2021小升初英语总复习第二讲形容词、副词知识点讲解+练习.docx

第二讲：形容词、副词
—、【考点解读】
小学阶段已经接触过大量的形容词，开始学习形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.)的用法及区别, 特别是比较等级的表达方式。

小朋友要初步掌握形容词和副词的区别，比较级最高级表达及运用，并且能够在句子中熟练运用它们。

二、【知识讲解】
知识点1——形容词
形容词定义是用来描述事物特征的词,如事物的大小，形状，颜色等;也可以用来陈述事物的状态。

主要修饰名词和代词。

1、形容词的句法作用
(1)形容词+名词，作定语：
a good girl (good作girl的定语)(形容词排列顺序参见《第一讲：名词》)
(2)系动词+形容词，作表语：
It is good. / It sounds great, (good/ great 表明it 的状态和性质)
※部分表语形容词，只能位于系动词后面作表语，不能作定语
eg : alone, alive, asleep, afraid, well, ill
(3)动词+宾语+形容词，做宾语补足语：(make / keep/find...adj.)
Robots can make humans lazy, (humans 是宾语，lazy 作宾*卜)
What he said kept me calmer and calmer.
All of us find English difficult.
(4)形容词或词组，+句子/句子，+形容词或词组，做状语
He arrived home, hungry and cold.
(5)数量+表示长、宽、高、深、年龄等形容词(形容词后置)
eg : two meters long, ten centimeters wide, twenty feet deep, 28 years old.
(6)the+形容词，表示一类人，：the old老人the young年轻人the rich富人the poor 穷人
※以上的这些词组表示的是复数，所以谓语动词用原形。

eg : The rich often enjoy their life in America.
(7)形似副词的形容词一lonely, friendly, lively, lovely, silly, early,ugly.
E.g. She is very lovely and friendly.
My grandmother lives alone, but she's never lonely.
(8) 以ing 结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed 结尾的形容词通常修饰人
eg : exciting-excited, boring-bored, interesting-interested, moving-moved, tiring-tired, relaxing-relaxed,
frightening-frightened, disappointing-disappointed
★ ★特殊的：pleasant 令人愉快的人或物pleased 人感到满意愉快的 (9) 一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式 eg : be glad / happy to do sth.
be easy / difficult to do sth.
eg : little, only, wooden, woolen, elder a little girl the wooden table the woolen gloves
2、形容词的常见句式
(1) It's |adj.| of sb. to do sth.表示"某人做某事..."
用法：这一句型中，用的是描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词 常见白勺有：nice-kind-good-polite, clever-foolish-lazy, careful-careless, right-wrong
(2) Ifs |adj.| for sb. to do sth.表示“做某事对某人来说..."
常用白勺形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting E.g. Ifs difficult to finish this task by myself.
Ifs dangerous fbr you to swim alone here. 知识点2“副词 一. 副词的定义
副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。

它表示行为状况或性质特征，如时间、 地点、方式、程度、范围等。

二. 副词的构成
(1)本身就是副词，例如：now (现在),there(那里),always(总是)。

⑵ 形容词变成副词 ----- a dj.+ -ly 构成adv.
be sorry / sad to do sth.
be ready / able to do sth. (10)只能作定语的形容词
知识点3——形容词和副词的比较等级一形容词/副词比较等级的构成
1）规则变化
★注意区别：
farther只表示距离上“更远的”
further引申义，指程度上“更进一步的”。

elder 指“年长的”，常修饰人，用来表示出生顺序的前后和年龄的长幼。

常作定语，不可用于than引导的比较状语从句。

［列:The elder sister gave her little sister an apple.
older 指“年纪较大的，较老的，较旧的”，修饰人或物都行。

既可作定语，也可作表语，可用于than引导的比较状语从句。

例如 'The older man in the photo is my grandfather.
We work in an older building.
Your bag is older than mine.
二、形容词/副词各等级的用法：
(―)原级用法
1)有表示绝对概念的副词very, too, so, enough, quite 等修饰时,用其原级。

如：
The boy is too young. He plays the piano very well.
2)表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词或副词的原级。

