(英语)阅读理解(科普环保)练习题含答案

（英语）阅读理解(科普环保)练习题含答案
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Tablets are really useful devices, but their big screens always make them as a burden to carry around without a bag. Wouldn't it be great if there were a phone with the powers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit neatly into the hand?
Now something like a tablet-shaped but foldable phone is about to become available. In February, South Korean electronics company Samsung and China's Huawei both launched foldable phones, the Galaxy Fold and Huawei Mate X respectively. Mobile phone use has entered the "foldable future", The Verge noted.
The technology could change our lives in significant ways. These devices, due to their bendable screens, give us the larger screens we want. Meanwhile, they still fit easily into the pocket. As USA Today noted, they're "the combination of a small tablet and smartphone, all in a single device".
The technology could change other devices, too. For example, we could make TVs that stick to walls like posters, or fold up easily to hide away in drawers. In crowded modem cities, they will help us to maximize available space.
In a keynote address, Samsung's senior vice president of mobile product marketing, Justin Denison, called the foldable screen "the foundation for the smartphone of tomorrow". "It's a blank canvas (画布) for us to do something beautiful together." he said.
So is there nothing to stand in the way of the foldable future? According to tech news website Android Authority, the necessary displays were difficult to produce. In 2012, nine out of every 10 OLED (二极管) screens produced were imperfect. Today, that 10 percent rate has been improved to between 50 and 90 percent. However, at present these foldable devices are expensive. For example, the price of Huawei Mate X is 17,500 RMB. That's a price that few people will be able to afford.
But if the foldable device isn't going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming. Patrick Moorhead, an industry analyst told The Verge, "Few are debating if foldable or rollable mobile displays are the future of smartphones; the only question is when and by whom."（1）What can be the best title for the text?
A. Screen devices on the market.
B. Foldable age is arriving.
C. Possible powers of a tablet.
D. Foldable screens are imperfect.
（2）What can we learn from Justin Denison's words?
A. The foldable screen has great potential.
B. The Galaxy Fold still has many problems.
C. The production of foldable phones will soon increase.
D. Companies need to work together to develop foldable phone.
（3）What is the problem with foldable phones at the moment?
A. They are easy to break.
B. They are inconvenient to carry.
C. They are not as useful as expected.
D. They are unaffordable for most families.
（4）What is the author's attitude toward the future of the foldable screen?
A. Worried.
B. Cautious.
C. Positive.
D. Unconcerned.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。

”
（1）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Wouldn't it be great if there were a phone with the p owers of a tablet that could be folded up and fit neatly into the hand?”如果有一款具有平板电脑功能的手机，可以折叠起来，整齐地放在手里，那不是很棒吗?；以及第二段中的“Now something like a tablet-shaped but foldable phone is about to become available.”现在，类似于平板形状的可折叠手机即将问世。

可知本文主题是“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Justin Denison, called the foldable screen ‘the foundation for the smartphone of tomorrow’.‘It's a blank canvas (画布) for us to do something beautiful together.’” Justin Denison称可折叠屏幕是“未来智能手机的基础”。

“这是一块空白的画布，我们可以一起做一些美好的事情。

”“可知，我们能从贾斯汀·丹尼森的话中了解到“可折叠屏幕”具有很大的潜力。

”故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“However, at present these foldable devices are expensive. For example, the price of Huawei Mate X is 17,500 RMB. That's a price that few people will be able to afford.”然而，目前这些可折叠设备价格昂贵。

例如华为Mate X的价格是17500元人民币。

这是一个很少有人能负担得起的价格。

可知，目前可折叠手机大多数家庭都买不起。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“But if the foldable device isn't going to change the world overnight, there is no doubt that it is coming.”但如果这种可折叠设备不能在一夜之间改变世界，那么毫无疑问，它将会到来。

