众筹商业模式外文文献翻译最新译文字数3000多字

众筹商业模式外文文献翻译最新译文字数
3000多字
The concept of crowdfunding has gained significant n in recent years as a new business model for raising funds。

This paper explores the origin and general history of development of crowdfunding。

The model involves a trinity of the raise of the people。

intermediary agencies。

and investors。

The structure and process of the model are analyzed from a logical point of view。

based on the value discovery。

value matching。

and value for three levels。

The theoretical analysis of the business model highlights its potential to promote entrepreneurship and n。

However。

as a new business model。

crowdfunding is still in its infancy and requires further n and n。

Legal risks also exist in the process of practice and must be carefully studied and guarded against.
Keywords: Crowd funding。

Business model。

Value logic
2 Background and history of crowdfunding
Crowdfunding has its roots in the concept of crowdsourcing。

which involves the use of the collective intelligence of a large group of people to solve problems or complete tasks。

Crowdfunding takes this concept a step further by using the collective financial resources of a large group of people to fund a project or venture。

The first known crowdfunding campaign was launched in 1997 by a British rock band seeking to fund their n tour。

Since then。

crowdfunding has grown into a global phenomenon。

with platforms such as Kickstarter and Indiegogo leading the way.
3 The trinity of crowdfunding
Crowdfunding involves a trinity of the raise of the people。

intermediary agencies。

and investors。

The raise of the people refers to the individuals or ns seeking funding for their project or venture。

Intermediary agencies are the platforms that facilitate the crowdfunding process。

connecting the raise of the people with
potential investors。

Investors are the individuals or ns that provide financial support to the raise of the people.
4 The value logic of crowdfunding
Crowdfunding operates on a value logic that involves three levels: value discovery。

value matching。

and value for。

Value discovery refers to the process of identifying the needs and preferences of potential investors。

Value matching involves matching the needs and preferences of investors with the projects or ventures seeking funding。

Value for involves creating value for both the raise of the people and the investors.
5 The advantages of crowdfunding
Crowdfunding offers several advantages over nal funding methods。

including access to a larger pool of potential investors。

increased transparency and accountability。

and the potential for greater social impact。

Crowdfunding also promotes
entrepreneurship and n by providing funding for projects and ventures that may not have access to nal funding sources.
In n。

crowdfunding is a promising new business model for raising funds。

However。

it is still in its infancy and requires further n and n。

Legal risks also exist in the process of practice and must be carefully studied and guarded against。

The value logic of crowdfunding highlights its potential to promote entrepreneurship and n。

and the advantages it offers over nal funding methods make it an attractive n for those seeking funding for their projects and ventures.
The business model known as crowdfunding is a way for small businesses or creative projects to raise funds through an intermediary platform。

The platform allows project sponsors to establish their own page and introduce their project to potential investors。

Investors can then provide microfinance or other forms of support to the project。

The funds are not immediately given to the project sponsor。

but are held by the platform until the target funding goal is reached。

If the goal is met。

the funds are transferred to the project sponsor and the project is implemented。

The platform monitors the use of funds and takes a percentage of the service fee as e。

If the target funding goal is not reached
within the specified time d。

the funds are returned to the investors and the project sponsor must start a new round of financing or
abort the project.
The raise business model is in line with the fundamental logic of enterprise value n。

which involves finding value through financing and matching investor demand with n from business partners。

and acquiring value through financing to generate profit。

However。

the current practice of this model is still in its early stages。

and there is a lack of research in both domestic and
foreign academic circles。

Therefore。

a systematic approach to studying this model can aid in understanding its development and trends。

as well as provide a research perspective and methodology to further promote n and practical n in the corporate world.
The raise business model has its origins in the nal financing model。

which focused on providing funding for businesses。

However。

with the rise of the。

and digital technology。

the
model has evolved to include a wider range of financing methods。

such as crowdfunding and peer-to-peer lending。

This has led to the emergence of new business models that are more flexible and efficient in meeting the diverse financing needs of businesses.
As the raise business model continues to develop。

it is important to consider its potential impact on the nal business model。

While the nal model is still relevant。

the raise model offers a more collaborative and inclusive approach to financing and value n。

