必修一 unit1 单词,语言点,语法项目及练习

高中英语必修一单词及语言点总结
单词总结
Unit 1 Friendship
一、单词拼写
1.When learning English, it is quite important to develop the ability of____________ (交际).
2.Failing in the examination again ___________ (心烦意乱) her a lot.
3.Those who are in difficult s___________ usually work harder to get out of it.
4.As an e__________ of the newspaper, I should be responsible for what is printed in it.
5.He was punished by the school because of his c____________ in the exam.
6.Many t__________ are so crazy about football that they get up to watch football games at midnight.
7.My English is very friendly to us. She often gives us some a_________ on learning English.
8.It’s quite n_________ for a person to refuse the offer of help from strangers.
9.What is the r_________ for your absence of yesterday’s meeting?
10.Dancing with the rich in the party, he had a f_________ of being laughed at.
二、选词填空。

face to face list concern about go through share reason suffer point habit add up
1.Every time he __________ the figures, he gets a different answer.
2.They are ___________ with a new problem which they must solve at once.
3.I am not in the ___________ of going to see a film in the day.
4.She ____________ all the things she had to buy.
5.What are the _____________ to look for when you are buying a new computer.
6.She just suddenly left without giving any_____________.
7.We _____________ the cost of the meal.
8.Mr. Zhang ____________ heavy loses in the accident.
9.She has _____________ an unhappy time recently.
10.She thinks only of herself, she never ______________ other people.
三、短语翻译
1．努力去做某事________________________
2．根据_____________________
3．对……很狂热______________________
4．度假_________________
5．关心__________________
6．镇定下来______________________
7．与……相处得好\不好________________________
8．有……的麻烦______________________
9．经历，经受___________________________
10．故意________________________
参考答案
Unit 1
一、 1. communication 2. upset 3. situation 4. editor 5. cheating
6. teenagers
7. advice
8. natural
9. reason 10. feeling
二、1. adds up 2. face to face 3. habit 4. listed 5. points 6. reason
7. shared 8. suffer 9. gone through 10. concerns herself about \ with
三、1．Make an effort to do sth. 2. according to 3. be crazy about
4. on holiday
5. be concerned about
6. calm down
7. get on \ along well \ badly with…. 8. have trouble with 9. go through
10. on purpose
语言点总结
Unit 1 Friendship
Word usage
1.a dd (to) v. 1) to put together with something else so as to increase the number, size, or importance; 2) to join (numbers or amounts ) so as to find the total.
eg: The fire is going out; will you add some wood?
The snowstorm added to our difficulties.
Add up these figures for me, please.
2.i gnore v. to take no notice of; refuse to pay attention to
eg: His letters were ignored.
Even the best of men ignored that simple rule.
My advice was completely ignored.
3. concern v. 使担心;使不安(+about/for); 涉及,关系到;影响到
eg: The boy's poor health concerned his parents.
He is concerned for her safety.
The news concerns your brother.
He was very concerned about her.
4. loose adj. not firmly or tightly fixed.
She wore loose garments in the summer.
I have got a loose tooth.
Some loose pages fell out of the book.
5. purpose n. [C] an intention or plan; a person’s reason for an action.
What is the purpose of his visit?
The purpose of a trap is to catch and hold animals.
Did you come to London to see your family, or for business purpose?
6. series n. (of) a group of things of the same kind or related in some way, coming one after
another or in order.
Then began a series of wet days that spoiled our vacation.
This publishing firm is planning a new series of school textbooks.
They carried out a series of experiments to test the new drug.
7. cheat. 1) v. to behave in a dishonest way in order to win an advantage;
2) n. a person who cheats; dishonest persons
They cheated the old woman of her house and money.
The salesman cheated me into buying a fake.
He never cheated in exams.
I see you drop that card, you cheat!
I never thought that Sam is a cheat.
8. share 1) vt.&vi. (in\with\ amount\between) to have, use or take part in something with others
or among a group.
2) n. (in\of) the part belongs to, owed to or done by a particular person.
The money was shared out between them.
Sam and I share a room.
We shared in his joy.
They always share their happiness and sorrow.
