八年级下英语外研版全部知识点总复习

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外研版八年级英语下册短语知识点集
MODULE1
五种简单句歌决英语简单句,五种结构型,缩简句子后,结构自分明,表主语状态,即为主系表,主谓关与主谓宾,二者需分清,动作对象人和物,则是间宾加直宾,二宾位置可互换,介词to ,for 记心间,句子已有主谓宾,宾语再补方完整,宾语加上补足语,二者构成复合宾。

1、主语+不及物动
词(SV)不及物动词,不能带宾语,但有些要接状语意义才完整。

2 、主语+系动词+表语(SVP)
系动词:be ,look,
seem ,become, feel ,
get ,turn ,grow,
smell ,taste , keep, sound 3 、主语+及物动词+宾语(SVO)
4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
(SVOO)直接宾语在前,加for 或to 连接间接宾语。

give, show , send,
bring , pass,
lend ,leave ,hand , feel,
return,
promise ,refuse, throw 用to. make ,buy ,do ,g
et ,play ,order, sing, pay 用for .
5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)
6、there be 句型。

tidy up 收拾,fan 扇,fan oneself , 给某人自己扇风,
fan the flame 煽动情绪,a
movie fan , 影迷,un 反义
前缀,tidy-untidy,
happy-unhappy ,
comfortable-uncomfo
rtable at
least 至少,祈使句,肯定以
动词原形开头,反问用will
you ?/won't you? ,否定
用Don't +动词原形,反问
用will you ?,Let' s …用
shall we? take up 占据,代
词放中间take
away拿走, take sth. back,
收回
某物take … .to … 把…带
到… .
take off 脱下,起飞take
place 发生, take a rest 休
息一下, a bit ,a little , 作
状语形/ 副时可互换a bit of
=a little, 有点儿,修饰不可数
名词
on time 按时, in time 及时,
from time to time 有时, a
long time 很长时间, for the
first time 首次,
have a good time , 玩得高

be/get /become
interested in 主语是人,某
人对某事产生兴趣指人的不
定代词:
somebody/someone,
everybody /everyone ,
anybody/anyone,
nobody/no one 指物的不定
代词,anything,
something, everything,
nothing play the violin ; ,
play +the+ 乐器,play+
球,世上独一无二的加the 前
面出现过词的再次出现时用
the make+宾语+宾语补足
语(使.. 处于某种状态, 地
位)make sb. do sth. 使某
人做某事,make sb/sth
+ 形使某人/ 某物… 后接动
词不定式作宾语,不要to 的
有,一感feel ,二听hear,
listen to ,三让have, let,
make ,四看see, look
at ,watch ,notice ,半帮助
help ,makesb. sth=make
sth for sb. 为某人做某事,
makemoney赚钱,make a
living 谋生,make trouble
引起麻烦,makefriends
with sb. 与某人交朋友,
makewar 开战,make a
fire 生火,make a face 做
鬼脸,make ..from 用.. 制
成(用被动)be made of 用..
制成(用被动)make fun of
取笑,与…开玩笑,make
room for 为…让地方,
make up 编造,make up
one's mind 决心,拿定主意,
现在完成时:表过去发生或
已经完成的某一动作,对现
在造成的影响和结果,或持
续到现在的动作。