This can lead to increased n and n in the business world。

as well as greater opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises to access funding and resources.
In n。

the raise business model represents a significant shift in the way businesses approach financing and value n。

By promoting n and n。

this model has the potential to transform the business landscape and provide new opportunities for growth and success。

It is therefore essential to continue studying and developing this model to fully realize its potential and benefits for the corporate world.
The prototype of fundraising dates back to the 18th century when many literary works relied on a method called "order" or n。

This approach was also used by renowned composers such as Mozart and Beethoven to raise funds。

They would approach subscribers who would provide them with the necessary funds。

Once the work was complete。

subscribers would receive a book with their name。

a copy of the concerto score。

or even an opportunity to be the first listeners at a concert。

This approach was similar to church ns and fundraising campaigns。

but it lacked a complete system and did not conform to the characteristics of a business model.
To improve the readability of the passage。

the sentences can be rephrased as follows:
Fundraising has been around since the 18th century when literary works relied on a n method known as "order." Famous composers like Mozart and Beethoven also used this approach to raise money。

They approached subscribers who provided them with funds and received a book with their name。

a copy of the
concerto score。

or even an opportunity to be the first listeners at a concert once the work was complete。

Although similar to church ns and fundraising campaigns。

this approach lacked a complete system and did not conform to the characteristics of a business model.
The crowdfunding model originated in the United States over a decade ago and has since gained popularity in Europe and other ns。

In 2012.a global survey revealed that the annual amount of funding raised through crowdfunding platforms was $2.8 n。

a significant increase from the $700 n raised in 2011.The number of crowdfunding platforms worldwide has also grown from fewer than 100 in 2007 to over 700 by the end of 2012.Forbes predicts that the total amount of funding raised through crowdfunding will reach $6 n in 2013 and the number of platforms will increase to 1500.In the future。

crowdfunding is expected to e the primary method of project financing.
The most representative raised platform in Europe and America is Kickstarter。

which was established in April 2009.As of 2012.the platform has released 27,086 projects。

out of which 11,836 were successful。

raising a total of $99,344,382.The
number of people participating in the toll to support these projects has exceeded 3 n。

and the platform's annual revenue in 2012 was over $5 n。

For enterprises in the start-up stage。

the data proves that this is a positive and promoting business model.
Since 2011.similar raised platforms to Kickstarter have emerged。

Currently。

there are more than 10 platforms with different ns and characteristics。

such as building blocks。

JUE。

and SO。

These platforms were launched in May 2011.By the end of 2011.57 projects had raised funds。

ranging from thousands to hundreds of thousands of yuan。

and received $500,000 in angel investment from Taiwan.
At present。

the main focus of the cultural creativity industry is on financing through business platforms。

Kickstarter。

America's first major platform for raising funds。

is primarily used for projects related to music。

movies。

and cartoons。

According to statistics。

almost 30% of successful Kickstarter projects in 2012 belonged to the music category。

In the domestic market。

successful projects on websites like "rollcall" were dominated by design (94)。

followed by film and n (32)。

music (18)。

and
technology (13)。

Overall。

60%-70% of projects on these platforms fall under the cultural creativity industry category.
The business model for raising funds is crucial for the success of cultural creativity projects。

It involves creating a platform where artists。

designers。

and other creative individuals can showcase their work and attract investors。

The platform should be user-friendly。

with clear guidelines and ns for both creators and investors。

nally。

the platform should provide adequate support to ensure that projects are completed successfully.
One of the challenges in the cultural creativity industry is the lack of financial support for emerging artists and designers。

Many talented individuals struggle to find funding for their projects。

which limits their ability to bring their ideas to life。

Business platforms like Kickstarter and "rollcall" provide a much-needed n to this problem。

They allow creators to connect with investors who are interested in supporting their work.
In n。

the cultural creativity industry is heavily reliant on business platforms for raising funds。

