宾语从句的引导词

宾语从句的引导词
一、宾语从句：置于动词、介词等词性后面，在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

宾语从句过"三关"：时态，语序，连词。

宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句，有些形容词(afraid，sure，glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。

二、宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：
连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词：who, whose, what ,which
副词：when ,where, how, why 等。

(一)that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)
可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：
say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, e*pect, e*plain, order, mand, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.
〔考前须知：当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, e*pect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否认时，常把否认转移至主句表示。

〕
例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.
在以下情况中that不能省略
1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但
后面的that不可省。

例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。

例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。

例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.
〔考前须知：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。

〕
例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
(二)由whether,if 引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。

意思是"是否〞。

宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。

例句：I wonder whether(if) they will e to our party.
只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句
1、在带to的不定式前
例句：We decided whether to walk there.
2、在介词的后面
例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.
3、在动词后面的宾语从句时
例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting ne*t week
4、直接与or not连用时
例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can e on time.
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
1、if引导条件状语从句，意为"如果〞
例句：The students will go on a piic if it is sunny.
2、if引导否认概念的宾语从句时
例句：He asked if I didn’t e to school yesterday.
3、引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时
例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.
(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

用于这种构造的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。

例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for"
英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。

例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
三、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。

例句：Could you tell me when the train will leave"
四、宾语从句的时态
1、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。

例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.
2、主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的*种形式。

例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。

例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
五、宾语从句的特点
1、宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。

2、宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。

3、连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。

4、whether 和if 都可引导宾语从句，但whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。

5、如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it。

【中考*例】
1. Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 200
2.
A. where does she live
B. Where she lives
C. where did she live
D. where she lived 〔市中考试题〕
【解析】答案：D。

该题考察的是宾语从句的语序和时态。

宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。

2. Would you please tell me ________" 〔**市徐汇区中考试题〕
A. when did he e home
B. where he would play football
C. if he had seen the film
D. why he didn’t watch the game
【解析】答案：D。

该题考察的是宾语从句的语序和时态。

主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。

3. I don’t know when __________.
A. will the train leave
B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave
D. the train leave 〔**市中考试题〕
【解析】答案：B。

该题考察的是宾语从句的语序和时态。

只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。

4. ---We don’t know _____________.
---It is said that he was born in Sweden. 〔**市中考试题〕
A. what he is
B. if he lives here
C. where he es from
D. which country is he from
【解析】答案: C。

该题考察的是宾语从句的语序。

按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是*人是哪里人。

A和B可以排除掉。

D的语序不对，只有C正确。

一、选择填空。

〔〕1. What did Mike say" He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the ne*t week
B. what colour was it
C. the weather is fine
D. summer es after spring
〔〕2. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A. where was he from
B. that the earth is bigger than the moon
C. when did he e back
D. not to be so angry
〔〕3. Let me tell you __________________.
A. how much is the car
B. how much does the car cost
C. how much did I pay for the car
D. how much I spent on the car 〔〕4. Peter knew _______________.
A. whether he has finished reading the book
B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year
D. when they will leave for Paris
〔〕5. Could you tell me ___________"
A. where do you live
B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for
D. where you live in
〔〕6. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise
B. rose
C. rises
D. had risen
〔〕7. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left
B. why did she leave
C. why she had left
D. why had she left
〔〕8. I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.
A. why did he get
B. why he gets
C. why does he get
D. why he got
〔〕9. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter
B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is
D. what's the matter
〔〕10. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens
B. where did it happen
C. how it happened
D. how did it happen
二、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。

1. "These flowers are from Guangdong.〞Tom said.
Tom said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.
2. "Light travels faster than sound.〞My teacher told Mark.
My teacher told Mark _____ light _______ faster than sound.
3. "There will be a meeting in five days.〞Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
4. "Can they speak French"〞I want to know.
I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5. "Are the children playing games"〞Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
6. "Have you finished your homework yet"〞Mr. Guo asked Sun Jia.
Mr. Guo asked Sun Jia ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet. 7. How many people can you see in the picture" Who knows"
Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture"
8. Where did she park her car" Do you know"
Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car"
9. "What does he often talk about"〞Nancy wondered.
Nancy wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.
10. Who knocked at the door so loudly" I don’t know.
I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
三、用适宜的连接词填空。

1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.〔how, why〕
2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today" 〔who, whom〕
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.〔that, if〕
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.〔how, who〕
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.〔how long, how soon〕
6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. 〔if, whether〕
7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. 〔whether, if〕
8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. 〔where, what〕
9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. 〔how, why〕
10. Do you know ______ you are studying for" 〔why, what〕
四、句型转换。

1. "Do you want to try it"〞Tom's mother asked him.〔同义句〕
→Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it.
2. I think this is a good idea.〔改为否认句〕
→I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.〔改为复合句〕
→Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.
4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.〔改为简单句〕
→I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.
5. I don’t suppose they will e, _______ ______" 〔改为反意疑问句〕
五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。

1. We are sure that he ________〔go〕to school tomorrow.
2. Do you know who ______〔be〕the first man to walk on the moon"
3. Could you tell me where the post office ______〔is〕"
4. Our father said that he _______〔will〕buy a new puter.
5. I hear that he _______〔swim〕in the sea yesterday.
6. The little boy tells us where his father _______〔work〕.
7. He said that he _________〔finish〕his work already.
8. They thought they could _______〔hike〕to the top of the mountain.
9. He was glad that so many people _____〔help〕him.
10. She doesn’t know whether ________〔go〕or wait.。