超实用高考英语专题复习：专题21 阅读表达(解析版)高考英语热点题型归纳与变式演练(全国通用)

阅读表达-高考英语热点题型归纳与变
式演练
（全国通用）
目录
一、热点题型归纳........................................................................................................................................................
【题型一】主旨型问题........................................................................................................................................
【题型二】完成句子............................................................................................................................................
【题型三】句子替
代............................................................................................................................................
【题型四】句子翻
译...........................................................................................................................................
【题型五】封闭型问
题..........................................................................................................................................
【题型六】开放型问
题..........................................................................................................................................
二、最新模考题组练....................................................................................................................................................
考生回答问题所书写的英文会限制在一定的单词个数以下（英文释义和句子翻译除外），
以控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间；每一个需要考生用英语回答的问题在后面都有具体的字数要求。

要善于概括文章或者其中某一个段落和层次的主旨大意、作者的写作目的，要善于分析和把握篇章的结构、推测作者的语气、态度和观点，捕捉文章的具体信息，理解特定环境中语言的意义。

【题型一】主旨性问题
它要求概括出文章的某一段、或整篇文章的大意、标题或作者的写作意图。

【题型二】完成句子
它要求结合上下文，将短文中的空白处用合适的词或句补充完整，使短文通畅。

【题型三】句子替代
它要求根据所给出的英文句子，寻找短文中意思相同的句子。

【题型四】句子翻译
它要求将短文中指定的句子翻译成通顺的汉语。

【题型五】封闭性问题
就文中的某个点进行提问要求你解答，这种问题又往往是要求大家对文章的某一部分进行总结概括，总结成符合字数要求的句子。

【题型六】开放性问题
就某一问题要求考生结合自己的观点和态度进行表述。

【典例分析】
【2021年北京高考】
阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets resolved阅the emotional response tied to it is significantly reduced or almost completely erased阅Thus阅it may be worth bringing up issues with your friends阅 family members阅or classmates rather than holding them back阅
There is a difference between arguing and fighting阅Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns阅You can engage in an argument respectfully without stirring up阅阅阅阅 anger阅Fighting阅however阅usually involves personal attacks阅raising of voices阅 and storming out阅Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health阅In a study阅2.000 people were asked to record their feelings and experiences for eight days in a row阅When people had an argument that they considered resolved阅 they had half the reactivity 阅阅阅阅阅阅 of those who avoided an argument阅Reactivity is an increase in negative emotions or a decrease in positive emotions阅In other words阅resolving an argument cuts your negative feelings by half阅One day later阅 people who had a resolved argument reported no increase of negative emotions compared with those who avoided an argument阅 This means that resolving an argument can feel like you have reached a state of resolution—and you are less likely to be annoyed阅
Moreover阅the older you are阅the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument阅This may be because more life experience usually leads to more defined priorities阅You are more likely to distinguish between what matters and what does not阅
It is easier to avoid a discussion阅but risking talking about it may eventually lead to a better outcome阅
40. According to this passage阅what is arguing阅
41. Why is it that“the older you are阅 the more likely you will come to a resolution after an argument”阅
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement阅then underline it and explain why阅
Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health阅because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry阅
43. In addition to improving emotional health阅what do you think are some other benefits of resolving an argument阅 阅In about 40 words阅
【答案】
40.Arguing is discussing your worries，related feelings and problems with the other party．
41.It is because more life experience may help people better identify priorities in life．
42. Resolving arguments can improve your emotional health，because it increases your reactivity and reduces the chance of you getting angry．----Resolving arguments helps to decrease your reactivity．
43.略
【2020年年年年年年】
年年年年
As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involvesa lot of walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have abrother who is a typical example of "cool". For years I wanted to doeverything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I wasalways the neglected 阅阅阅阅阅阅 one. My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never playfootball or basketball well.
I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for therest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed.Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. Thisnew start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirelynew version of "cool".
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at thenew school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of theScience Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology,and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit. Tyson’s definition of"cool", I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, Idid.
As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answeringquestions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. I didn’tfeel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peerswho understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I’m good at. Forthe first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am阅 I’m Tyson’s little brother, butthat’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’mrelieved to know that "cool" has a much broader definition than whatI used to think.
56. How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? 阅no more than 8 words阅
57. What changes offered a new start to the author after his family moved? 阅no more than 15 words阅
58. According to Paragraph 3, what marked the turning point in the author’s growth? 阅no more than 7 words阅
59. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? 阅no more than 10 words阅
60. What is your example of “cool”? Please explain why. 阅no more than 20 words阅
【答案】
56. Receiving less attention than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
57. That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson’s leaving for college and the author’s going to/attending a new school.
58. Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests（in science）.
59. （How）the author discovered a broader definition of "cool".
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
60. Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
【2019年高考天津卷】
年年年年
Haze Mabry, who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years阅walks into theschool building every day and empties garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms andmops wet messes in the hallways.
Last Friday, after he arrived at the school, instead of finding garbageto clean up, he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmadecards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway, some popped out of lime to hughim. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes.Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked themall. "They're like my
children阅"Mabry said.
On a regular day阅students at the school sometimes come up to him to saythey're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something thathappened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school, but can't name eachone. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith, who often forgets herbackpack in the cafeteria阅and Lucy阅who just wants ahug.
“He won't brag阅阅阅阅on himself, but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where heis, he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that childis having a bad day. If a child approaches him阅he will pause to give thatchild his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building阅"said LoriGilreath阅a reading teacher.
Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes othersdon't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned todo much for his milestone birthday, so he was happy the students had preparedthe surprise celebration.
Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at hishouse. One card from
a student stood out to him. It read: “Mr. Haze阅you are mysunshine.”
56. What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper阅阅no more than 5words阅
57. How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday阅阅no more than 15words阅
58. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2probably mean阅阅1 word阅
59. Why is Mabry's presence at the school important阅阅no more than 10words阅
60. Who is the "sunshine” in your life阅Please explain. 阅no more than 20words阅
【答案】
56. Cleaning the（school）building.
Or: Doing（the）cleaning.
Or: He cleans the（school）building.
Or: He does（the）cleaning.
57. By lining the hallways，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，handing him cards，and hugging him.
Or: By lining the hallways with（handmade）cards，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，and hugging him.
Or: They lined the hallways，blew noisemakers，sang a song，handed him cards，and hugged him.
Or: They lined the hallways with（handmade）cards，blew noisemakers，sang a song，and hugged him.
58. Love.
Or: Liking.
Or: Fondness.
59. （Because）he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.
Or: （Because）he loves（the）students and is devoted to his work.
Or: （Because）he is kind/caring/helpful to the students，and hard-working.
Or: （Because）he is regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-working man.
60. My father/mother. （Because）he/she loves me and encourages me when I'm
faced/confronted with difficulties.
Or: My teacher. （Because）he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career. Or: My friend. （Because）he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of
comfort/help/encouragement.
【2015年高考天津卷】
阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅
Six days a week, up and down the red hills of northeast Georgia, my grandfather brought the mail to the folks there. At age 68, he retired from the post office, but he never stopped serving the community.
On his 80th birthday, I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful for — good health, good friends and good outcomes. By most measurements he was a happy man. Then I suggested it was time for him to slow down. At long last, in a comfortable home, with a generous pension, he should learn to take things easy.
“Thank you for your nice words,” he wrote in his letter back, “and I know what you meant, but slowing down scares me. Life isn’t having it made; it’s getting it made.”
“The finest and happiest years of our lives were not when all the debts were paid, and all difficult experiences had passed, and we had settled into a comfortable home. No. I go back years ago, when we lived in a three-room house, when we got up before daylight and worked till after dark to make ends meet. I rarely had more than four hours of sleep. But what I still can’t figure out is why I never got tired, never felt better in my life. I guess the answer is, we were fighting for survival, protecting and providing for those we loved. What matters are not the great moments, but the partial victories, the waiting, and even the defeats. It’s the journey, not the arrival, that counts.”
The letter ended with a personal request: “Boy, on my next birthday, just tell me to wake up and get going, because I will have one less year to do things — and there are ten million things waiting to be done.”
Christina Rossetti, an English poet, once said: “Does the road wind uphill all the way? Yes, to the very end.” Today, at 96,my grandfather is still on that long road, climbing.
56. What was the author’s grandfather before he retired? (no more than 5 words)
57. What did the author advise his grandfather to do in his letter? (no more than 10 words)
58. What is the grandfather’s view on life according to his letter back? (no more than 10 words)
59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
60. you agree with the grandfather’s view on life? Give reasons in your own words, (no more than 20 words)
【答案】
56.He was a postman. / He worked in a post office.
57.He advised him to slow down (and take things easy). / He advised he/his grandfather (should) slow down.
58.The process is more important than the result.
Or: A man should not slow down however old he is.
Or: Life isn't having it made; it's getting it made. / It's the journey, not the arrival that counts.
59.My/His/The grandfather is still busy doing meaningful things.
Or: The grandfather is still living an active life.
Or: The grandfather is still involved in whatever he can do.
60.Yes. One should always be full of passion in his life no matter how old he is.
Or: People should make full use of their time to do something meaningful
No. It is more sensible for people to slow down and enjoy an easy life in their old age.
Or: Slowing down contributes to better health and longer life for people in old age.
【2016年高考天津卷】
阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅阅
I’m a 34-year-old man, married, lived in a nice house, and have a successful career as an educational consultant. But my life was not always so great. I had a learning disability from an early age. I went to a special school where I got plenty of extra help. Still, I suffered the rest of my school days in public schools.
My life improved remarkably when I discovered art. The art world gave me a chance to express myself without words. I went to a workshop and gradually got good at making things with clay(阅阅). Here I learned my first important lesson: disabled as I was in language. I could still be smart and well express myself with clay. And my confidence came along.
I got my next lesson from rock climbing. It was a fun thing but I was scared from the start. I
soon noticed it wasn’t a talent thing; it was practice. So I did it more. After about five years of climbing, I found myself in Yosemite Valley on a big wall. I learned that if you fall in love with something and do it all the time, you will get better at it.
Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write.Every day I practiced reading and writing,which I used to avoid as much as possible.After two hard years,I was literate.
Having gone through the long process with art,rock climbing,and reading and writing,now I ’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally un known,hard,but interesting.
56. What made the author’s school days difficult? (No more than 5 words)
57. Why did art give the author confidence? (No more than 10 words)
58. What lesson did the author learn from rock climbing? (No more than 15 words)
59. What is the meaning of the underlined part in Paragraph 4? (No more than 5 words)
60. How does the author’s story inspire you to overcome difficulties in life? Put it in your own words. (No more than 20 words)
【答案】
56.His learning disability.
57.He could be smart and express himself with clay.
58.If you enjoy something and keep doing it.
59.I could read and write
60.We should not lose heart in face of difficulties.
【2017年高考天津卷】
阅读表达
In the years of my growing up, Dad was strict with me. He made sure I made my bed and did my homework. He would call in advance to make sure there was no alcohol at the party. I got so angry with him for laying down the law. I would scream, “ I hate you!” Dad would yell back, “Good! I don’t care!” Deep down I knew he did.
One time at a party, I drank too much alcohol and got so sick. I said, “ Call my dad.” Next thing, Dad was carrying me to the car. I woke up the next morning, thinking I would definitely be criticised. As expected, I got a roasting, but I now understand why I need discipline.
Dad was 29 when he got his big roles in films. I had an early start at the age of nine with a role in a 1990s TV series, but it wasn’t until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress. Like those early days for Dad, I faced lots of rejections. Working in such a competitive industry, I’ve sometimes thought, “I can’t do this any more.”
Once, after a trip to Hollywood, I returned to Australia so depressed and spent months in my bedroom painting, listening to Eckhart Tolle’s music and trying to find myself again. Dad sat me down and said,“Alice, I know it’s hard, but it’s all about persistence(坚持不懈).”
Now I get to work with Dad a lot, which I love. We both passionate about acting, which comes from us being so interested in people. If it weren’t for Dad, I wouldn’t be where I am today. He’s my biggest fan, and when you have that in your life you can go a long way.
56. What rules did Alice’s father set for her when she was growing up?(no more than 15 words)
57. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean? (no more than 5 words)
58. What did Alice’s father do when she felt depressed? (no more than 5 words)
59. According to the last paragraph, what do Alice and her father have in common? (no more than 10 words)
60. What do you think of Alice’s father? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】
56.She should make her bed, do her homework and drink no alcohol.
Or: Making her bed, doing her homework and drinking no alcohol.
57.I got/was criticised/scolded.
58.He encouraged/comforted/inspired her.
59.They are both passionate about acting and interested in people.
60.He is a good/devoted/caring/loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.
Or: He is always supportive/a source of strength. Whenever she is in trouble, he is there for her.
【2018年高考天津卷】
阅读表达
Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their life.
When I was a little girl, my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One
day after school, while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these steps lead to? Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.
I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top! But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mom would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.
Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be a castle up there? Maybe I would find a monster(怪物). Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home. Or, maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing! But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.
Now we live in a world surrounded by the "can’t do" attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what’s at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream! Never let anyone tell you, "You can’t." Dream big and climb high!
56. What made the author start to climb up the stairs to the mountain top? (no more than 5 words)
57. Why did the author hurry back home without reaching the top of the mountain? Give two reasons. (no more than 15 words)
58. How would you describe the author in terms of personalities according to Paragraph 4? (no more than 10 words)
59. How do you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? (no more than 5 words)
60. What’s your attitude towards the "mountain" in your life? Please explain. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】
56. Curiosity made her do so.
Or:The desire to explore.
57. Because it was getting dark，and she didn’t want her mo ther to worry about her.
Or:Because she was seared，and might not be able to find her/the way back home.
58. She had rich imagination and she was brave.
Or:She was a brave and determined girl with rich imagination.
Or:She was imaginative and determined，and she dared to explore.
Or:She was imaginative，adventurous and determined.
59. We all sometimes fail.
Or:We face failure/defeat/hardships/challenges in life.
Or:There are difficulties/barriers/obstacles in life.
Or:We run into trouble sometimes.
Or:We have trouble in life.
60. I will try to reach my goal because I want to live an exciting life.
Or:I will try to reach/get to the top of the“mountain”because I want to be successful in life.
阅读下面的短文并根据短文后的要求答题。