可知，作者对可折叠屏幕的未来持的态度是积极的。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

My two- and four-year-old boys love to win, whether they're racing their bikes down the sidewalk or just finishing their snacks. It's true that those with high status, from world leaders and prize winners to athletes and movie stars, are people we like and respect. A recent study published in Nature Human Behaviour showed that we seem to have an innate (天生的) preference for high-ranking peoples—but only if those people aren't hurtful toward others.
Researchers showed toddlers (aged 21 to 31 months) a scene where two puppets (木偶) approached one another from opposite sides of a stage and one bowed to let the other pass first. Asked which puppet they liked better, 18 of the 21 toddlers in the experiment reached for the
puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status, this suggests that children have a preference for those with a higher status—even before age three. However, the results were quite different when two puppets approached one another and one used force to knock the other down before continuing to the other side. In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked down. As the researchers concluded, "When approaching others, very young children care not only who wins, but also how." The previous experiment has shown that toddlers know about social status, but this experiment went one step further by proving they have an obvious preference for high status. Since the participants were so young, this might even be an innate human preference.
In a word, this new research suggests that young children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others. So, when my four-year-old thinks that he has to get his shoes on first, I'll keep reminding him that helping his brother so they both finish faster is what winning is all about.
（1）What do we tend to do according to the first paragraph?
A.Seek challenges all the time.
B.Admire high-ranking people.
C.Take advantage of high status.
D.Hurt others with offensive words.
（2）Why did toddlers prefer the puppet allowed to pass?
A.It looked adorable.
B.It behaved smartly.
C.It seemed polite.
D.It was respected.
（3）What can we infer from the latter study?
A.Slower people are better loved by toddlers.
B.People naturally dislike unkind behavior.
C.Toddlers care little about high social status.
D.Being helpful contributes to being supported.
（4）What should we do when we encourage children to win?
A.Instruct them to use proper and creative ways.
B.Advise them to be as hardworking as possible.
C.Remind them to be considerate to other people.
D.Tell them to try to cooperate with someone else.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们更倾向于喜欢和尊敬地位高而又无害于他人的人，这似乎是一种天性，即使是蹒跚学步的孩子也是如此。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“A recent study published in Nature Human Behavi our showed that we seem to have an innate（天生的）preference for high-ranking peoples—but
only if those people aren't hurtful toward others.”可知，我们更倾向于敬佩那些地位高的人。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Asked which puppet they liked better, 18 of the 21 toddlers in the experiment reached for the puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status, this suggests that children have a preference for those with a higher status—even before age three.”可知，蹒跚学步的孩子喜欢那个被允许通过的木偶，是因为这种行为代表着受人尊敬，孩子们更喜欢受尊敬的人。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked down.和Since the participants were so young, this might even be an innate human preference.”可知，孩子们会走向被撞倒的人，而由于孩子太小，甚至可能是人类与生俱来的偏好。

由此可推断出，人们天生不喜欢不友善的行为。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“In a word, this new research suggests that young children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others.”可知，孩子欣赏那些在做好事的同时表现出色的人。

由此可推断出，我们鼓励孩子去赢的同时，提醒他们要体谅他人。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Boomerang children who return to live with their parents after university can be good for families, leading to closer, more supportive relationships and increased contact between the generations, a study has found.
The findings contradict research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant decline in their parents' quality of life and wellbeing.
The young adults taking part in the study were "more positive than might have been expected about moving back home—the shame is reduced as so many of their peers are in the same position, and they acknowledged the benefits of their parents' financial and emotional support. Daughters were happier than sons, often slipping back easily into teenage patterns of behaviour, the study found.
Parents on the whole were more uncertain, expressing concern about the likely duration of the arrangement and how to manage it. But they acknowledged that things were different for graduates today, who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities.
The families featured in the study were middle-class and tended to view the achievement of
adult independence for their children as a "family project". Parents accepted that their children required support as university students and then as graduates returning home, as they tried to find jobs paying enough to enable them to move out and get on the housing ladder. "However", the study says, "day-to-day tensions about the prospects of achieving different dimensions of independence, which in a few extreme cases came close to conflict, characterised the experience of a majority of parents and a little over half the graduates".
Areas of disagreement included chores, money and social life. While parents were keen to help, they also wanted different relationships from those they had with their own parents, and continuing to support their adult children allowed them to remain close.
（1）What is the finding of the previous research?
A. Boomerang children made their parents happier.
B. The parents were looking forward to their children's return.
C. The parents' quality of life became worse than before.
D. Boomerang children never did any housework.
（2）The underlined word "trigger" in Paragraph 2 may be best replaced by ________. A. cause B. defeat C. arise D. allow
（3）What is the attitude of the college graduates towards returning home?
A. They are ashamed of turning to their parents for help.
B. They are glad that they could come back.
C. They are doubtful about whether they should return.
D. They are proud to be independent from the family.
（4）What can be inferred as the reason for the "boomerang children" phenomenon?
A. The children want to keep in closer touch with their parents.
B. The parents are willing to provide support to their children.
C. It is harder for the children to secure a satisfying job.
D. There is more house work needed to be done by the children.
（5）What is the side effect of the boomerang children phenomenon?
A. Both parents and children enjoy a more harmonious relationship.
B. Neither parents nor children want to do the chores at home.
C. Not only parents but also children want to be independent.
D. There are occasional quarrels between parents and children.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
（5）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项研究发现，“回巢族”子女在大学毕业后回到父母身边生活对家庭是有好处的，他们会与父母建立更亲密、更具支持性的关系，并增进两代人之间的联系。

