rhizoma chuanxiong , for 24h The rela-tive standard deviations (RSDs) of the relative migra-tion times and the relative peak areas were less than 5.8%. This indicated that the sample solution was stable for 24h and was fit for the analysis. The repro-ducibility test—analysis of five samples that were pre-pared from the same batch of the dried flower—was also satisfied by the result that the RSDs of the relative retention times and relative peak areas of all peaks were less than 5.0%.To standardize the characteristic fingerprint of the raw herb, 10 batches of 1.0g Rhizoma chuanxiong samples each from Dujiangyan were mixed homo-geneously. A 1.0g mixture was taken out and analyzed with the developed procedure . The average electro-chromatogram from the 10 batches was regarded as the standardized characteristic fingerprint of Rhizoma chuanxiong. Peaks that existed in all 10 electro-chromatograms were labeled as ‘common peaks’ for Rhizoma chuanxiong . There are 22 ‘common peaks’ in the fingerprint [Fig . 2(a)]. The area of all 22 peaks accounted for more than 90% of total peak area. The relative migration time (the ratio of peak migration time of sample constituents to the reference peak)and the relative peak area (the ratio of peak area of sample constituents to the reference peak) are shown in Table 2. The whole electrochromatographic profile,including the peaks, together with the marker com-pound ferulic acid and chuanxiongzine, could provide a useful means of identifying and assessing Rhizoma chuanxiong Using the relative peak areas of the 22common peaks in the electrochromatograms of the 10 samples, similarity analyses (National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutics and Biological Products,2004; Wang et al., 2005) were conducted with two dif-ferent mathematical methods including the correlation coefficient and the included angle cosine, and the results are shown in Table 4. As shown, the values of correlation coefficient and the included angle cosine ofTable 2. The results of the fingerprint analysis of Rhizoma chuanxiong by pressurized capillary electrochromatography Retention Peak Relative Relative Retention Peak Relative Relative Peak time area retention peak Peak time area retention peak no.(min)(uV s)time aarea bno.(min)(µV s)time aarea b1 3.98210,3080.180.301233.5233,016 1.510.09214.2824,0330.640.121340.747116,273 1.84 3.33315.08813,2300.680.381441.8877,191 1.890.21417.0953,0400.770.091543.52963,128 1.96 1.81518.46212,6530.830.361645.08916,468 2.030.47622.18334,894 1.00 1.001746.627264,906 2.107.59723.81913,276 1.070.381847.96414,328 2.160.41824.8375,193 1.120.151951.99611,946 2.340.34926.540118,156 1.20 3.392053.0195,436 2.390.161028.04821,046 1.260.602153.68218,434 2.420.531132.6834,2511.470.122257.6793,0042.600.09aRelative retention time: the ratio of peak migration time of sample constituents to the reference peak of chuanxiongzine (peak 6); b relative peak area: the ratio of peak area of sample constituents to the reference peak of chuanxiongzine (peak 6).Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Biomed. Chromatogr . 21: 867–875 (2007)DOI: 10.1002/bmc872G. Xie et al.ORIGINALRESEARCH Table 3. The results of the fingerprint analysis of Rhizoma chuanxiong by HPLC Retention Peak Relative Relative Retention Peak Relative Relative Peak time area retention peak Peak time area retention peak no.(min)(mAU)time aarea bno.