Kickstarter and "rollcall" are two examples of successful platforms that have helped many artists and designers bring their projects to life。

The success of these platforms is due to their user-friendly interfaces。

clear guidelines。

and adequate support for creators。

With the continued growth of the industry。

it is likely that we will see more innovative business models emerge in the future.
The rise of fundraising through P2P platforms can be seen as
a form of Web3.0.This approach allows for a variety of fundraising methods to be supported by the social ork and the general public。

The Raise business model consists of three organic components:
the project sponsor。

the public (investor)。

and intermediary ns (the platform).
3.1 Project Sponsors
Project sponsors are the driving force behind fundraising efforts。

They are responsible for creating and promoting their projects to potential investors。

By utilizing P2P platforms。

project sponsors can reach a wider audience and secure funding more easily。

This approach also allows for greater transparency and accountability in the fundraising process.
3.2 The Public (Investor)
The public。

or investors。

are crucial to the success of fundraising efforts。

They provide the necessary funding for projects to be completed。

P2P platforms allow investors to easily discover and invest in projects that align with their interests and values。

This approach also provides investors with greater control over their investments and the ability to track the progress of projects they have invested in.
3.3 Intermediary ns (The Platform)
Intermediary ns。

such as P2P platforms。

play a vital role in the fundraising process。

They provide a secure and reliable platform for project sponsors and investors to connect and conduct ns。

These platforms also offer valuable services such as project n。

risk assessment。

and dispute n。

By utilizing intermediary ns。

the fundraising process es more efficient and orthy for all parties involved.
The goal of a project should be clear and specific。

with a predetermined n time for public welfare activities such as creating albums。

publishing books。

or developing electronic products。

The project should not involve stock。

bonds。

dividends。

interest。

or any other form of ary return。

The project sponsor must meet certain requirements。

such as nality。

age。

bank account。

ns。

and formal n records。

with complete autonomy over the project and no external control。

The project sponsor should sign a contract with the agency (the fundraising platform) to clearly define the rights and responsibilities of both parties.
The project sponsor typically seeks funding to solve financial problems for small micro-enterprises or to enhance n and user experience for individual companies。

At the same time。

they aim to achieve financing goals and strengthen the fundraising pattern through market research。

product pre-sales。

and nal activities。

The public is called upon to participate as project sponsors
(potential customers) in product research and development。

manufacturing。

and n to gain better market response.
Intermediaries。

also known as raised platforms。

play an important role in the crowdfunding process。

These platforms provide a space for project creators to showcase their ideas and connect with potential investors。

They also handle the financial ns and ensure that the project meets its funding goal before releasing the funds to the creator.
Some popular examples of crowdfunding platforms include Kickstarter。

Indiegogo。

and GoFundMe。

These platforms have e increasingly popular in recent years。

with a growing number of projects successfully funded through them.
However。

it is important to note that these platforms often charge a fee for their services。

which can range from a percentage of the funds raised to a flat fee。

This can impact the amount of money that the project creator ultimately receives.
Despite this。

the use of intermediaries has greatly simplified the crowdfunding process and made it more accessible to a wider range of individuals and projects。

It has also allowed for greater transparency and accountability in the funding process。

as investors can easily track the progress of the project and hold the creator accountable for delivering on their promises.
Overall。

intermediaries have played a crucial role in the growth and success of crowdfunding as a viable alternative to nal funding methods.
Intermediaries play a crucial role in the crowdfunding process。

They act as builders of the raised platform and serve as project sponsors。

supervisors。

mentors。

and guardians of investors' interests。

The intermediary ns。

or the platform。

have multiple identities that determine their complex ns and significant responsibilities.
To effectively carry out their role。

the raised platform must have ork technical support and comply with relevant laws and ns。

The intermediary ns use virtual work to gather project sponsor
ideas and financing needs n in virtual space。

This process is a prerequisite for detailed online name audit before the project is implemented。

