U校园新视野大学英语1读写教程答案(Unit8 )

U校园新视野大学英语1读写教程答案
Unit 8 Friendship across gender and border
Section A
8-2 Text A: Gender variables in friendship: Contradiction or not? Pre-reading activities
参考：I prefer to have friends who can share my joy and sadness. I'm a girl. Girls like to share their secrets with each other, because this can bring them closer. That's why I have far more female friends than male friends. I find it easier to share my feelings with my girl friends because I find they are sensitive to my feelings. I have only a few male friends and they seldom share their feelings with me. However, when I know they have a problem, I try to talk with them and share their feelings. Generally speaking, I think female friends are much closer and more emotionally attached while male friends enjoy doing activities together.
As a boy, I may be different from you when I choose and treat a friend. Unlike you, I like to make friends with people who can share my life attitude. I believe friendship should be based on the compatibility of outlook. As long as we share the same outlook on life, I don't care if my friend is male or female. That's why I have approximately the same number of female friends
and male friends. Of course, just as you treat your male friends and female friends differently, I also treat them in a different way. As a boy, I do many activities with my male friends but talk a lot with my female friends. I love my friends and I'm happy to help them, male or female. When a female friend has a personal problem, I'd be happy to help her make a decision as I do to my male friends. So in general, I think there is not much difference between male friendship and female friendship. Reading comprehension
Reading comprehension-1
1) His female friends look straight into his eyes, sensitive to his feelings, and listen to him with deliberate attention.
2) Because he and his male friends don't talk much; instead, they show their friendship by what they do.
3) They expressed their feelings in actions rather than in words.
4) He realized how much he loved Jessica and what an irreplaceable friend she was.
5) With women, he could be open, emotionally honest, and transparent while with men, he couldn't express his caring feelings no matter how deep the friendship was.
6) In terms of nature, men and women are born with very different genetic tendencies. In terms of nurture, these genetic
tendencies are further encouraged by society as either "masculine" or "feminine".
7) Men tend to be more restrained with emotional expressions than women.
8) Because he was assured that he was a "normal guy" and it was fine for him to treat his female friends and male friends in different ways.
Reading comprehension-2
1) I usually don't choose a friend. They come to me. In the beginning, they may just be my schoolmates or colleagues. However, once we discover that we share some values or beliefs, we become friends. I value merits such as honesty, truthfulness, generosity, humor, faithfulness, and most important of all, willingness to help others. I expect my friends to have some of these virtues, if not all. This way I can learn from them and improve my own personal qualities.
2) Yes, they can be true friends as long as the older generation and the younger generation try their best to understand each other. For example, I am in my 20s, but I have made some good friends with people in their 50s or 60s. These older friends try their best to put themselves in the shoes of younger people, and they are more tolerant and considerate. For me, I respect
