话题三 科普环保-冲刺2021年高考英语阅读理解热点话题专练(解析版) - 副本

话题三科普环保
No.1
（2020. 河北省衡水中学高考模拟压轴卷）A new device works like a solar panel，except that it doesn’t harvest energy from the sun. It absorbs energy from the cold night sky.
A prototype(原型)of the device produced enough electricity at night to power a small light bulb. A bigger version might one day light rooms or charge phones. It also could power electronics in remote or low-resource areas that lack electricity.
The device makes use of the temperature difference between Earth and outer space. It then uses that difference to create electricity. As long as one side of it is cooler than the other，the generator can produce electricity. The cooler side faces the sky and is attached to an aluminum plate. That plate is sealed beneath a transparent cover and surrounded with insulation(隔热材料) to keep out heat. The bottom of the generator is attached to an exposed aluminum plate. That plate is warmed by the local air. At night，the top plate can get a couple of degrees Celsius cooler than the bottom of the generator.
Researchers tested a 20-centimeter prototype one clear December night in Stanford，California. The generator produced up to about 25 milliwatts of power per square meter of device. That was enough power to light a small light-emitting diode，or LED bulb. Further improvements might increase its production to at least 500 milliwatts per square meter. To do that，the system might need more insulation around the cool top plate.
The device also could help power remote weather stations or other environmental devices，says Aaswath Raman. He is a materials scientist who worked on the device at the University of California，Los Angeles. This may be useful in polar regions that don’t see sunlight for months at a time，Raman says. “If you have some low-power load and you need to power it through three months of darkness，this might be a way. ”
1. What can we know about the new device?
A. It gains energy from the sun.
B. It’s been widely used in life.
C. It is cooler than a solar panel.
D. It’ll be pop ular in special areas.
2. What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 3?
A. Application fields of the device.
B. The developing process of the device.
C. The working principle of the device.
D. Significant effects of the device.
3 How can the device produce more electricity?
A. By putting more insulation around the top plate.
B. By using it in extremely cold and clear nights.
C. By attaching the bottom plate to a warm plate.
D. By covering the top plate with a transparent lid.
4. What could be a suitable title for the text?
A. A Device Using the Cold Night Sky to Produce Electricity
B. A Device Bringing New Hope for Those in the Cold Night
C. The Difference Between a Solar Panel and a New Device
D. The Temperature Difference Between Earth and Outer Space
【答案解析】
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. A
这是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了一项最新的科研发明——反太阳能电池板，它可以从寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通过利用地表和远处空间的温差来产生电能。

目前的研究成果是它可以成功为一只小灯泡提供电能。

【1题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第二段的最后一句“It also could power electronics in remote or low-resource areas that lack electricity.”和最后一段的最后两句“If you have some low-power load and you need to power it through three months of darkness，this might be a way.”可知，这种装置在一些偏远地区或缺电的地区帮助发电；另外，在极地地区数月不见阳光，这种装置可以帮助发电照明。

由此可推知，这个新设备在会在一些特殊地区受欢迎。

故选D项。

【2题详解】
主旨大意题。

根据第三段The device makes use of the temperature difference between Earth and outer space. It then uses that difference to create electricity. As long as one side of it is cooler than the other，the generator can produce electricity. The cooler side faces the sky and is attached to an aluminum plate. That plate is sealed beneath a transparent cover and surrounded with insulation(隔热材料) to keep out heat. The bottom of the generator is attached to an exposed
aluminum plate. That plate is warmed by the local air. At night，the top plate can get a couple of degrees Celsius cooler than the bottom of the generator.该装置利用地球和外层空间的温差。

然后它利用这种差异来发电。

只要它的一边比另一边冷，发电机就能发电。

较冷的一面面朝天空，与一块铝板相连。

那块板被密封在一个透明的盖子下面，周围有保温材料来阻挡热量。

发电机的底部连接在一块暴露的铝板上。

那个盘子被当地的空气加热了。

晚上，顶板的温度比发电机底部的温度低几摄氏度。

由此可推知第三段主要讲了这个设备发电的主要工作原理。

故选C项。

【3题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第四段中“T o do that，the system might need more insulation around the cool top plate”可知，此处To do that是指前一句“让这装置产生更多的电量”。

