医学英语期末试题及答案

医学英语期末试题及答案
一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）
1. Which of the following is NOT a type of cancer?
A. Melanoma
B. Leukemia
C. Carcinoma
D. Fibroma
2. The term "cardiology" refers to the study of:
A. The heart
B. The lungs
C. The brain
D. The kidneys
3. What is the medical term for inflammation of the stomach lining?
A. Gastritis
B. Bronchitis
C. Hepatitis
D. Nephritis
4. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for:
A. Magnetic Resonance Imaging
B. Medical Records Index
C. Myocardial Resection Imaging
D. Maximum Respiratory Index
5. Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of blood
sugar levels?
A. Insulin
B. Thyroxine
C. Cortisol
D. Estrogen
6. The process of healing a broken bone is called:
A. Fracture
B. Osteogenesis
C. Osteoporosis
D. Osteolysis
7. A "diagnosis" in medicine is:
A. The treatment of a disease
B. The identification of a disease
C. The prevention of a disease
D. The cause of a disease
8. What is the medical term for a surgical incision into the chest cavity?
A. Laparotomy
B. Thoracotomy
C. Craniotomy
D. Hysterectomy
9. The abbreviation "HIV" stands for:
A. Human Influenza Virus
B. Hepatitis Infection Virus
C. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
D. Hereditary Immune Virus
10. A "pathogen" is:
A. A type of medication
B. A disease-causing microorganism
C. A symptom of a disease
D. A preventive measure against disease
二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）
1. The medical term for the surgical removal of the appendix is __________.
2. The study of the nervous system is known as __________.
3. A condition characterized by high levels of blood sugar is called __________.
4. The process of the body fighting off pathogens is known as __________.
5. The abbreviation for the common cold is __________.
6. The medical term for inflammation of the heart muscle is __________.
7. The medical specialty dealing with the urinary system is __________.
8. A person who specializes in the study and treatment of cancer is called an __________.
9. The abbreviation for the human papillomavirus is
__________.
10. A medical condition where the body's immune system attacks its own tissues is known as __________.
三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）
1. Explain the difference between a virus and a bacterium.
2. Describe the function of the thyroid gland.
3. What is the purpose of vaccination?
4. Define the term "epidemic" and give an example.
四、翻译题（每题5分，共20分）
1. 翻译以下医学术语："急性阑尾炎"
2. 翻译以下医学术语："慢性支气管炎"
3. 翻译以下医学术语："高血压"
4. 翻译以下医学术语："糖尿病"
五、病例分析题（每题10分，共20分）
1. 患者，男性，45岁，主诉胸痛，呼吸困难。

体检发现血压180/120 mmHg，心率110次/分钟。

请根据所学知识分析可能的疾病，并提出相应的诊断建议。

2. 患者，女性，34岁，主诉头痛，恶心，呕吐。

体检发现体温
38.5°C，颈项强直。

请根据所学知识分析可能的疾病，并提出相应的诊断建议。

答案：
一、选择题
1. D
2. A
3. A
4. A
5. A
6. B
7. B
8. B
9. C 10. B
二、填空题
1. Appendectomy
2. Neurology
3. Diabetes Mellitus
4. Immunity
5. URI (Upper Respiratory Infection)
6. Myocarditis
7. Urology
8. Oncologist
9. HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
10. Autoimmune Disease
三、简答题
1. 病毒和细菌的主要区别在于大小、结构和复制方式。

病毒比细菌小，没有细胞结构，需要宿主细胞来复制；而细菌是单细胞生物，可以在
适宜的培养基中独立繁殖。

2. 甲状腺的功能包括调节新陈代谢、促进生长发育、影响神经系统的
兴奋性等。

3. 疫苗的目的是预防疾病，通过刺激免疫系统产生对特定病原体的免
疫记忆，从而在未来遇到。