'肯定句中的结构："A...+ as+形容词/副词原级+as + B”。

如:
English is as interesting as Chinese. He runs as fast as Jim.
＜否定句中的结构:“A...+ notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as + B”。

如:
Lesson One isn't as (so) difficult as Lesson Two.
、否定句的结构相当于less +形容词/副词原级+than。

如：
Lesson One is less difficult than Lesson Two.
3)表示A是B的……倍时，A..…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B
Our school is three times/twice as big as theirs.
The red pencil is half as long as the blue pencil.
(-)比较级用法
1)表示两者进行比较时用形容词或副词的比较级，其结构为“A...+比较级+than + B\如：
I am taller than you. He did better than me.
注意：在比较时，要注意比较的对象要一致。

My pencil is longer than yours.(不用you)
2）有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, far等修饰时，用形容词/副词的比较
级。

如：
Ifs much warmer today. This bottle is a little bigger than that one.
3）在两者之间进行选择，"哪一个更......"，用句型"Which/Who is +形容词/副词比较级，
AorB?”。

如：
Who is taller, Mike or Ted? Which one is the longer, the pen or the pencil?
4）表示“两者之间”最……的一个w（ofthetwo）99时，常用“the+比较级”结构。

如: Bob is the taller of the two boys. Being is the bigger of the two.
5）表示“越来越......”时，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，句中有多音节词或部分双音节词时用"more and more +原级"结构。

如：
The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
6）表示“越......就越......”时，用“the+比较级，the +比较级”结构。

如：
The more you eat, the fatter you will be. The more you eat, the fatter you will be. （三）最高级用法
1）表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用其最高级形式。

形容词最高级前必须加
定冠词the,副词的最高级前可不加。

句末常接一个in/of短语来表示范围。

如：
What's the best sport in summer? Li Dong sings best of the four boys.
形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，不能再用定冠词the。

如：
Li Ming is my best friend. This is our best lesson today.
2）表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Which/Whoisthe+最高级，A,B orC?”。

如： Which is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?
3）表示“最……的之一”时，用"one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词的复数”结构。

如：
Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.
4）形容词最高级前可加序数词，表示“第几最……气如：
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
5）形容词比较级结构可表示最高级含义。

如：
Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李磊是他班里最高的学生。

=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.
二Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.
=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.
=Li Lei is taller than the rest of students in his class.
6）表示倍数的三个结构：
厂①be + 倍数 + as ...as : The house is three times as big as that one ・
y ②be + 倍数 + 比较级+than : The house is three times bigger than that one ・ l ③be + 倍数 + the + 名词（尺寸，长度）+of : The pencil is twice the lengt
h of that one ・
※，❶+形容词/副词，such+a+形容词+可数名词单数，such+形容词+可数名词复数
☆表示两者之间没有差别时，使用句型：
主语（第一个人物）+谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+....
如：Lily ran as slow as an old woman.（莉莉跑得像老太太一样慢）
They picked as many apples as the farmers.（他们摘的苹果和农民一样多）
☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时，使用句型：
主语（第一个人物）+谓语动词（否定式）+ as+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+.... 如：Lily did not run as slow as an old woman.（莉莉跑得不像老太太那样慢）
They didn't pick as many apples as the farmers.（他们摘的苹果不如农民多）
三、【典例探究】
【例题1]
（）1. Which do you like , the city or the country?
A. well
B. better
C. best
D. good
答案：B （解析：两者之间进行比较，要用比较级，所以选择B）（）2. Tom plays football Simon.
A. as good as
B. as well as
C. well than
D. as better as
答案：B （解析：as...as结构中间要用原级，所以可以排除D项，than前面要用比较级，所以可以排除C项。

本句中是足球踢的好要用副词来修饰，所以只能选择B。

但是学生在这里面需要掌握一些特殊形容词的比较级和最高级。

比如good/well—better—best ；bad/badly/ill worse worst ；其中well既可以做形容词，又可以作副词，作形容词的时
候只能形容身体好，小升初经常考查和good的区别用法。

