医务英语考试模拟题及答案

Medical English Test
I. Listening (45 points)
Part I
Directions: Listen to the dialogue and then fill in the blanks. （15 points）Over the last two decades, HIV and AIDS have received a lot of 1.__________. But many people have never been tested for HIV antibodies. It is of vital importance to know whether they are infected, because it is one of the 2.__________ in fighting the spread of the HIV virus. If people know whether they are HIV 3.____________, they can protect their lovers, their 4.__________ and even their babies if they are 5._____________. There are 6._____________ of HIV tests. One is for antibodies and the other is for the virus itself. Recently, the FDA has 7.___________ two new rapid HIV tests. The most 8.______________ one is a blood test, but rather than take 9.______________ from your arm, you only 10. ____________. And that test takes only about 15 to 20 minutes.
Part II
Directions:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. ( 20 points)
1. A. Hormonal deficiencies. B. Abnormal function of the heart.
C. Malnutrition.
D. Both A and B.
2. A. He could not play football any more.
B. He was alive but could walk.
C. He was playing football again.
D. He is dead.
3. A. Total knee replacement. B. Conservative treatment.
C. Surgery.
D. Amputation.
4. A. She has edema. B. She has haematuria.
C. She has urine albumin.
D. She has high blood pressure.
5. A. One drop. B. Five drops. C. Six drops. D. Eight drops.
6. A. In the veins. B. In the brainstem.
C. In the blood.
D. In the lungs
7. A. The man is complaining of her symptoms.
B. The man is giving her an injection.
C. The man is asking her some questions.
D. The man is doing acupuncture on her.
8. A. She is a dentist. B. She is a surgeon.
C. She is a medical teacher.
D. She is a pharmacist.
9. A. The anxiety and fears about their work with AIDS patients.
B. Shortage of well-trained nurses for AIDS patients.
C. Medical education is not enough in the nurses.
D. The hard working conditions in the hospital.
10. A. The endocardium is a membrane.
B. The heart consists of three layers.
C. The endocardium is the heart muscle.
D. The endocardium consists of muscle fibers.
Part III
Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.
(10 points)
Passage 1
11. A. The disease has spread to many countries in the world.
B. The disease has spread to large numbers of people.
C. The disease has spread very fast in Africa.
D. The disease has spread in number and from place to place.
12. A. How children are infected with AIDS.
B. People are ignorant of how AIDS is spread, therefore education is vital.
C. How to slow the spread of global AIDS.
D. The tragedy of mother-child HIV transmission.
13. A. Public education campaigns.
B. Widespread free and confidential testing.
C. International action on world poverty.
D. Access to anti-AIDS drugs in poor countries.
14. A. Many people worldwide have false beliefs about AIDS.
B. AIDS testing needs to be put on a free market system of supply and demand.
C. Women need to abandon traditional customs of sexual promiscuity.
D. While anti-AIDS drugs exist, there is no cure for AIDS.
15. A. People are afraid to shake hands with them.
B. They are forced to wear special clothing.
C. Society provides special housing and services for them.
D. They are blamed for having the disease, people hate and avoid them, and they
cannot get jobs and housing.
Passage 2
16. A. It is caused by the cold winter weather.
B. The spread of rhinoviruses gets people infected.
C. Because another person’s coughing passes the cold to you.
D. Because you wash your hands too often.
17. A. To keep yourself clean.
B. To use a disinfectant soap.
C. To take two aspirin pills every day.
D. To drink lots of water.
18. A. Because they are usually infected about eight times each year.
B. Because they are not immune to many cold viruses.
C. Because they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are dirty.
D. Because they don’t like eating lemon.
19. A. It is always the same kind of cold that you had last time.
B. It may be the same kind of cold that you had last time.
C. It is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time.
D. It is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time.
20. A. Sore throat. B. Runny nose.
C. Coughing.
D. Stomachache.
II. Reading (45 points)
Passage 1
Directions: Read the passage about 10 Easy Steps to a Healthier Heart. Choose the best topic for each paragraph from the list below. For each indicated paragraph (1-8), mark one letter (A-J). Do not mark any letter twice. (16 points)
A. Eat 10 tablespoons of tomato sauce a week.
B. Know your blood pressure and do whatever it takes to get it down to 115/75.
C. Read labels and throw out all food that has sugar in the first five ingredients.
D. Eat no more than 20 grams of saturated fat a day and as little trans fat as possible.
E. Eat an ounce of nuts a day.
F. Homeopathy is a complete system of medical theory and practice.
G. Floss your teeth regularly.
H. Learn your HDL number and do what you can to raise it to 50.