I have done my share of the work.
9. crazy adj. 1) mad ; foolish 2) [+about] wildly excited; very interested
You're crazy to go out in this stormy weather.
John's crazy about that girl.
She is just crazy about dancing.
10. dare v.& v.aux.. 1) + to do; 2) + v
to be brave enough or rude enough (to do sth. dangerous, difficult or unpleasant).
How dare you accuse me of lying!
How dare you ask me such a question?
My younger sister dare not go out alone.
He did not dare to leave his car there.
11. trust 1) n. [U] (in) form believe in the honesty, goodness or worth etc, of someone or
something
2) v. to believe in the honesty and worth of someone or something; have confidence in
I have no trust in him.
I don’t place any trust in the government’s promises.
Why do you trust a guy like him?
I trust your wife will soon get well.
12. suffer v. (for) to experience pain, difficulty or loss
I cannot suffer such rudeness.
He suffered from poverty all his life.
My father suffers from high blood pressure.
They suffered a great deal in those days.
13. advice n. [U] opinion given to someone about what they should do in a particular situation
→v. advise to give advice to
I want your advice, sir. I don't know what to do.
I asked the doctor for her advice.
I f you take my advice, you won’t tell anyone about this.
He gave them some good\ sound advice.
14. communicate v. 1) (to) to make (opinions, feelings, information etc. ) known or understood
by others. e.g. by speech, writing or body movements;
2) (with) to share or exchange opinions, feelings, information etc.
Our teacher communicates his idea very clearly.
He had no way to communicate with his brother.
Did she communicate my wishes to you?
We learn a language in order to communicate.
Deaf people use sign language to communicate.
15. calm 1) adj. free from excitement, nervous activity or strong feelings; quiet
2) n. [U] peace and quiet
3) v. to make calm
You must try to be calm.
The high wind passed and the sea was calm again.
The police chief advised his men to stay \ keep calm and not lose their tempers. There was a calm on the sea.
She calmed the baby by giving him some milk.
We calmed the old lady down.
Useful expressions:
1.a dd up
to join (numbers or amounts ) so as to find the total.
Add up 3, 4 and 5 and you'll get 12.
Add up your score and see how many points you can get.
If we add these marks up, we'll get a total of 90.
2.c alm down
to make or become calm
Calm down, sir. What's the trouble?
Just calm down, there’s nothing to worry about!
We tried to calm him down, but he keep shouting.
3.b e concerned about \with
to worry or interest
My parents are concerned about my studies.
Don’t concern yourself about \ with other people’s affairs.
She’s concerned about his son’s future.
4.g o through
1) to suffer or experience; 2) to look at or examine carefully;
3) to pass through or be accepted
The country has gone through too many wars.
The new law did not go through.
Let’s go through it again, this time with the music.
5.s et down
1) to make a written record of; write down 2) put down
I have set down everything that happened.
I will set down the story as it was told to me.
Please set me down at the next corner.
6.a series of + pl. & n 做主语时，谓语动词用单数
一连串的，一系列的，连续的
There has been a series of car accidents at the crossing.
These days I have read a series of articles on reading.
A series of TV play is on Channel 1 these days.
7.o n purpose
intentionally; with a particular stated intention
He did it on purpose.
“I am sorry I stepped on your toe; it was an accident.” “It wasn’t! You do it on purpose.”
I came here on purpose to see you.
8.a ccording to
as stated by sb. or sth.
They divided themselves into three groups according to age. Please arrange the books according to size.
According to the Bible, Adam was the first man.
According to her, grandfather called at noon.
9.f all in love
begin to be in love (with sb.)
They fell in love at once; it was love at first sight.
What will he do if his daughter falls in love with a poor man? They fell in love with each other for years.
10.join in
to take part in (an activity)
They are going to join in the singing.
She started dancing and we all joined in.
Would you like to join in my birthday party?
语法知识
直接引语和间接引语的用法及练习巩固
一、直接引语和间接引语的意义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的意思，被转述的部分称为间接引语。