(min)(mAU)time aarea b113.737222.830.640.19935.7652880.85 1.67 2.44214.64914.450.680.781036.538415.73 1.700.35316.216189.210.760.161137.723132.62 1.760.11421.4361178.58 1.00 1.001239.7176972.92 1.85 5.92524.1414304.93 1.13 3.651340.616331.13 1.890.28624.758112.95 1.150.101445.365426.23 2.120.36725.684972.89 1.200.831546.1581093.92 2.150.93829.782203.011.390.171647.168187.82.200.16aRelative retention time: the ratio of peak migration time of sample constituents to the reference peak of ferulic acid (peak 4); b relative peak area: the ratio of peak area of sample constituents to the reference peak of ferulic acid (peak 4).the samples were more than 0.910 except for samples 2and 5. It is concluded that most of these samples are alike except for samples 2 and 5.Fingerprint d evelopment of Rhizoma chuanxiong by HPLC.In order to obtain good resolution and a large number of peaks, optimization of separation con-ditions in HPLC was done by investigating the influ-ence of the mobile phase, the detection wavelength and the gradient mode Preliminary studies indicated that better separation and results were obtained using the mobile phase of A (water + 0.5% H 3PO 4) and B (methanol) than the same CEC eluent for HPLC for comparison between the techniques. Therefore, in this work, methanol and water were chosen as the mobile phase. A small amount of H 3PO 4 was added to the mo-bile phase in order to obtain better shape of peaks. The optimum mobile phase was A (water + 0.5% H 3PO 4)and B (methanol) in the gradient mode as follows: 0–3min, 15% B; 3–55min, 15–95% B; 55–65min, 95%B. The column temperature was kept constant at 25°C.The flow-rate was 1mL/min and the injection volume was 10µL. In order to obtain a large number of peaks on the HPLC chromatogram, the solution of ferulic acid, chuanxiongzine and the sample of Rhizoma chuanxiong were scanned by UV from 190 to 600nm;280nm was selected as the best detection wavelength.Chromatograms of 10 samples were placed into one, shown in Fig . 3. There are about 50 peaks within 65min in the chromatogram . Among these,16 common peaks [shown in Fig . 3(c)] were found in the standard fingerprint of Rhizoma chuanxiong .The total peak area of non-common peaks was less than 10%, which met the standards. The relative migra-tion time (the ratio of peak migration time of sample constituents to the reference peak) and the relative peak area (the ratio of peak area of sample con-stituents to the reference peak) are shown in Table 3.The method validation of fingerprint analysis was performed based on the relative migration time and the relative peak area.The sample solution was successively injected into the HPLC system and analyzed five times. Precisions not exceeding 0.8 and 1.9% were obtained for relative migration times and relative peak areas of all peaks,respectively . The results of precision tests indicated that the method was good for the analysis. The inter-day precisions of the proposed method, on the basis of analyzing five replicate samples on separate days,were below 0.9% for relative migration times and within 2.3% for relative peak areas. The stability test was performed with sample solutions extracted from Dujiangyan Rhizoma chuanxiong for 24h. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the relative migration times and the relative peak areas were less than 2.8%.This indicated that the sample solution was stable for 24h and suitable for the analysis. The reproducibility test—the analysis of five samples that were prepared from the same batch of the dried flower—was also satisfied by the results that the RSDs of the relative retention times and relative peak areas of all peaks were less than 2.5%.Sixteen common peaks, which appeared in the fingerprint of the genuine herb, represented the char-acteristics of the herb’s constituents, and the result of the relative values of the 10 samples, the peaks,together with the index compound, ferulic acid, could provide a useful means of identifying and assessing Rhizoma chuanxiong . As shown in Table 4, the values of the correlation coefficient and the included angle cosine with HPLC are slightly higher than that with pCEC . Sample 5, from Chongzhou Guansheng in China, is obviously different from the other samples,indicating that place of origin significantly influences the kinds and content of components in crude TCMs,and hence affects their quality.Comparison of pCEC and HPLC fingerprinting Both pCEC and HPLC could display the whole con-centration distribution of different kinds of compo-nents, which is the most important character of aCopyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Biomed. Chromatogr . 21: 867–875 (2007)DOI: 10.1002/bmcFingerprint analysis of Rhizoma chuanxiong 873ORIGINALRESEARCH Figure 3. HPLC chromatograms of marker compound of ferulic acid and chuanxiongzine (a), Rhizoma chuanxiong from different regions (b) and Rhizoma chuanxiong (sample 6) (c).Peak 4, ferulic acid. This figure is available in colour online at /journal/bmcfingerprint. Characteristics of pCEC and HPLC methods used to develop TCM fingerprints are summarized in Table 5.The number of common peaks, the non-common peak area, the reproducibility, the resolution andsystem suitability were key factors. The sample loaded onto pCEC was very small (10nL), which led to rela-tively low stability . As shown in Table 5, HPLC is advantageous for precision and stability of the analysis,while pCEC is superior in resolution, sensitivity and。
做新药研发管理你大概会觉得有用的几本入门书
做新药研发管理你大概会觉得有用的几本入门书药物的整个开发途径大约需要8-15年左右,这一段时间可以大致分成几个阶段,每个阶段的研究内容、所需知识都不尽相同。
如果对每一个阶段都希望进行管理,那么至少应当理解这些工作的意义和价值,管理的基础是至少部分地了解事物的本质,所以对于医药研发人员来说,需要一些必备的常识。
今天我们将首先划分药物研发的阶段,粗浅地讨论一下每一阶段所必备的知识,主要介绍一下获得这些知识的最快途径。
希望这些内容对于即将开始药物研发的新人能够提供一些帮助,尽量避免一些浪费时间的著作。
临床阶段部分可能要到下次再做分享。
红色字体强烈推荐。
药物研发的第一个主要阶段是化合物的发现与早期开发阶段。
这一阶段的主要目的是找出可能有效安全而且成药性较好的药物,药物化学家和生物学研究员是这一阶段的主要两类工作人员,工作的中心是药物化学家的药物分子设计。
本次推送的这一部分主要内容有两个:药物化学案例学习和生物学基础。
药物化学的案例学习药物化学在过去的30年内,受到法规环境、技术进步等多方面的影响,在药物设计上的进步可谓日新月异。
技术迭代在未完成产品开发就已经完成,使得技术进步未能见证产品优势。
药物化学家的工具也变得越来多丰富,无法判断一些药物的设计方法能否禁得住考验。
药物设计工具未经验证,药物化学团队需要一些案例指导。
在之前的推送里,我分享了药物化学的入门书籍,感兴趣的读者可以回翻到当期。
这类书的质量往往主要来源于药物发现团队是否讲述了足够多的内容,就是一般所谓的“干货”,另外选题与选材也比较重要。
由于缺少强有力的编辑团队,这类书的文笔参差不齐,推荐其中的《Accounts in Drug Discovery: Case Studies in Medicinal Chemistry》,与《Casestudies in modern drug discovery and development》。
国内去年的《明星药物》也可以读一读,但对于药物开发缺少实质帮助。
氟比洛芬酯、塞来昔布超前镇痛时机对骨科全麻病人苏醒期躁动及术后镇痛的影响
[收稿日期]2019-12-25 [修回日期]2020-07-05[基金项目]河北省医学科学研究重点课题(ZD20140464)[作者单位]河北省廊坊市中医医院骨科,065000[作者简介]王 苗(1982-),男,主治医师.[文章编号]1000⁃2200(2021)11⁃1541⁃05㊃临床医学㊃氟比洛芬酯㊁塞来昔布超前镇痛时机对骨科全麻病人苏醒期躁动及术后镇痛的影响王 苗,李朋斌,王贵良,王晓飞[摘要]目的:探讨氟比洛芬酯㊁塞来昔布超前镇痛时机对骨科全麻病人苏醒期躁动及术后镇痛的影响㊂方法:选择接受全身麻醉骨科手术的305例病人作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为FE1㊁FE2㊁CE1㊁CE2和C 组,各61例㊂FE1组术前30min 静脉滴注氟比洛芬酯1mg /kg,FE2组术前15min 静脉滴注氟比洛芬酯1mg /kg,CE1组术前12h 和术前1h 分别口服200mg 塞来昔布,CE2组术前3d 开始口服塞来昔布每次200mg,每12h 口服1次,C 组术前不给予氟比洛芬酯和塞来昔布口服㊂比较5组病人拔管前躁动评分(RS)和术后1㊁3㊁6㊁12㊁24h 视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)和不良反应发生率㊂结果:5组病人拔管时RS 评分差异有统计学意义(P <0.01),其中C 组拔管时RS 评分均明显高于FE1㊁FE2㊁CE1和CE2组(P <0.01),而FE1㊁FE2㊁CE1㊁CE2组两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P >0.05)㊂C 组病人术后1㊁3㊁6㊁12㊁24h 的VAS 评分均明显高于其他4组(P <0.01),术后24h 均明显高于CE2组和CE1组(P <0.01);术后1㊁3h,FE1组㊁FE2组㊁CE2组VAS 评分均明显低于CE1组(P <0.01);术后12h,FE1组㊁FE2组VAS 评分均明显高于CE2组(P <0.01);术后24h,FE1组㊁FE2组VAS 评分均明显高于CE2组和CE1组(P <0.01)㊂5组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P >0.05)㊂结论:术前3d 连续给予塞来昔布对术后短期和中远期镇痛效果均显示良好效果,且未观察到不良反应增加,安全性良好,值得临床推广应用㊂[关键词]全身麻醉;骨科手术;超前镇痛;氟比洛芬酯;塞来昔布;躁动[中图法分类号]R 614.2 [文献标志码]A DOI :10.13898/ki.issn.1000⁃2200.2021.11.012Effect of the preemptive analgesia timing of flubiprofen axetil and celecoxib on restlessness and postoperative analgesia in orthopedic general anesthesia patientsWANG Miao,LI Peng⁃bin,WANG Gui⁃liang,WANG Xiao⁃fei(Department of Orthopaedics ,Langfang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine ,Langfang Hebei 065000,China )[Abstract ]Objective :To investigate the effects of the preemptive analgesia timing of flubiprofen axetil and celecoxib on restlessness and postoperative analgesia in orthopedic general anesthesia patients.Methods :Three hundred and five patients treated with orthopaedicsurgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into the FE1,FE2,CE1,CE2and C groups(61cases in each group).The FE1group was treated with 1mg /kg of flubiprofen axetil before 30min of operation,and the FE2group was treated with 1mg /kg offlubiprofen axetil before 15min of operation.The CE1group was given 200mg celecoxib before 12h and 1h of operation,respectively.The CE2group was given 200mg celecoxib before 3d of operation,once every 12h,and the C group was not given flurbiprofen axetil or celecoxib before operation.The agitation score(RS)before extubation,visual analog pain score(VAS)after 1,3,6,12and 24h of operation,and incidence rate of adverse reactions were compared among five groups.Results :The differences of the RS scores of extubation among five groups were statistically significant(P <0.01).The RS score of extubation in C group was significantly higher than that in FE1,FE2,CE1and CE2groups(P <0.01),while there was no statistical significance among FE1,FE2,CE1and CE2groups(P >0.05).The VAS scores in C group after 1,3,6,12and 24h of surgery were significantly higher than that in other 4groups (P <0.01),and the VAS score in C group after 24h of surgery was significantly higher than that in CE1and CE2groups(P <0.01).At 1and 3h after operation,the VAS scores in FE1,FE2and CE2groups were significantly lower than that in CE1group(P <0.01).After 12h of surgery,the VAS scores in FE1group and FE2group were significantly higher than that in CE2group(P <0.01).After 24h of surgery,the VAS scores in FE1and FE2groups were significantly higher than those in CE2and CE1groups(P <0.01).There was no statistical significance in the incidence rate of adverse reactions among five groups (P >0.05).Conclusions :The continuous administration of celecoxib before 3days of operation has good effects on short⁃term and medium⁃and long⁃term analgesia,does not increase the adverse reactions,and has good safety,so it is worth popularizing and applying in clinic.