常用词语
already, yet ,ever ,never,
just ,before, for + some
time ,since ,at the end of
在…尽头,在…末尾,(时
间,位置)by the end of
=not later than by the end
of 到…末为止,+ 过去时间,
用于过去完成时by the end
of+ 现在时间,用于现在完
成时,in the end =at last
=finally, 最后end (动词)
up with 以…结束, come to
an end 告终,结束, begin
with 以…开头, sth happen
to sb 某事发生在某人身上happen to do sth. 碰巧发生某事take place 发生,预料中发生的事, happen 是偶然发生的,be famous for 因.. 而出名,(外界客观) be famous as 作为… . 而出名,(本身身份) be good for 对…有益be good at 擅长, a collection of … . 的收藏,
have/ take an interest in 对某事感兴趣,
give an interview, 会面,做访谈as a result 结果, as a result of 由于,因为, also 也,肯定句中,too 也,肯定/疑问句,句末,(逗号),either 也,否定,句末,逗号, as well 也,肯定,句末, be sure 确信,相信,in life 一生中, all one's life 一生,终身
buy sb .sth=buy sth for sb
think about 考虑,思考,想起,
think of 想起
think over 思考look
after=take care of =care for, 照顾look over, 检查,查
看, look for 寻找, look up 查找/向上看, be popular with, 受… 的欢迎when , while, as 的用法:when 可引用可延续性和非延续性,主从句的动词是非延续性,只用
when
while 引用可延续性,主从句的动词是可延续性,只用while as 常用于同时发生的be useful to/for 对… . 有用, be useful in (for )doing sth, 有
助于useful 反义词
useless , 比较级前加more ,
最高级前加most ,
develop , 名词
development ,devel
oping 发展中.developed
发达的,
success 名
词,succeed 动词,
successful 形容
词,successfully 副词,
failure 失败
some…others 没有范围的
“ 一些… 另一些”,但不
是全体,
some …the others 某一范
围的“一些… . 其他”的,
表全体,
one … .another 不定数目
中的“一个…另一个”
one … .the other 两者中的
“一个…另一个” spend:
sb. spend (s) some
moneyon sth.
sb. spend(s)
some time on sth.
sb. spend(s)
some money (in) buying
sth.
sb. spend(s)
sometime (in) doing sth.
pay: sb. pay(s)
some money for sth.
cost: sth cost sb.
some money
take : It takes sb. some
time to do sth
It takes
sb .some money to buy
sth .
It ' s +adj.+ for sb. +to do
sth . 外界原因,
It ' s +adj. + of sb. +to do
sth . 人的品质,
remember/forget to do sth.
想起/忘记要做某事,
remember/forget
doing sth. 想起/忘记做过
某事。

in the way 以这种方式,
long ago 很久以前,
start ,begin 当用于进行时,
后用to +V原,主语是物时,
后用+to V原,
such as像…,例如,for
example 句首,句中,用逗号
隔开,缩写e.g , as well as
连接两相同的内容,
comeout出版,开放,出现,
probably 句中,不用于
句未,不用于句首,maybe
可能性很小,口
语,句首
perhaps或许句首,句中
what do you thi nk of =how
do you like show sb .sth
=show
sth to sb.
try to do sth 努力做某事,
try doing sth. 尝试做某

try/do one' s best (to do
sth) 尽某人的最大努力
(做某事),
try out 试验,try on 试穿a
piece of music 一首乐曲, 动
词后只跟V-ing 的有:
finish ,practice ,m
ind ,feel
like ,miss ,keep, pard on,
excuse ,suggest
con sider, give
up ,can ' t help, 主语是人n
eed to do sth需要做某
事,,主语是物n eed
doing 需要被做某事,dress
sb给某人穿衣, dress on
eself 自
己穿衣
be/get dressed
in二 dress in + 衣服或
颜色, find out查明,就近原则:not only …but also , 不仅.而且
either …or ..
不是…就是,或
者.. 或者
neither …nor 既
不…也不…,
there be 动词以最
近的主
语为标准MODULE 2
宾语从句是在动词、介词、动词不定式等后的从句。

引导词展示关:
1. 宾语从句是陈述句时,常用that引导,that可以省略;
2. 特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时,由原来的连接代词、副词引导;
3. 一般疑问句改成的,用连词if 或whether引导,两者都有是否的意思,通常可以替换。

不能省略。

语序应用陈述语序:主语在前,谓语动词在后,(带有宾语从句的复合句的标点符号,取决于主句的句式,与从句无关。

主是陈述句,用句号,主是疑问句,用问号)时态照应:1.主句是祈使句或主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时,从句不受影响,根据从句自身的情况选用时态。