It ensures the integrity。

executability。

and value
of all research content and prevents any n of program rules and requirements.
Once the project is successfully financed。

the raised platform supervises。

coaches。

and controls the project to ensure smooth n。

If the project fails to deliver。

the raised platform has a responsibility and n to supervise the project sponsor and refund the investor.
Legal risks are inherent in the crowdfunding business model。

and n measures must be taken。

These measures include complying with relevant laws and ns。

conducting due diligence on project sponsors。

and establishing effective risk management systems。

By taking these steps。

intermediaries can minimize
legal risks and ensure the sustainability of the crowdfunding industry.
The emergence of a brand-new business model has made it easier for startups to secure funding。

However。

this has also led to a lack of investment risk forecast for public investors due to plete n about the project。

As a result。

the investment risk has increased。

To ensure success。

project sponsors need to showcase their projects on the。

However。

the openness and real-time nature of the。

make it easy for imitators to quickly copy and mass-produce popular projects。

leaving project sponsors with little n of their intellectual property rights。

Therefore。

it is important to study and prevent legal risks associated with this business model.
To avoid and guard against legal risks。

the author suggests taking three steps。

The first step is to suggest risks and disclose n about the project。

This will help investors make informed ns and ce the risk of legal disputes。

It is important to provide as much n as possible about the project。

including its risks and potential benefits.
4.2 Strengthen the n of intellectual property rights
The second step is to strengthen the n of intellectual property rights。

Project sponsors should take measures to protect their intellectual property rights。

such as applying for patents。

trademarks。

and copyrights。

This will help prevent imitators from profiting from their ideas and ns.
4.3 Establish a sound legal system
The third step is to establish a sound legal system。

This includes creating laws and ns that protect the interests of project sponsors and investors。

It is important to establish clear guidelines and res for resolving legal disputes and protecting intellectual property rights。

This will help create a stable and predictable business environment for startups and investors.
In n。

while the new business model has made it easier for startups to secure funding。

it has also increased the risk of legal disputes。

To avoid and guard against legal risks。

it is important to suggest risks and disclose n。

strengthen the n of intellectual
property rights。

and establish a sound legal system。

By taking these steps。

we can create a stable and predictable business environment for startups and investors.
The platform must provide a detailed nal re and project standards on its website。

particularly in a prominent n for the public (investors)。

This will help identify potential legal risks。

clarify the legal responsibilities and ns of the parties involved。

and establish dispute n methods.
Ensuring the safety of funds is a crucial aspect of the platform's ns。

Proper management of funds is not only necessary to guard against legal risks。

but also to maintain order in the project。

The platform should strictly manage all ary ns。

including fundraising。

service fees。

project sponsor payments。

and advance funding from the public。

Self-discipline and external n mechanisms should also be introduced。

if necessary.
It is important for the platform to actively communicate with the government and work towards perfecting legal ns。

This will
help ensure that the platform operates within the legal framework and maintains transparency in its ns.
众筹商业模式是一种涉及数十万人的投资活动，属于相对松散的合伙关系，争议的概率非常高，通过网络建立信任基础的可能性很小。

一旦出现资金使用或利润分配问题，矛盾很容易爆发。

这要求众筹平台需要积极与政府相关部门沟通，获得相应的政策指导、法律、监管或项目备案，并解决法律风险中的模糊区域。

2众筹商业模式分析
本文从价值逻辑角度对众筹商业模式进行了理论分析，分析了众筹的概念、起源和发展基本状况，并对众筹商业模式中的筹资人、中介机构和出资人三位一体的结构与流程进行了分析。