[Key words ]general anesthesia;orthopedic surgery;preemptive analgesia;fluorobiprofen axetil;celecoxib;restlessness 随着我国老龄化进程加快㊁交通工具保有量增加和建筑行业的发展,因事故损伤㊁退化性疾病等需要进行骨科手术的病人逐年增多,骨科手术多数创伤较大,手术时间较长,手术创伤刺激神经内分泌改变,术后往往伴有剧烈的疼痛反应[1]㊂疼痛作为一种令人极度不愉快的主观感受,增加应激反应,导致病人术后恢复不佳,康复时间延长,严重者可导致呼吸系统㊁心血管系统㊁血液系统㊁认知功能等多方面不良反应,严重影响病人的生活质量[2]㊂术后镇痛多采用单一中枢性镇痛药物,镇痛过程中不良反应较多,效果欠佳,超前镇痛可有效减少伤害性刺激传入中枢,近年逐渐用于外科术后镇痛,多模式镇痛已成为骨科手术术后疼痛管理的有效方式[3]㊂氟比洛芬酯和塞来昔布均为非甾体类抗炎镇痛药物,研究[4-5]显示,二者均具有较好的临床效果,无严重的术后不良反应,但对骨科手术超前镇痛的药物和时机选择的研究仍较少见报道㊂本研究比较氟比洛芬酯和塞来昔布不同时机应用于超前镇痛中的效果,旨在优选骨科手术病人超前镇痛方案,以减轻病人的痛苦㊂现作报道㊂1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料 选择2015年6月至2019年8月在我院接受全麻骨科手术病人作为研究对象㊂纳入标准:(1)拟行全身麻醉的择期骨科手术病人,排除手术和麻醉禁忌;(2)年龄18~75岁,ASA分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级,性别不限;(3)病人对研究知情同意并签署知情同意书㊂排除标准:(1)合并严重心㊁肝㊁肾㊁脑㊁肺等脏器功能障碍,无法耐受手术和全身麻醉者;(2)入组前1周内应用过非甾体类药物者;(3)长期服用镇痛药物者;(4)药物依赖㊁酒精依赖㊁毒品依赖者;(5)对非甾体类药物过敏者或合并消化性溃疡者;(6)精神疾病㊁严重认知功能障碍㊁视听语言交流功能障碍,不能正确理解研究内容者;(7)平行参加其他临床研究者㊂共纳入病人305例,采用随机数字表法将病人分为FE1㊁FE2㊁CE1㊁CE2和C组,各61例㊂5组病人性别㊁年龄㊁体质量指数(BMI)㊁ASA分级和手术类型差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表1),具有可比性㊂1.2 方法 FE1组术前30min静脉滴注氟比洛芬酯(北京泰德制药股份有限公司,国药准字H20041508,规格:5mL∶50mg)1mg/kg;FE2组术前15min静脉滴注1mg/kg氟比洛芬酯;CE1组术前12h和术前1h分别口服200mg塞来昔布(辉瑞制药有限公司,国药准字J20140072,规格: 200mg);CE2组术前3d开始口服塞来昔布每次200mg,每12h口服1次,共口服6次(包括术前1h口服药物);C组术前不给予氟比洛芬酯和塞来昔布口服㊂5组病人均采用相同喉罩插管静吸复合全身麻醉方式,术后均采用自控静脉镇痛泵(PCIA),配方:舒芬太尼(宜昌人福药业有限责任公司,国药准字H20054171,规格:1mL∶50μg) 2μg/kg,托烷司琼(山东罗欣药业集团股份有限公司,国药准字H20061061,规格:5mg)10mg,用100mL0.9%氯化钠溶液配伍,参数设置:泵注速率1mL/h,自控量0.5mg,锁定时间15min㊂表1 5组病人基线资料相比较(n)分组n男女年龄/岁BMI/(kg/m2)ASA分级/级Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ 手术类型脊柱手术 髋关节置换 膝关节置换 FE1组61342756.32±8.9323.02±3.4734234162322 FE2组61332855.18±7.0622.87±3.1832263142621 CE1组61303155.85±10.1422.91±3.5133262152620 CE2组61342755.42±11.3723.42±3.6333271162223 C组61322955.69±9.1322.99±3.2632254172420χ2 0.740.39*0.30* 2.88 1.18P 0.9470.8180.8770.9420.997 *示F值1.3 观察指标 (1)比较5组病人拔管前躁动评分(RS)㊂RS评估标准:0分,平静协作;1分,吸痰等操作时四肢挥动;2分,无刺激时出现挣扎㊁躁动但无需制动;3分,躁动强烈需制动㊂(2)比较5组病人术后1㊁3㊁6㊁12㊁24h的视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)㊂在纸上画一条10.0cm直线,0表示无疼痛,10.0cm处表示疼痛不可忍受,病人根据自身疼痛程度在线上画下位置,该位置刻度即为病人的VAS,精确到小数点后1位㊂(3)比较5组病人不良反应发生率㊂1.4 统计学方法 采用χ2检验㊁方差分析和q 检验㊂2 结果2.1 5组病人拔管前RS评分比较 5组病人拔管时RS评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中C组拔管时RS评分均明显高于FE1㊁FE2㊁CE1和CE2组(P<0.01),而FE1㊁FE2㊁CE1㊁CE2组两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表2)㊂表2 5组病人拔管前RS评分比较(x±s;分)分组n RS评分FE1组610.51±0.26**FE2组610.47±0.24**CE1组610.44±0.24**CE2组610.42±0.21**C组610.66±0.28F 9.00P <0.01MS组内 0.062 q检验:与C组比较**P<0.012.2 5组病人术后VAS评分比较 C组病人术后1㊁3㊁6㊁12㊁24h的VAS评分均明显高于其他4组(P<0.01),术后24h均明显高于CE2组和CE1组㊂术后1㊁3h,FE1组㊁FE2组㊁CE2组VAS评分均明显低于CE1组(P<0.01);术后12h,FE1组㊁FE2组VAS评分均明显高于CE2组(P<0.01);术后24h,FE1组㊁FE2组VAS评分均明显高于CE2组和CE1组(P<0.01)(见表3)㊂2.3 5组病人不良反应发生情况比较 5组病人不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(见表4)㊂3 讨论 超前镇痛是多模式镇痛重要的一环,通过在伤害性刺激出现之前给予镇痛措施,降低中枢敏感化及外周敏感化,延长镇痛药物的常规镇痛时间,减少术后的疼痛反应和疼痛程度,是围手术期疼痛管理的常用方式[6]㊂伤害刺激导致的机体炎性改变,诱发疼痛弧传导带来的机体疼痛被认为是导致骨科手术后疼痛的重要因素,有效控制术后炎性疼痛的发生是减少术后疼痛的有效方式[7]㊂塞来昔布属于非甾体抗炎药物,通过有效抑制前列腺素合成,降低术后炎性反应和组织水肿,缓解炎性反应的伤害性感受,达到有效镇痛效果[8]㊂术前口服塞来昔布,可抑制骨科手术病人术后的神经中枢过敏化与超敏化反应,增加脊髓神经细胞激活阈值,降低疼痛阈值和阻断刺激信号在上游神经中枢的传递而发挥作用,减少术后疼痛程度[9]㊂氟比洛芬酯是氟比洛芬处理后的脂微球前体药物,属非选择性非甾体类药物,可通过抑制环氧合酶,减少前列腺素合成和创伤部位刺激性因子分泌,降低局部痛觉冲动产生和痛觉传入,有效控制术后疼痛[10]㊂本研究结果显示, FE1组㊁FE组㊁CE1组㊁CE2组病人术后1㊁3㊁6㊁12㊁24h时VAS评分均低于C组(P<0.01),提示术前氟比洛芬酯和塞来昔布超前镇痛均可降低病人术后疼痛,与上述研究[7-10]结果一致㊂表3 5组病人术后VAS评分比较(x±s;分)分组n1h3h6h12h24h FE1组61 1.32±1.03**△△ 2.08±1.12**△△ 3.09±1.23** 3.78±1.32**## 4.13±1.65##△△FE2组61 1.22±0.89**△△ 1.93±1.05**△△ 3.18±1.33** 3.54±1.14**## 4.02±1.43##△△CE1组61 2.18±0.94**## 2.99±1.32**## 2.93±0.95** 2.73±0.86** 2.85±1.37** CE2组61 1.41±085** 2.11±1.14** 2.99±1.14** 2.63±0.65** 2.71±1.14** C组61 3.48±1.52 3.89±1.43 4.38±1.18 4.37±1.08 4.46±1.52F 31.6428.4316.1630.4718.93P <0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 MS组内 1.741 1.489 1.375 1.074 2.051 q检验:与C组比较**P<0.01;与CE1组比较△△P<0.01;与CE2组比较##P<0.01 