2. 主句是过去时,从句也一定用过去的某种时态(一般过去时、过去进行时等)
3. 从句是客观真理、客观自然现象等,任何时候都用一
般现在时。

(以Could you tell
me ....?/ would you tell
me ...? 开头的不
能用过去时态。

)否定转移:
当主句的谓语动词是think ,
believe ,guess ,suppose
等时,主句的主语是又是第
一人称,人句表示的否定
意义转移到主句,(反问句
遵循主是我人用他,主是他
就用他。

)转换“变脸”关:
一些动词:tell,
know,ask,show,teach ,fin
d(out),forget 都可接连
接(副)词+不定式(连接
副词why 除外)也就是疑问
词+动词不定式(to )举
行会议hold a meeting ;
(不挂断)等一下hold the
line ,hold on ,if 当“是否”
讲时引导的是宾语从句,该
用将来时就用将来时。

E.g I don't care
if it will rain.
if 当“如果” 讲时引导的是
条件状语从句。

主句是一般
将来时,从句用一般现在时。

I will have a picnic if it
doesn' t rain
tomorrow.
接近于close to , 停止,关
闭close down hear
of/about 听说;hear from
sb, 收到某人的来信;hear,
see, watch, notich,后跟V-
原,表示发生了,后跟V-ing
表示正在发生。

In 加一段时间,常用用将来
时will ,用how soon 提问。

be different from
与... 不同;be excited
about 对.............
感到兴奋/ 激动;为什么不
做某事呢,做怎么
样?Why
don't you do that?=why
not do that?
提建议:Let's do sth! Shall
we/I do sth? What (how)
about doing sth?
sometime 过去或将来某个
时候,用于过去时或将来时;
sometime 一段时间表,
some times 几次, 几倍,
sometimes 有时常用于
一般现在时/ 一般过去时。

alone 强调单独的个体,
多作表语。

lonely 表示
感情上的孤独。

laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人,
laugh oneself to death 笑
得要死;worry about sb/sth.
担心某人/ 某事;be
worried
about=worry about 担心
的,忧虑的;as usual 照常,
像平常一样;than usual 较
平常................
a unusual man 一个不寻常
的人,pass by 过去(人)
从旁而过pass on (to)继
续前进,传递;
touch sb to the heart. 触动
某人的心弦,be in touch
with 与...
接触;keep in touch with 与
.......... 保持联系;
get in (into) touch with 与
.......... 取得联系;
lose touch with 与 ....
失去联系,touch off 触发,
激起。

It doesn't matter. 不要紧;
the
matter 麻烦事;no matter
how(what,
when ,where...)不管怎
样(什么,哪里,何时.. )How many 多少,用于可数名词数量提问,后跟名词复数;
howmuch多少,用于不可数名词数量或价格提问,how old 多大,对年龄进行提问;how long 多长,多久,对一段时间和物体长度进行提问, h ow tall 多高,对有生命事物高度提问,多指人和树;
how often 多久,对事物的频率进行提问,如对这些提问often, usually, sometimes, never, always, three times a day, twice a week, once a month 等how soon 多快,对将来时的时间状语in+ 一段时间提问how far 多远,对距离进行提问。

how high 多高,对无生命事物高度提问,多用于山、建筑物等;
be afraid of doing
sth. 担心, 害怕发生某
种后果;
be afraid to do
sth
be afraid that 从句makefriends with sb.
和某人交朋友, a piece of advice 一条
建议
a piece of information 一条信息;
a piece of news 一条
新闻
want to do sth=would like to do sth= feel like doing sth. 想要做某事。

not...any more=no more 不再,表示次数上或程度上不再,
not ...any longer=no longer 不再,表示时间上不再延续。

电话常语:Is that
sb.(speaking)?
This is sb (speaking)
Sb
on one 's own 某人自己/ 独自=by oneself=alone no one 一般不与of 连用,动词用单数,指人,但不具体指,常用来回答
who/anyone/anybody 引导的疑问句。