因此，该装置系统需要在上面的金属板四周安装更多的隔热材料才可以产生更多的电能。

故选A项。

【4题详解】
主旨大意题。

文章第一段“A new device works like a solar panel，except that it doesn’t harvest energy from the sun. It absorbs energy from the cold night sky.”一种新的装置像太阳能电池板一样工作，只是它不从太阳获取能量。

它从寒冷的夜空吸收能量。

点明了文章主题，结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项最新的科研发明，这种科技可以从寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通过利用地表和远处空间的温差来产生电能。

所以短文的最佳标题为“利用寒冷的夜空发电的装置”。

故选A项。

No.2
(2020. 河北省衡水市第二中学高三二模)A butterfly’s wings can have many jobs besides keeping the insect high up in the air. They may be used to attract mates, or to warn potential attackers to stay away. All of these roles, though, depend on their unchanging colouration. This plays into the idea that butterfly wings are dead tissue, like a bird’s feathers. In fact, that’s not true. For example, in some species males’ wings have special cells releasing some chemicals which attract females.
Nanfang Yu, a physicist at Columbia University, in New York, has been looking into the
matter. Together with Naomi Pierce, a butterfly specialist at Harvard University, he has now shown, in a paper published in Nature Communications in February, 2020, that butterfly wings are, indeed, very much alive.
In their experiments, the two researchers used a laser(激光) to heat up spots on the wings of dozens of butterfly species. When the temperature of the area under the laser reached 40°C or so, the insects responded within seconds by doing things that stopped their wings heating up further. These actions included a butterfly turning around to minimize its profile to the laser, moving its wings up and down or simply walking away.
Butterflies engaged in all of these heat-minimising activities even when the researchers blindfolded them. That suggested the relevant sensors were on the wings themselves. Dr Yu and Dr Pierce therefore searched those wings for likely looking sensory cells. They found some, in the form of neurons(神经元) that were similar to heat detectors known from other insects. They also uncovered disc-shaped cells that appeared to be similar to pressure-sensitive neurons. They guess that these are there to detect deformation of the wing—information an insect could use to control its flight pattern.
The third discovery they made to contradict the “dead wing” idea was that some butterfly wings have a heartbeat. A butterfly’s wings have veins(静脉). These carry a bloodlike liquid which, researchers have now found in males, shows a pulse(脉搏) of several dozen beats per minute. The source of this pulse appears to be the scent(气味) pad, a dark spot on the wings that produces the female-attracting chemicals. Apparently, this “wing heart” acts as a pump that helps bloodlike liquid through the scent pad.
In all their experiments simulating different environmental conditions, Dr Yu and Dr Pierce consistently found that, different parts of the wing are covered by different sorts of scales(鳞屑). In particular, tubes pass through scales over the scent pads. This improves their ability to spread heat away and help s keep the living parts of a butterfly’s wings alive.
1. A bird’s feathers are mentioned in Paragraph 1 to _____.
A. introduce the latest research findings on a bird
B. highlight the special feature of a bird’s feathers
C. show common knowledge about butterfly wings
D. stress the difference between a butterfly and a bird
2. What can we learn from Dr Yu and Dr Pierce’s experiments?
A. Butterfly wings are complicated living organs.
B. Butterfly wings have little reaction to external heat.
C. The scent pads on some male butterfly wings are their hearts.
D. Heat-minimising activities help detect deformation of the wings.
3. What is the function of scales over the scent pads?
A. Attracting mates.
B. Increasing blood flow.
C. Covering powerful tubes.
D. Producing the cooling effect.
4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Seeing Is Believing
B. More Than Meets The Eye
C. Nothing Seek, Nothing Find
D. Fine Feathers Make Fine Birds
【答案解析】
1. C
2. A
3. D
4. B
本文是一篇说明文。