总结出众筹商业模式的优势在于促进微创业和激励创新。

3众筹商业模式的优势
众筹商业模式的优势在于促进微创业和激励创新。

众筹平台为创业者提供了一个相对容易获取资金的途径，同时也为投
资者提供了一个投资新兴项目的机会。

这种商业模式可以帮助创业者在初期阶段获得资金支持，从而推动创业项目的发展。

4众筹商业模式的风险
作为全新的商业模式，众筹模式尚处在起步阶段，需要探索和完善。

在实践过程中，存在一定的法律风险。

因此，我们需要认真研究并防范这些风险，以确保众筹商业模式的健康发展。

众筹商业模式是一种变体的众包商业模式，旨在为创意者或小微企业等项目发起人提供筹资平台。

这些筹资人通过中介结构（众筹平台）身份审核后，在众筹平台的网站上建立属于自己的页面，用来向公众介绍项目情况，并向公众募集小额资金或寻求其他物质支持。

众筹平台则通过接受和审核筹资创意、整理出资人信息、监督所筹资金的使用、辅导项目运营并公开项目实施成果等价值活动，从所筹资金中抽取一定比例的服务费用作为收益。

众筹商业模式符合企业价值创造的核心逻辑，即价值发现、价值匹配、价值获取。

当前，众筹商业模式的实践尚处于摸索
与起步阶段，国内外学术界对众筹商业模式的理论研究也处于空白状态。

因此，对其作出系统研究不仅有助于把握众筹商业模式的发展脉络和趋势，更有助于提供一种研究的视角和方法论。

对企业界来说，则有助于提供一种全新的商业思维逻辑，促进商业模式的创新和实践。

众筹的雏形最早可追溯至18世纪，当时很多文艺作品都是依靠一种叫做“订购”的方法完成的。

例如，莫扎特、贝多芬采取这种方式来筹集资金，他们去找订购者，这些订购者给他们提供资金，当作品完成时，订购者会获得一本写有他们名字的书，或是协奏曲的乐谱副本，或者可以成为音乐会的首批听众。

类似的情况还有教会捐赠、竞选募资等。

然而，这些众筹现象既没有完整的体系，也没有对投资人的回报，不符合商业模式的特征。

众筹作为一种商业模式最早起源于美国，已经有超过十年的历史。

近年来，该模式在欧美国家迎来了黄金上升期，发展速度不断加快，并在欧美以外的国家和地区也迅速传播开来。

n的调查结果显示，当年全球众筹平台筹资金额高达28亿美元，而2011年则只有14.7亿美元。

2007年，全球众筹平台的数量不足100个，截至2012年底已超过700个。

2012年12
月27日，美国福布斯网站发布的一项报告预测，到2013年，全球众筹平台的筹资总额将会达到60亿美元，到2013年第二季度，全球众筹平台将增至1500家。

未来，众筹模式将会成
为项目融资的主要方式。

在欧美国家的诸多众筹平台当中，Kickstarter是最具代表
性的。

该平台成立于2009年4月，截至2012年，共发布项目
数27,086个，其中成功项目为11,836个，项目共融资
99,344,382美元，参与投资支持项目的人数已经超过300万，2012年全年营业收入超过500万美元。