none 与of 连用,动词可用单/ 复数,具体指什么人或物,用来回答how many+n./how much
+n./any +n. 引导的疑问句。

nothing 指物,不用于人,动词用单数,回答anything 引导的疑问句。

talk to /with sb. 某人交谈,about sth.with sb. 某人谈论某事at the moment; 此时此刻
make sb do sth. 使某人做
某事
take a messagefor sb, 为
某人捎信,leave a
message for sb. 为某人留
口信。

whether or not 是
否welcome to ...... 欢迎
来.
in fact 事实上,a couple of
几个,两个。

be different
from 与... 不同,be the
same as . 与... 一样a pair
of 一双,一对,是不能分开
的,缺一不可,
a couple of , 是同一类事物
中相关的两个。

Good luck with .........
祝.. 顺利。

Good
luck to sb. 表示祝
某人幸运;early
autumn 初秋,late
autumn 晚秋,junior high
school 初级中学,far away
遥远的,(be) far away
from=(be)
problem with you ? believe
in sb. 信任某人at
first 起初;first of all 首先,
第——; so….that 女口
此….以至于…;too…to…
太…而不能… take pride in
以…自豪in public 公开地,
当众;at that time=at that
moment 在那时day by day
一天天地turn back 转身
smile at 对…微笑,laugh at
sb 嘲笑某人play jokes on
sb. 开某人的玩笑tell jokes
讲笑话if 与whether的用法:
在ask, know, wonder 等
动词后引导一个宾语从句时,
可以互换。

1、引导主语从句、表语从
句或同位语从句时,只能用
whether
2、如果其后接动词不定式,
则只能用whether
I can ' t make up my mi nd
whether to go or n ot .
3、用于介词之后时,只能
用whether
4、与or not 连接时,只用
whether而不用if .
5、if可引导条件状语从句,
意为“如果”,
6、even if 禾口as if 中
的if 不能换成whether
MODULE 3
动词不定式与动词的ing形
式作宾语
1、常见的跟不定式作
宾语的动词。

一些动词后面
常跟不定式作宾语,女口
want ,agree, decide 等。


诀:要想拒绝忘记want ,
refuse ,forget 需要努力学

n eed , try , lear n 喜欢同
意帮助
like, agree, hel[
希望决定开始
hope ,wish ,decide, beg
in ,start
2、常见的跟动词的ing 形式
作宾语的动词。

这些词主要
有:fin ish,
enjoy, ,practice 等。

完成练
习值得忙fini sh, practice,
be worth , be busy,
继续习惯别放弃keep
on ,be used to ,give up
考虑建议不禁想con sider,
用来
,what

talk

speaking/Speaking. give/take far from 离.... 远May I speak to sb? /follow/ask for a so far 到现在为止,与Hold on ,please. piece of advice. 现在完成时连用;
Can I take a meesage, Would you like sth? turn back 往回please? Yes ,please/No ,tha 走;
Who is that ?/Who is nks. without a word calling? Would you like to do get in touch with expect to do sth, ...
so much like/love to. keep in touch with , have fun doing sth
on one's way to call change one s life ... by the back 改变某人的生活
way call sb. back what s the matter
in one's way , hold the with you?=what s in a(one) way line wrong with 度上,在某点上right now ,at you?=what s the one's own once, right away trouble with , just now. you?=What s the
suggest, can' t help, feel like,
喜欢思念要介意enjoy, miss, mind
3、有的动词既可以跟动词不定式,也可以跟动词的ing 形式作宾语,但意义差别很大。

