2020年高考英语易错题集锦 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词引导的定语从句
（要点精讲）
一、基本用法
关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用，又在从句中作状语，when、where和why分别表示时间、地点和原因。

1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。

October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。

2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。

I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised. 我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。

★当先行词为抽象名词时，where引导定语从句的特殊用法。

该类抽象名词有：case（情况）/ condition（状况）/ point（阶段）/ position（处境）/ situation（情形）/ occasion（场合）/ circumstances（境况）/ scene（情景，场面）等。

例如：
I can think of many cases where students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
we’re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.
Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.
Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes where people were eaten by the tiger.
I’ll give you my friend’s home address, where I can be reached most evenings.
3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 请告诉我你误机的原因。

The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。

二、关系副词常可用“介词+关系代词”的结构代替
这里的关系代词只限于which。

例如：
1. I will never forget the day when I met you for the first time.
=I will never forget the day on which I met you for the first time.
2. This is the house where I lived two years ago.
=This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
3. We don’t know the reason why he suddenly fell ill.
=We don’t know the reason for which he suddenly fell ill.
三、关系副词的省略
1. the time，every time，each time，the moment等词后的关系副词可以省略。

例如：
By the time (when) he was fourteen years old, Jim had learnt more than two thousand English words.
2. 在某些表示地点的名词后，关系副词有时也可以省略。

如the place等。

例如：
This is the place (where) I saw him last time.
3. 先行词the reason后面的关系副词可以省略。

例如：
The reason (why) he came here is quite clear.
四、判断关系代词与关系副词的方法
这本质上取决于关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当的成分。

前者充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，后者充当状语。

试比较下面三组句子：
（1）
This is the factory that / which produces radios.
This is the factory where radios are produced.
第一句中划线部分在从句中作主语，故而应选用关系代词：The factory produces radios.
第二句中划线部分在从句中作地点状语，故而应选用关系副词：Radios are produced in the factory.
（2）
Do you remember the days (that / which) we spent together?
Do you remember the days when we worked together?
第一句中关系代词在从句中作宾语：We spent the days together.
第二句中关系副词作时间状语：We worked together during the days.
（3）
This is the reason (that / which) he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.
This is the reason why he was dismissed.
第一句中关系代词在从句中作宾语：he explained the reason to me.
第二句中关系副词作原因状语：He was dismissed for the reason.
五、when和where引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别
引导定语从句时，修饰其前表示时间或地点的先行词，在从句中做状语，一般置于名词后；
引导状语从句时，无先行词，修饰主句谓语，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，可置于句首或句尾。

试比较下面两组句子：
The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.
我买这本书的那个书店离这里不远。

（定语从句）
I found my books where I had left them.
我在我原来放书的地方找到了我的书。

（状语从句）
I graduated from Cambridge University last summer, when I was 22 years old.
我去年夏季从剑桥大学毕业，当时我22岁。

（定语从句）
I graduated from Cambridge University when I was 22 years old.
我22岁的时候从剑桥大学毕业。

（状语从句）
（典例剖析）
【例题1】They arrived at the border between Kenya and Tanzania at 2 pm, ______ lies a national nature reserve.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. when
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：他们下午两点到了肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚的边界处，那里有一个国家自然保护区。

句中border为先行词，后面定语从句主语为a national nature reserve，
先行词在从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where。

故C正确。

【难度】较难
【例题2】Researchers are now conducting hibernation experiment and can use chemicals to put living cells into sleep-like state ____ they don’t age.
A. for which
B. that
C. where
D. which
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句及其关系词的使用。

句意：研究人员现在正在作冬眠实验，他们可以使用化学药物使活着的细胞进入睡眠状态，在这个状态中他们不会变老。

先行词为state，表示抽象的状态，在从句中作状语，需用where引导，故C正确。

【难度】较难
【例题3】Sam remembered several occasions in the past _____ he had experienced a similar feeling.
A. when
B. which
C. why
D. that
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。

本题定语从句的先行词是several occasions，occasion意为“时刻”，表示时间，所以使用when引导。

故A正确。

【难度】较难
【例题4】Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life _____ they aren’t content with their parents.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
【答案】A
【解析】period 作先行词，表时间，用关系词when 来引导，when = during this period。

句意：几乎每个青少年都会经历一个时期，在这个时期里他们对父母不满意。

【难度】一般
（精题精练）
1.A fast food restaurant is the place ________, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A. which
B. where
C. there
D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：快餐店是一个吃快餐的地方，就像它的名字所显示的那样。