）
（）3. you speak English, you spoken English can be.
A. More; better
B. The more; the better
C. The more; better
D. More; the better
答案：B （解析：本题考查“the+比较级the+比较级......”的用法，含义是“越…,越...”直接可以确定答案B。

）
（）4. An underground train can run than a ship.
A. much faster
B. more faster
C. much fast
D. more fast
答案:A （解析：本题主要考查学生“much后面加比较级，more后面加多音节形容词的原级”
的用法，学生只要牢记这个用法，就一定可以选出正确的答案。

） 四、【课堂运用】
【基础】
【练习1]
—Yes, she is.
1. little
2. full
3. few
4. near
5. fat
6. long
7. dry
8. old
9. quick _ 13. new 10. smooth 11. happy ___ 12. early ____________
16. same 14. hungry 15. wrong 17. dark 18. left 19. poor 20. hard 21. easy 22. free 23. dirty 24. large 25. tall
26. white
27. cheap
28. light
【答案】
1. big/much;
2. hungry/empty; 8. new/young 9. slow; 1
3. old; 1
4. full; 18. right; 19. rich; 23. clean; 24. small;
28.heavy;
3. little;
4. far;
5. thin;
6. short;
7. wet; 10. rough;
ll.unhappy/sad;
12. late;
15.right 16.difTerent 17. bright;
20.easy/soft; 21 .difficult/hard; 22. busy; 25. short;
26. black;
27. dear/expensive;
II. Choose the best answer.选择正确答案。

(
)1. Don't cross the road, ifs _________ .
A. nice
B. early
C. dangerous
(
)2. What colour is the panda? It's ________ .
A. red
B. black
C. white
( )3. The apple tree is very ________ . A. tall
B. long
C. high ( )4. The cheese in the bottle smells .
D. late
D. black and white
D. strong ( )
( )
A. nice
B. soft
C. white
5. Jenny 9s bell is too ______ . A. quite
B. quiet
C. strong
6. The car is ______ , but it is very nice. A. new
B. big
C. old
D. hard
D. tired
D. cheap
写出下列形容词的反义词。

(
7. —Is your grandma
9
A. pretty
B. long
C. handsome
D.young
(
)8. The baby is sleeping. Please keep ________ .
A. quiet
B. quite
C. noise
D. Noisy
(
)9. There are _______ pictures on the wall. A. two new pink B. two pink and new C. two pink new
D. two new and pink
(
)10. Don't leave now. I have ________ to tell you. A. nothing important B. important anything C. something important
D. important something
【答案】l.C 2.D 3.A 4.A 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.C
III. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.用所给单词的适当形式填 空。