（注意问题后的词数要求）
[1] Usually when your teacher asks a question there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of correct answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer but everyone is correct. Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?
[2] People’s first names or given names are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents ______________________. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.
[3] Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a
lio n”.
[4] The earliest last names or surnames were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook(小溪)；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.
[5] Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans.
[6] The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.
[7] Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin or their size or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.
[8] Some family names were made by adding something to the fath er’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are de scendants of the same Donnell.
小题1:What is the best title of the passage? （Within 10 words）
小题2:Please fill in the blank in the 2nd paragraph with proper words to complete the sentence. （Within 10 words.）
小题3:According to the passage what job did the ancestors of the Potter family most probably do? 小题4:List two aspects that the surnames cover in the passage.
1) 2）
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in the 7th paragraph into Chinese.
【答案】
小题1:The origin and meaning(s) of names.
小题2: choose the name of a well-known person
小题3: They most probably made pots and pans.
小题4: 1) Places where people lived. 2) People’s occupations. 3) Talents that people possessed. (任选两个)小题5: 有时人们因为他们头发的颜色或肤色，或者他们的高矮胖瘦或特殊的才能而为大家所熟知。

阅读表达
Let me tell you about five of the enemies we face from within．The first enemy that you’ve got to destroy before it destroys you is indifference．What a tragic disease this is! “Ho-hum，let it slide. I’ll just drift along．” Here’s one problem with drifting：you can’t drift your way to the top of the mountain．
The second enemy we face is indecision(优柔寡断). Indecision is the thief of opportunity and enterprise．It will steal your chances for a better future．Take a sword to this enemy．
The third enemy inside is doubt．Sure，there’s room for healthy skepticism．You can’t believe everything．But you also can’t let doubt take over．Many people doubt the past, doubt the future，doubt each other，doubt the government，doubt the possibilities and doubt the opportunities． , they doubt themselves．I’m telling you，doubt will destroy your life and your chances of success．It will empty both your bank account and your heart．Doubt is all enemy．Get rid of it．
The fourth enemy within is worry．We’ve all got to worry some．Just don’t let it conquer you．Instead, let it alarm you．Worry can be useful．If you step off the curb (路边) in New York City and a taxi is coming，you’ve got to worry．But you can’t let worry loose like a mad dog that drives you into a small corner．Here’s what you’ve got to do with your worries：drive them into a small corner. Whatever is out to get you，you’ve got to get it．Whatever is p ushing on you, you’ve got to push back．
The fifth enemy is overcaution. It is the timid (胆小的) approach to life．Timidity is not a virtue；it’s an illness．If you let it go，it’ll conquer you．Timid people don’t get promoted．They don’t advance and grow and be come powerful in the marketplace．You’ve got to avoid overcaution．
小题1:What’s the best title for this passage? (Within 8 words)
.
小题2:List three enemies inside that might prevent you from getting promoted．(Within 5 words) .
小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words or phrases．(Within 5 words)
.
小题4:Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
However，you shouldn’t be forced into a small room by the worry beyond control．
.
小题5:Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese．
【答案】
小题1:Facing the Enemies from Within．
小题2:indifference，indecision，doubt，worry，overcaution．(其中三个)
小题3:Besides／Even worse／Worse still／Worse of all等
小题4:But you can’t let worry loose like a mad dog that drives you into a small comer．
小题5: 无论是什么推动了你，你必须把它推回去。

阅读表达
阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到相应的位置上(请注意问题后的词数要求)。

[1]Cooking carrots whole before chopping them up increases their anti-cancer properties by 25 percent, researchers say.
[2]Leaving the vegetable intact (完整的) prevents valuable nutrients from being easily washed away into water. They can then be chopped up once cooked without loss of nutrients.
[3]Carrots have long been prized for their health benefits, especially their vitamin and fiber content. They contain huge amounts of carotenoids（类胡萝卜素）which are converted into vitamin A in the body. They are also an excellent source of the anti-cancer compound falcarion (镰叶芹醇). In a previous study, Dr Kirsten Brandt found rats fed on a diet containing carrots or isolated falcarino were less likely to develop tumors than those which were not.
[4]They also found that carrots boiled before they were cut contained 25 percent more falcarino than those that were chopped up first. Carrots which are cut have a higher surface area in contact。