I. Walk 30 minutes a day every day, no matter what--- and then call someone.
J. Utilizing this structure will enhance your intuition, or enable you to find it.
Keep your heart healthy and reduce your heart attack risk with these simple tips. Even if you follow just the first seven tips below (and don’t smoke, of course), you’ll reduce the chance of having a heart attack by as much as 90 percent compared to a typica1 person of your age!
1. _______________________
Walking a half-hour a day decreases the risk of having a heart attack by about 30 percent. I’ve found if you succeed at walking daily, you can also succeed in doing other things to improve health.
2. _______________________
Your blood pressure number may be even more important than your cholesterol. And you can lower it yourself. The best way? Getting a little exercise and losing some belly fat. Why belly fat? The omentum is what hangs over the stomach. The fat that’s stored there feeds the kidney, liver and other vital organs. Here’s the hypothesis: When you gain weight, you add fat inside the relatively rigid kidney capsule. This fat pushes on the kidney, so it says, “Hey, I need more blood pressure to drive blood through because I’m getting squeezed by the fat.” So it releases hormones that cause increased blood pressure. When you lose a little of that fat, even with just a few pounds of weight loss, your blood pressure goes down really fast.
3. _______________________
Nuts raise HDL, good cholesterol and decrease inflammation. But they have a heart benefit independent of those to o. We’re not sure why. Nuts have healthy omega-3 fatty acids, healthy protein and some fiber. And this tip is easy to do! Nuts that are raw, fresh and unsalted have the most benefit. You can develop a taste for them if you give them a chance.
4. _______________________
For women, some believe a high HDL is more important than a lower HDL. Study after study shows that the higher the number, the better (50 is fine). Easy ways you can increase it: exercise; have one drink a day; eat healthy fats, such as olive oil and nuts.
5. _______________________
This is one of my favorite tips. Tomato sauce is loaded with
blood-pressure-slashing potassium. We’re not talking about salty, fatty sauces, or serving with a huge portion of pasta. Keep it simple and healthy, and get a great benefit.
6. _______________________
Avoiding periodontal disease prevents inflammation in the arteries, which helps you head off heart disease. Most people don’t know that your oral health affects all your arterial health, and that includes blood flow to the heart and sexual organs, and maybe even wrinkles on your skin.
7. _______________________
Saturated fat and trans fats lead to inflammation in the arteries. A cinnamon roll may have 7 grams of saturated fat. A 4-ounce slice of roast pork tenderloin has about 4 grams. Trans fats, found in many processed and baked foods, are probably at least as bad as saturated fats, and maybe a little worse.
8. _______________________
Don’t be fooled by foods that are low in fat but high in sugar. Th e sugar causes inflammation. And if you eat more sugar than you need, it gets morphed into omentum fat, that dangerous fat around the belly.
Have a glass of wine or beer today. I t’s a consistent finding that teetotalers have a higher risk of heart disease than people who drink a little, and people who drink a lot have little heart disease but tend to die of cancer. Seven drinks on Friday night is not the same as one every night! We know there are serious dangers to drinking, but still, any kind of alcohol in moderation is good for arteries.
Eat 9 servings of colorful fruits and vegetables a day. That comes with a lot of fiber. Make sure you wash fresh fruits carefully and thoroughly. There are farmers’ markets all over the country now. If you try fresh locally grown veggies prepared well, you’ll be amazed at how good they taste.
Passage 2
Directions: Read the passage and choose the best information from the list below to fill each of the gaps. For each gap (1-7) mark one letter (A-H), do not mark any letter twice. ( 14 points)
A. F or example, mixing a drug you take to help you sleep (a sedative) and a drug you
take for allergies (an antihistamine) can slow you reactions.
B. F or example, mixing alcohol with some drugs may cause you to feel tired or slow
your reactions.
C. It is also more important than ever to know about the medicines you take.
D. The label also includes important information about possible drug interactions.
E. For example. A person taking a drug to reduce high blood pressure may feel dizzy
or light-headed if the drug reduces the blood sugar too much.
F. You can reduce the risk of potentially harmful drug interactions and side effects
with a little bit of knowledge and common sense.
G. For example, if you have high blood pressure you could experience an unwanted
reaction if you take a nasal decongestant.
H. Ask your pharmacist for the package insert for each prescription drug you take.