them as they have much more experience and advice to offer. I'm also happy to provide my senior friends with novel ideas. They appreciate it a lot. That's how our friendship develops.
It is hard for people of different generations to become true friends. While they may share some hobbies or interests, they often don't have much for conversation due to different backgrounds and life experiences. Another problem is that they don't have the same circle of friends or peers. Most important of all, they may not share the same values and outlooks on life. Therefore, true friends are rare between generations with a big age gap.
3) Men and women differ a lot in their behavior and communication styles. While their physical differences play a basic role, there are other factors which can cause such differences. The following are some examples:
They have different social images and roles;
They share different values of life; and
They have different emotional and rational processes.
4) Men and women have different communication styles, and each style is advantageous in its own way. Women like to speak out how they feel. Their direct way of communication may help them start a friendship more easily. For women,
communication is more efficient, especially in dealing with difficult situations. In comparison, men tend to say less but do more for their friends. It may take a longer time for men to make friends with others. But once they become friends, the friendship will be more stable because it is based on actions and mutual trust.
5) Conflicts may occur even between good friends and we need to handle them strategically. First, I would think about the cause of the problem and see if I have made any mistake on my part. Second, I would make a friendly gesture to my friend, such as making a phone call or sending an email to say hello or apologize. Third, if the cold war lasts, I would make a further friendly move in person, such as inviting my friend to have a cup of coffee or buying my friend a gift to show how much I care about him or her.
8-3 Text A: Language focus
Words in use
1. sequence
2. relief
3. retreated
4. restrain
5. inevitably
6. tendency
7. deliberate
8. process
9. evident
10. rigid
Word building: Practice Word building: Practice-1
1) presently
2) costly
3) deadly
4) approximate
5) namely
6) scarce
7) bare
8) edit
9) generator
10) survive
Word building: Practice-2
1. approximate
2. deadly
3. presently
4. costly
5. generator
6. bare
7. survive
8. editing
9. namely
10. scarce Banked cloze
1) companionship
2) scared
3) determined
4) transformed
5) uttered
6) relief
7) focused
8) stretched
9) nurtured
10) steered Expressions in use
1) in
2) terms
3) pulled away
4) to
5) relief
6) be born with
7) in a new light
8) on a mission
9) In comparison
10) make up for
11) spilled out
12) At the time
8-4 Structure analysis & writing
Structure analysis: Practice
1) A
2) B
3) B
4) B
5) B
6) C
Structured writing: Practice
参考：College life and high school life differ in many ways. High school offers fundamental courses such as math, physics and English, whereas college offers more specialized courses, most of which are related to students' majors. In high school, all classes are arranged by the school, so students just follow a
fixed schedule; in contrast, college students can choose the courses in which they are interested and arrange their own schedule, so their schedule is more flexible. Moreover, high school students acquire knowledge and skills mainly through teacher's instructions. In contrast, besides attending lectures, college students are expected to learn on their own, and develop critical thinking.
8-5 Translation
Translation
Translation-1
参考：作为世界上唯一一个真正具有普遍性的世界组织，联合国已经成为处理超越国界、而且任何一个国家都无法独立解决的问题的首要论坛。