而这一发现与今年早些时候发表的一项研究结果相矛盾，该研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著下降。

父母和孩子对于独立的紧张情绪会导致父母和子女之间偶尔的争吵。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“The findings disagree with the research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant worsening in their parents' quality of life and wellbeing.”这一发现与今年早些时候发表的一项研究结果不一致，早些的研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著恶化。

可知，以往的研究显示，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感比之前更差，故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“The findings disagree with the research published earlier this year showing that returning adult children trigger a significant worsening in their parents' quality of life and wellbeing. ”通过新旧研究对比，以往的研究表明，返乡的成年子女会导致父母的生活质量和幸福感显著下降。

即可推理划线部分单词trigger意为“导致，致使”，与cause意义一致。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“The young adults taking part in the study were‘more positive than might have been expected’about moving back home – the shame is reduced as so many of their friends are in the same position, and they acknowledged the benefits of their parents' financial and emotional supp ort.”参与这项研究的年轻人对于搬回家“比预期的更积极”——他们的羞愧感减少了，因为他们的许多朋友都处于同样的处境，而且他们承认父母在经济和情感上的支持是有好处的。

）可知，大学毕业生对回家的态度是积极的，很高兴能够回家，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“But they acknowledged that things were different for graduates today, who leave university with huge debts and fewer job opportunities.”但他们承认，如今的毕业生情况有所不同，他们毕业时背负着巨额债务，工作机会也更少。

由此推断出，孩子们很难找到一份满意的工作，故选C。

（5）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的"‘However’, the study says, ‘day-to-day tensions about the prospects of achieving different dimensions of independence, which in a few extreme cases came c lose to conflict”可知对于实现不同层面独立前景的日常紧张情绪，是大多数家长和略多于一半毕业生经历的特征。

在少数极端情况下，这种紧张情绪接近冲突。

可知回巢族孩子现象的副作用是在少数情况下，紧张情绪会导致父母和孩子之间偶尔发生争吵。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．犇犇阅读理解
Researchers have found bees can do basic mathematics, in a discovery that deepens our understanding of the relationship between brain size and brain power. Recently, A study conducted by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (减法).
Solving math problems requires a complex level of involving the mental management of numbers, long-term rules and short-term working memory. The finding that even the tiny brain of a honeybee can grasp basic mathematical operations has a possible effect on the future development of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in improving rapid learning.
RMIT's Professor Adrian Dyer said numerical (数字的) operations like addition and subtraction are compl ex because they require two levels of processing. “You need to be able to hold the rules around adding and subtracting in your long-term memory, while mentally using skillfully a set of given numbers in your short-term memory,” Dyer said. “On top of this, our bees also used their short-term memories to solve arithmetic problems, as they learned to recognize plus or minus as abstract concepts.”
The findings suggest that advanced numerical cognition (认知) may be found much more widely in nature among non-human animals than previously suspected.
“If math doesn't require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both long-term rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new problems,” said Dyer.
Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more complex level of processing.
Previous studies have shown some primates (灵长目动物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.（1）What have the researchers from RMIT University discovered?
A. The relationship between brain size and brain power.
B. Long-term rules and short term working memory.
C. Bees can perform complex arithmetic operations.
D. Bees can do basic mathematics.
（2）According to Adrian Dyer, bees' numerical cognition ________.
A. requires addition and subtraction two complex processing
B. has a possible effect on the future development of AI
C. only involves their short-term working memory
D. calls for a lot of maths knowledge
（3）What does the finding of the new research suggest?
A. Bees can recogize the exact number.
B. Arithmetic operations exist in human and bees.
C. Numerical cognition has been found in many more species.
D. Some primates, birds and even spiders can add and substract.
（4）What can be the best title for the text?
A. A Discovery About the Tiny Brain of Bees
B. New Findings About Bees Having Numerical Cogintion
C. Numerical Cognition Requires a Complex Level of Processing
D. The Relationship Between Brain Size and Brain Power
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，RMIT大学的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。

此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。

发表在《科学进展》(Science Advances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (减法).”澳大利亚证明蜜蜂可以做加法和减法等算术运算。