1. You're too(noise)! Be quiet! 2. -How is Jane today? —He is very.
—Ifs really news, (good) 3. Mike is an boy. (America) 4. Spring is a season, (beauty) 5. Be careful! The knife is. (danger)
6. English is my subject. I like it best, (favour)
7. Take an umbrella. It is a day. (rain)
【答案】1. noisy; 2. well; good; 3. American; 4. beautiful; 5. dangerous; 6. favourite; 7. rainy 【练习2]
I. Change the following adjectives into adverbs.(写出下列形容词的副词形式) 1. unhappy _________ _ 2. early _____________ —
3. hard ________ —
4. excited __________
5. fast
6. careful
7. beautiful 8. usual 9. sure __________ 10. safe_____ — 11. good _______ _ 12. important ___________ 13. busy __________ 14. cheap ___ — 15. different ____ ______ 16. polite ___________
17. late
18. possible
【答案】1. unhappily; 2. early;
3. hard;
4. excitedly;
5. fast;
6. carefully;
7. beautifully;
8. usually;
9. surely;
10. safely; 11. well; 12. importantly; 13. busily; 14. cheaply;
15. differently; 16. politely; 17. late; 18. possibly;
IL Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences.(根据答句,填入特殊疑问词) 1. A:is the boy in blue? B: He's Mike. 2. A:wallet is it?
B: It's mine.
3.A:is the diary?
B: It's under the chair.
4.A:is the Christmas Day?
B: It's on the 25th of December.
5.A:are the earphones?
B: They are 25 Yuan.
6.A:is the hairdryer?
B: It9s blue.
7.A:is it today?
B: It's Sunday.
8.A:was it yesterday?
B: It was the 13th of October.
9.A:is it from here?
B: It's about two kilometers away.
10.A:is your cousin?
B: He's 15 years old.
11.A:do you have dinner?
B: At 6 o'clock.
12.A:does your brother swim?
B: Twice a week.
13.A:is the bag?
B: It's 2 kilograms.
14.A:is the desk?
B: Ifs 3 meters.
15.A:did you stay in America?
B: For two years.
16.A:will you come back.
B: In five minutes.
【答案】1 .Who; 2.Whose; 3.Where;4.When; 5.How much; 6. What color; 7.What day;
8. What date; 9.How far; 10. How old; 1 l.What time; 12.How often;
13. How heavy; 14. How long; 15 How long; 16 How soon
III. Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案） 1. ―times did you play basketball a week?
4. Jack got very with me for not having written back to him in time.
5.1 study very, but he studies on Sunday. 【答案】1.A 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.D
IV. Fill in the blanks with the words so, such or such a.（在下列空格中填入 so, such 或 such a ）
1. Ifs difficult for him to understand because his teacher speaks quickly.
2.1 like John and Mary. They're nice people.
3. It was a great holiday. We had good time.
4. It was surprised that he looked well after his recent illness.
5. Everything is expensive these days, isn't it?
6. The weather is lovely, isn't it? I didn't expect it to be nice day.
7.1 have to go. I didn't realize it was late.
8. He always looks good. He wears __________ nice clothes. 9. They've got
much money that they don't know what to do with it.
【答案】l.so; 2. such; 3. such a; 4. so; 5. so; 6. such a; 7. so; 8. such; 9. so
【巩固】 【练习n i. 在下列方框中选出合适的形容词填空，使句子完整、正确。