句中just as the name suggests是作插入语，把它去掉后发现是由where引导的定语从句，先行词为the place。

故选B项。

【难度】一般
2.He often dreams about going back to the village he grew up.
A. that
B. where
C. in where
D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：他经常梦到从小长大的那个村子。

先行词是the village，定语从句缺少状语，故选B项。

【难度】一般
3.An aging society is one ____ 10% or more of its population is over 60.
A. which
B. where
C. whose
D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：人口老龄化社会是一个人口中有10%或更多人口年龄超过60 岁的社会。

10% or more of its population is over 60是one的定语从句，从句中主系表结构完整，缺少状语in the society，所以用关系副词where。

故选B项。

【难度】较难
4.A woman with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _____ I can get som e medicine for my wounded hand?”
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. what
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：一个手臂上流着血的女人快速的跑过来问道“附近有没有医院，我可以买些药治受伤的手？”先行词是a hospital，around为副词，表示“附近”。

从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where，选C项。

【难度】困难
5.Students should involve themselves in community activities _______ they can gain experience for growth.
A. who
B. when
C. which
D. where
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：学生应该参加社团活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。

分析句子结构，句中含一个定语从句，先行词是community activities且在从句中作地点状语，指“在社团活动中”，故用关系副词where，选D。

【难度】一般
6.—Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?
—You should try the barber’s I often go next time. It’s only 15.
A. as
B. which
C. that
D. where
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。

此句含有一个定语从句，先行词为the barber’s，表示地点，且从句缺少状语，应用关系副词where引导。

选D。

【难度】一般
7.In times of trouble, _______ our spirits are low, telling our worries and fears to friends eases the stress.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. that
【答案】A
【解析】先行词为times，从句中缺少时间状语，故选A。

句意：在苦难的时候，即当我们情绪低落的时候，把我们的担忧和害怕告诉朋友可以减轻压力。

【难度】较难
8.Their youngest girl is at the stage ______ she can say a single word but not a full sentence
A. when
B. which
C. that
D. where
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：小女孩现在处于说单个字而不能说完整句子的阶段。

the
stage是先行词，定语从句_____ she can say a single word but not a full sentence缺少状语，故选D项。

【难度】较难
9.The speaker mentioned many examples people lived through hard times and succeeded at last.
A. which
B. whose
C. when
D. where
【答案】D
【解析】考察定语从句。

where是关系副词，引导表示地点的定语从句，where在句子中做状语。

该句意思为：演讲人提到了很多经历过困难时期最终成功的人的例子。

故选D。

【难度】一般
10.They reached the top of the mountain __________ they could see the highway wandering before them.
A. which
B. why
C. whose
D. where
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：他们到达山顶，在那里他们能看到高速公路在他们面前蜿蜒而过。

先行词为the top of the mountain，其在从句中作状语，故引导词用关系副词where，选D。

【难度】一般
11.Some China’s factories are moving to poorer parts of China, _________ labor is cheaper.
A. from which
B. when
C. which
D. where
【答案】D
【解析】考查关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句。

分析句子成分可知，labor（主语）is （系动词）cheaper（表语），故本题缺状语。

本题先行词是parts of China作定语从句的先行词，并且在主系表从句中作地点状语，意为“in these parts of China在中国的这些地方”。

故用where引导。

【难度】一般
12.Taking drugs has become part of every sport _________ athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. where
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：吸毒已经成为每个运动场的一部分，在那里运动员追求超越极限的成功。

定语从句中缺少地点状语，故选D。

【难度】较难
13.He wrote a long letter ______ he explained what had happened in the accident.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. how
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了交通事故中所发生的事情。

定语从句中，a long letter是先行词，在从句中作状语in the long letter，所以用关系副词where，表示在信中。

故选C。

【难度】一般
14.My grandfather arrived in Shanghai in 1939, ________, some years later, he became a worker in a firm.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
【答案】B
【解析】先行词是Shanghai，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故应用where。

句意：我的爷爷在1939年来到了上海，几年以后在这里他成为了一家公司的员工。

【难度】较难
15.Prince William took a visit to the Forbidden City on Feb. 28, ______ emperors once lived.
A. which
B. whose
C. where
D. when
【答案】C
【解析】从句帝王曾住过（emperors once lived）与先行词紫禁城（the Forbidden City）构成定语关系，因此是定语从句。

根据先行词作从句的地点状语in the Forbidden City可知用where。

句意：2月28日，威廉王子参观了紫禁城，那里曾经是帝王居住的地方。

【难度】一般
16.—Steve, the vacation is coming soon. Have you found a summer job yet?
—I suppose I can work at the boy’s camp _____ I worked last summer.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. what
【答案】B
【解析】先行词是the boy’s camp，由引导词在从句中作地点状语可知应用关系副词where。