本文主要介绍了蝴蝶的翅膀除了能让其在空中飞得很高外，还有许多功能，并文中详细介绍了这些功能，旨在告诉我们有些事情并不像看到的那样简单。

【1题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第一段中的“This plays into the idea that butterfly wings are dead tissue, like a bird’s feathers. In fact, that’s not true. For example, in some species males’ wings have special cells releasing some chemicals which attract females.”可知，第一段提到鸟的羽毛是为了说明蝴蝶翅膀的常识。

故选C项。

【2题详解】
细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“In all their experiments simulating different environmental conditions, Dr Yu and Dr Pierce consistently found that, different parts of the wing are covered by different sorts of scales(鳞屑).”可知，从Dr Yu 和Dr Pierce的实验中我们可以知道蝴蝶翅膀是复杂的活器官。

故选A项。

【3题详解】
细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“In particular, tubes pass through scales over the scent pads. This improves their ability to spread he at away”可知，气味垫上的鳞片的作用是产生冷却效果。

故选D项。

【4题详解】
主旨大意题。

纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了蝴蝶的翅膀除了能让其在空中飞得很高外，还有许多功能，并文中详细介绍了这些功能。

由此可推知，本文主要的目的是告诉我们有些事情并不像看到的那样简单。

A项意为“眼见为实”；B项意为“超出所见，事情并不像看到的那样简单”；C项意为“无所求，则无所获”；D项意为“人要衣装,佛要金装”。

故选B项。

No.3
(2020. 河北省衡水市第二中学高三二模)“Changing the world” mi ght seem like an unrealistic goal. When faced with huge problems such as air pollution or energy shortages, where do you start? Taoyuan-based Gogoro believes you start with a scooter.
1. Compared with other electric scooters, the Smart-scooter___________.
A. can recharge itself in Gostations in mega-cities
B. only needs to change batteries in Gostations
C. wouldn't need to be recharged at all in life
D. can be recharged by its users in Gostations
2. Gogoro scooters are popular and revolutionary mainly because__________.
A. their color1 s are chosen by a famous color1 designer
B. their color1 s are different from those of others
C. it is a good way for people to consume energy
D. it can help us solve the problem of energy short
3. What can we conclude from the passage?
A. More GoStations may appear in more and more cities.
B. GoStations will soon entirely take the place of traditional stations.
C. People need not go to GoStations especially during peak hours.
D. More big cities will appear throughout the world in the future.
【答案解析】
1. B
2. C
3. A
这是一篇说明文。

“改变世界”似乎是一个不切实际的目标。

文章介绍当面临空气污染或能源短缺等重大问题时，我们应该采取什么样的措施。

Taoyuan-based Gogoro认为你可以从踏板车开始。

文章主要介绍了Gogoro推出了一款名为“智能滑板车”的电动滑板车的情况，介绍了其优点和未来的发展方向等。

【1题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段中Unlike most electric scooters. This one wouldn’t need to plugged in to recharge. Instead, users would stop by GoStations to exchange drained batteries for fully charged ones.可知不像大多数电动摩托车，这款摩托车不需要充电。

相反，用户会在加油站停下来，将耗尽的电池换成充满电的电池。

由此可知，与其他电动滑板车相比，这款智能滑
板车只需要更换加油站的电池即可。

故选B。

【2题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第四段中But most important of all, Gogoro continues to pave the way toward a future of responsible energy consumption.可知但最重要的是，Gogoro将继续为未来负责任的能源消费铺平道路。

由此可知，Gogoro滑板车之所以流行和具有革命性，主要是因为它是人们消耗能源的一种好方式。

故选C。

【3题详解】
推理判断题。

根据最后一段The Smart-scooters s definitely ingenious, but there’s more “At Gogoro, I think the essential thing is that we want to change how people use energy. And the Smart-scooters is only the beginning. ”says Horace Luke, Gogoro co-founder and CEO. This is where the GoStation comes in.可知，智能滑板车确实很有创意，但Gogoro联合创始人兼首席执行官Horace Luke表示“在Gogoro，我认为最重要的是我们想要改变人们使用能源的方式。

