新高考适用2023版高考英语二轮总复习第1部分阅读能力突破篇专题2阅读七选五第1讲根据设题位置解题

第一部分专题二第1讲
A
(2022·河北省衡水市高考二模)
For those of you who have decided to study in colleges overseas, itʼs time to choose your major.Thereʼs no standard rule for how to decide on a major.__1__
●Start with your interests.
Brainstorming can be helpful.Make a list of everything youʼre passionate (热情的) about.__2__ Then, review your list and pick out a few things that could be related to different courses.
●Think about your abilities.
Next, make a list of your skills.__3__ Attending some academic programmes or off-campus activities and taking internships (实习) are good ways to both explore your interests and gain skills.
●__4__
You might not know exactly what you want to do professionally, but you may have a more general goal of doing work that helps people, for example.Additionally, you may also want to compare salaries for various careers to see what the future would be like if you had that career.
●Get insight from professionals.
You might have friends or family members who can share their experience of choosing a major.__5__ They will have consultants and resources that you can use to gain a better understanding of the options available to you.
A．Itʼs important to remember that your major isnʼt a direct route to a future career.
B．However, here are some ways to narrow it down.
C．Consider your career outlook.
D．Compare the two lists to see where they overlap.
E．Knowing what really engages you is important when selecting a major.
F．Your passions will help present your potential choices for subjects to study.
G．Meanwhile, you could also turn to some training schools for overseas studies.
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。

文章主要讲述了几条关于出国留学如何选择适合自己的专业的方法建议。

1．B 段尾题。

设空句在第一段末尾，有承上启下的作用。

根据上文“Thereʼs no standard rule for how to decide on a major.(选择专业没有标准的规则。

)”可知，主题为“选择专业”，且下文各段小标题“Start with your interests.(从你的兴趣开始。

)”，“Think about your abilities.(想想你的能力。

)”则提及了选择专业的方法，因此可推知，设空句要有转折含义，呼应话题“选择专业”，且对下文有总领作用。

选项B“However, here are some ways to narrow it down.(然而，这里有一些缩小范围的方法。

)”符合语境，“some ways”对应下文各方法，“it”代指上文的“to decide on a major”。

故选B。

2．F 段中题。

根据上文“Make a list of everything youʼre passionate (热情的) about.(列出你热爱的一切。

)”可知，要列举出自己热爱的事情，因此可推知，设空紧跟该句之后，应进一步解释列举热爱事物的原因，以更具有说服力。

选项F“Your passions will help present your potential choices for subjects to study.(你热衷的爱好或活动将有助于展示你对学习科目的潜在选择。

)”符合语境，讲述了热爱的事情有助于选择专业，且“passions”与上文“passionate”为同根词复现原则。

故选F。

3．D 段中题。

根据上文“Next, make a list of your skills.(接下来，列出你的技能。

)”可知，要做一个关于自身能力的列表，下文“Attending some academic programmes or off-campus activities and taking internships (实习) are good ways to both explore your interests and gain skills.(参加一些学术课程或校外活动以及实习都是探索兴趣和获得技能的好方法。

)”则提及了“探索兴趣和获得技能”，因此可推知，设空句应再次提及兴趣列表。

选项D“Compare the two lists to see where they overlap.(比较这两个列表，看看它们在哪里重叠。

)”符合语境，其中“the two lists”指代上文的“兴趣列表”和“技能列表”。

故选D。

4．C 小标题。

根据下文“Additionally, you may also want to compare salaries for various careers to see what the future would be like if you had that career.(此外，你可能还想比较不同职业的薪水，看看如果你有这个职业，未来会是什么样子。

)”可知，该部分的核心话题是“未来的职业”，设空处作为该部分小标题，呼应主题。

选项C“Consider your career outlook.(考虑一下你的职业前景。

)”符合语境，提出了话题，“career outlook(职业前景)”与段落中的细节内容“salaries”相呼应。

故选C。

5．G 段中题。

根据小标题“Get insight from professionals.(从专业人士那里获得见解。

)”可知，该段强调在选择专业时可以咨询专业人士，选项G“Meanwhile, you could also turn to some training schools for overseas studies.(同时，你也可以求助于一些海外学习培训学校。

)”符合语境，其中提及的“some training schools for overseas studies”为专业人士，“meanwhile”与上文构成并列递进关系。