There are more opportunities today than ever before to learn about your health and to take better care of yourself. 1.__________ If you take several different medicines, see more than one doctor, or have certain health conditions, you and your doctors need to be aware of all the medicines you take. Doing so will help you to avoid potential problems such as drug interactions.
Drug interactions may make your drug less effective, cause unexpected side effects, or increase the action of a particular drug. Some drug interactions can even be harmful to you. Reading the label every time you use a nonprescription or prescription drug and taking the time to learn about drug interactions may be critical to your health.
2. __________ Drug interactions fall into three broad categories:
The first type of drug-drug interactions occurs when two or more drugs react with each other. This drug-drug interaction may cause you to experience an unexpected side effect. 3. __________ and make driving a car or operating machinery dangerous.
The second type is drug-food/beverage interactions resulting from drugs reacting with foods or beverages. 4. __________
The third type of drug-condition interactions may occur when an existing medical condition makes certain drugs potentially harmful. 5. __________
Drug interactions and over-the-counter medicines
Over-the-counter (OTC) drug labels contain information about ingredients, uses, warnings and directions that is important to read and understand. 6. __________ Further, drug labels may change as new information becomes known. That’s why it’s especially important to read the label every time you use a drug.
The “Active Ingredients” and “Purpose” sections list:
●the name and amount of each active ingredient;
●the purpose of each active ingredient.
The “Uses” section of the label:
●tells you what the drug is used for;
●helps you find the best drug for your specific symptoms.
The “Warnings”section of the label provides important drug interaction and precaution information such as:
●when to talk to a doctor or pharmacist before use;
●the medical conditions that may make the drug less effective or not safe;
●under what circumstances the drug should not be used;
●when to stop taking the drug.
The “Directions” section of the label tells you:
●the length of time and the amount of the product that you may safely use;
●any special instructions on how to use the product.
The “Other Information” section of the label tells you:
●required information about certain ingredients, such as sodium content, for
people with dietary restrictions or allergies.
The “I nactive Ingredients” section of the label tells you:
●the name of each inactive ingredient (such as colorings, binders, etc.).
The “Questions?”or “Q u estions or Comments?”section of the label (if included) provides telephone numbers of a source to answer questions about the product.
Learning more about drug interactions
Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about the drugs you take. When your doctor prescribes a new drug, discuss all OTC and prescription drugs, dietary supplements, vitamins, botanicals, minerals and herbals you take, as well as the foods you eat.
7. __________The package insert provides more information about potential drug interactions. Before taking a drug, ask your doctor or pharmacist the following questions:
●Can I take it with other drugs?
●Should I avoid certain foods, beverages or other products?
●What are possible drug interaction signs I should know about?
●How will the drug work in my body?
●Is there more information available about the drug or my condition (on the
Internet or in health and medical literature)?
Know how to take drugs safely and responsibly. Remember, the drug label will tell you:
●What the drug is used for?
●How to take the drug?
●How to reduce the risk of drug interactions and unwanted side effects ?
If you still have questions after reading the drug product label, ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
Passage 3
Directions:Read the passage and choose the best information from the list below to fill each of the gaps. For each gap (1-5) mark one letter (A-G), do not mark any letter twice. ( 15 points)
A. My self-finding journey through yoga practice
B. Enlightenment and new insight from excellent instructors
C. My discovery on the way of yoga practice
D. Troubles and reflections on past yoga practice
E. Horizontal and vertical yoga practice
F. Improvement in yoga practice nowadays
G. Hatha yoga classes 50 years ago
As we get older, our physical, emotional, and spiritual needs change, and in many ways, yoga can help us through those changes.
1. ______________________
Back in the 1960s, the hatha yoga classes that I both took and taught were quite different than they are today. There might have been 50 students on an outdoor platform, and we were all doing the same yoga postures, the same way. Ages 20 to 80, all different sizes and shapes, many different fitness levels, yet we were not offered any variation in the way we did our postures. Few cautions were spoken. Everyone inhaled to the count of five and exhaled to the count of five. Each student tried to perform the postures perfectly--no matter if their bodies complained. There was not a sticky mat, Lili Pad, belt, blanket, or block in sight.