”智能滑板车只是个开始。

”这就是GoStation的作用。

由此可推知，越来越多的城市可能会出现更多的加油站。

故选A。

No. 4
(2020. 广东省顺德区高三四模)By analyzing the movement of the smile across a person’s face, the software developed by researchers at the University of Bradford can determine whether or not the expression is true. The most significant movements detected by the software were around the eyes, supporting popular theories that a true smile is one that can be seen in a person’s eyes.
“A smile is perhaps the most common of facial expressions and is a powerful way of signaling positive emotions (情绪)” says Hassan Ugail, Professor of Visual Computing at the University of Bradford, who led the research. “Techniques for analyzing human facial expressions have advanced a lot in recent years but distinguishing between true and false smiles remains a challenge because humans are not good at picking up the relevant messages.”
The software works by first mapping a person's face from within a video recording, and identifying the mouth, cheeks and eyes of the subject. It then measures how they move through the progress of the smile and calculates the differences in movement between the video pieces showing true and false smiles. They found significant differences in the way the subjects' mouths and cheeks moved when comparing the true and the false expressions. The movements around the
subjects’ eyes, however, showed the most striking difference, with true smiles producing at least 10 percent more movement in these muscles (肌肉).
“We use two main sets of muscles when we smile —the zygomaticus major, which is responsible for the movements upwards of the mouth and the orbicularis oculi which causes movements around our eyes,” explains Professor Ugail. In false smiles it is often only the mouth muscles that move but, as humans we often don’t spot the lack of movement around the eyes.
He adds, “An objective way of analyzing whether or not a smile is true could help us develop improved interactions (互动) between computers and humans. It could also be important to scientists aiming to gain more understanding into human behavior and emotion.”
1. Why is it hard for humans to recognize a false smile?
A. Humans are good at hiding their smiles.
B. The relevant details are hard to catch for our eyes.
C. Humans often put on too many facial expressions.
D. Techniques for analyzing facial expressions are hard to develop.
2. What do the researchers find by the software?
A. People usually use two main sets of muscles when smiling.
B. True smiles produce more muscle movement around eyes.
C. Mouths and cheeks move the same for true and false smiles.
D. True smiles are a powerful way of signaling positive emotions.
3. What can we infer from Professor Hassan Ugail?
A. There are different sets of muscles on every human’s face.
B. The software can improve humans’ behavior and emotion.
C. Humans can spot the movement around the eyes in true smiles.
D. The interactions between computers and humans remain to be improved.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A. Eyes Can Smile
B. Smiles Can Show One's Personality
C. More Smiles, Longer lives
D. True Smiles, False Movements
【答案解析】
1. B 2 B 3. D 4. A
这是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了布拉德福德大学的研究人员开发了一款软件，这款软件能根据眼睛分析一个人的微笑是否真实。

【1题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段中Techniques for analyzing human facial expressions have advanced a lot in recent years but distinguishing between true and false smiles remains a challenge because humans are not good at picking up the relevant messages.可知，近年来，分析人类面部表情的技术有了很大进步，但辨别真假微笑仍然是个挑战，因为人类不善于识别相关信息。

由此可知，人们很难识别假笑是因为我们的肉眼很难捕捉到相关的细节信息。

故选B项。

【2题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第三段中The moveme nts around the subjects’ eyes, however, showed the most striking difference, with true smiles producing at least 10 percent more movement in these muscles (肌肉).可知，然而，受试者眼部周围的运动表现出最明显的不同，真正的微笑至少能使这些肌肉多活动10%。

由此可知，真正的微笑会使眼睛周围的肌肉运动更多。

故选B 项。

【3题详解】
推理判断题。

根据最后一段H e adds, “An objective way of analyzing whether or not a smile is true could help us develop improved interactions (互动) between computers and humans. It could also be important to scientists aiming to gain more understanding into human behavior and emotion.”可知，他补充道：“分析微笑是否真实的客观方法可以帮助我们改善计算机与人类之间的互动。