故选G。

B
(2022·山东省泰安市高三一模)
When youʼre giving a speech to an audience, there isnʼt a one-stop-shop approach that will address every individual.__1__ You need to consider carefully the content at the planning stage of your speech.
__2__ larger audiences often have little or no audience participation, so you need to ensure that your speech fills the time slot(空档) allocated.To attain the attention of a larger audience, your tone and body language is also more important, and maintaining eye contact with as many individuals is vital.__3__ This means youʼll need to prepare enough material to fill the time slot if needed, but allow for questions or comments throughout while still delivering your message in the time you have.
The second hurdle to overcome is that you naturally have lots of different types of people in the room.__4__ As a general rule, there are 4 different ways people learn: visual, auditory, reading and writing and kinaesthetic.Including elements of each learning style will help to engage more of your audience, and assist in connecting with different audiences.
Another way youʼll need to adapt your speech is whether you are addressing other experts in the same field, or if you are talking to beginners or an audience with limited knowledge.Targeting these two types of audience will be a bigger and more difficult task.__5__ Trying to target both experts and beginners with the same speech could alienate(疏远) both parties and result in the loss of engagement completely.
A．They learn and take in information in many different ways.
B．You are talking to a particular age group, gender or profession.
C．The most effective way is to create two versions of your speech.
D．Audiences, large or small, are complex and have different requirements.
E．Adapting your speech based on the audience size is your first action-point.
F．No matter how much you prepare, you may find you are losing audience engagement.
G．For smaller audiences they have more opportunity to be more conversational and relaxed.
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了发表演讲没有一劳永逸的方法，需要根据听众的大小或者类型来调整演讲内容。

1．D 段中题。

上文“When youʼre giving a speech to an audience, there isnʼt a one-stop-shop approach that will address every individual.(当你向听众发表演讲时，没有一种一站式的方法可以针对每个人。

)”说明发表演讲时，没有一个通用的方法可以适用于每一个人，所以空处应表示观众是不同的，要求也不尽相同，D项“听众，无论大小，都
很复杂，有不同的要求。

”符合题意。

故选D。

2．E段首题。

下文“Larger audiences often have little or no audience participation, so you need to ensure that your speech fills the time slot(空档) allocated.(较大的听众通常很少或根本没有听众参与，因此您需要确保您的演讲占满时间段分配。

)”说明，听众较大的时候，听众参与少，应该调整演讲占满时间段，E项中“the audience size”是关键词，根据听众大小调整演讲，E项“根据听众大小调整演讲是你的第一个行动点。

”符合题意。

故选E。

3．G 段中题。

下文“This means youʼll need to prepare enough material to fill the time slot if needed, but allow for questions or comments throughout while still delivering your message in the time you have.(这意味着如果需要，你需要准备足够的材料来填补这段时间，但是在你所拥有的时间中传递信息的同时，要允许问题或评论。

)”说明，你需要准备材料填补时间，并应对听众可能的提问或者评论，G项“对于较小的观众，他们有更多的机会进行更多的交谈和放松。

”符合题意。

故选G。

4．A 段中题。

下文“As a general rule, there are 4 different ways people learn(一般来说，有四种不同的学习方式)”说明，听众会有不同的学习方式，A项“他们以许多不同的方式学习和吸收信息。

”符合题意。

故选A。

5．C 段中题。

上文“Targeting these two types of audience will be a bigger and more difficult task.(针对这两类受众将是一项更大、更困难的任务。

)”说明，针对初学者和专家这两类受众进行演讲是困难的，以及下文“Trying to target both experts and beginners with the same speech could alienate(疏远) both parties and result in the loss of engagement completely.(试图用同一个演讲同时针对专家和初学者可能会疏远这两类听众，导致完全失去参与。

