外研版高中英语选修七Module 3 LiteratureSection 1 Background readings素材
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1. OldEnglish, or Anglo-Saxon Era
This period extends from about 450 to 1066, the year of the Norman conquest of England. The Germanic tribes from Europe who overran (蔓延) England in the 5thcentury, after the Roman withdrawal, brought with them the Old English, or Anglo-Saxon language, which is the basis of Modern English. They brought also a specific poetic tradition, the formal character of which remained surprisingly constant until the termination of their rule by the Norman-French invaders six centuries later.
那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代；那是智慧的年头，那是愚昧的年头；那是信仰的时期，那是怀疑的时期；那是光明的季节，那是黑暗的季节；那是希望的春天，那是失望的冬天；我们全都在直奔天堂，我们全都在直奔相反的方向--简而言之，那时跟现在非常相象，某些最喧嚣的权威坚持要用形容词的最高级来形容它。说它好，是最高级的；说它不好，也是最高级的。
2. MiddleEnglish Period
Extending from 1066 to 1485, this period is noted for the extensive influence of French literature on native English forms and themes. From the Norman conquest of England in 1066 until the 14thcentury, French largely replaced English in ordinary literary composition, and Latin maintained its role as the language of learned works. By the 14thcentury, when English again became the chosen language of the ruling classes, it had lost much of the Old English inflectional system, had undergone certain sound changes,and had acquired the characteristic it stillpossesses of freely taking into the native stock numbers of foreign words, in this case French and Latin ones. Thus, the various dialects of Middle English spoken in the 14thcentury were similar to Modern English and can be read without great difficulty today.
Module 3 Literature-Section 1 Background readings素材
Part Two
Section 1 Background readings forModule 3 Literature
I.Charles Dickens
Dickens's novels combine brutality with fairy-tale fantasy; sharp, realistic, concrete detail with romance, farce, and melodrama.; the ordinary with the strange. They range through the comic, tender, dramatic, sentimental, grotesque, melodramatic, horrible, eccentric, mysterious, violent, romantic, and morally earnest. Though Dickens was aware of what his readers wanted and was determined to make as much money as he could with his writing, he believed novels had a moral purpose–to arouse innate moral sentiments and to encourage virtuous behavior in readers. It was his moral purpose that led the LondonTimesto call Dickens "the greatest instructor of the Nineteenth Century" in his obituary.
3. TheRenaissance (文艺复兴时期)
A golden age of English literature commenced (开始) in 1485 and lasted until 1660. Malory’s Le morted’Arthur was among the first works to be printed by William Caxton, who introduced the printing press to England in 1476. From that time on,readershipwas vastly multiplied. The growth of the middle class, the continuing development of trade, the new character and thoroughness (完全) of education for laypeople (非神职人员) and not only clergy (神职人员), thecentralizationof power and of much intellectual life in the court of the Tudor and Stuart monarchs, and the widening horizons of exploration gave a fundamental new impetus (促进) and direction to literature. The new literature nevertheless did not fully flourish until the last 20 years of the 1500s, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Literary development in the earlier part of the 16thcentury was weakened by the diversion of intellectual energies to the polemics (辩论法) of the religious struggle between the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England, a product of the Reformation.
During his lifetime, Charles Dickens was the most famous writer in Europe and America. When he visited America to give a series of lectures, his admirers followed him, waited outside his hotel, peered in windows at him, and harassed him in railway cars. In their enthusiasm, Dickens's admirers behaved very much like the fans of a superstar today.
III. About English Literature
English literature is produced in England, from the introduction of old English by the Anglo-Saxons in the 5thcentury to the present. The works of those Irish and Scottish authors who are closely identified with English life and letters are also considered part of English f human affairs(from A Tale of Two Cities)
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness,it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity,it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness,it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair,we had everything before us, we had nothing before us,we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going directthe other way--in short, the period was so far like the presentperiod, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on itsbeing received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degreeof comparison only.
Always concerned to make money with his writings, Dickens took seriously the negative response many readers had to his darker novels. He deliberately addressed their discontent(不满)when he wroteGreat Expectations, which he affirmed was written "in a most singular and comic manner."