这对那些希望更多地了解人类行为和情感的科学家来说也很重要。

”由此可知，Hassan Ugail教授认为计算机与人之间的交互作用仍有待改进。

故选D项。

【4题详解】
主旨大意题。

根据第一段By analyzing the movement of the smile across a person’s face, the software developed by researchers at the University of Bradford can determine whether or not the expression is true. The most significant movements detected by the software were around the eyes, supporting popular theories that a true smile is one that can be seen in a person’s eyes.可知，布拉德福德大学的研究人员开发了一款软件，通过分析一个人脸上笑容的移动，可以判断这个表情是否真实。

该软件检测到的最重要的动作是眼睛周围，这支持了一个流行的理论，即真正的微笑是可以从一个人的眼睛中看到的。

由此可知，本文主要介绍了一款软件能根据眼睛分
析微笑是否真实，也就是眼睛能够看出微笑，因此文章的最佳标题是“眼睛能微笑”。

故选A 项。

No. 5
（2020. 广东省深圳市普通高中高三线上统一测试）Rivers are the veins of the Earth, transporting the water and nutrients (营养物) ne eded to support the planet’s ecosystems, including human life. While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life, there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet — carbon.
Carbon is everywhere and understanding the way it moves and is either released or stored by the Earth system is a complex science in itself. Carbon starts its journey downstream when natural acid rain, which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, melts minerals in rocks. This helps transform carbon dioxide to bicarbonate (碳酸氢盐) in the water that then flows in our rivers. This is a very long process, which is one of the main ways carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. Carbon is transported by rivers to oceans and once that carbon reaches the ocean, it is stored naturally in deep sea sediments (沉淀物) for millions of years.
As carbon travels down a river, different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downstream or whether it is released into the atmosphere. For example, human engineering, like extensive dam construction, will result in dramatic changes to how water and sediments travel down the river. Some carbon that fails to reach the sea may return to the atmosphere in some way, which causes more warming.
Earth’s climate is closely related to the carbon cycle. We all know about the essential role of plants in consuming carbon dioxide, but do we know enough about rivers? Changing the chemistry and the course of rivers may have significant impacts on how they transport carbon. Remember: wherever we live, we all live downstream.
1. Where is the carbon in rivers originally from?
A. The atmosphere.
B. The rocks.
C. The acid rain.
D. The upstream areas.
2. Why is human engineering mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. To show how important to life carbon is.
B. To explain how necessary it is to build dams.
C. To show how a natural process is interrupted.
D. To explain how humans fight global warming.
3. What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?
A. We’d better move upstream to live.
B. We should protect plants along rivers.
C. We’d better seek more help from plants.
D. We should be cautious about river management.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A. What Humans Do with Rivers
B. How Rivers’ Transporting Carbon Counts
C. What the Carbon Cycle Means to Us
D. How Living Downstream Affects the Earth
【答案解析】
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. B
这是一篇说明文。

文章主要描述了河流对于运输碳的重要性以及人类工程对河流的破坏，号召人们要小心河流的管理。

【1题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章第二段内容“Carbon s tarts its journey downstream when natural acid rain, which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, melts minerals in rocks.( 当含有大气中二氧化碳的天然酸雨融化岩石中的矿物质时，碳就开始了它的下游之旅。

)”可知，河流里的碳最初来自于大气。

故选A项。

【2题详解】
推理判断题。

根据文章倒数第二段内容“For example, human engineering, like ex tensive dam construction, will result in dramatic changes to how water and sediments travel down the river.( 例如，人类工程，像大规模的水坝建设，将导致水和沉积物如何沿河流流动的巨大变化。

)”可知，提到人类工程是为了说明前一句内容“different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downstream or whether it is released into the atmosphere.( 不同的过程可能会影响它是否继续向下游流动或是否释放到大气中。

)”，从而解释了人类的干预性。

故选C项。

【3题详解】
推理判断题。

根据文章末尾段内容“Earth’s climate is closely related to the carbon cycle. We all know about the essential role of plants in consuming carbon dioxide, but do we know enough
about rivers? Changing the chemistry and the course of rivers may have significant impacts on how they transport carbon. Remember: wherever we live, we all live downstream.( 地球的气候与碳循环密切相关。