(1) forget to do sth.
/forget doing sth. forget doing 忘了做过某事forget to do sth忘记要做某事(2) remember to do sth.记着要做某事rememberdoing 记着做过某事
(3) stop to do sth.
停下去做另一件事亠
stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事/不做某事everybody /every one 每个人,动词用第三人称单数,用于否定句中表示部分否定。

thank sb.for
sth(do ing sth)
=thanks for/thank
you for sth(do ing sth) -••为…而向某人表
示感谢,后加v-ing ; take sb .aro un d=show sb. around 带领某人参观,look out (for) 当心;小心,look at 看, look like 看起来,
look for 寻找, look after 照顾, look up查找,向上看, look out of 向…夕卜面看,look forward to 盼望,期待,look over检查,, Don' t men ti on it 不客气,lt ' s my pleasure. That' s all right ./You ' re welcome. /Not at all. 用于回复别人的感谢。

keep (on) doing sth.
反复做某事
keep …(from) doing sth.阻止/防止…做某事,

离开,,
keep
back 阻止,留在后面keep…in mi nd 把…记在心里help sb. do sth 帮助某人做某事,help sb. with sth . 在某方面帮助某人can't help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事agree on 愿意; 答应, 认同each other 两者之间的“彼
此,互相” one another 三
者或三者以上之间“相互;
彼此。


look down 向下看, look
down upon 藐视,看不起,
look up to 尊重;尊敬, in
radio 在播音方面,
act - actor
visit —visitorcolle ct
—collector invent
—inventor operate -
operator con duct - con
ductor
售票员/ 列车乘务员in front
of 在… . 前,在事物外部的
前面, in the front of 在事物
内部的前面sound like 听起
来像… sth. to sb.=lend sb.
sth. 把某物借给某人borrow
sb.sth=borrow sth form sb.
向某人借来某物,借一段时
间用keep. send sb.
sth=send sth. to sb.
/stop/prevent
om) doing sth.
keep away (使)
(使)不接近
…(fr
help oneself/ help Shouldn't you be at introduce sb .to sb. oneself to sth 自用或school? 是一个否定疑把某人介绍给某人
自取某物问句,用于表示惊讶情the lives of …的命report sth .to sb. 把绪,答语和反问回答是运
某事向某人汇报一致的,针对事实作表示建议的句型有:would like/want, 想答。

1、Shall we…?我们…
would like
t do explain sth. to sb. 好吗?2 、Let ' s …
sth.=want to sth. 向某人解释某事。

When 让我们…
would you like =do I was about four or 3、What /how about …
you want Me ,too. 我也是,前句是肯定句。

Me, either. 前句是否定句。

prepare for 为…作准备
watch ,see ,look
at ,notice ,read 的区别:watch, 指仔细观看,看电视、球赛等see 指看望某人,看电影,看医生等。

look at 动作。

notice 注意到;read 指看书;看报。

the end of …的结尾agree with 同意某人,同意某人的看法或观点,
J \、、5
agree to 对…表示同意
years old =at age
of four or 亲自in person for 要… 向

仅表示看这个
指偶尔看到;觉察到five the five.
ask ask sb. for
sth 人要某物
learn from. 向…学习learn
about /of 听说,了解到
learn … by oneself=teach
oneself 自学close down
停止(播音),关闭动词
变表示人的名词时通常加
er ,也有部分单词加or 构
成run —runner play
—player sing —singer win
—winner report —
reporter
manage—manager
怎么样? 4 、Why
don't you/we..=Why
not … ?为什么不?5、
Would you like … .? 你愿
意.. 吗?回答时用I 'd
like/love sorry ,but … .
对于建议肯答
idea./OK/Sure/ right./Why
not?/Great/Yes, I love to
对于建议否定回答:
I >
I ' m sorry afraid … /I
to ,but … .. score a goal
MODULE 4
to .
定回
:Good
All
'd
'm
,I d
love
进一球
play back 回放,turn on
打开,多指打开电器、水
龙头等,turn off 关上、
lend
send away 派出,送出, send up 发射, send for 派人去请, conn ect ….to
/with…把…和…连接
save one's life 挽救某人的生命,pick up 捡起,拾起,bite sb. on the hand 咬某
人的手,a few days earlier 几天前a few days later 几天以后climb out of 从… . 爬出来,take a photo of 给… 拍照怎么啦?:
1. What is wrong with sb./sth.
2.What's
the matter with sb./sth? 3.What's
the trouble with sb./sth?
wait for 等待can 't wait to do sth. 迫不及待地去做某事a text message一条短信息look on sb. as 把某人看作… .
get /be ready to do
sth 准备好做某事,乐意做某事
get /be ready for
sth=prepare for 为…
准备好
receive a postcard 收到一张明信片, on the front of 在前面, 在正面, on the back, 在背面, 在后面what kind of 什么种类,哪种, a kind of 一种, all kinds of 各类各样的kind of 有点儿,相当于a little, a bit , take a
photo=take photos, 拍照look up 仰视,查找(字典) , look sb. up and down, 上下打量看某人look up to 尊敬,仰视, look after 照顾, look down on(upon) 看不起,瞧不起, look forward to
doing sth 盼着做某事,
look through, 浏览send a
message home, 给家里发
信息send sb sth=send sth
to sb., play back 回放, turn
on 开, turn off 关, turn
down 关小,turn up 开大,
comeon 赶快, come from,
来自come
back 回来, come
along , 跟着来come over,
顺便来访come dow n落
下,降落hurt oneself 伤害
某人自己save one 's life
挽救某人的生命bite sb .on
the hand 咬了某人的手
across 强调从一定范围的一
边到另一边,且在物体表面
上沿着某一条线的方向而进
行的动作。