句意：--史蒂夫，假期马上来了。

你找到一份暑期工作了吗？--我认为我可以在去年暑期工作过的男孩夏令营工作。

【难度】一般
17.Mark Zuckerberg is the founder of the site Facebook, you can have a look at each other’s pictures.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. as
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。

先行词the site Facebook在从句中起状语的作用，you can have a look at … on Facebook，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。

【难度】较难
18.In an economy ___ income per head used to rise by barely 1% a year, current growth rates feel like a miracle.
A. when
B. whose
C. that
D. where
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。

先行词为economy，它在定语从句中起状语的作用，表示“在经济体中”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。

句意：在一个过去人均年收入增长只有1%的经济体中，当前的增长速度如同奇迹一般。

【难度】困难
19.Is this the factory he worked ten years ago?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. the one
【答案】B
【解析】分析句子结构可知，空格后为定语从句，修饰先行词the factory，而the factory 在从句中作地点状语，故选where。

【难度】一般
20.After a few days together, they got to the point _______ the y could read each other’s thought.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. when
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。

当先行词是point，且定语从句中不缺少成分时，使用where。

句意：在一起呆了几天以后，他们到了能相互理解对方的思想的地步。

故选C。

【难度】较难
21.Take an active part in the activities you enjoy ____ you can make many friends.
A. where
B. when
C. that
D. what
【答案】A
【解析】分析句子结构与意思，可知这是一个定语从句，先行词是activities，并在从句中作状语you can make many friends in the activities，故用关系副词where，选A。

句意：参加你喜欢的、你能在里面交到朋友的那些活动。

【难度】较难
22.WeChat provides a networking platform ______ communication is faster and easier.
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. why
【答案】C
【解析】句意：微信为我们提供了一个更快捷更方便的交流平台。

这里含有一个定语从句，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，选C。

【难度】一般
23.We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Canada this year, ____ live my grandparents and some relatives.
A. where
B. which
C. who
D. that
【答案】A
【解析】先行词是Canada，从句中主语是my grandparents and some relatives，谓语是live，为倒装结构，缺少地点状语in Canada，所以引导词需用where。

【难度】较难
24.She has been dreaming a future ____ she can spend more time growing flowers.
A. that
B. when
C. where
D. which
【答案】B
【解析】她梦想着有一个将来，那时候她可以花更多的时间种花。

此处先行词为future，为时间，从句缺少状语in the future，故引导词用when。

【难度】一般
25.I have reached a point in my life _____ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which
B. where
C. how
D. why
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。

本题定语从句的先行词是a point，后面定语从句的句子结构很完整，故使用关系副词。

在定语从句中先行词是point, stage, case等抽象名词时，定语从句中使用关系副词where。

句意：在我的生活中我已经到了我要自己做出决定的这个地步了。

故B正确。

【难度】较难
26.—Where will the peace talk be held?
—It is in the hotel __________ we stayed last time we went to Beijing.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. when
【答案】A
【解析】考查关系副词。

A. where 哪里；B. which 哪一个；C. that 那个；D. when什么时候。

where在此作为地点关系副词引导定语从句。

句意：---和平谈判会在哪里举行？---在我们上次去北京时住的那家酒店。

故答案选A。

【难度】一般
27.A nature reserve for white-flag dolphins was set up in 1992, ________ boats have been prohibited from sailing around since then.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. what
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句中关系副词的用法。

观察句子，可知本句是含有定语从句的主从复合句。

根据定语从句的内容“自从那时起，船只被禁止在周围航行”可知被修饰的先行词是A nature reserve，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故应选A。

【难度】一般
28.This was a time _________ the two countries were at war.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：这是一个两国正在交战的时期。

句中包含定语从句，先行词是time在定语从句中做状语，用关系副词when，故选C。

【难度】一般
29.After graduation from high school we will reach a point ________ we have to decide which university to attend.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. where
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。

在定语从句中先行词是point, stage, case等抽象名词时，定语从句中使用关系副词where。

句意：高中毕业后我们将到达一个拐点，我们需要决定上哪所大学。

【难度】较难
30.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
【答案】A
【解析】定语从句所修饰的先行词是an interval（幕间休息）时间，定语从句缺少时间状语during the interval，故用关系副词when。

句意：音乐会两部分之间的幕间休息时间，观众可以买冰淇淋。

【难度】一般。