”可知，RMIT大学的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“If math doesn't require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both long-term rules and working memory in designs to improve rapi d AI learning of new problems,”如果数学不需要一个巨大的大脑，那么在设计中，我们也可能有新的方法来包括长期规则和工作记忆的互动，从而提高人工智能对新问题的快速学习，可知，Adrian Dyer认为，蜜蜂的数字认知对人工智能的未来发展可能有影响。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more complex level of processing.”许多物种都能理解数量之间的差异，并以此来寻找食物、做出决定和解决问题。

但是数字认知，比如精确的数字和算术运算，需要更复杂的处理。

可知，新研究的发现说明了在更多的物种中发现了数字认知。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据最后一段中的“Previous studies have shown some primates (灵长目动物), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list.”此前的研究表明，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都可以加减法。

发表在《科学进展》(Science Advances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。

”故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．犇犇阅读理解
Three-quarters of the world's coffee farms destroy forest habitat to grow coffee in the sun and typically use harmful pesticides (杀虫剂) and chemicals that poison the environment. When forests disappear, migratory (迁徙的) songbirds disappear, too. In order to deal with severe population and habitat loss, Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification.
Bird Friendly coffees are shade-grown, meaning the coffee is planted under trees, rather than on the land that has been cleared of all other plants. Coffee experts say shade-grown coffees taste better, because the beans ripen slower than coffee grown in the full sun, resulting in a richer, more complex flavor. Bird Friendly certified coffees grow under bio-diverse shade that provides habitat for migratory songbirds and other wildlife, stores carbon and fights climate change. Bird Friendly coffees are also certified organic, meaning they are grown without pesticides, which is better for people and for the planet.
Bird Friendly producers can also earn more for their crops. The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms provide farmers with additional income. Every cup of Bird Friendly coffee purchased
rewards these farmers with a little more money for being good stewards of the environment and encourages them to continue conserving Bird Friendly habitat.
Buying Bird Friendly supports the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center's conservation research aimed at understanding and protecting your feathered friends. You can purchase Bird Friendly certified coffees around the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every cup. Find a store or cafe near you, or better yet, have it shipped to your door when you order online.
（1）What is the present situation of coffee farms?
A. One fourth of them have destroyed forest habitat for birds.
B. Pesticides and chemicals used on them poisoned many birds.
C. Farmers have been aware of environment protection.
D. Scientists pay attention to them and have come up with an idea.
（2）What's a characteristic of Bird Friendly coffees?
A. They may have a better taste.
B. They have a strange flavor.
C. They take less time to ripen.
D. They are grown on unpolluted land.
（3）How can Bird Friendly farmers earn more money?
A. By charging consumers more money.
B. By selling fruits and wood from trees.
C. By cutting down trees and selling wood.
D. By serving as stewards of coffee consumers.（4）What does the text suggest coffee consumers do?
A. Consume less coffee.
B. Order coffee online.
C. Purchase shade-grown coffee.
D. Donate to coffee farmers.
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，为了应对严重的迁徙鸟类的数量和栖息地损失，史密森尼的科学家创造了the Bird Friendly certification。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“ In order to deal with severe population and habitat loss, Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification.”可知，科学家们重视咖啡生长地的问题，并以想出应对办法，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“ Coffee experts say shade-grown coffees taste better, because the beans ripen slower than coffee grown in the full sun, resulting in a richer, more complex flavor.”咖啡专家说，阴凉处种植的咖啡味道更好，因为豆子比太阳下的咖啡成熟得慢，会产生更丰富，更复杂的味道。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“ The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms provide farmers with additional income.”可知，咖啡种植者可以通过咖啡树上方的the wood and fruit trees增加收入，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“You can purchase Bird Friendly certified coffees around the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every cup”你能在全世界买Bird Friendly 认证的咖啡，每杯都保护野生动物和栖息地，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需
要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Experts note that an unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk of heart disease and stroke. So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. But there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy. Smile!
Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart. "When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive." He says smiling is the first step in fighting physical and emotional stress and its sometimes harmful effects on human health. This is not just New Age advice. Several studies support his opinion.
When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones (荷尔蒙) including adrenaline and cortisol. Adrenaline increases your heart rate and blood pressure. Cortisol is the body's main stress hormone. It increases sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you. They are part of what we call our fight-or-flight response. However, when we are stressed for a long period, these stress hormones are ever-present in our bodies. And that, medical researchers warn, may lead to health problems.
Researchers say the connection between stress and heart disease is still unclear. However, they claim that when people are stressed for long periods of time, they may have an unhealthy lifestyle, which can lead to health problems.
Dr. Chockalingam says a smile may be one way to help. He tells his patients to smile 20 times an hour. To some, that might seem like a lot of smiling. Or some might even feel foolish ... smiling for seemingly no reason. But a smile does not involve drugs. It is not invasive like a surgical operation. It is free and it has no bad side effects.
"Once people smile, they are relaxing. This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure, improves sugar levels in the blood. If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health." And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone's heart health.
（1）Which of the following agrees with Dr. Chockalingam's opinion?
A.Smile has the same effects as laughter.
B.Smile can be used to take the place of medicine.
C.Smile is better than any healthy lifestyle to health.
D.Smile can make our body produce beneficial chemicals.
（2）What can we know about the mentioned stress hormones?
A.They can lower our blood pressure.
B.They will surely lead to heart diseases.
C.They can benefit us when we are in danger.
D.They will make us live an unhealthy lifestyle.
（3）Why does Dr. Chockalingam think smiling is helpful to our health?
A.It can make us relax.
B.It increases sugar levels.
C.It has little bad side effects.
D.It can happen for no reason.
（4）What can be the best title for the text?
A.A Thorough Analysis of the Causes of Heart Diseases
B.One Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your Heart
C.One Thing That Is Closely Connected with Stress Hormones
D.The Clear Connection Between Unhealthy Lifestyles and Heart Diseases
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，哥伦比亚的心脏病专家Chockalingam博士建议多保持微笑，他认为微笑可能是帮助心脏的一种方式。