⑴
wrong short difficult fat wet far dry empty sharp lazy 1. My elder brother is, he can't run fast. 2. Look, the glass is. There isn't any water in it. 3. The sun can make the wet sweater.
4.1 am not a child. I often help my mother with her housework.
A. How many
B. How often
C. How long 2. Lots of visitors come to Nanjing because she is _ A. so a beautiful
C. such beautiful
____ c ity.
B. very a beautiful D. such a beautiful
D. How far
A. clearly
B. fluently
C. good
D. loud A. angry B. angrily C. worse
D. worst A. hardly; hardly B. hardly; hard
C. hard; hard
D. hard; hardly
——Three times!
3. Mr. Smith said to Billy, "Your idea sounds,
5.It is in spring in Shanghai. It often rains.
6.These problems are not for me. I can deal with（处理）them.
7.We must be careful with knives because they are.
8.My uncle lives from us. We go to see him by underground.
9.Ifs nine now. But my watch is nine five. It is.
10.Linda looks like a boy. She has very hair.
【答案】l.fat; 2. empty; 3. dry; 4. lazy; 5. wet; 6. difficult; 7. sharp; 8. far; 9. wrong; 10. short
1.The children washed the car. Now it's.
2.She did her homework in ten minutes. The homework was.
3.He wasn't very hungry. He ordered a bowl of soup.
4.The hunters（猎人）couldn,t carry the dead elephant. It was too.
5.1can't pull all of the rocks in that car. The car isn't enough.
6. There's lots of work for us. We're going to be.
7.1enjoyed the play. The actors were.
8.Someone took their books. The men were.
9.The clothes were. None of the actors wanted to wear them.
10.The box was too. He couldn't close it.
11.The speech is. All of the people there feel sleepy.
12.The cars are too for most of the people to buy.
【答案】1. clean; 2. easy; 3. small; 4. heavy; 5. big; 6. busy;
7.good; 8. angry; 9. ugly; 10. full; 11. boring; 12. expensive
II. Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案）
1.The baby is sleeping. Please keep.
A. quiet
B. quite
C. noise
D. Noisy
2.The singer looked and she sang.
A. beautiful.. .beautiful
B. beautiful...beautifully
C. beautifully.. .beautiful
D. beautifully.. .beautifully
3.What a cough! You seem ______________ i ll.
A. terrible...terribly
B. terribly...terrible
C. terrible...terrible
terribly.. .terribly 4. The teacher found him pupil.
A. a not honest
B. was an honest
C. an honest
D. is an honest
5. A: "This type of MP3 is really cheap!"
B: "The _______ , the better. I'm short of money, you see.^,
A. cheap
B. cheaper
C. cheapest
D. most cheap.
6. I think physics is _____ _ difficult than English.
A. very
B. too
C. much
D. much more 7. “We must keep quite in the library,the woman said to me.
A. quiet; quietly
B. quietly; quietly
C. quietly; quiet
D. quiet; quiet
8. This kind of T-shirt looks ________ and sells ___
A. nice...well
B. nice...good
C. well...well
D. good...nice
9. A: "Have you got my e-mail today?^,
B: " Oh, there is ______ with my computer. It doesn't work,^,
A. something wrong
B. anything wrong
C. nothing wrong
D. everything
wrong
10. A: "Does Wu Gang ever guess the meanings of English words?" B: " He guesses the meaning of new words. He uses his dictionary all the 【答案】l.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.B
【拔时
【练习1]
I. Read the picture and Hll in the blanks.
bigger/smaller, stronger/weaker, taller/shorter, older/younger, faster/slower, heavier/lighter
D.
A. usually
B. never
C. always
D. sometimes
4.
5.
6.
1.The ostrich is than the rabbit, (big)
【答案】bigger; smaller than; as big as
The rabbit is the ostrich, (small)
The rabbit is not the ostrich.
2.The giraffe is than the cat. (tall)
The cat the giraffe, (short)
The cat is not the giraffe.
【答案】taller; is shorter than; as tall as
3.The elephant is than the lizard, (heavy)
The lizard the elephant, (light)
The lizard is not the elephant.
［答案】heavier; is lighter than; not as heavy as
4.The rabbit is the turtle, (fast)
____________________________________________ . (slow)
The turtle is the rabbit.
［答案】faster than; The turtle is slower than the rabbit; not as fast as
5.The grandfather is the boy.(old)
____________________________________________ • (young)
____________________________________________ . (as...as)
【答案】older than; The boy is younger than the grandfather; The boy is not as old as the grandfather 6.The man the boy.(strong)
____________________________________________ . (weak)
____________________________________________ . (as...as)
【答案】is stronger than; The boy is weaker than the man. The boy is not as strong as the man. 五、【课后巩固】
【习题1】
I.写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级
good far
well many
hard _______ _________
II .词性转换
1.They were in my culture and they asked me a lot of questions.
(interest)
2.It is to teach a man to fish than to give him fish, (good)
3.If you are of confidence, you'll be happy all the time,(fill)
4.The doctor said there was no cure (治疗方法)for Aids at present, (certainly)
5.The weather in Shanghai is quite this year, (change)
III.选择
1.Your room is than mine.
A. three time big
B. three times big
C. three times bigger
D. bigger three times
2.When spring comes, it gets.
A. warm and warm
B. colder and colder
C. warmer and warmer
D. shorter and shorter
3.he read the book,he got in it.
A. The more; the more interesting
B. The less; the more interesting
C. The more; the more interested
D. More; more interested
3. I like one of the two books.
6. This work is _____ ___________ for me than for you?
A. difficult
B. most difficult
C. much difficult
D. more difficult
7. Who iunwed _ of all?
A. far
B. farther
C. tallest
D. the tallest
8. Li Lei is student in our class.
A. tall
B. taller
C. tallest
D. the tallest
9. Tom is one of _
boys in our class.
A tallest B. taller
C. the tallest
D. the tall
lO.English is one of spoken in the world. A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language
1 l.I'm not to lift the heavy box. A. short enough
B. enough tall
C. health enough
D. strong enough
12. Which is, Li Lei or Wu Tong? A. strong
B, strongest
C. stronger
D. the strongest
13 ・ Do you have to tell us?
A. something new
B. new something
C. anything new
D. new anything 14. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting .
B. more rich and more rich
答案：better best; fanher/further; farthest/ furthest; better, best; more, most; cleaner, cleanest: more, most; lovelier, loveliest; fewer, fewest; more interesting, most interesting; less, least; worse, worst; wider, widest; redder, reddest; cleverer, cleverest; easier, easiest; more beautiful, most beautiful: sweeter, sweetest; taller, tai lest; harder, hardest II.
interested, better, full, certain, changeable
A. the older
B. oldest
C. the oldest
D. older
5. Wliich do you like ,tea or coffee?
A. well
B. better
C. best
D. most A. more and rich C. richer and richer D. rich and rich
CAB DCDCB DCCC
第二讲：形容词、副词
二、【考点解读】
小学阶段已经接触过大量的形容词，开始学习形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.)的用法及区别, 特别是比较等级的表达方式。

