高中英语牛津上海版高中三年级第—学期一轮复习-阅读理解(有答案)

高考一轮复习-语篇理解
语篇理解
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个最佳答案。

语篇1
Ever had a time in your life where cash hasn’t been as plentiful as you’d like and you’ve needed to tighten the budget? We all have.
According to the World Bank, global food prices, driven in part by higher fuel costs, are 36% above their level a year ago. Food and drink are among our biggest ongoing expenses, which means it’s also one of the biggest opportunities for savings.
There are changes of the way you buy and prepare food that can make a big impact on your bank account. Making significant savings on your grocery bill isn’t as hard as you might think, and you can still live well. Here is how：
COOK FROM THE BEGINNING
In general, the more preparation or processing steps a food has undergone, the higher the price. So it’s best to cook things from the very beginning where possible. Even small changes can make a big cost difference. Try buying unwashed whole lettuce or salad leaves and giving them a cleaning yourself. The per-kilogram price can be as much as ten times more for prepackaged salad leaves.
STEWING MEAT
Supply and demand play a big role in food pricing. Food that isn’t fashionable can be excellent value for money. Unfortunately，lamb chops aren’t as inexpensive as they once were — but there are still plenty of other options. Look for oxtail, chicken wing tips and feet, or other organs such as livers and lungs. A quick internet search will give you a host of ideas on how to prepare unfamiliar ingredients. A good place to start is with slow cooked casseroles(砂锅菜）or stews.
BUY IN BULK
A good rule，based on experience，is that “bigger is cheaper”，but larger pack sizes aren’t always better value. It does pay to compare the price to make sure you
really are saving — if you can，check the “ unit pricing”，which compares prices by volume and weight. And make sure you9ll not end up throwing half of it out rather than using it by the expiry (到期) date.
TAKE A LIST
Planning ahead is a great way to economize and reduce the risk of expensive impulse (冲动的）purchases, so make a list of what you need before you head to the supermarket. It’s also a good idea not to shop while you’re hungry to resist the urge to pick up unnecessary food items. IGNORE THE LIST
Give yourself the flexibility to make the most of supermarket specials and discounts, and to use different ingredients or change your weekly recipe (菜谱）plans depending on what’s on sale or the best value for money on the day.
1.It can be learned from the passage that_______________.
A.there may be less opportunity for you to save money when food prices are increasing greatly
B.checking the expiry date is important when buying foods
C.the way we prepare our food affects our expenses
D.changing your weekly recipe plans will help you stay healthy
2.‘‘Buy in bulk” most probably means “_______________’.
A.Buy goods in large quantities
B. Buy unpackaged goods only
C. Buy what’s on sale
D. Buy goods in smaller pack sizes
3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Prepackaged food is usually of high quality.
B.We had better make a plan in advance about what to buy before going to the supermarket.
C.Preparing unfamiliar ingredients usually costs your money and time.
D.We should ignore the supermarket specials and discounts to avoid being tricked.
语篇2
Below is a selection from a popular science book.
Which works harder，your heart or your brain?
That depends on whether you’ve busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.
Where do feelings and emotions come from?
Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals(哺乳动物) have this brain area-----from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.
Why do teeth fall out , and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups?
Baby (or “milk” ) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged , decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they’re gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switch off.
Do old people shrink as they age?
Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do , it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine(脊椎) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity. Many (but not all ) men and women do lose height as they got old. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards----their legs , arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shorter a litter. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.
If blood is red , why are veins (静脉) blue?
Actually , veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear , yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in a vein near
the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light then the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.
Why does spinning make you dizzy?
Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision and balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’re moving while you’re not!
1. Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?
A. Because their spines is in active use.
B. Because they are more easily affected by gravity.
C. Because they keep growing backwards.
D. Because their spine becomes more bent.
2.Which of the following statements about our brain is TRUE?
A.In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B.When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.
C.The brain of any other mammal is as complex as the human brain.
D.Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
3.What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?
A.Blue.
B. Light yellow.
C. Red.
D. Dark reddish purple.
4.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To give advice on how to stay healthy.
B.To provide information about the human body.
C.To challenge new findings in medical research.
D.To report the latest discoveries in medical science.
语篇3
Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israel’s example.
At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patient’s illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.
The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.
Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized（分散的）nursing administration：every
floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses. In addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each unit’s nurses decide among themselves who will work what shifts and when.