间接引语多数构成宾语从句。

二、直接引语改为间接引语时连词的使用：
1、直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语的连词用that，that可以省略。

如：
“I have lived in the south for years,”Mrs Duncan said.
→Mrs Duncan told me (that) she had lived in the south for years. Duncan夫人说她在南方住了许多年。

“I shall tell him exactly what I think,”she said.
→She said (that) she would tell him exactly what she thought. 她说她将会告诉他她所想的。

2、直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语的连词用if / whether。

如：
He said，“Are you interested in English?”
→He asked (me) if I was interested in English. 他问我是否对英语感兴趣。

He said，“Did you see him last night?”→He asked (me) whether I had seen him the night before. 他问我头天晚上是否见到了他。

3、直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语的连词用特殊疑问句本身所带的疑问词如when，where，who，why，how，how many，how old等等。

如：
“What do you want?”he asked me.
→He asked me what I wanted. 他问我想要什么。

“How can we improve the condition of the soil?”the farmers asked him.
→The farmers asked him how they could improve the condition of the soil. 农民们询问他如何才能提高土壤的质量。

4、直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语不用连词，而是将直接引语改为动词不定式用作句子的
宾语补足语。

如：
She said to us，“Please sit down. ”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said，“Don’t make so much noise，boys. ”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
“Please explain why you’re two and a half hours late,”the boss said.
→The boss asked him to explain why he was two and a half hours late.
“Don’t give up!”Father shouted at him.
→Father told him in a loud voice not to give up.
“Get everything ready in half an hour,”the teacher said to the students.
→The teacher ordered the students to get everything ready in half an hour.
〖注〗主句的谓语动词有时要根据直接引语的情态和语气作相应的变化，如say说；tell sb. 告诉某人；ask问/请求；suggest建议；order命令等等。

四、时态的变化：如主句的谓语动词为现在时态范畴，间接引语中的时态一般不作变化；但如果主句的谓语动词为过去时态范畴，则间接引语多改用相应的过去时态。

其规律见下表：
直接引语间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时
现在进行时过去进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
一般将来时一般过去将来时
现在完成进行时过去完成进行时
一般过去时过去完成时
如：She’s preparing her lessons,”I said.
→I said that she was preparing her lessons.
I said to them，“He’ll get excited. ”
→I told them that he would get excited.
He said to me，“Jane spent all her time doing that. ”
→He told me that Jane had spent all her time doing that.
例外：
1、直接引语如果有表示具体过去时间的时间状语（如in 1992,last week）等，在变为间接引语时可以不变。

如：
My father said to me，“I read the book in 1986. ”
→My father told me he read the book in 1986.
2、直接引语表达的意思是客观真理时，时态可以不变。

如：
The geography teacher said to us，“The earth turns around the sun. ”
→The geography teacher told us that the earth turns around the sun.
五、间接引语中人称代词的变化：要根据句子的意义作相应的变动。

其规律是：一主二宾三不变，即第一人称代词指的是句子的主语；第二人称代词指的是句子的宾语；第三人称代词不用变化。

如：
“I haven’t brought my dictionary. ”the student said.
→The student said that he hadn’t brought his dictionary.
六、指示代词、时间、地点状语的变化：通常总是由近指改为远指。

其规律见下表：
直接引语间接引语
now（现在）then（那时）
ago（以前）before（以前）
today（今天）that day（那天）
this morning（今天早晨）that morning（那天早晨）
yesterday（昨天）the day before（前一天）
yesterday morning（昨天早晨）the morning before（前一天早晨）
tomorrow（明天）the next/following day; the day after（第二天）last week/month（上星期/上个月）the week/month before（前一个星期/月）
next week/month（下星期/上个月）the week/month after（第二个星期/月）
the following week/month
this week/month（本星期/本月）that week/month（那个星期/月）
here（这儿）there（那儿）
如：
“I’ll come and see you again this evening，Tom. ”he said.
→He told Tom that he would go and see him again that evening.
例外：如果现场转述别人的话或当句子的意义不会引起误解的情况下，则勿须改变以上内容。

如：
“I’ll come here again today,”she said.
→She said that she’d come here again today.
七、语序的使用：间接引语中总是使用陈述语序。

如：
She asked，“What is it? What’s going to happen now?”
→She asked what it was and what was going to happen then.
The boy was wondering，“How does the computer work?”
→The boy was wondering how the computer worked.
He asked me，“Do you study English or French?”
→He asked me whether I studied English or French.
“It’s Mary，isn’t it?”asked Jane.
→Jane asked whether it was Mary or not.
能力过关检测
1. The teacher said，“Don’t be late，Mary. ”
The teacher told ____.
A. Mary not to be late
B. Mary to be not late
C. Mary are not late
D. not to be late
2. He asked her，“Where are you going?”
He asked her ____.
A. where she were going
B. where she was going to
C. where she was going
D. where she is going
3. The lady said，“I shall go there on time. ”
The lady said that ____.
A. she would come there on time
B. she would come here on time
C. she would got here on time
D. he would got here on time
4. He said to me，“I wrote to my father yesterday. ”
He told me he had written to his father ____.
A. the yesterday
B. before today
C. the day before
D. the next day
5. The teacher asked，“Are you waiting for the bus?”
The teacher asked ____ for the bus.
A. if I was waiting
B. was I waiting
C. you are waiting
D. I was waiting
6. The professor said that light ____ faster than sound.
A. travels
B. traveled
C. travel
D. travelled
7. My mother asked me to show my homework to her.
My mother said to me，“Show ____ homework. ”
A. her my
B. me your
C. her your
D. me his Key:
强化训练题：ACBCA AB。