小朋友要初步掌握形容词和副词的区别，比较级最高级表达及运用，并且能够在句子中熟练运用它们。

三、【知识讲解】
知识点1——形容词
形容词定义是用来描述事物特征的词,如事物的大小，形状，颜色等;也可以用来陈述事物的状态。

主要修饰名词和代词。

1、形容词的句法作用
(1)形容词+名词，作定语：
a good girl (good作girl的定语)(形容词排列顺序参见《第一讲：名词》)
(5)系动词+形容词，作表语：
It is good. / It sounds great, (good/ great 表明it 的状态和性质)
※部分表语形容词，只能位于系动词后面作表语，不能作定语
eg : alone, alive, asleep, afraid, well, ill
(6)动词+宾语+形容词，做宾语补足语：(make / keep/find.. .adj.)
Robots can make humans lazy, (humans 是宾语，lazy 作宾*卜)
What he said kept me calmer and calmer.
All of us find English difficult.
(7)形容词或词组，+句子/句子，+形容词或词组，做状语
He arrived home, hungry and cold.
(5)数量+表示长、宽、高、深、年龄等形容词(形容词后置)
eg : two meters long, ten centimeters wide, twenty feet deep, 28 years old.
(6)the+形容词，表示一类人，：the old老人the young年轻人the rich富人the poor 穷人
※以上的这些词组表示的是复数，所以谓语动词用原形。

eg : The rich often enjoy their life in America.
(7)形似副词的形容词一lonely, friendly, lively, lovely, silly, early,ugly.
E.g. She is very lovely and friendly.
My grandmother lives alone, but she's never lonely.
(8) 以ing 结尾的形容词通常修饰物，以ed 结尾的形容词通常修饰人
eg : exciting-excited, boring-bored, interesting-interested, moving-moved, tiring-tired, relaxing-relaxed,
frightening-frightened, disappointing-disappointed
★ ★特殊的：pleasant 令人愉快的人或物pleased 人感到满意愉快的 (9) 一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式 eg : be glad / happy to do sth.
be easy / difficult to do sth.
eg : little, only, wooden, woolen, elder a little girl the wooden table the woolen gloves
2、形容词的常见句式
(1) It's |adj.| of sb. to do sth.表示"某人做某事..."
用法：这一句型中，用的是描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词 常见白勺有：nice-kind-good-polite, clever-foolish-lazy, careful-careless, right-wrong
(2) Ifs |adj.| for sb. to do sth.表示“做某事对某人来说..."
常用白勺形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting E.g. Ifs difficult to finish this task by myself.
Ifs dangerous for you to swim alone here. 知识点2“副词 一. 副词的定义
副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。

它表示行为状况或性质特征，如时间、 地点、方式、程度、范围等。

二. 副词的构成
(2)本身就是副词，例如：now (现在),there(那里),always(总是)。

⑵ 形容词变成副词 ---- a dj.+ -ly 构成adv.
be sorry / sad to do sth.
be ready / able to do sth. (10)只能作定语的形容词
知识点3——形容词和副词的比较等级一形容词/副词比较等级的构成
1）规则变化
★注意区别：
farther只表示距离上“更远的”
further引申义，指程度上“更进一步的”。

elder 指“年长的”，常修饰人，用来表示出生顺序的前后和年龄的长幼。

常作定语，不可用于than引导的比较状语从句。

［列:The elder sister gave her little sister an apple.
older 指“年纪较大的，较老的，较旧的”，修饰人或物都行。