2. ______________________
During those years, I began to notice something very troubling. I was developing injuries where before there were none. My friends could do magnificent scorpion arm balances, but in private told me how painful it was to sit straight in meditation. Almost everyone had a callus or puffy bruise on the back of the neck from doing shoulder stands on a bare floor. Perhaps you might have tried yoga and experienced similar discomfort. How could yoga postures, so highly touted as vehicles of physical and mental health, cause such discomfort? In light of these disturbing questions, I knew there had to be a better way. Some problems, I could figure out for myself. I looked at the parts of the body as if they were links of a chain. If one link was weak, it affected the whole chain. But I could only go so far with my own limited experience
and observations.
3. ______________________
At just the right time, two brilliant yoga teachers came into my life, both of whom had studied for years with the great yogi Mr. B. K. S. Iyengar. Bernard Rishi and Angela Farmer gave me new insight about bodily alignment, the use of props, and ways to help student avoid injury. They also encouraged me to find my own voice as a teacher. I began to develop the teaching style that has come to be known as “Lilia’s yoga”, a method that offers customized techniques and instructions for different body types and levels of fitness.
4. ______________________
These days, many yoga teachers and reputable yoga schools are developing their own approaches to the practice based upon up-to-date information in anatomy, physiology, orthopedics, and other areas of medical science. Most good yoga teachers continually study to update their knowledge and increase their own skill. Much attention is paid to alignment, and students are instructed in safe approaches to every posture. The use of props is common to help students ease into postures. as well as to aid relaxation. As my swami from Madras predicted, over these last few decades, we have taken yoga to new levels.
5. ______________________
This evolution has been not only in the physical realm; many Westerners are seeing how yoga also affects their spiritual, emotional, and mental selves. For me, yoga has been a journey into the many layers of Self, a profound tool for helping answer the question “Who am I?” I’m learning that part of getting to know yourself is being able to look at your life as both an inner and an outer journey. I picture my outer journey as horizontal—I’m walking along and I can see the horizon, and all the familiar landmarks along the way. It is what I’m doing and where I’m going. My inner journey is vertical--with no horizon, no specific goal. In this journey, I’m taking one step at a time. I don’t look backward or forward, but experience each moment. I am not doing--I am being.
The joy in the journey does not necessarily come from reaching a goal or from attaining the summit. Joy comes from what transpires along the way. Probably the most fascinating thing I’ve discovered is that my yoga journey gets better with age. And age gets better with yoga. As I’ve gotten older, my physical, emotional, and spiritual needs have changed, and in many ways, yoga has helped me through those changes. My practice of yoga has changed too, and now more than ever, I find that it is just what I need--in my body, my mind, and my soul.
III. Vocabulary (10 points)
Directions:Fill in the blanks with the words from the list below and change the form when necessary.
diaphragm exhale contaminant chronic delicate respiratory vein involuntary alveoli allergen
1. People inhale oxygen and ________ carbon dioxide when they breathe.
2. A useful method of picturing the____________ system is to imagine an upside-down tree.
3. The _______ in the lungs, where oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange actually takes place, are clustered at the ends of the bronchioles.
4. Exposure to __________ and stimuli often triggers some respiratory disease such as asthma.
5. As the _____________in the chest contracts, the lungs are forced to expand and then air is drawn in.
6. Breathing is generally a(n) ________ act, though people can control it to some limited degree.
7. The removal of blood, usually from a(n) ___________ is a therapeutic measure in ancient China.
8. Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some _____________.
9. The slight change of weather can affect her _________health.
10. According to data from recent surveys there is an increasing trend of _________ mental and psychiatric illnesses.
IV. W riting (50 points)
Directions: Read the following article in Chinese carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the Answer Sheet. Make sure you cover all major points of the article.
古往今来，人们对健康、长寿之道的探求，从未停止过。