)”说明，用同样的语言对待两种类型受众是不可行的，所以空处应说明应对这两类受众的方式，C项“最有效的方法是为你的演讲创建两个版本。

”符合题意。

故选C。

C
(2022·福建省莆田市高中毕业班第三次模拟)
Sure, alcohol does give you a sense of happiness, and you may feel like all the problems of the world have just disappeared.__1__ How long can you escape from the real-life problems and ignore them as if they donʼt exist? Some experts list a few reasons why you should quit alcohol.
__2__
Many studies show the health benefits of drinking alcohol.However, heavy drinking can have harmful effects on your body and brain, leading to certain diseases such as heart disease or diabetes in later life stages.__3__ Once you quit drinking, your
body starts repairing itself.As a result, you start feeling better and more content.Because the body isnʼt affected by alcohol, you save more energy to focus on things.Above all, your brain and body can function at its total capacity once again.
You would say goodbye to hangovers (宿醉)
The worst part about getting drunk is the hangover.__4__ Having headaches, feeling sick, and drained all morning long...It makes you think, “why did I drink so much last night？” But on the contrary to this whole experience, thereʼs one thing that stands out: waking up refreshed with a fantastic day ahead of us instead of having woken up sick from drinking too much alcohol.
No guilt over drinking, no more apologizing
Whether you notice or not, your loved ones must have expressed concern over your drinking habit.Do you feel guilty each time you do it and promise yourself to quit but canʼt resist? Know that being free from alcohol can be highly liberating and powerful.If you are struggling to stop on your own, know that there is no shame in seeking treatment and help.The results will be tremendous, and your life will change for good.It might not seem easy to quit, but everything has a starting point.__5__ A．Itʼs a killer!
B．But is it a permanent solution?
C．But there is good news for you.
D．You would start feeling better.
E．You would save quite a sum of fortune.
F．Has it been long since you felt this way?
G．Start today and liberate yourself from the guilt.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是戒酒的几条理由。

1．B 段中题。

根据上文“Sure, alcohol does give you a sense of happiness, and you may feel like all the problems of the world have just disappeared.(当然，酒精确实会给你一种幸福感，你可能会觉得世界上所有的问题都消失了。

)”及下文“How long can you escape from the real-life problems and ignore them as if they donʼt exist？(你能逃避现实生活中的问题，假装它们不存在一样忽视它们多久？)”可知，空格处表示靠喝酒来逃避问题不是长久的解决办法，B选项“But is it a permanent solution？(但这是一个永久的解决方案吗？)”对喝酒是否是一个长久的解决办法提出疑问，起着承上启下的作用，符合语境，故选B。

2．D 小标题。

由下文“Once you quit drinking, your body starts repairing itself.As a result, you start feeling better and more content.(一旦你戒了酒，你的身体就开始
自我修复。

因此，你开始感觉更好，更满足。

)”可知，本段主要讲的是戒酒可以让你感觉更好，D选项“You would start feeling better.(你会开始感觉好些。

)”概括了本段的主题，可作为小标题，故选D。

3．C 段中题。

根据上文“However, heavy drinking can have harmful effects on your body and brain, leading to certain diseases such as heart disease or diabetes in later life stages.(然而，大量饮酒会对你的身体和大脑产生有害影响，导致某些疾病，如在以后的生活阶段的心脏病或糖尿病。

)”及下文“Once you quit drinking, your body starts repairing itself.As a result, you start feeling better and more content.(一旦你戒了酒，你的身体就开始自我修复。

因此，你开始感觉更好，更满足。

)”可知，C选项“But there is good news for you.(但有好消息告诉你。

)”引出后面的戒酒可以让人感觉更好这个好消息，可起到承上启下的作用，故选C。

4．A 段中题。

根据上文“The worst part about getting drunk is the hangover.(醉酒最糟糕的部分是宿醉。

)”及下文“Having headaches, feeling sick, and draine d all morning long(头痛，恶心，整个早上都精疲力竭)”可知，空格处引出下文的宿醉的坏处，A 选项“Itʼs a killer！(这是一个杀手！)”说明了宿醉是有坏处的，引出下文具体的坏处，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选A。

5．G 段尾题。

根据上文“It might not seem easy to quit, but everything has a starting point.(戒酒似乎不容易，但每件事都有一个起点。

)”可知，空格处应劝人开始戒酒，G选项“Start today and liberate yourself from the guilt.(从今天开始，把自己从内疚中解放出来。