我们都知道植物在消耗二氧化碳方面的重要作用，但我们对河流了解的够多吗?改变化学物质和河流的流向可能会对它们运输碳的方式产生重大影响。

记住:无论我们生活在哪里，我们都生活在下游。

)”可知，作者在末尾段想要传达的信息是人类对于河流的干预会影响它们运输碳的方式，而人类需要在河流管理方法小心谨慎。

故选D项。

【4题详解】
主旨大意题。

根据文章首段提到的中心话题：While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life, there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet — carbon.( 虽然许多营养物质对生命的生存至关重要，但河流中有一种元素是生命和地球未来的关键——碳。

)，且文章内容主要描述了河流运输碳有非常重要的价值。

选项B“How Rivers’ Transporting Carbon Counts(河流如何运输碳)”可作为最佳标题。

故选B项。

No. 6
(2020. 广东省揭阳市2020届高三教学摸底测试)Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesn’t change. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.”
However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASA orbiter Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera. They found that there were lots of faults (断层) on the surface of the moon. These faults were formed by recent movement on the moon.
According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down. Then it began to shrink, in a way comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin (葡萄干) . Over the past several hundred million years, it has become 46 meters “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky crust (外壳), the moon’s surface continues to push up. “Some of these q uakes can be fairly strong around five on the Richter scale,” said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum in the US.
But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldn’t try to explore and
liv e on in the future? Maybe not, reported the Telegraph, “This isn’t anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. It’s not going anywhere,” Watters comforted us.
The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring p lace is wrong. “We have been to the moon and we’ve done some great science, but there is still a lot we don’t know. The moon is shrinking —we didn’t really realize that until recently. It’s a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we s hould explore that,” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said.
1. Why does the writer quote the poem?
A. To praise the beauty of the moon.
B. To show people’s long-standing idea of the moon size.
C. To arouse people’s interest in the topic.
D. To get readers familiar with the poem.
2. Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree to?
A. It is becoming slightly smaller.
B. It stays the same as before.
C. It is getting older and older.
D. It may disappear one day.
3. What can we learn about the moon from the third paragraph?
A. It has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding.
B. It has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years.
C. It quakes even at seven on the Richter scale.
D. It has a hot core and releases energy when expanding.
4. Who thinks that we needn’t worry about the moon?
A. Zhang Ruoxu.
B. Thomas Watters.
C. Nathan Williams
D. The journalist.
5. What does Nathan Williams think of the moon?
A. It is a dead and boring place.
B. It has lots of faults on the surface.
C. It is worth exploring more
D. It isn’t a place where we can live.
【答案解析】
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. C
这是一篇说明文。

月球并非如唐代诗人张若虚在诗中描绘的那样是亘古不变的。

一项最新的科学研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小。

此外，这项研究还表明月球还有许多我们不
了解的东西，它是一个比我们认为的更活跃、更有意思的地方，我们应该探索它。

【1题详解】
推理判断题。

作者在第一段内引用了张若虚的诗句“Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.（人生代代无穷已，江月年年只相似）”。

根据语篇结构，段落内的举例一定是服务于段落中心意思的。

根据第一段首句“Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesn’t change.（我们很多人都认为，月亮是不变的）”可知，这个诗句就是用来证明人们对于月亮的大小的长久以来的观点。

故选B。

【2题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句“However, a new study shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time（然而，一项新的发表在《自然地球科学》上的研究表明，月球实际上正在随着时间慢慢地缩小）以及第二段内对于月亮上断层的解释可知，作者引用这些研究发现，证明月亮正在慢慢变小，说明作者也是这样认为的。

故选A。

【3题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第三段前三句中的“According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process，it released energy（美国宇航局认为，月亮由带有一个热核的岩石块组成，当它形成时月球在持续膨胀，在这个过程中它会释放能量。

）”可知，月球有一个热核并且膨胀时释放能量。

故选D。

【4题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第四段中Thomas Watters 说的话“This isn’t anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. It’s not going anywhere（没有什么担心的。

