货代英语期末考复习题库

货代英语期末考复习题库
1、( A )fluctuate with market conditions of supply and demand.
A. Tramp rates
B. Liner freight rates
C. Fixed costs
D. Stowage factors
2、Freight forwarders are mainly concerned with( C ).
A. market prices
B. variable costs
C. tramp rates
D. liner freight rates
3、( C )refers to the average number of cubic meters required to stow one ton of a commodity.
A. Maintenance
B. Scores
C. Stowage factor
D. Commodity
4、An additional sum added to the usual amount or cost iscalled( D ).
A. expense
B. cost
C. rate
D. surcharge
5、(A)refers to general cargo listed in a number of Bill of Lading each consisting of differentcommodities.
A. Break bulk cargo
B. Containerized cargo
C. Boom
D. Recession
6、A shipping note is issued by(C)to the carrier requesting allocation of shipping space.
A.the carrier
B. the agent
C. the shipper
D. the port authorities
7、A sea waybill is the replacement of the traditional ocean ( B )
A.letter of indemnity
B. bill of lading
C. cargo manifest
D. master's receipt
8、Which of the following documents is a commitment made by the shipper to ship the goods andto serve as a basis for preparation of the bill of lading?( D )
A. A manifest
B. A shipping note
C. A seaway bill
D. A cargo manifest
9、Which of the following can be subsequently exchanged for the bill of lading?( D )
A.Letter of indemnity
B. Mate’s receipt
C.Cargo manifest
D. Master’s receipt
10、Which document provides the information relating to the voyage such as name of vessel，port of shipment/trans-shipment/destination，and terms of contract?( A )
A. Bill of lading
B. A stowage plan
C. A cargo manifest
D. mate's receipt
11、Even though the basic components are more or less the same,( A ) of the components varies from agreement to agreement.
A. the allocation
B.the distribution
C. the combination
D. the levels
12、Among the cost factors，which factor depends on the size of the business generally and the engagement in the individualvessel?(D)
A. Capital costs
B. Costs of insurance
C. Travel costs
D. Administrative costs
13、In a contract of carriage，who may direct a claim against the parties involved in the charier agreement?( D)
A. The shipper
B. The Master
C. Third parties
D. The owner
14、If some components are not discussed or inserted into the written contract, the problem can be solved through ( A )
A. the court or arbitrator
B. the third party
C. the carrier
D. the shipper
15、According to the article，( D)is the key point which can
settle themost disputes between the parties in the long term contact
A.the good business model
B. good cooperation
C.good market share
D. negotiation
假如你是A货运代理有限公司海外拓展部业务员，通过FIATA得知美国的A海运有限公司负责代理当地的众多从中国福建启运的FOB 货，你司想成为A公司在福建的合作伙伴，试写一封函电，表明你司的合作意图，并介绍你司的情况阐明你司的优势。

然后对厦门到美西航线的五个港口进行报价，编制报价单。

Dear sirs,
Though the courtesy of FIATA, We are given to understand that you are one of responsible for the local agent of many Fujian shipping FOB goods from China.
Our company was established in 1990 and has been involved in international container freight forwarding business for almost 27 years.We will go to enter into business relations with your company on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. We would be greatly honored if you could appoint us to be your partners in Fujian.
We hereby provide our best guotion for west coast as follow: We are expecting your early reply.
十大班轮公司
马士基Maersk、地中海MSC、达飞CMA CGM、美国总统APL、长荣EVERGREEN、赫伯罗特Hapag-Lloyd 阿拉伯联合航运船公司UASC 东方海外OOCL 阳明
Shipping companies, terminal operators and ports are in front of very changing and uncertain situations. Port and maritime markets are no longer stable because the forces that
act over this environment are continuously changing. Technological progress, logistic integration and new associated organizational structures are constantlyremodelling the port and maritime industry and companies are trying to cope with this situation.
船公司、码头运营商和港口现处于非常变化和不确定的情况中。

也是因为这种不断变化的环境下，港口和海上市场不再是稳定的。

相关技术的进步,物流一体化和新组织结构的不断改造使得港口和海上工业及企业正在努力应对这种情况。

For a long period of time, shipping companies thought that the only way to compete with their rivals was to exploit bigger ships. This
unilateral concentration on operational costs proved its' limits. The essence of shipping companies' existence gradually moves from pure navigation operations to complete logistic solutions.
在很长一段时间,航运公司认为与竞争对手竞争的唯一方式是利用更大的船只。

这单方面浓度运营成本证明了它的限制。

航运公司的存在的本质逐渐从纯粹的导航操作完整的物流解决方案。

Each carrier is trying to give an answer to this change of pattern. By using different forms of integration in the supply chain, shipping companies are trying to generate profit, to accelerate the operations on sea, in the port and the ones on land and to create a favourable environment. For the moment, terminal operators are concentrating on developing the level of operations. It is clear that global terminal operators focused their attention from a local port level to a port network level, meaning that the effects of the terminal network must be exploited to the maximum.
每个航空公司正试图给出答案的变化模式。

通过使用不同形式的
集成供应链,船运公司正试图产生利润,加快海洋上的操作,在港口和在陆地上的,创造一个有利的环境。

目前,终端运营商集中精力发展水平的操作。

很明显,全球码头运营商集中他们的注意力从本地端口级别端口网络,这意味着必须利用终端网络的影响最大。

There are proves of a rising logistic integration regarding land terminals, transport inside the hinterland and high logistic services. Even so, changing the pattern derives from re-focusing of the operators (reconcentration of the operators on another level of operations).
就算可以证明关于土地的物流集成终端,内陆地区内运输和物流服务有了很大的进步。

即便如此,改变的模式来源于总运营商(再集中的运营商在另一个层面上操作)。

Individual terminal operators and shipping companies might follow different patterns in the search of getting bigger advantages and higher satisfactions of the client. And not only once, the two segments of the container market change these patterns as the competitive basis from this market are about to erode sooner or later. Port and maritime companies are trying to maintain a competitive edge by building barriers in order to prevent competitors' enter on their own domain. New comers on the market are trying to overcome these types of entering barriers.
个人终端运营商和航运公司可能会遵循不同的模式在搜索得到更大的优势和更高的客户满意。

不仅一次,这些改变容器的两段市场模式为基础的竞争这一市场迟早要侵蚀。

港口和海运公司为了防止竞争对手的进入在自己的领域，正试图通过构建壁垒保持竞争优势。

市场上新来者正在努力克服这些类型的进入障碍。

Because of the pronounced fusion and alliance phenomena there can be seen a strong concentration of the maritime market, which leads to a control hold by only a few transport and terminal
operators. They dominate the market and impose their own interests.
因为从明显的融合和联盟的现象中可以看到一个强大的海运市场的浓度,导致控制持有只有少数运输和码头运营商。

他们主导市场,赢取自己的利益。