既可作定语，也可作表语，可用于than引导的比较状语从句。

例如 'The older man in the photo is my grandfather.
We work in an older building.
Your bag is older than mine.
二、形容词/副词各等级的用法：
(―)原级用法
1)有表示绝对概念的副词very, too, so, enough, quite 等修饰时,用其原级。

如：
The boy is too young. He plays the piano very well.
2)表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词或副词的原级。

'肯定句中的结构："A...+ as+形容词/副词原级+as + B”。

如:
English is as interesting as Chinese. He runs as fast as Jim.
＜否定句中的结构:“A...+ notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as + B”。

如:
Lesson One isn't as (so) difficult as Lesson Two.
、否定句的结构相当于less +形容词/副词原级+than。

如：
Lesson One is less difficult than Lesson Two.
3)表示A是B的……倍时，A..…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B
Our school is three times/twice as big as theirs.
The red pencil is half as long as the blue pencil.
(-)比较级用法
1)表示两者进行比较时用形容词或副词的比较级，其结构为“A...+比较级+than + B\如：
I am taller than you. He did better than me.
注意：在比较时，要注意比较的对象要一致。

My pencil is longer than yours.(不用you)
2）有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, far等修饰时，用形容词/副词的比较
级。

如：
Ifs much warmer today. This bottle is a little bigger than that one.
3）在两者之间进行选择，"哪一个更......"，用句型"Which/Who is +形容词/副词比较级，
AorB?”。

如：
Who is taller, Mike or Ted? Which one is the longer, the pen or the pencil?
4）表示“两者之间”最……的一个w（ofthetwo）99时，常用“the+比较级”结构。

如: Bob is the taller of the two boys. Being is the bigger of the two.
5）表示“越来越......”时，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+and+比较级”，句中有多音节词或部分双音节词时用"more and more +原级"结构。

如：
The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
6）表示“越......就越......”时，用“the+比较级，the +比较级”结构。

如：
The more you eat, the fatter you will be. The more you eat, the fatter you will be. （三）最高级用法
1）表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用其最高级形式。

形容词最高级前必须加
定冠词the,副词的最高级前可不加。

句末常接一个in/of短语来表示范围。

如：
What's the best sport in summer? Li Dong sings best of the four boys.
形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，不能再用定冠词the。

如：
Li Ming is my best friend. This is our best lesson today.
3）表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Which/Whoisthe+最高级，A,B orC?”。

如： Which is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?
3）表示“最……的之一”时，用"one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词的复数”结构。

如：
Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.
4）形容词最高级前可加序数词，表示“第几最……气如：
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
5）形容词比较级结构可表示最高级含义。

如：
Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李磊是他班里最高的学生。

=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.
二Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.
=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class.
=Li Lei is taller than the rest of students in his class.
6）表示倍数的三个结构：
厂①be + 倍数 + as ...as : The house is three times as big as that one ・
y ②be + 倍数 + 比较级+than : The house is three times bigger than that one ・ l ③be + 倍数 + the + 名词（尺寸，长度）+of : The pencil is twice the lengt
h of that one ・
※，❶+形容词/副词，such+a+形容词+可数名词单数，such+形容词+可数名词复数
☆表示两者之间没有差别时，使用句型：
主语（第一个人物）+谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+....
如：Lily ran as slow as an old woman.（莉莉跑得像老太太一样慢）
They picked as many apples as the farmers.（他们摘的苹果和农民一样多）
☆表示第一个人比不上第二个人时，使用句型：
主语（第一个人物）+谓语动词（否定式）+ as+形容词/副词原级+as+第二个人物+.... 如：Lily did not run as slow as an old woman.（莉莉跑得不像老太太那样慢）
They didift pick as many apples as the farmers.（他们摘的苹果不如农民多）
三、【典例探究】
【例题1]
（）1. Which do you like , the city or the country?
A. well
B. better
C. best
D. good
答案：B （解析：两者之间进行比较，要用比较级，所以选择B）（）2. Tom plays football Simon.
A. as good as
B. as well as
C. well than
D. as better as
答案：B （解析：as...as结构中间要用原级，所以可以排除D项，than前面要用比较级，所以可以排除C项。