through 表示从某一范围的
一端到另一端,但它表示的
动作是在内部空间进行的,
往往掼穿过沙漠、森林、窗
户等。

over 用作“穿过,通过” 时,
表示到达高的障碍物的另一
侧.
pick up , 捡起a few 一些,
几个,用于名词复数形式肯
定,few 很少,几乎没有,用
于名词复数形式否定a little
有一点,用于不可数名词表
肯定,little 很少,几乎没有
表否定on business , 出差
借入borrow ,借出lend ,
借一段时间keep with和
----------- 起,具有带
有;携带;与…同时,随着;
由于,因为;表示行为方式;
就…来说,关于。

What is the price of
sth?=How much is/are sth.
某物多少钱?be surprised
to do sth 做某事而感到惊
奇,a few days earlier 几天
前,
show….to …..把… 给…看,
suggest to sb 向某人提建
议,Irish 爱尔兰的,Ireland
爱尔兰,
Irishman 爱尔兰男人,
Irishwoman 爱尔兰女人
wait for sb./sth 等待某人/
某物hide sth from sb 把
某事瞒
着某人. take medici nes
服药,be surprised at sth.
对…感到惊奇be surprised
that+ 从句in surprise 惊奇
地, to one' s surprise 令某
人吃惊的是_ leave for sb动
身去某地leave sp 离开某

MODULE5
if引出的条件状语从句的时
态‘
1. 主句用一般将来时,条件
状语从句用一般现在时表将
来;
2. 当主句用祈使句或情态动
词时,从句通常用一般现在
时。

3. 如果主句中的动词是
want,hope 等词,贝卩用一
般现在时。

4. if 引导的条件状语
从句与祈使句的转换主语为
you的条件状语从句可与
“祈使句+and/o叶一般讲来
时简单句”句式互换。

If you work harder, you' II
pass the exam. ---Work
harder ,and you' ll pass
the exam.
If you don' t hurry up ,you
‘II miss the trai n. —
Hurry up ,or you' ll miss the
trai n.
be able to 能,会,(有人称、数和时态的变化)
all together 一起,
at the end of 在…结
束时,take off 卸掉,拿走;起飞;脱下at least 至少after all 毕竟,help sb .with sth 帮助某人做某事,hurry up 赶快,use…for 用….来干,be used to do sth=be used for (do ing) sth 被用来干某事,be used by 被…用,offer to do sth 提供
帮助做某事,be good at =do well in 擅长,
be weak in二do badly in 在…方面弱。

have a chanee to do sth =have a eha nee of doi ng sth.有做某事的机会punish sb for sth 因… 而惩罚某人,one of +名词复数,动词用单数。