)”鼓励人开始戒酒，承接了上文的内容，符合语境，故选G。

D
(2022·江苏省南通高考四模)
As long as you live, you have an opportunity to change and pursue your lifeʼs purpose.When your purpose is to help others, you seek to focus on what you want to create rather than always focus on problems.This is called generativity—a concern for people besides self and family.__1__ Studies suggest that helping others can increase your happiness and improve your health.
When youʼre generative, you donʼt let the little ups and downs of life get to you.__2__ According to psychologist Krauss Whitbourne, putting others before yourself is a hidden superpower.And the most generative people have better long-term well-being than people who focus purely on their own happiness.
According to a 2007 AmeriCorps study, volunteering provides not just social benefits, but individual health benefits as well.__3__ Those who volunteer have lower death rates, greater functional ability, and lower rates of depression later in life
than those who do not volunteer.
Perhaps helping others rather than focusing purely on our own well-being benefits us because the goal of volunteering may be closer to our hearts and our values than the job we have in the everyday world.__4__ Benefiting from a sense of purpose can come from supporting your family and friends or mentoring someone.To gain the benefits of helping others, you donʼt need to save the world, just improve your little corner of it.
__5__ Without it, you canʼt be wholly satisfied or at peace.Your life is a corner of the universe, and by improving that corner through everything you touch, you change everything.
A．The benefits of generativity are wide-reaching.
B．You donʼt have to do something huge to be of service.
C．Itʼs never too late to do what you can to make others happy.
D．Instead, you focus on something higher and more meaningful.
E．There is a strong relationship between volunteering and health.
F．Generativity is part of feeling fully yourself and living a full life.
G．When you help others, you seek to focus on what you want to create.
【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。

主要通过对帮助他人的好处、意义等方面的相关论述，呼吁大众帮助他人。

1．A 段中题。

根据空前“This is called generativity—a concern for people besides self and family.(这就叫做慷慨，除了自我和家庭之外，人们还关心的一个问题。

)”及空后“Studies suggest that helpi ng others can increase your happiness and improve your health.(研究表明，帮助其他人能增加你的幸福感，且改善你的健康。

)”可知，空格前一句点出了generativity这一概念，空格后一句讲述了有研究证实帮助他人的好处。

空格处应该指出generativity的好处或者益处，故A项“慷慨的好处是广泛的。

”符合语境，故选A。

2．D 段中题。

根据空前“When youʼre generative, you donʼt let the little ups and downs of life get to you.(当你慷慨时，你就不会让生活中的小起伏影响到你。

)”可知，空格前一句讲述了如果一个人慷慨时，则他不会被生活中的起起伏伏所影响。

空格后的内容主要讲述关注他人幸福。

则空格中的内容应该与该段第一句形成对比或者转折，指出拥有generativity的会怎么做，并且呼应下文的内容，指出他们会更愿意做有意义的事，故D项“相反，你应专注于更高及更有意义的事。

”符合语境，故选D。

3．E 段中题。

根据空前“According to a 2007 AmeriCo rps study, volunteering provides not just social benefits, but individual health benefits as well.(根据一项2007年的美国服务队的研究表明，志愿服务不仅会带来社会好处，也可以带来个人健康的
益处。

)”可知，空格前一句为承上启下句，主要阐述了研究证明志愿服务不仅可以服务社会(承接上文)，还可以对个人健康带来益处(引出下文)，且空格后的内容针对“做志愿服务有益于健康”进行了详细论述，故空格处应该点出志愿服务和健康的紧密相关性，以此引出下文的详细论述，故E项“志愿服务和健康之间有着紧密的联系。

”符合语境，故选E。

4．B 段中题。

根据空前“Perhaps helping others rather than focusing purely on our own well-being benefits us because the goal of volunteering may be closer to our hearts and our values than the job we have in the everyday world.(也许，帮助其他人而不是只关注自己的幸福对我们有益，因为志愿服务的目标比我们日常生活中的工作更贴近我们自己的内心和价值。

)”可知，空格前的内容主要讲述了志愿服务更贴近我们自己的内心和价值观，且空格后的内容详细讲述了我们可以从身边入手进行志愿服务以此帮助他人，并不一定需要人人都从世界入手做大事。

故空格处应该对下文起概括作用，概括出我们不一定要做大事，而是可以从小事入手这样的观点。

故B项“你不必为了志愿者服务而要做很大的事。

”符合语境，故选B。

5．F 段首题。

根据空后“Without i t, you canʼt be wholly satisfied or at peace.(没有它，你无法完全满足和平静。

)”可知，空格处在段首，一般起概括下文的作用，空格后一句中有“it”这个代词，并且下文对“it”的益处进行了论述和概括。

再由文章内容进行推断，最后一段应该是对generativity的必要性进行的总结和概述，故空格处应该指出generativity，并点出其重要性。

故F项“慷慨是充分感受自己和过上充实生活的一部分”符合语境，故选F。