06(解析版)-备战2021年高考英语(完形填空+阅读理解+语法填空)

备战2021年高考英语假期提分组合高效练06

（完形填空+阅读理解+语法填空）

一、完形填空

1

Making choices is hard. That would be why researcher Moran Cerf has 1 it from his life. As a rule, he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.

This is 2 by his research in neuroeconomics(神经经济学)(a somewhat new. divisive field) at Northwestern University. As Business Insider describes, Cerf has extended his ideas—which draw on some controversial ideas in psychology, including ego depletion out-into a piece of advice that, to 3 happiness, people should "build a life that requires 4 decisions by surrounding themselves with people who possess traits they prefer.

On an instinctive level, Cerf's idea 5 : Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the inputs of 6 people around them. One example Cerf furnishes is that. 7 consistently ordering the second menu item, he never picks where to eat. Rather, he 8 his decision to his dining partner—which friend he plans to eat with, probably one he trusts—and always lets them pick.

While it’s 9 what, if any scientific principles underlie those pieces of advice, there is no shortage of research showing that choices can sometimes feel more 10 than liberating. An example from Quanta poits (假设)：If you have a clear love of Snickers(士力架),choosing that over an Almond Joy(杏仁巧克力)or a Milky Way(牛奶巧克力)should be a 11 . And, as an experiment conducted by neuroscientist Paul Glimcher at NYU shows most of the time it is, 12 you introduce more choices.

When the participants were offered three candy bars (Snickers, Milky Way, and Almond Joy) they had no problem picking their favorite, but when they were given the option of one among 20 including Snickers, they would sometimes drift away from their 13 . When the choices were taken away in later trials, the participants would wonder what caused them to make such a bad decision.

As Quanta details, according to a model called “divisive normalization”(分裂归一化), which has gained some popularity, the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options. So if you have two things that are clearly 14 brain areas involved in decision-making fire in a pattern that makes the decision clear. When the choices are comparable, the brain docs its best to focus on the distinctions between the two, but more choices 15 that ability out.

1. A. relieved B. released C. eliminated D. liberated

2. A. influenced B. inherited C. implemented D. informed

3. A. maximize B. balance C. cherish D. seek

4. A. safer B. fewer C. better D. sounder

5. A. stands out B. comes into force C. makes sense D. plays a part

6. A. distinguished B. trusted C. authorized D. honored

7. A. in addition to B. instead of C. in spite of D. regardless of

8. A. conveys B. relates C. submits D. limits

9. A. evident B. unclear C. critical D. inevitable

10. A. confusing B. inspiring C. worrying D. appealing

11. A. stressor B. no-brainer C. challenge D. headache

12. A. after B. before C. when D. until

13. A. preference B. struggle C. status D. direction

14. A. impressive B. insignificant C. unique D. distinct

15. A. crowd B. figure C. sort D. put

【答案】1. C2. D3. A4. B5. C6. B7. A8. D9. B10. A11. B12. D13. A14. D15. A

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在做决定时心理学理论和大脑的工作过程。选项越少时，人们更容易选择自己喜欢的事物，但当选项变多时，人们往往会偏离自己喜欢的东西。

1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：做决定是非常困难的，这就是为什么研究者Moran Cerf把把做决定这一活动从他生命中消除的原因。A. relieved解除；B. released释放；C. eliminated消除；D. liberated解放。分析文章内容可知，后文提到“As a rule, he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.”通常来讲，Moran Cerf在餐厅时总是选择菜单第二个选项。由此判断，Moran Cerf已经放弃了选择这个活动，在他的生活中已经不需要选择了。故选C。

2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是他在西北大学神经经济学，这一较新的研究领域中得出的。A. influenced影响；B. inherited继承；C. implemented实施；D. informed通知；了解。分析文章内容可知，Moran Cerf是西北大学的研究员，因此才能根据他的研究得出“Making choices is hard. ”做决定很困难这一结论。故选D。

3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cerf扩充了他的想法——这些想法借鉴了心理学中一些有争议的想法，包括自我枯竭，他提出了一条建议，即为了使幸福最大化，人们应该多和自己有着相同喜好的人接触以做出更少的决定。A. maximize最大化；B. balance平衡；C. cherish珍惜；D. seek寻求。分析文章内容可知，Cerf 认为做决定是一件很困难的事，而且在他的日常生活中他也尽量避免做决定，从神经经济学的角度来讲，