对于一个处于创业初
期的企业来说，上述数据证明了众筹是一个值得肯定和推广的商业模式。

从2011年开始，陆续出现了类似Kickstarter的众筹平台。

据不完全统计，目前有10余家侧重不同方向和特色的众筹平台，如上线于2011年5月的点名时间。

截至2011年底，点名
时间已经为57个项目募集到它们所需要的资金，数额从几千
元到几十万元不等，并获得了来自台湾的50万美元天使投资。

目前，文化创意产业是众筹商业平台起步的主要内容。

作为美国众筹平台的第一巨头的Kickstarter，目前仍是以音乐、
电影、漫画等与文艺相关的项目为主。

据统计，2012年，Kickstarter近30%筹资成功的项目都属于音乐类。

国内情况也
是如此，例如，截至2012年8月，在“点名时间”网站成功实
施的项目当中，设计类有94个、影视类32个、音乐类18个，而科技类只有13个。

从绝对数量来看，60%-70%的项目都可
以归属于文化创意产业范畴。

众筹商业模式的构建是一个艰难的过程，需要平台的专业性、资金的安全性、项目的可行性等多方面因素的考虑。

未来，随着众筹理念的不断普及，众筹模式将会越来越成熟，成为更多项目融资的主要方式。

众筹是一种Web3.0的募资方式，它将社交网络与“多数
人资助少数人”的理念结合起来，通过P2P或P2B平台的协议
机制，实现不同个体之间的融资筹款。

众筹商业模式由项目发起人、公众和中介机构三个部分组成。

3.1 项目发起人(筹资人)
项目是具有明确目标、可以完成且具有具体完成时间的非公益活动，如制作专辑、出版图书或生产某种电子产品。

项目发起人必须具备一定的条件，如国籍、年龄、银行账户、资质和学历等，拥有对项目100%的自主权，不受控制，完全自主。

项目发起人需要与中介机构(众筹平台)签订合约，明确双方的
权利和义务。

通常，项目发起人是需要解决资金问题的创意者或小微企业的创业者。

但有些企业为了加强用户交流和体验，强化众筹模式的市场调研、产品预售和宣传推广等延伸功能，以项目发起人的身份号召公众(潜在用户)介入产品的研发、试
制和推广，以期获得更好的市场响应。

3.2 公众(出资人)
公众(出资人)往往是数量庞大的互联网用户，他们利用在
线支付方式对自己感兴趣的创意项目进行小额投资，每个出资人都成为了“天使投资人”。

公众所投资的项目成功实现后，对于出资人的回报不是资金回报，而可能是一个产品样品，例如一块Pebble手表，也可能是一场演唱会的门票或是一张唱片。

出资人资助创意者的过程就是其消费资金前移的过程，这既提高了生产和销售等环节的效率，生产出原本依靠传统投融资模
式而无法推出的新产品，也满足了出资人作为用户的小众化、细致化和个性化消费需求。

3.3 中介机构(众筹平台)
中介机构是众筹平台的搭建者，又是项目发起人的监督者和辅导者，还是出资人的利益维护者。

众筹平台要拥有网络技术支持，根据相关法律法规，采用虚拟运作的方式，将项目发起人的创意和融资需求信息发布在虚拟空间里。

在项目上线之前，众筹平台进行细致的实名审核，确保项目内容完整、可执行和有价值，确定没有违反项目准则和要求。

在项目筹资成功后，众筹平台要监督、辅导和把控项目的顺利展开。

当项目无法执行时，众筹平台有责任和义务督促项目发起人退款给出资人。

4 众筹商业模式的法律风险与防范
众筹商业模式存在一定的法律风险，如项目发起人的资质和诚信问题、众筹平台的安全和隐私问题、出资人的权益保护问题等。

为了防范这些风险，众筹平台需要建立完善的风控体
系，包括实名认证、信息披露、风险提示、合同签订、资金监管等措施，确保项目的合法性和可行性，保护出资人的权益。

同时，需要遵守相关法律法规，加强监管和自律，提高行业规范化程度，促进众筹商业模式的健康发展。

众筹商业模式是一种全新的商业模式，它降低了创业融资的难度。

但对公众投资者而言，由于他们不了解项目的充分信息，导致缺乏对投资风险的预估，增加了投资风险。

对于项目发起人而言，为了募资成功，他们需要通过互联网把项目最大程度地展示给公众。

然而，互联网的开放性和即时性特征也使得项目信息迅速传播，一旦项目受到热捧，就会被迅速模仿并大量生产，这使项目发起人的知识产权无法得到有效保护。

因此，众筹商业模式在实践中存在着法律风险，需要我们认真研究与防范。

为了规避和防范可能出现的法律风险，我们可以从三个方面入手。

首先，众筹平台有义务在其网站上详细介绍项目的运作流程和标准，特别是在显著位置向公众（出资人）提示可能存在的法律风险，明确各方的法律责任和义务及可能发生争议时的处理办法。

其次，资金安全、项目的有序管理既是众筹平台的应尽义务，也是防范其自身法律风险的重要手段。

众筹平
台对涉及资金的环节，如从公众手中筹款、扣除一定比例的服务费、向项目发起人拨款或退回公众的预付款等，要严格管理，加强自律，必要时可引入外部监督机制。

最后，积极与政府沟通，尽快完善法律监管。

这样可以有效规避和防范众筹商业模式存在的法律风险。