虽然超前镇痛在包括骨科手术的外科手术病人术后镇痛中的效果已经得到多数证实,但不同研究中超前镇痛的应用时机目前尚存在差异㊂任磊等[11]研究中对腰椎后路融合术病人采用塞来昔布超前镇痛时,术前3d开始口服塞来昔布,手术当日停服塞来昔布,术后给予PCIA镇痛㊂李毅中等[12]研究显示,术前2h口塞来昔布可有效抑制术后疼痛评分㊂何崎等[13]对脊柱手术病人的研究显示,术前1h给予塞来昔布超前镇痛可缓解术后1㊁6㊁12㊁24㊁48h疼痛评分㊂本课题组前期一项研究[14]显示,术前12h和术前1h服用塞来昔布超前镇痛可减轻骨科手术病人1㊁3㊁6㊁12㊁24h时疼痛评分㊂本研究综合既往报道,设计了术前3d开始口服塞来昔布及术前12h和1h服用塞来昔布两种给药时机,结果显示,CE2组术后1㊁3h时VAS评分低于CE1组(P<0.01),2组病人6㊁12㊁24h时VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),提示术前3d开始服用塞来昔布的术后短时间内镇痛效果优于术前12h 给予塞来昔布,二者均有良好的中长期镇痛效果㊂表4 5组病人不良反应发生率比较[n;百分率(%)]分组n恶心呕吐口干皮肤瘙痒头晕嗜睡总发生χ2P FE1组614(6.56)4(6.56)1(1.64)2(3.28)2(3.28)13(21.31)FE2组614(6.56)3(4.92)1(1.64)4(6.56)2(3.28)14(22.95)CE1组613(4.92)2(3.28)1(1.64)3(4.92)3(4.92)12(19.67)0.53>0.05 CE2组612(3.28)3(4.92)0(0.00)3(4.92)3(4.92)11(18.03)C组612(3.28)4(6.56)1(1.64)3(4.92)2(3.28)12(19.67) 杨禄坤等[15]研究中对下肢骨折手术病人术前15min静注氟比洛芬酯进行超前镇痛,显示超前镇痛可缓解病人1㊁2㊁4㊁8h时的VAS评分㊂何印斌等[16]对髋部骨折病人进行超前镇痛时采用术前30min静脉注射氟比洛酯,结果显示,术后48h内超前镇痛病人VAS评分均低于对照组㊂吴美娟[17]研究显示,腹腔镜下胆总管探查病人术前5min静脉注射氟比洛芬酯可减少病人术后2㊁6㊁12㊁24㊁48h 时的疼痛评分㊂本课题组前期研究[14]显示,术前15min静注氟比洛芬酯可减轻病人术后1㊁3㊁6㊁12㊁24h时的疼痛程度㊂本研究结果显示,FE1组和FE2组术后1㊁3㊁6㊁12㊁24h时差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),提示术前30min和术前15min静注氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛效果无明显差异㊂术后1㊁3h,FE1组㊁FE2组㊁CE2组VAS评分均明显低于CE1组(P<0.01);术后12h,FE1组㊁FE2组VAS评分均明显高于CE2组(P<0.01);术后24h,FE1组㊁FE2组VAS评分均明显高于CE2组和CE1组(P<0.01)㊂本研究结果同时显示,与CE1组与FE1和FE2组相比较,1h㊁3h时镇痛效果较弱,而12h和24h 时镇痛效果更佳,而CE2组则1h㊁3h时镇痛效果优于CE1组,12h和24h时镇痛效果优于FE1和FE2组,提示术前塞来昔布连续给药3d可改善术后短期和中远期镇痛效果,具有一定优势,塞来昔布和氟比洛芬酯用药时机出现对镇痛效果影响的差异考虑与以下因素有关:(1)氟比洛芬酯是包裹在脂微球里面的新型制剂,易于跨越细胞膜,加快药物吸收,药物物起效时间短,给药后5min内全部水解, 6~7min后氟比洛芬血中浓度达到最高,其半衰期约为5.8h,因此术后短期镇痛效果优于塞来昔布术前给药,术前15min和30min应用氟比洛芬酯均可快速达到血浆峰浓度;(2)塞来昔布空腹需要2~3h时达到血浆峰浓度,半衰期为8~12h其半衰弱期较长,因此术前塞来昔布给药中远期效果优于氟比洛芬酯但短期效果效果较差;(3)塞来昔布连续给药5d内可达到稳态血药浓度,术前连续给药有利于体内形成塞来昔布稳定而有效的血药浓度,因此术后短期和中远期镇痛均显示了良好效果㊂全麻苏醒阶段,受到尿管刺激㊁气管插管刺激㊁切口疼痛等影响,可引发呛咳㊁烦躁等系列反应,诱发病人血流动力学参数改变,增加心脑血管意外发生的风险,减少苏醒期躁动对降低手术风险和促进术后功能恢复具有重要意义㊂本研究结果显示,FE1㊁FE2㊁CE1㊁CE2组RS评分明显高于C组(P<0.01),但4组超前镇痛组之间未存在统计学差异,提示不同时机超前镇痛对病人拔管前躁动无显著影响㊂综上所述,本研究结果显示,不同时机超前镇痛氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛给药时机对镇痛效果无显著影响,而塞来昔布给药时机对镇痛效果存在影响,术前3d连续给予塞来昔布对术后短期和中远期镇痛效果均显示良好效果,且未观察到不良反应增加,安全性良好,值得临床推广应用㊂[参考文献][1] 贾秀眉,兰丽琴,汤礼贵.氟比洛芬酯对骨科手术超前镇痛及术后镇痛的临床疗效评价[J].中国临床药理学杂志,2016,36(2):150.[2] 孙慧芳,沈伯雄,罗海鸣.右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼在骨科手术后镇痛中的效果[J].实用临床医药杂志,2017,21(9):113.[3] 程财清,任何,施镔,等.帕瑞昔布超前镇痛联合术后硬膜外镇痛应用于髋关节置换术患者的临床观察[J].中国药房,2017,28(11):1518.[4] 蔡三英,翁迪贵,许庆山.氟比洛芬酯超前镇痛对下肢骨折患者术后舒芬太尼自控镇痛用量影响分析[J].当代医学,2017,23(10):12.[5] 王山而,杨雪萍,夏雯.塞来昔布超前再痛在骨科手术患者中的应用效果分析[J].现代实用医学,2017,29(12):1637. 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美国药典(USP)沿革及2007年版简介
美国药典(USP)沿革及2007年版简介1820年1月1日,11位医生在美国国会大厦的参议院聚会,商讨创作USP。
他们意图编出一部最佳治疗药品的汇编,给出适用的药名,并提供制剂的处方。
经过不到一年的时间,USP第一版于1820年12月15日出版。
它的前言提出,刊印药典的目的是从具有治疗效力的物质中,选择那些功能充分证实、作用明确了解的药物,并由此做出制剂,使其效力得到最大的发挥。
它也要给采用的各种药物提出一个合适而确切的名称,以防止医师与药师间交流的麻烦与不确定性。
这一要求在今天的药典中仍然如此。
随着时间的推移,USP的性质从处方汇编改变为药品标准的汇编。
它的出版周期也改变了,从1840年到1942年,每10年一版;1942到2000年,每5年一版;从2002年开始每年一版。
1888年,美国药学会出版了第一部国家处方集,名称叫非法定制剂的国家处方集,简称NF。
USP和NF是被1906年美国食品药品法和1938年的食品药品和化妆品法所认可的。
1975年USP与NF合并出版,叫USP-NF。
现在,USP根据分析和计量科学以及其他相关学科的进展,继续发展USP-NF成为提供药品标准的汇编。
USP30版与NF25版于2007年5月1日实施。
它收载了药物、生物制品、食品增补剂和赋形剂的科学标准,可用于生产各种剂型和成品。
USP30-NF25各论中所提供的所有物品(除极少数外)在美国都是法定上市的或者含在法定上市的物品中。
在USP-NP的各论中,一个物质(原料)或制品(制剂)列有该物品的定义、包装、储存、其他项以及技术要求。
技术要求包括一系列的常用试验(性状、鉴别、杂质、含量测定)和特殊试验,每项试验用一种或多种分析方法及其判定标准。
组分是指药物或赋形剂。
赋形剂是指有意加入到剂型的组方中,除了活性物质以外的任何成分,但它不一定是无活力的。
药物和赋形剂可以是合成的、半合成的、来自自然界的或用重组技术生产的。
需要效价测定的大分子和混合物通常叫做生物制品或生物技术物品。
2007年美国大学前100名排名