联合国最初的宗旨是维护和平、保护人权、建立国际公平正义的框架以及促进经济和社会进步。

近年来，联合国又面临着新的挑战，诸如气候变化、国际恐怖主义和艾滋病等。

现在，解决争端及维护和平仍然是联合国最主要的任务。

除此之外，联合国及其专门机构还致力于各种旨在改进世界人民生活的活动，从赈灾到教育和妇女进步，再到原子能的和平使用。

联合国及其专门机构推动世界成为一个更加友好、更加宜居的地方，为全世界人民带来了福祉。

Translation-2
参考：Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has persisted in the independent foreign policy of peace, and made tremendous progress in foreign affairs. By 2011, China had established diplomatic relations with 172 countries. Over recent years, with the enhancement of its comprehensive national strength, China has been playing an increasingly important role in international affairs, and China's international status has been further enhanced. In regional affairs, China actively promotes all kinds of regional cooperation. It has made important contributions in maintaining regional peace and promoting regional development. China's diplomacy will hold high the banner of "peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit". On the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and through all-round and friendly cooperation with various countries, China will make unremitting efforts to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.
Section B
8-6 Reading skills
Practice
1) Friendship in the US.
2) To describe how American friends treat each other.
3) For Americans, a friendship may be superficial, casual, situational or deep and enduring
4) Friendship in Germany.
5) To describe the characteristics of German friendship.
6) In Germany, friendship is much more a matter of feeling and affection.
8-7 Text B: Similarities and differences: Friendship across cultures
Reading comprehension
Reading comprehension-1
1) A
2) A
3) D
4) A
5) B
6) B
7) C
8) D
Reading comprehension-2
1) Unlike French people, Chinese people make cross-gender friends as well as friends of the same sex. Chinese people tend to know almost everything about their friends, including their
family, work, and hobbies.
Germans base their friendship mainly on affection while English people on shared activity. In comparison, the friendship of Chinese people can be built on both. Sometimes, it may be built on mutual interests; Chinese people may ask their friends to help with their business or work.
Chinese people and English people are similar in many ways when making friends. But unlike English people who develop friendships outside the family, many Chinese people have old family friends, who are actually very close and like family members.
2) According to my experience, it is not easy to make friends with foreign people, especially in the beginning. First, they may not share the same values due to cultural differences. Second, they may like different food and sports as they come from different ethnic groups or grow up in different parts of the world. Third, they may have difficulties in communication as they speak different languages. All these may be barriers to making friends with people from other countries.
No, I have no difficulty in making friends with people from other countries. No matter where people come from, the desire for friendship is the same. Besides, people from different
countries are willing to share the best part of their culture. And by talking to people from different cultures, you can always learn something new. This way, it is much easier to strike a conversation and explore interesting topics together.
3) I like the seemingly casual and friendly way Americans treat their friends. For one thing, friendship is to help make our leisure life more colorful and relaxing. There are countless people in this world, but we can encounter only a limited number. So it would be nice to be friendly to each other and make each other happy. For another, intimate friendship develops from casual friendship. We should first reach out to offer care and support to a potential friend, and then over time we may build a deeper friendship.
I don't like the seemingly casual way in which Americans treat their friends. First, friendship means willingness to listen to, care about, and help each other. If friends treat each other in a casual manner, why did they become friends in the first place? Second, the casual way in which Americans treat their friends may be misleading. Not everyone can become true friends. True friends will have mutual understanding and will do what is best for each other. When you fail to do what you are expected as a friend, your friends may feel disappointed or even hurt. So we'd
better take friendship seriously.
4) Yes, I like to maintain "distinct boundaries" for friendship. Everybody has some privacy or secrets which they don't want to share with other people, not even with their friends. Sometimes friendship doesn't last forever, so the boundaries may protect you from being hurt if the relation ends one day. Besides, friendship, in my view, should focus on sharing feelings and hobbies instead of work problems or family matters. If you ask your friends to share your problems and burdens, it will eventually hurt your friendship.
I don't like the idea of friendship with "distinct boundaries". First, true friends should trust each other and there is nothing they cannot share. For example, if you know each other's family, the two families can become friends too. This will in turn strengthen your friendship. Second, "A friend in need is a friend indeed". If you have a problem at work, you can share it with your friends, and they may be happy to help. Third, the more you share with your friends, the more you will have in common. "Distinct boundaries" will only undermine your relationship.
5) There are many ways to strengthen friendship. For example, you can:
see your friends more often and talk to them whenever
possible;
give them gifts on special occasions to show that you care about them;
be there for help in times of difficulty so that they can always have someone to count on;
invite them to join you for outdoor activities and share the fun experience; and
call them or send them messages regularly to keep each other updated.
8-8 Text B: Language focus
Words in use
1) compatible
2) integrated
3) diverse
4) constitute
5) significance
6) guarantee
7) complicated
8) keen
9) enhance
10) extend
Expressions in use
1) a range of
2) back and forth
3) showered with
4) debt of gratitude,debt of thanks
5) feel at home,be at home
6) come into being
7) apply to
8) A lack of
Sentence structure
Sentence structure-1
1) Much to my surprise
2) To the general manager's delight
3) Much to my cousin's disappointment
Sentence structure-2
1) not so much to make an apology as to defend himself
2) not so much on luck as on hard work
3) not so much a discussion as a long speech by herself 8-9 Collocation
Practice
1) value
2) friendship
3) make
4) friends
5) begin
6) friendship
7) enduring
8) friendship
9) shared
10) activities
11) emotional
12) expressions
13) emotional
14) feelings
15) emotionally
16) honest
17) enhance
18) friendship
19) distinct
20) boundaries
21) situational
22) friendship
23) one-to-one
24) relationship
25) cross-gender
26) friendships
27) keen
28) awareness
29) specialized
30) interests
31) private
32) relationships。