Beth Israe’s nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.
1.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel
Hospital?
A.The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.
B.Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.
C.The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.
D.The primary nurse keeps records of the patient’s health conditions every day.
2.It can be inferred from the passage that___________________.
pared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient
B.in most hospitals nurses get lower salaries than nurses at Beth Israel Hospital
C.patients at Beth Israel are taken better care of from the professional point of view
pared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital
3. A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when ___________________.A.the present one is refused by the patient
B.the patient complains about the present one
C.the present one proves to be ineffective
D.the patient is found unwilling to cooperate
4.The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former___________________..
A.is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospital
B.has to arrange the work shifts of the unit’s nurses
C.can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patient
D.has full responsibility in the administration of the unit’s nurses
语篇4
About PISA
The Program for International Student Assessment ( PISA) is a triennial (每三年一次的) international survey which aims to evaluate education systems worldwide by testing the skills and knowledge of 15-year-old students. To date, students representing more than 70 economies have participated in the assessment.
What makes PISA different
PISA is unique because it develops tests which are not directly linked to the school curriculum. The tests are designed to assess to what extent students at the end of compulsory education, can apply their knowledge to real life situations and be equipped for full participation in society. The information collected through background questionnaires also provides context which can help analysts interpret the results.
What the assessment involves
Since the year 2000，every three years, fifteen-year-old students from randomly selected schools worldwide take tests in the key subjects：reading, mathematics and science, with a focus on one subject in each year of assessment. The students take a test that lasts 2 hours. The tests are a mixture of open-ended and multiple-choice questions that are organized in groups based on a passage setting out a real-life situation. A total of about 390 minutes of test items are covered. Students take different combinations of different tests.
Additional PISA initiatives
PISA-based Test for Schools (PTS)
As interest in PISA has grown, school and local educators have been wanting to know how their individual schools compare with students and schools in education systems worldwide. To address this need, the OECD (The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) has developed the PISA-based test for schools. It is currently available in the United States and the OECD is in discussions with governments to make the test available in other countries such as England and Spain.
1.PISA is different from other programmes because ___________________..
A.its test is closely related to the school curriculum
B.its test aims to assess whether students can solve real-life problems
C.its test can equip students for full participation in school
D.test scores directly determine the analysis of the test
2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Test-takers are carefully selected.
B.Test-takers answer the same questions.
C.Test-takers are tested on three key subjects.
D.Test-takers spend about 390 minutes on the test.
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A.Students of all ages will be able to take PTS in the future.
B.More countries are likely to have PTS in the future.
C.School and local educators show little interest in PISA at present.
D.PISA provides evaluation of the education system within a certain country.
语篇5
After retirement from the medical center, my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by swimming clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island. But when I left for the other side of the island，I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages (小屋）. The “lifestyle” of many of the native islanders stood in sharp contrast to my comfortable existence.
By talking to the local folks, I discovered that the vast majority of the maids, gardeners, waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed shocking to me. I wondered why someone didn’t do something about that. Then my father’s words，which he had asked his children daily when they were young，rang in my head again: “What did you do for someone today?”
Even though my father had died several years before, I guess I still didn5t want to disappoint him. So I started working on a solution. The island was full of retired doctors. If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services, we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it. Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea, so long as they could be re-licensed without troubles. It took one year and plenty of persistence, but I was able to persuade the state legislators (议员) to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.
The town donated land, local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends decorating the building that would become the clinic. We named it V olunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 2005, fully staffed by retired physicians, nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. That year we had 5,000 patient visits; last year we had 16,000.
Somehow word of what we were doing got around. Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country, asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities. We did the best we could ——there are now 15 other clinics operating — but we couldn’t keep up with the need. Yet last month I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil Consumer Healthcare, the maker of Tylenol. A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country.
1.What is the passage mainly about?
A.The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island.
B.The story of a man and his wife who likes to help others.
C.The inspiration of a father’s words.
D.The life and work of a retired physician.
2.The purpose of V olunteers in Medicine is to___________________..
A.help retired medical workers improve their incomes
B.provide free medical services to those who need them
C.urge the government to set up non-profit clinics
D.make the dream of the author’s father come true
3.Which of the following has been done by the author himself?
A.Buying the medical equipment.
B.Finding the land and the office.
