2 代词—专升本英语语法

注意： 1） oneself 有单复数之分 * I enjoy myself. * Children, help yourselves to some fish. 2）反身代词可以加强名词或代词的语气，一般表示“ 亲自，本人”的意思。 I can manage it myself. 我自己能处理。 3）反身代词的动词短语。 （P25）
2. it 可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人. — Who is the person over there? — It is the headteacher.
3.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语 后移，使句子显得平稳。
It’s hard to reach the apples. 很难够到苹果。 It’s good for you taking a walk after supper.
专升本英语语法
——代词篇
代词的分类
人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 不定代词 指示代词 疑问代词
人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾 格两种形式。
第一 第二 第三人称单数 第一 第二 人 人 第三人 人称 人称 阳性 阴性 中性 称复数 称单 称单 复数 复数 数 数 I you he she it we you they (他 (我) (你) (他) (她) (它) (我 (你 们,她们, 们) 们) 它们) me You him her it us you them (我) (你) (他) (她) (她) (我 (你 (他们, 们) 们) 她们,它 们)
几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词 1.some/any some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中 There are some flowers in front of the house. any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句 Do you have any picture-books?
注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句 中，希望对方给予肯定的回答或料想对方会作肯定回答。 Would you like some meat? 你想要些肉吗？ May I ask some questions? 我可以问问题吗？ Could I have some apples? 我可以吃苹果吗？ Will you give me some water? 你能给我些水吗？
1. --- Who is knocking at the door? --- I don’t know . I was lying in the bed and just ask who ____ was. A. he B. she C. it
2. I can’t find my hat . I don’t know where I put ____. A. one B. it C. that
1.The man is rich , he can buy ___ a lot of things .
A. he
B. his
C. himself
2. --- What a lovely card ! Where did you buy it? --- I made it by _____. A. me B. myself C. itself
2. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 单数场合：you＋he/she＋I You, she and I all enjoy the music. 你我她都喜欢音乐。 复数场合：we＋you＋they We,you and they are all Chinese. 男女并列场合：he＋she He and she don't agree with me.
2.“of +名词性物主代词”表示所属 A sister of his is a nurse. 他的一个妹妹是个护士。 Tom is a friend of mine.
汤姆是我的一个朋友。
1. She is a friend of ________. A. my B. mine C. I 2. This isn’t my pen ,it is _____. A. her B. his C. him 3. Frank can’t find ____ dictionary . Can you lend ____ to _____? A. her , mine , her B. / , yours , he C. his , yours , him
反身代词
人称 分类
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单 数myself源自yourselfhimself herself
itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
1. 反身代词常见固定搭配 ① 过得愉快 enjoy oneself ②自学 teach / learn oneself sth. ③ 请随便吃… help oneself to sth. ④ 自言自语 say to oneself ⑤ 独自 by oneself ⑥ 为自己 for oneself ⑦ 不要客气 make oneself at home ⑧ 陶醉／沉浸于 lose oneself in… ⑨ 自己穿衣服 dress oneself ⑩ 照顾自己 look after oneself
对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。
it 的常用结构： A. 代替动名词： it is no use doing sth. 做某事没用。 it is no good doing sth. 做某事没好处。 B.代替that从句 it is a pity that.... 可惜的是。。。 it is a fact that... 事实上是。。。 it is certain that... 一定。。。 it is necessary that... 有必要。。。 it happened that... 碰巧。。。 it is said that... 据说。。。 it is reported that... 据报道。。。 it turns out that... 结果是。。。
it,one, the one, ones, the ones, that 与those的区别 it,one, the one, ones, the ones, that 与those都可 以替代上文出现过的名词，但它们所指代的情况不同。 具体区别如下： 其中it通常用来指代上文提到过的那个事物，表示特指 概念，即指代同一物。 I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don't have enough money to buy it. 其余几个词替代上文提到的名词时不表示同一个，而 是同一类。除了替代不同类型的名词外，还有泛指与特 指的区别。 P28 替代不可数名词只能用that。
5. 某人花费…做某事 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 6. 自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。 It is / has been + 时段 + since + 从句(过去时)
7. 某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是…的 find sb. think + it + adj. to do feel
若可能引起误解，就不能用宾格代替主格。 He loves you more than I. 他爱我胜过我爱你。 He loves you more than me. 他爱你胜过爱我。 4.用来表示感叹时，常用宾格形式。 Dear me！ 天哪！ Goodness me！ 天哪!
She的用法： she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等，以 表达喜爱、亲切之情。 We love our motherland, we hope she’ll be stronger and bigger. 我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。 The ship is leaving. She’s on her first trip to Boston. 轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。
1.I found ___ very difficult to make progress in my study . A. it’s B. it C. that 2. It __ my father a whole month to go on business .
A. spent
B. cost
3. I can’t find my hat . I think I must buy a new __. A. it B. one C. that
固定句型 1. 做某事情对某人来说是… It is + adj. (+for sb.) +to do sth. It is hard for me to do this work. 2. 轮到某人做… It’s one’s turn to do sth. It’s your turn to clean the room. 3. 是（某人）做某事的时候了 It’s time (for sb.) to do sth. It’s time for you to do the homework. 4. 据说… It’s said that … It’s said that your teacher leave our school.
主 格
宾 格
1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格。 They all like him very much. 他们都很喜欢他。 She gave the books to you and me. 这些书是她送给你和我的。 2.在it is/was...that/who...强调句型中，若被强调部分作 主语，虽然跟在is/was后，也用主格形式。 It is I who did it. 这件事是我做的。 3.在比较状语从句中，在不引起误解的前提下，有时用 宾格代词代替主格代词。 Jack is as good a student as he/him.
4. ____ school is much bigger than ____.
A. Our , their
B. Ours , theirs
C. Our , theirs
5. The dog is so poor because ____ leg is badly hurt . A. it B. its C. it’s
C. took
二.物主代词
人 称 分 类 形 his her its their my our your your 容 词 性 名 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 词 性 第一人称 第二人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 第三人称 单数 复数
2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系： 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词 注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还 是复数。 These books aren't ours. Ours are new. (our books = ours) This is not our room. Ours is over there. (our room = ours)
it的用法： 1. it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环 境等。 What’s the weather like today? – It’s windy. 今天的天气怎么样？- 有风。 It’s about five minutes’ walk from home to school. 从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。
3. “Help ____ to some chicken ,”my mother said to the guests. A. yourself B. yourselves C. your
不定代词 不明确指代某个人、某些人、某些食物 的代词叫做不定代词。 all, each, every, both, either, neither none, one, little, few, many, much other, another, some, any, no one 由some, any, no, every 等构成的合成代词