2007年美国大学前100名排名1 Princeton University 普林斯顿大学(新泽西州)《纽约时报大学指南》在介绍这所五星大学时说,普林斯顿大学以数学和哲学遐迩知名,其余相当好的学科,包括英文、政治、物理、天体物理、历史、古典文学、经济、美术史、音乐、德文和法文。
工程学方面,化学工程、机械工程和航天工程最佳。
2 Harvard University 哈佛大学(麻萨诸塞州)哈佛大学本科生课程中的生物、化学、地质学、数学、物理、经济学、英文、历史、政治科学、社会学、心理学在全美排名前5名。
政府研究(Government Studies)、经济(Economics)和社会研究(Social Studies)更为突出。
3 Yale University 耶鲁大学(康乃缔克州)最强的学科是社会科学、人文科学以及生命科学4 California Institute of Technology 加省理工学院(加州)加州理工最著名的学科,首推物理,其次是工程、化学、生物、天文学和地质学。
5 Stanford University 斯坦福大学(加州)斯坦福大学企业管理研究所和法律学院在美国数一数二,法学院在美国法学院排名中也一直位于前列。
美国最高法院的9个大法官,有6个是从斯坦福大学的法学院毕业的。
另外,它的英语、心理学、政治和历史系,都非常优秀。
6 Massachusetts Insttute of Technology 麻省理工学院(麻萨诸塞州)该大学的工程系是最知名、最多人申请人读和最“难读”的学系,并曾一连七届获得美国工科研究生课程冠军,其中以电子工程专业名气最响,紧跟其后的是机械工程。
7 Duke University 杜克大学(北卡罗来纳州)杜克大学本科生课程最好的学科为政治学、公共政策、历史和化学,工程系也很不错,特别是电子工程和生物医学工程更为其强项。
8 Dartmouth College 达特矛斯学院(新罕布什尔州)9 Columbia University 哥伦比亚大学(纽约州)新闻系,法学院10 University of Chicago 芝加哥大学(伊里诺州)经济、物理专业尤其出色11 12 Cornell University 康奈尔大学(纽约州)旅馆管理专业全美首屈一指13 Washington University at St Lous 圣路易斯华盛顿大学(密苏里州)医学院、商学院14 Northwestern University 西北大学(伊里诺州)西北大学的新闻学院、文化艺术和工程学院实力最强15 Brown University 布朗大学(罗德岛州)最著名的科系为生物科学、生物、心理学、历史16 Johns Hopkins University 约翰霍普金斯大学(马里兰州)在霍普金斯,医学系是极有魅力的专业。
SCI收录的期刊——生物材料学科
2005-2008年8月中国生物材料研究论文主要发表在COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES 《胶体与表面,B辑:生物界面》236篇,BIOMATERIALS 《生物材料》216篇,JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 《材料科学杂志:医用材料》174篇(该期刊中国作者发文排第一位),JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A 《生物医学材料研究杂志A辑》194篇, JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS 《生物医学材料研究杂志B辑:应用生物材料》94篇。
希望该文能对大家的投稿带来一定的帮助。
SCI收录生物材料22种期刊如下:
1. ACTA BIOMATERIALIA 《生物材料学报》荷兰
2. ARTIFICIAL CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 《人造细胞、血液替代品和生物技术》美国
3. BIO-MEDICAL MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING 《生物医学材料与工程》荷兰
9. COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES 《胶体与表面,B辑:生物界面》荷兰
10. DENTAL MATERIALS 《牙科材料》英国
11. DENTAL MATERIALS JOURNAL 《牙科材料杂志》日本
前列腺癌新辅助化疗进展
前列腺癌新辅助化疗进展发布时间:2021-09-07T05:44:11.471Z 来源:《科学与技术》2021年5月第13期作者:梁鹏陈飞飞田志崇胡俊超[导读] 根治性前列腺切除术(RP)是前列腺癌患者的重要治疗手段,梁鹏陈飞飞田志崇胡俊超华北理工大学附属医院河北省唐山市 063000摘要:根治性前列腺切除术(RP)是前列腺癌患者的重要治疗手段,但是前列腺患者术前分期困难重重,为了使得更多病人能在RP中获益,新辅助治疗的地位也在越来越高。
其中,以多西他赛为基础的新辅助化疗手段值得我们关注。
关键词:前列腺癌;根治性前列腺切除术(RP);新辅助治疗;新辅助化疗;多西他赛前列腺癌是最常被诊断出的癌症之一,由于与发达国家相比,我国早期发现和筛查相关的诊断活动较差,故前列腺癌并不是我们诊断最常见的癌症类型,但可能包括逐步实施前列腺特异性抗原筛查和改进的活检技术又或日益西化的生活方式的影响,前列腺癌在我国的发病率及病死率正逐步上升【1】。
总体而言,高危和局部进展期的前列腺癌是威胁患者生命的主要原因,这部分患者在初诊时比例可达20%-30%【2】。
前列腺癌根治性切除术是低危局限性前列腺癌患者的最佳治疗方式,随着近些年来的研究,指南逐渐将手术适应症放宽到中-低危前列腺癌,甚至于已有研究者在转移性前列腺癌中实施包括手术在内的综合性治疗。
但随之而来的,是手术失败、放疗失败、生化复发率高等问题【3,4】,故许多学者开始对前列腺癌的新辅助治疗进行了探索。
前列腺癌新辅助包括辅助内分泌治疗(neoad-juvanthormonaltherapy,NHT)、新辅助化疗(neoadjuvantchemotherapy,NCT)以及两者的结合,其中NHT研究占了大多数。
然而,目前欧洲泌尿外科学会的指南不推荐在根治性切除术前进行新辅助内分泌治疗(证据等级别strong),美国国家综合癌症网络也不建议患者接受除临床试验以外的新辅助内分泌治疗。
biomedical journal of scientific 影响因子
biomedical journal of scientific 影响因子摘要:1.生物医学科学杂志简介2.影响因子的定义和作用3.生物医学科学杂志的影响因子趋势4.影响因子与学术成果的关系5.如何提高生物医学科学杂志的影响因子正文:生物医学科学杂志(Biomedical Journal of Scientific Research)是一本关注生物医学领域的专业学术期刊,旨在发表研究生物医学科学领域各个方面的新发现、新技术和新观点的高质量论文。
该杂志的影响因子是衡量其学术影响力的重要指标,对于研究人员、作者和读者来说具有重要意义。
影响因子(Impact Factor,简称IF)是汤姆逊路透(Thomson Reuters)公司推出的一种衡量学术期刊影响力的指标,其计算方法是:在某一年度内,某期刊被引用次数与该期刊在前两年发表的文章总数之比。
影响因子可以用来评估期刊的质量、学术价值和影响力,对于作者来说,选择在影响因子较高的期刊上发表论文可以提高其研究成果的认可度;对于读者来说,阅读这些论文可以了解领域内的最新研究动态。
近年来,生物医学科学杂志的影响因子呈现逐年上升的趋势。
这一趋势表明,该杂志在生物医学领域的学术影响力不断提高,得到了研究者和读者的广泛关注和认可。
然而,影响因子并非唯一的评价标准,还需结合其他指标如引文半衰期、期刊被引用总次数等来全面评估期刊的质量。
影响因子与学术成果的关系密切相关。
一般来说,影响因子较高的期刊所发表的论文具有较高的学术价值和创新性。
这是因为这些期刊的审稿过程严格,对论文的质量要求较高,从而保证了发表的论文具有较高的可靠性和影响力。