C.Furnishing the building that could be put to use for the clinic.
D.Getting a special license for the retired doctors.
4.In the last paragraph，“I think my father’s words found their way up north to McNeil” implies
that___________________..
A.my father’s words finally spread to McNeil
B.McNeil decided to do something for the needy people
C.my father’s words had a great influence over McNeil
D.McNeil was badly in need of professional advice from retired doctors
语篇6
In 1800, only three percent of the world’s population lived in cities. Only one city — Beijing — had a population of over a million. Most people living in rural areas never saw a city in their lives. In 1900, just a hundred years later, roughly 150 million
people lived in cities, and the world9s ten largest cities all had populations exceeding （超过）one million. By 2000, the number
of city dwellers (居住者)exceeded three billion; and in 2008，the world’s population crossed a tipping point — more than half of the people on Earth lived in cities. By 2050, that could increase to over two-thirds. Clearly, humans have become an urban species.
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many people viewed cities negatively ——crowded, dirty environments full of disease and crime. They feared that as cities got bigger, living conditions would worsen. In recent decades, however, attitudes have changed. Many experts now think urbanization ( 城市化) is good news，offering solutions to the problems of Earth’s growing population.
Harvard economist Edward Glaeser, author of The Victory of the City ^ is one such person. Glaeser argues that cities are very productive because “the absence of space between people ” reduces the cost of transporting goods and ideas. While the flow of goods has always been important to cities, what is most important today is the flow of ideas. Successful cities enable people to learn from each other easily, and attract and reward smart people with higher wages.
Another urbanization supporter is environmentalist Stewart Brand. Brand believes cities help the environment because they allow half of the world’s population to live on about four percent of the land. This leaves more space for open country, such as farmland. City dwellers also have less impact per person on the environment than people in the countryside. Their roads, sewers (污水管)，and power lines need fewer resources to build and operate. City apartments require less energy to heat, cool, and light. Most importantly, people in cities drive less so they produce fewer greenhouse gases per person.
So it’s a mistake to see urbanization as evil; it’s a natural part of development. The challenge is how to manage the growth.
1.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?
A.The history of modem cities.
B. Changes taking place within cities.
C. How cities have grown over time.
D. Why modem cities are changing.
2.How have experts’ attitudes towards cities changed in recent decades?
A.They now view the weaknesses as strengths.
B.They no longer see city-living as attractive.
C.They accept city life in spite of its problems.
D.They think city-living provides more benefits.
3.Which of the following would Edward Glaeser agree with?
A.Cities provide more economic opportunities.
B.City people get along better with each other.
C.Over-crowded cities result in energy problems.
D.Cities will most likely limit the flow of ideas,
4.According to Paragraph 4, what would be the result of moving people out of cities?
A.Economic production would be reduced.
B. There would be less farmland available.
C. People would travel less frequently.
D. House values would fall greatly.
语篇7
Below is a page adapted from The Study Skills Handbook.
The starting place for most research is the library. Join your school library as soon as possible and make the most of it.
Library services
Find out about the range of services available. Typically, there will be:
◇academic journals
◇specialist collections
◇photocopiers
◇laminators
◇binding facilities
◇computers
◇CDs, DVDs, films, tapes, slides, and video resources
◇silent areas and study rooms
◇specialist resources for students with disabilities
◇facilities for making audiovisual aids for your presentations
◇support on how to use library facilities.
Finding books in the library
◇Fiction is arranged in alphabetical order (a-z) by author’s surnames.
◇Reference books are arranged by subject. Each subject is given a number, which is shown on the spine of the book.
◇All the books on a given subject are grouped together on the shelves.
◇You can find a book’s reference number by looking it up in the library catalogue (目录).
◇Most catalogues are now electronic. For more about electronic searches, see pages 148-52.
It helps to find books if you already know:
◇the author’s surname and initials
◇the title of the book.
Journals or periodicals
Journals or periodicals usually contain the latest research for your subject, as well as book reviews. Most journal articles have a short “abstract” at the beginning which tells you what the articles are about. Browsing through the abstracts and reviews helps to keep you up to date with the subject. You will be expected to refer to articles in most assignments.
Journals are published at regular intervals during the year. They are collected into numbered volumes, usually one for each year. To find a journal article you need to know:
◇the title of the journal, the year it was published and its volume number
◇the name and initials of the article’s author
◇the title of the article.。