人们都希望白己能长寿，那么如何才能长寿呢？
美国著名的长寿专家卡尔·迈博士指出：“人类要想长寿，首先要在有绿色的生活空间和新鲜空气，因为人生活在绿色环境里，视野所及，春意盎然，一派生机。

心胸开阔，身体自然也就健康了。

”可见，绿色的环境、新鲜的空气和洁净的水源是自然赋予长寿的基本条件。

但除此之外，长寿还有很多重要因素。

对此，多年来世界各国研究的很多，近来有两点
新的进展与人们日常甚或关系密切，值得重视。

创造与长寿
老年学家对人衰老过程进行深入研究后认为，人的神经活动与寿命之间的相互关系越来越明显。

研究者们对五种百科全书中的26855 名专家进行了研究分析，发现从事创造性工作的人，其寿命明显高于他们同代人。

因为，人脑经常处于兴奋的状态，被认为是重要的长寿之道，每个人都可以与自己的神经系统的衰老过程进行斗争，其最有希望最可普及的方式，是使人脑经常保持兴奋状态，也就是使人脑保持活跃的创造状态。

爬楼与长寿
人到老年体弱气衰，愿住高楼底层而不愿登楼，殊不知，经常爬楼对人体大有好处，既能锻炼心肌，又能减肥和预防冠心病，因为上楼梯是要把腿抬高，兼有走和跳两个动作，比在平地上走路活动量大得多，这能促进身体新陈代谢，加快血液循环，增强心脏功能。

据测定，一个体重为60 公斤的人，若爬10 分钟楼梯，则要消耗836.8千焦耳热量，而下楼梯消耗的热量仅为上楼梯的三分之一。

在相同的运动时间里，爬楼梯所消耗的热量是游泳的2.5倍，是散步的4倍，比慢跑多23％。

如果一个肥胖者住在四楼，每天上下楼梯5-6次，一年内就可减轻体重3公斤。

平时我们也可看到，经常登楼梯的人，一般不会在登楼时出现气喘，这是因为登楼运动能使心脏的收缩有力，肺活量增大。

英国学者研究发现，登一级楼梯甚至可延长寿命约 4 秒钟，所以英国老人乐于爬楼梯，并把这一举动视为长寿秘诀。

英国有一寿星每天爬楼不止，在他111岁生日时，断然拒绝搬到一楼居住，并说：他不想改变白己的生活方式，爬楼梯给他带来了好处，他要坚持每天爬楼。

111岁的老人还坚持每天爬楼，这对我们来说真有点不可思议啊！
在我国，城市人口拥挤，适合中老年人的活动场所更是无几。

在这种情况下，将爬楼作为一项健身运动可谓简易可行，将来，被很多中老年视为“困难”的楼道，似乎可成为人们的一个长寿之“道”。

Answer Sheet
Name _________________Scores __________________
I. Listening
Part I
1. ______________________
2._____________________
3.__________________
4. ______________________
5._____________________
6.__________________
7. ______________________
8._____________________
9.__________________ 10. ______________________
Part II
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D 8. A B C D 9. A B C D
10. A B C D
Part III
11. A B C D 12. A B C D 13. A B C D
14. A B C D 15. A B C D 16. A B C D
17. A B C D 18. A B C D 19. A B C D
20. A B C D
II. Reading
Passage 1
1. _______________
2. _______________
3. _______________
4. _______________
5. _______________
6. _______________
7. _______________
8. _______________ Passage 2
1. _______________
2. _______________
3. _______________
4. _______________
5. _______________
6. _______________
7. _______________
Passage 3
1. ______________________
2._____________________
3.__________________
4. ______________________
5. ______________________
III. Vocabulary
1. ______________________
2._____________________
3.__________________
4. ______________________
5._____________________
6.__________________
7. ______________________ 8._____________________ 9.__________________
10. ______________________
IV. Writing
Key to the Paper
I. Listening (45 points)
Part I (15 points)
1. attention
2. great weapons
3. positive
4. spouse
5. pregnant
6. two major classes
7. approved
8. available
9. a tube of blood 10. take a pinprick from your finger
Part II (20 points)
1—10 DCBBC BDAAB
Part III (l0 points)
11—15 DCCAD 16—20 BABCD
II. Reading (45 points)
Passage I (l6 points) IBEH AGDC
Passage II (l4 points) CFAB GDH
Passage III (l5 points) GDBFA
III. Vocabulary (l0 points)
1. exhale
2. respiratory
3. alveoli
4. allergens
5. diaphragm
6. involuntary
7. vein
8. contaminations
9. delicate 10. chronic
IV. Writing (50 points)。