代词的用法

代词的用法
代词是指代换名词、形容词等词语的词。

英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在剧中的作用分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词和连接代词九种。

一．人称代词
1. 人称代词的五种基本形式：
人称单复数主格宾格形容词性
物主代词
名词性
物主代词
反身代词
第一人称单数I me my mine myself 复数we us our ours ourselves
第二人称单数you you your yours yourself 复数you you your yours yourselves
第三人称单数
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数they them their theirs themselves
2. 人称代词的基本用法：
主格：用作句子的主语，放在动词前（疑问句式放在特殊动词后）；
例句：She lives in Toronto, Canada.
Does he speak English?
宾格：用作句子的宾语，放在动词或介词后；
例句：Yesterday my mother bought me a new bike.
I usually go to movies with her on weekends.
形容词性物主代词：用作句子的定语，之后必须带名词；
例句：This is my book. That’s his book.
名词性物主代词：相当于一个名词词组，之后不能带名词（其代换的名词需在前文中出现）；
例句：His book is much newer than mine(= my book).
例句：My sister has fewer stamps than me.
反身代词：一般放在动词后，要求同主语人称一致。

例句：She teaches herself English.
人称代词考点要求
1. 人称代词填空时的方法（步骤）--四步推断法确定应用形式
第一步：看其后是否有名词，如有则用形容词性物主代词，如无则考虑其余形式；
※注意：如其后的名词为双宾语中的间接宾语，名词前用宾格。

例句：Where does _______ friend come from?
例句：Mr. Smith teaches ______ English.
第二步：看其是否代换了名词词组，如是则用名词性物主代词，如不是则考虑其他；
例句：This isn’t my pen. _____ is in my pencil case.
第三步：看其是否在动词前，动词前用主格，如在动词后，则考虑剩下的两个；
例句：Nancy is mach fatter than ______ am.
第四步：如在动词后，应考虑其是否同主语人称一致，如一致则用反身代词，不一致则用宾格。

例句：Nobody teaches _____ English. She teaches _____.
2. 几个人称代词连用时的位置关系：几个人称代词同时作某一成分时，应将第二人称放最前，而将第一人称放最后。

例句：_______ _____ _____ _____ are good friends. 你我他是好朋友。

These books are for _____ _____ _____.这些书是给你和我的。

3. 名词性物主代词作主语时，主谓一致关系：名词性物主代词作主语时，其后的谓语动词形式应同它所代换的名词形式保持一致。

例句：My shoes are cheap. But his _____ expensive.
A. is
B. are
C. be
D. am
4. 反身代词的正确写法（单复数的判断）以及所属关系的表示：
（1）在使用反身代词时，应注意根据句中的某些词语推断其单复数形式，并注意其正确写法。

例句：Please help _____ to some cakes, children.
A. you
B. yourself
C. yourselves
D. your
（2）在说明“某人自己的”时，不能用反身代词加所有格符号表示，而应用“形容词性物主代词+own+名词”表示。

例句：错：He drove himself’s car to go camping last Sunday.
对：He drove his own car to go camping last Sunday.
5. 双重所有格的使用：在“数词+名词+of+人称代词”这样的词组中，人称代词应使用名词性物主代词，同of一起构成双重所有格形式。

例句：错：Lucy is a good friend of me.
对：Lucy is a good friend of mine.
人称代词的用法练习
一、用适当的人称代词填空：
1. __________ is my aunt. We often visit __________. ( she )
2. China is a d eveloping country. _________is in the east of Asia. ( its )
3. -- What day is __________ today?
-- __________ is Thursday. (its)
4. She would like a gift from _____. (theirs)
5. I own a blue bike. The red one isn’t __________. ( I )
6. These new houses are so nice. __________ are very expensive.( them )
7. The fishermen caught a l ot of fish, didn’t __________? ( them )
8. Ling Ling is a girl. ____ studies in a primary school. ______ brother lives with ___ and helps __ __ with______ lessons. ( she )
9. Mike is my classmate. ____ is good at English . ( his )
10. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to ____ ? ( she )
11. What’s the weather like today ? ____ is cloudy. ( its )
二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空
1. I ate all ____ sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of ____ ? ( you )
2. George has l ost ____ ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if she will lend him ____ . ( she )
3. Jack has a dog and so have I. ____ ( he ) dog and ____ ( I ) had a fight (打架).
4. The teacher wants you to return that book of ____ ( he )
5. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of ____ are coming to see us. ( they )
6. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of ____ . (we )
三、用适当的人称代词和物主代词填空
A. 从括号内选择正确的代词填空
1. Your football clothes are on the d esk.
Please put _________(they，them，their，theirs) away.
2. (We，Us，Our，Ours)_________ English teacher is Mrs. Green.
We all like _________(she，her，hers).
3. (I，Me，My，Mine)_________ can’t get my kite.
Could you help _________(I，me，my，mine)?
4. Tom can’t get d own from the tree.
Can you help _________(he，him，his)?
5. These are _________(he，him，his) planes.
The white ones are _________(I，me，mine).
6. We can’t find our bikes.
Can you help _________(we，us，our，ours)?
B. 填入正确的人称代词和物主代词
1. This isn’t________knife. _________ is green. ( she )
2. These are your books，Kate. Put __________ in the desk，please. (they )
3. _______ must look after ________ things. ( you )
4. Wei Fang，is that ________ ruler? Yes，it’s.( you )
5. They want a football. Give __________ the green one，please. ( they)
6. It’s Lin Tao’s bag. Give it to __________. ( he )
7. Is this pencil-box Li Lei’s? No，___________ is very new. ( he )
8. This box is too heavy. I can’t carry _________. ( it )
Don’t worry，Let __________( I ) help __________. ( you)
9. ____ is a boy ____ name is Mike. Mike’s friends like ____ very much. (he)
10. My sister is in _____ room. _____ is a teacher. ( she )
11. Jane is a little girl. _____ mother is a nurse. ( she )
12. We are in _____ classroom. _____ classroom is big. ( we)
13. My father and mother are teachers. _____ are busy ( them)
二、指示代词
这个__________________ - 这些_________________ 那个________________ - 那些________________
三、相互代词
each other = one another 彼此
四、疑问代词
who, whom, whose, what,和which等，在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。