本句中是足球踢的好要用副词来修饰，所以只能选择B。

但是学生在这里面需要掌握一些特殊形容词的比较级和最高级。

比如good/well—better—best ；bad/badly/ill worse worst ；其中well既可以做形容词，又可以作副词，作形容词的时
候只能形容身体好，小升初经常考查和good的区别用法。

）
（）3. you speak English, you spoken English can be.
A. More; better
B. The more; the better
C. The more; better
D. More; the better
答案：B （解析：本题考查“the+比较级the+比较级......”的用法，含义是“越…,越...”直接可以确定答案B。

）
（）4. An underground train can run than a ship.
A. much faster
B. more faster
C. much fast
D. more fast
答案:A （解析：本题主要考查学生“much后面加比较级，more后面加多音节形容词的原级”
的用法，学生只要牢记这个用法，就一定可以选出正确的答案。

）
四、【课堂运用】
【基础]
【练习1]
I.写出下列形容词的反义词。

2. little _______ — 2. full_
3. few_
4. near __________
6. fat ________ _ 6. long—
7. dry_
8. old ___________
10. quick _____ ___ 10. smooth
___ ____ 11. happy
____
___ 12. early ____________
14. new 14. hungry 15. wrong 16. same 18. dark 18. left 19.poor 20. hard
22. easy ______ __ 22. free
__
__ 23. dirty
__
___ 24. large _____________
26. tall 26. white 27. cheap 28. light
II. Choose the best answer.选择正确答案。

( ) 1. Don't cross the road, ifs ______
A. nice
B. early
C. dangerous
D. late
() 2. What colour is the panda? It's________ .
A. red
B. black
C. white
D. black and white
() 3. The apple tree is very _______ .
A. tall
B. long
C. high
D. strong
() 4. The cheese in the bottle smells .
A. nice
B. soft
C. white
D. hard
() 5. Jenny9s bell is too .
A. quite
B. quiet
C. strong
D. tired
() 6. The car is ______ , but it is very nice.
A. new
B. big
C. old
D. cheap
() 7. —Is your grandma ?
—Yes, she is.
A. pretty
B. long
C. handsome
D.young
() 8. The baby is sleeping. Please keep _______ .
A. quiet
B. quite
C. noise
D. Noisy
() 9. There are _______ p ictures on the wall.
B. two new pink B. two pink and new
C. two pink new
( )10. Don't leave now. I have to tell you.
D. two new and pink
A.nothing important
B. important anything
C. something important
D. important something
III. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.用所给单词的适当形式填空。

8.You're too(noise)! Be quiet!
9.—How is Jane today?
—He is very.
—Ifs really news, (good)
10.Mike is an boy. (America)
11.Spring is a season, (beauty)
12.Be careful! The knife is. (danger)
13.English is my subject. I like it best, (favour)
14.Take an umbrella. It is a day. (rain)
【练习2]
I.Change the following adjectives into adverbs.(写出下列形容词的副词形式)
I.unhappy 2. early 3. hard 4. excited
5. fast
6. careful
7. beautiful
8. usual
9.sure 10. safe 11. good 12.important
13.busy 14. cheap 15. different 16. polite
17. late 18. possible
II.Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences.(根据答句，填入特殊疑问词)
1.A:is the boy in blue?
B: He's M汰e.
2.A:wallet is it?
B: It's mine.
3.A:is the diary?
B: It's under the chair.
4.A:is the Christmas Day?
B: It's on the 25th of December.
5.A:are the earphones?
B: They are 25 Yuan.
6.A:is the hairdryer?
B: It's blue.。