…之一,one of the + 形容词最高级+名词复数动词用三单,最….之一花费时间和某人/某物在一起spend some time with
sb/sth. too much太多,后跟不可数名词, much too 太,非常后跟形容词或副词。

be proud of =take pride in 以….自豪send sb .away 把…送走,把…撵走,把…开除,
so是副词,通常修饰形容词,副词,表示“这么多(少)” so
many/much/few/littl e+名
词such是形容词,常修饰名词,
放在a/an之前,all,
no ,one ,few ,sever
al ,some ,any ,many 等词
之后,可以修饰各种名词。

such+a/a n +adj.+ 单数名
词= so +adj.+a/a n
+单数名词
such adj.+不可数名词
/可数名词复数
ask to do sth 要求做某事,
ask sb to sth 要求某人做某
事,ask for 请求,ask for
trouble 自找麻烦
be sure to do sth 一定…,
必须…., be sure of sth
/be sure that 意为确信. be
sure of doing sth. 有把握做
某事offer to do sth 提出做
某事,愿意做某事steal sth
from sb. steal sb .sth.
go to sleep 入睡,睡着,
go to bed上床睡觉, go to
sleep /fall asleep /get to
sleep 入睡,睡着,be asleep
睡得很熟, be fast asleep
睡得很
熟be
sleeping 正在睡觉。

be tired of 厌烦…. 对…感到
厌烦
adj./adv.+e no ugh for sb.
+to do sth 做某事对某人来
说够….。

in stead of 代替,而
不是
in the front of 在..
前面(内部)at the back of .
在….后面be angry at
/about sth.因某事而生气be
angry with /at sb. 禾口
某人生气
be able to do sth 能够,
refuse
to do sth 拒绝,would
rather do sth than do sth.
宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
war n sb. to do sth.
告诫某人做某事
write to sb. 给某人写信
use
sth .to do sth. 用某
物做某事
go wrong ,出毛病,出错
use….for 用…..来做
onto 至U….之上,into 至
U….之内,out of 从…出来
这些词语
常与动态词连用
make a mistake二make
mistakes犯错误,be angry
to do sth .
做某事很生气,be
angry with sb.for doing因
某人做了某事而生气,
first …sec ond 首先… 其
次,感叹句:感叹的中心落
在形容词、副词或整个句子
上,用how引导感叹句。

即:
How形容词/副词+ 主语+谓
语!感叹的中心落在名词上,
用引导感叹句。

即:what+a/a n+ 形容词+
可数名词单数+主语+谓语!
what+形容词+可数
名词复数+主语+谓语!
what+形容词+不可
数名词+主语+谓语!pocket
money 零用钱,after all 不
管怎样,毕竟hurry up 赶
快, in a hurry 匆忙地,
hurry to do sth. 匆忙去做某
事save up积攒,储存,
on one ' s way to 在某人
去某地的路上,
(副词不用to ), be
broken 破了,坏了agree with 后面常接表示人或意见(看法)的名词或代词作宾语feel sorry for 对… 感到抱歉,对…感到遗憾
find …difficult 发现..困难get in to trouble 招惹麻烦,陷入麻烦,the first (one)to do sth. 第一个做某事的人start with =begi n with以…作开始
warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告/提醒某人
(不要)做某事
warn sb. aga inst sth ./doi ng sth. 提醒
/警告某人不要做某事warn sb. of/ about sth.警告某人某事war n sb. that 警告某人…..
MODULE 6
直接引语改为间接引语
引述别人的话有两种方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间接引语一、如何变人称:下面有一句顺口溜
“一从主。

二从宾,三不动”。

“ 一从主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。

从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:She said. "My brother wants to go with me.
"T She said her brother wan ted to go with her. “二从宾”是指直接引语
变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。

或被第二人你所修饰。

从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的
宾语一致。

如果引号外的主
句没有宾语。

也可以用第一
人称,如:
He said to Kate. "How is
your sister now?"^ He
asked Kate how her sister
was then。