然而,这并不意味着影响因子低的期刊就没有优秀的学术成果。
实际上,许多影响因子较低的期刊也可能发表高质量的研究论文,只是这些论文在短期内没有被大量引用。
为了提高生物医学科学杂志的影响因子,可以从以下几个方面着手:1.提高稿件质量:严格把控审稿流程,确保发表的论文质量优秀,从而增加被引用的次数。
工程学概论1 概述
yli2007us@ • 从历史上看,生命科学和工程学在概念和方法上相差很大, 因此没有什么联系。 • 工程学是建立在基础自然科学 (主要是物理学,也涉及到化 学和生物学等)原理基础上的应用技术科学;而医学是整个 生命科学 (也可看作是广义的生物科学 )中以实际应用 (对疾 病的预防、诊断和治疗)为主的一个部门,它既不同于一般 的基础自然科学,也不同于一般的工程技术科学,是一门 独立的科学。 • 生物医学工程学则是一门现代工程技术和生命科学 (特别是 医学)相结合的高度综合性的生物应用技术科学。就是说, 它是综合运用工程学的理论和方法,深入研究、解释、定 义和解决生物医学上有关问题的一门科学。与此相关的医 学工程学是用现代工程技术研究解决医学问题的一门新兴 边缘学科。其中以工程技术为临床服务的部分又称为临床 工程学。从广义上讲,生物医学工程包括了医学工程。
四、我校生物医学工程专业 主要课程
22
yli2007us@
主要课程
• 人文社科类课程主要包括英语,思想道德修养与法律基础, 中国近代史纲要,马克思主义基本原理,毛、邓、三思想 概论。 • 体育与健康类课程包括体育,心理、健康选修课。 • 数学与自然科学类课程主要包括高等数学,工程数学含线 性代数、概率论与数理统计、复变函数与积分变换等) , 普通物理学,普通物理学实验,计算机文化基础,软件技 术基础等。
占总学时比例 (%)
学 分
17.5 36.5 53 10 33.5
学 时 336
602 868 160
必修课
学科基础课 专业模块课 实践教学环节
91.14
选修课
专业任选课 创新与拓展类 人文社科类
8 4 4 180.5
128 64 64 2446
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X-Ray of a pregnant woman
A patient is receiving a CT scan for cancer. Outside of the scanning room is an imaging computer that reveals a 3D image of the body's interior.
Medical Imaging
Medical physics
Medical chemistry Biomedicine Medical biology Other natural science
Radiotherapy Various forms of therapy
Villi in sபைடு நூலகம்all intestine (小肠绒毛)
Medical Ultrasound instrument
A 3-D picture of the fetus in his mother‟s uterus
Clone sheep
Genetic engineering Genetic engineering also called genetic modification, is the direct human manipulation of an organism's genetic material in a way that does not occur under natural conditions.
Biomedical science is the term for the investigations carried out by biomedical scientists on samples of tissue and body fluids to diagnose disease and monitor the treatment of patients.
Tissue engineering
Baby-skin forever
Artificial joint
Artificial organ An artificial organ is a man-made device that is integrated into a human to replace a natural organ for the purpose of restoring a specific function. So the patient may return to as normal as possible.
Have you ever watched this film?
200-years-old man
Tissue regeneration
In biology, an organism is said to regenerate a lost or damaged part if the part regrows so that the original function is restored
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Colon cancer cells
The internal structure of the AIDS virus particle
Red “blanket” of blood cells(血细胞红地毯)
Medical Imaging
Diagnostic radiology
Ultrasound
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Many others…
X-rays
Computed Tomography
fluoroscopy
intravascular ultrasound
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Print of Wilhelm Roentgen‟s first "medical" X-ray, of his wife's hand, taken on 22 December 1895
It isn‟t impossible with genetic engineering that over 10K kilogram crops per acre!
Tissue engineering as a brand-new concept was put forward in the 1980s.The main idea is to construct a biologically active implant in vitro, and then implant it into our bodies to repair tissue defects and replace the function of our organs .
„Mr. Regeneration‟ is staring at you!!!
People suffering from severe periodontitis (牙周炎) can successfully regenerate periodontal tissue with regeneration guide film.
Head CT scan slice – a modern application of Xrays
MR image of the knee
As the MRI used the special property of nuclei, it has the highest pixels and clearest picture by now. Magnetic resonance imaging is a relatively new technology. The first MR image was published in 1973.