五、不定代词
英语中的不定代词常常成对出现，如some和any，all和both，littl e和a little，等等。

另外，还有由some，any，every，no与body，one，thing构成的复合不定代词。

※常见不定代词用法与意义：
1.some & any
一些、几个，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句。

2.many & much
许多，many修饰或代替可数名词复数，而much用来修饰或代替不可数名词。

3.one
one指代前文中出现过的可数名词可指人，也可指物，有避免重复的作用。

one指代单数名词；ones指代复数名词。

4.everything & everybody
everything所有、一切，指代物；everybody每个人、人人，指代人。

两者都做单数使用，作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

六、关系代词
关系代词用来引导定语从句。

它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。

关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。

在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见表：
限定性(指人) 非限定性(指物) 限定性(指人或指物) 主格Who which that
宾格Whom that that
所有格Whose of which/whose of which/whose
七、连接代词
who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever.
其他代词练习题
1. 翻译：
（1）作为同学，我们应该对彼此友好并互相信任。

（2）你喜欢那个？这件外套，还是那件？
（3）我喜欢我的高中英语老师，他曾经给了我许多的帮助。

（4）那是一些重要的东西吗？
（5）他在邮局工作是一个谎言。

2. 选择填空：
( ) 1. There is not ______ meat in my bowl. There is _______ chicken in it.
A. some; any
B. any; some
C. any; any
D. some; some
( ) 2. Coul d you d o______for me, pl ease?
A. everything
B. nothing
C. something
D. anything
( ) 3. The bottle is empty. There is______ in it.
A. anything
B. something
C. nothing
D. everything
( ) 4. —Did you find ______ in the room? —No, we found ______ there.
A. anybody; nobody
B. somebody; everybody
C. anybody; somebody
D. everybody; anybody
( ) 5. I have a lot of work to d o. 1 have______ time to play.
A. not
B. any
C. no
D. some
( ) 6. Would you like ______ more coffee?
A. little
B. any
C. some
D. another
( ) 7. Listen to me. I have_______ to tell you.
A. anything new
B. something new
C. new something
D. nothing new ( ) 8. By the way, is there ______ in today's newspaper?
A. something new
B. anything new
C. new something
D. new anything ( ) 9. —Are these two books interesting?
—Yes, ________ of them are interesting.
A. both
B. all
C. either
D. neither
( ) 10. He couldn't make himself understood because _______ of us knew what he said.
A. none
B. no
C. nobody
D. not
( ) 11. _____ of them is good at singing.
A. Both
B. All
C. No one
D. Neither
( ) 12. —Which would you like, a cup of tea or a glass of milk?
—________, thanks. I think I'll just have a glass of water.
A. None
B. Neither
C. Both
D. Either
( ) 13. —Which club woul d you like to join, art club or basketball club?
—________is OK. I’m good at them.
A. Neither
B. Either
C. Both
D. All
( ) 14. Can I have_______bottle of orange, please?
A. another
B. other
C. others
D. the others
( ) 15. There are forty-four stud ents in Class One. Nineteen of them are boys, ____ are girls.
A. the other
B. the others
C. others
D. some others
( ) 16. Mr Smith has two sons. ________ is a soldier, _______ is a doctor.
A. One; another
B. One; other
C. This; the other
D. One; the other ( )17. There are many people in the park now. Some are boating. __ are walking along the lake.
A. the other
B. other
C. the others
D. others
( ) 18. I borrowed two books. ________ is in English, and________ is in Chinese.
A. It; another
B. One; another
C. The one; another
D. One; the other ( ) 19. The film isn't interesting. _______ peopl e like it.
A. Few
B. A little
C. A few
D. Little
( ) 20. She can speak _______ English now.
A. a little
B. a few
C. many
D. few
( ) 21. Hurry up! There is________ time l eft.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
( ) 22. There is ___ food in the house. Would you please go to the supermarket and get some?
A. a little
B. little
C. few
D. a few
（）23. —_______ is that man over there?
—He is Dic k’s uncle.
A. Where
B. What
C. Who
D. Which
（）22. Harry Potter is so interesting a book that lots of teenagers like to read ________.
A. it
B. this
C. that
D. one
（）23. —Your watch is quite nice. Where did you buy ________?
—In Shanghai. Do you want to have ________ like this?
A. it; one
B. it; it
C. one; it
D. one; one
（）24. Most young people find ________ exciting to watch a football match.
A. it
B. this
C. that
D. one
（）25. The pears in my basket are small er than ________ in Jim’s.
A. it
B. that
C. those
D. one。