月亮在缩小，但是不多。

不会缩小到哪里去的。

）”可知，Thomas Waters认为我们不必担心月球。

故选B。

【5题详解】
细节理解题。

根据最后一段中Nathan Williams说的话“It’s a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that（它是一个比我们想象的更加活跃和有趣的地方，我们应该探索它）”可知，Nathan Williams认为月球是有价值的，值得探索。

故选C。

No. 7
(2020. 广东省广州市番禺区高三月考)Many people will be familiar with automated writing through Gmail. Smart Reply provides brief answers to routine emails. If someone asks
“Do you want to meet at 3 pm?”, Gmail offers one-click responses such as “Sure!”
The New Yorker’s John Seabrook recently described a more powerful version of this technology, called GPT-2, which can ably mimic (模拟) his magazine’s style. Such systems use a digital network of billions of artificial “neurons”(神经元) with virtual “synapses”—the connections between neurons —that strengthen as the network “learns”, in this case from 40 gigabytes（千兆字节）—worth of online writing. The version Mr. Seabrook tested was polished with back-issues of the New Yorker.
The metaphor of the brain is attractive, but “neurons”and “synapses”deserve those scare-quotes ( 双引号). The system is merely making some—admittedly very complex—statistical guesses about which words follow which in a New Yorker-style sentence.
What escapes computers is creativity. They cannot create a topic or goal on their own, much less plan how to get there with logic and style. At various points in the online version of his article, readers can see how GPT-2 would have carried on writing Mr. Seabrook’s piece for him. The writing gives the impression of being human. But on closer inspection it is empty, even incoherent.
Meaningless writing is the preserve of artificial intelligence. But to truly write, you must first have something to say. Computers do not. They await instructions. To compose meaningful essays, the likes of GPT-2 will first have to be integrated with databases of real-world knowledge.
1. Why does the author mention Gmail in the first paragraph?
A. To prepare for the introduction of the topic.
B. To advertise the powerful Gmail.
C. To describe the feature of Gmail.
D. To prove the strength of the Gmail.
2. In what way is GPT-2 more powerful than Gmail?
A. It is creative.
B. It has neurons with synapses.
C. It can offer quick answers.
D. It can follow a certain writing style.
3. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. GPT-2 is powerful because it is integrated to real-world knowledge.
B. GPT-2 has already been able to write meaningful essays.
C. GPT-2 still has a long way to write like humans.
D. GPT-2 can help Mr. Seabrook with writing very well.
4. Where is the passage taken from?
A. A brochure.
B. An advertisement.
C. A magazine.
D. An essay.
【答案解析】
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. C
本文是说明文，介绍了计算机自动写作功能的更强大的版本——GPT-2，它可以巧妙地模仿杂志的风格，但是写出来的文章，如果仔细检查，就会觉得空洞，甚至是不连贯的。

要写出有意义的文章，像GPT-2这类的项目首先必须与现实世界的知识数据库相结合。

机器写手无法完全取代人类。

【1题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第二段“The New Yorker’s John Seabrook recently described a more powerful version of this technology, called GPT-2（纽约人John Seabrook最近描述了这项技术的一个更强大的版本，称为GPT-2）”可以推断，文章第1段中举出Gmail自动写作技术的例子，是为了引出下文关于GPT-2的话题。

故选A项。

【2题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段“…. a more powerful version of this technology, called GPT-2,which can ably mimic (模拟) his magazine’s style”可知，计算机自动写作功能更强大的版本GPT-2可以巧妙地模仿杂志的风格。

所以GPT-2可以遵循一定的写作风格方面比Gmail更强大。

故选D项。

【3题详解】
推理判断题。

根据第五段“To compose meaningful essays, the likes of GPT-2 will first have to be integrated with databases of real-world knowledge（要写出有意义的文章，像GPT-2这样的项目首先必须与真实世界的知识数据库相结合）”可以推断，GPT-2技术要像人那样写出有意义的文章，还需要更多的研究，还有很长的路要走。

故选C项。

【4题详解】
推理判断题。

本文是关于电脑自动写作功能更强大的版本——GPT-2的介绍，是关于人工智能研究的话题，应该是来自于科学杂志。

故选C项。

No.8
（2020. 广东省广州市高三月考）。