总结英语八大句子成分

英语八大句子成分

句子的主要成分是主语和谓语，次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。

1）主语：常用n./pron./num./to do/doing/从句（主语从句）担任，一般放于句首。如：Students study.

We are friends.

20 years is not a short time./ 80,000miles is a long journey.

To see is to believe.

If buying a bag of candies doesn’t appeal to you, how about buying a tree?

What he said impressed me most.

★祈使句的主语往往省略。Hurry up,please.

2）谓语：(时态和语态）表示主语的行为或状态，常用vi./vt./系动词或动词词组担任，放主语后。如：She cried.

He left.

We will arrive soon.

He failed the exam.

He gave me a gift.

I found the book interesting.

She remained young after 10 years.

3）宾语：表示动作的对象，常见的有动宾、介宾和形宾。常由n./pron./num./to do/doing/句子（宾语从句）担任。

①vt+o

He passed the exam. I received a message.

②vt+indirect object+direct O

I’ll fetch you a chair. He passed the salt to me. I chose a book for me.

此类动词有：give, teach, buy, lend, find, hand, leave, sell, show, read, pay, make, offer, build, pass, bring, cook, refuse

注：见附录一跟双宾的动词

③vt+O+OC★

He made the girl laugh.

注：见附录二跟宾和宾补的动词

注：“动词+副词+宾语”,如果宾语是代词,放中间：Please put the shoes away. /Please put away the shoes. / Please put them away. (请把它们收起来。)

4表语：说明主语性质或状态。由n./pron./num./adj./adv./to do/doing/done/pp/句子（表语从句）担任。

This table is long.

Now leaves turn yellow.

She is still she.

He is my tutor.

The apples on the table are 8.

the light is on all the time.

The only thing is to wait.

The cup is broken.

The book is relaxing.

The whole class was in completely silence.

The house still looks what it used to be 10 years ago.

5 定语：描述名词的品质或特征，常用adj./n./pron./num./to do/doing/done/句子（定语从句）担任。

a red sun. Flower shops. Her name. 5 men. Running water. A cat called mimi. The best way to make friends.

I would like to ask some personal questions about him,which must be very interesting. 冠词a/物代my/年龄old/形状round/大小big/温度cold色彩red来源Chinese质地材料woolen//用途reading被修饰的名词(中心词)---修饰顺序

6 状语:--动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语。常由adv./adj./to do/doing/done/pp/独立主格、句子（状语从句）担任。

The students study hard.

The bag is too heavy.

After a week’s trip, he returned home,tired but very happy.(说明主语的状态）

In order to solve the problem, he came up with a suggestion.

When he came back,I had been asleep.

Time permitting,he expects to go out to play.

多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语,先地点、后时间,先小概念、后大概念：He went out of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.

7 补语--宾语或主语的补充说明，adj./n./to do/doing/done/pp.

Tom was made monitor.

Hopefully,the book will help us to know and learn English better.

Our country will be made more and more beautiful if we try our best.

Call him Jim, please. I tried my best to make him happy. Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. He let the smaller animals bring food to him.Please put it away.

8.同位语--同等重要的修饰语，n/pron/num/pp/to do/doing/句子（同位语从句）