同时说明了微笑有利于健康的原因和人们感到压力时的身体反应等情况。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive.”当我们微笑时，大脑的线路会发生变化。

释放出的化学物质更积极。

可知，Chockalingam博士认为微笑能使我们的身体产生有益的化学物质。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you.”如果你真的有危险，这些荷尔蒙会帮助你。

可知，当我们处于危险中时，压力荷尔蒙可以帮助我们。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health. And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone's heart health.”如果我们微笑，我们就打破了压力和健康之间的联系。

而且它可能会为每个人的心脏健康提供一点额外的保护。

可知，Chockalingam博士认为微笑可以使我们放松，从而有利于我们的健康。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第二段中的“Dr. Chockali ngam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart.”哥伦比亚的心脏病专家Chockalingam博士建议他的病人保持微笑。

他说，微笑可能是帮助心脏的一种方式。

以及结合文章内容主要介绍了微笑能够让我们放松进而有利于我们的健康，所以要健康那就要多微笑，所以选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
In 2015, a man named Nigel Richards memorized 386, 000 words in the entire French Scrabble Dictionary in just nine weeks. However, he does not speak French. Richards' impressive feat is a useful example to show how artificial intelligence works—real AI. Both of Richard and AI take in massive amounts of data to achieve goals with unlimited memory and superman accuracy in a certain field.
The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting. Because AI can outperform humans at
routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data—it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.
But not every job will be replaced by AI. In fact four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobs—executives, diplomats, economists —go well beyond the AI limitation of single-field and Big Data. Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI.
Are you worried that these three types of jobs won't employ as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors. These jobs require compassion, trust and sympathy—which AI does not have. And even if AI tried to fake it, nobody would want a robot telling them they have cancer, or a robot to babysit their children.
So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them. This must be the responsibility not just of the government, which can provide funds, but also of corporations and those who benefit most.
（1）What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?
A. To introduce the topic.
B. To mention Nigel's feat.
C. To stress the importance of good memory.
D. To suggest humans go beyond AI in memory.
（2）Which of the following best explains "outperform" underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Be superior to
B. Be inferior to
C. Be similar to
D. Be related to （3）Which of the following jobs is the most likely to be replaced?
A. The writer.
B. The shop assistant.
C. The babysitter.
D. The psychologist.（4）Which of the following suggestions can the author give about job replacement of AI?
A. Limit the application of AI to a certain degree.
B. Get more support from the government.
C. Apply for the donation from companies.
D. Upgrade people's professional skills all the time.
【答案】（1）A
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力,但是,并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代,有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。

因此,在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔·理查兹（Nigel Richards）的人在短短九周内记住了《法国拼字游戏词典》中的386,000个单词。

但是,他不会说法语。

其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。

而后文主要与人工智能有关,由此推断作者写第一段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。

故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—。