“三不动新”是指直接引
语变间接引语时。

如果从句
中的主语及宾语是第三人称
或被第三人称所修饰从句中
的人称一般不需要变化如:
Mr Smith said。

"Jack is a
good worker。

"f Mr Smith
said Jack was a good
worker。

由直接引语变为间
接引语,分以下情况:
1.直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为that引导的宾语
从句(口语中that可以省略),
主句的引述动词主要有
say ,tell, repeat, explai n,
thi nk 等。

He said , "You are youn
ger tha n
1. "- ' He said (that )
I was youn ger tha n him.
2. 直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序:主句
的谓语动词say 改为ask,或
改为
won der, do not know,
want to know, be not sure,
be puzzled 等。

(1) 一般疑问句或反意
疑问句变为if (whether)引导
的宾语从句。

She said, "Do you
ofte n come here to
read n ewspapers?" f
She asked me if (或
whether)I ofte n went
there to read n
ewspapers.
She asked me , "You have
see n the film, haven' t
you?" f She asked me
whether(或if )I had see n
the film.
(2) 选择疑问句变为
whether….or 宾语从句。

I asked him, "Will you stay
at homeor go to a film toni
ght?" f I asked him
whether he would stay at
home or go to a film that n
ight.
(3) 特殊疑问句变为由原来
的疑问词引导的宾语从句。

He asked , "Where do you
live?" f He asked me
where I lived.
3. 直接引语是祈使句时间
接引语为不定式,作ask , tell,
beg, order, warn, advise
等动词的宾语补足语
(don' t 变为not ). The
teacher said to the boy,
"Ope n the window." f The
teacher told the boy to ope
n the win dow. His father
said to him , "Don ' t leave
the door ope n." f His
father told him not to leave
the door ope n.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let
‘s”开头的祈使句,变为间
接引语时,通常用
“ suggest + 动句词(或从
句)。

” 如:
He said, "Let ' s go to the
film." f He suggested
going to the film.或He
suggested that they
should go to see the film.
[注意]
(1) 有些表
示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用
suggest ,in sist 等动
词加以转述。

例如:He said, "Let ' s go to the theatre."
f He suggested (our )go in
g to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.
(2) "Would you mi nd ope ning the win dow?" he asked.
f He asked meto open the win dow.
"Why don' t you take a walk after supper?" he asked .
f he advised me to take a walk after supper.
"Shall we listen to the music?" he asked. f He suggested listening to the music.
4. 直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语为what或how引导,也可以用that引导。

She said, "What a lovely day it is —She said what a lovely day it was . 或She said that it was a lovely day.
5. 如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。

如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化:
直接引语—一般现在时现在进行时

一般将来时—
现在完成时一般过去时

过去完成时________ [注意]
(1) 如果直接引语是表
示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。

如:
The teacher said "The earth goes round the sun." —The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
(2) 如果直接引语中有
明确表示过去时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去完成时。

如:He said to me, "I was born in 1973." —He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3) 如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。

如:He said, "I ' m a boy, not a
girl."
—He said that he is a
boy ,not a girl.
(4) 如果直接引语中的谓语
动词表示一种反复出现或习
惯动作,在变为间接引时,
一般现在时不改为一般过去
时。

如:
The 萌接引ad, "I get u P ^
一般过去时mor过去进行时
—T he去将来时廿完w 符上
完成引语中含有s过去完成
时en, while
引导的表示过去时间的状语
从句,在变为间接引语时,
只改变主句中的谓语动词,
从句的一般过去时则不变。

如:
He said to me, "I have
taught En glish since he
came here ."
—He told
me that
he had
taught En glish
since he came here.
(6)如果直接引语中含有情态
动词must, need, had
better 以及情态动词的过去
式could, might, should,
would,在变为间接引语时,
这些情态动词没有时态的改
变。

例如:
The teacher said to me .
"You must pay more atte
nti on to your pronun ciatio
n." —The teacher told me
that I must (have to ) pay
more atte nti on to my
pronun ciati on.
He said , "I could swim
whe n I was on ly six ."
—He said that he could
swim whe n he was on ly
six.
that
ix
she

eve r
(5)。

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