This period extends from about 450 to 1066, the year of the Norman conquest of England. The Germanic tribes from Europe who overran (蔓延) England in the 5thcentury, after the Roman withdrawal, brought with them the Old English, or Anglo-Saxon language, which is the basis of Modern English. They brought also a specific poetic tradition, the formal character of which remained surprisingly constant until the termination of their rule by the Norman-French invaders six centuries later.
那是最美好的时代，那是最糟糕的时代；那是智慧的年头，那是愚昧的年头；那是信仰的时期，那是怀疑的时期；那是光明的季节，那是黑暗的季节；那是希望的春天，那是失望的冬天；我们全都在直奔天堂，我们全都在直奔相反的方向--简而言之，那时跟现在非常相象，某些最喧嚣的权威坚持要用形容词的最高级来形容它。说它好，是最高级的；说它不好，也是最高级的。
2. MiddleEnglish Period
Extending from 1066 to 1485, this period is noted for the extensive influence of French literature on native English forms and themes. From the Norman conquest of England in 1066 until the 14thcentury, French largely replaced English in ordinary literary composition, and Latin maintained its role as the language of learned works. By the 14thcentury, when English again became the chosen language of the ruling classes, it had lost much of the Old English inflectional system, had undergone certain sound changes,and had acquired the characteristic it stillpossesses of freely taking into the native stock numbers of foreign words, in this case French and Latin ones. Thus, the various dialects of Middle English spoken in the 14thcentury were similar to Modern English and can be read without great difficulty today.
Module 3 Literature-Section 1 Background readings素材
Part Two
Section 1 Background readings forModule 3 Literature
I.Charles Dickens
Dickens's novels combine brutality with fairy-tale fantasy; sharp, realistic, concrete detail with romance, farce, and melodrama.; the ordinary with the strange. They range through the comic, tender, dramatic, sentimental, grotesque, melodramatic, horrible, eccentric, mysterious, violent, romantic, and morally earnest. Though Dickens was aware of what his readers wanted and was determined to make as much money as he could with his writing, he believed novels had a moral purpose–to arouse innate moral sentiments and to encourage virtuous behavior in readers. It was his moral purpose that led the LondonTimesto call Dickens "the greatest instructor of the Nineteenth Century" in his obituary.
3. TheRenaissance (文艺复兴时期)
A golden age of English literature commenced (开始) in 1485 and lasted until 1660. Malory’s Le morted’Arthur was among the first works to be printed by William Caxton, who introduced the printing press to England in 1476. From that time on,readershipwas vastly multiplied. The growth of the middle class, the continuing development of trade, the new character and thoroughness (完全) of education for laypeople (非神职人员) and not only clergy (神职人员), thecentralizationof power and of much intellectual life in the court of the Tudor and Stuart monarchs, and the widening horizons of exploration gave a fundamental new impetus (促进) and direction to literature. The new literature nevertheless did not fully flourish until the last 20 years of the 1500s, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Literary development in the earlier part of the 16thcentury was weakened by the diversion of intellectual energies to the polemics (辩论法) of the religious struggle between the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England, a product of the Reformation.
During his lifetime, Charles Dickens was the most famous writer in Europe and America. When he visited America to give a series of lectures, his admirers followed him, waited outside his hotel, peered in windows at him, and harassed him in railway cars. In their enthusiasm, Dickens's admirers behaved very much like the fans of a superstar today.
III. About English Literature
English literature is produced in England, from the introduction of old English by the Anglo-Saxons in the 5thcentury to the present. The works of those Irish and Scottish authors who are closely identified with English life and letters are also considered part of English f human affairs(from A Tale of Two Cities)
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness,it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity,it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness,it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair,we had everything before us, we had nothing before us,we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going directthe other way--in short, the period was so far like the presentperiod, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on itsbeing received, for good or for evil, in the superlative degreeof comparison only.
Always concerned to make money with his writings, Dickens took seriously the negative response many readers had to his darker novels. He deliberately addressed their discontent(不满)when he wroteGreat Expectations, which he affirmed was written "in a most singular and comic manner."