2025人教版高考英语一轮复习讲义必修第三册 Unit 4 Space Exploration

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意
1．astronaut n．宇航员；太空人
2．procedure n．程序；步骤；手续
3．cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)厘米
4．rocket n．火箭；火箭弹
5．gravity n．重力；引力
6．frontier n．边境；国界；边远地区
7．vehicle n．交通工具；车辆
8．satellite n．人造卫星；卫星
9．orbit n．(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行10．giant adj.巨大的；伟大的n．巨人；巨兽；伟人
11．leap n．跳跃；剧增；剧变vi.&vt.(leapt，leapt or leaped，leaped)跳过；跃过12．agency n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
13．transmit vt.&vi.传输；发送
14．data n．[pl.]资料；数据
15．spacewalk n．太空行走；太空行走的时间
16．jade n．玉；翡翠；玉器
17．solar adj.太阳的；太阳能的
18．solar system太阳系；类太阳系
19．sufficient adj.足够的；充足的
20．soap n．肥皂
21．microwave n．(also microwave oven)微波炉
22．tissue n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
23．facility n．设施；设备
24．fatal adj.致命的；灾难性的
25．high-end adj.高端的
26．foam n．泡沫橡胶；泡沫
27．pillow n．枕头
28．smartphone n．智能手机
29．closing adj.结尾的；结束的n．停业；关闭；倒闭
Ⅱ.重点单词——记形
1．launch vt.&n．发射；发起；上市
2．mankind n．人类
3．signal vt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号n．信号；标志
4．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用
5．muscle n．肌肉；实力；影响力
6．float vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮动；使漂流
7．otherwise ad v.否则；要不然
8．beyond prep.在更远处；超出
9．current adj.当前的；现在的n．水流；电流；思潮
10．towel n．毛巾；抹布
11．keen adj.热衷的；渴望的
12．shallow adj.肤浅的；浅的
13．pattern n．模式；图案；模范
14．monitor n．监视器；监测仪vt.监视；监测；监控
15．resource n．资源；财力；物力
16．oxygen n．氧；氧气
Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变
1．mental adj.精神的；思想的→mentally ad v.精神上地
2．intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n．智慧
3．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determine vt.查明；确定；决定→determination n．决心；果断
4．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望；沮丧
5．desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→desirable adj.值得做的
6．independent adj.独立的；自立的→independently ad v.独立地；自立地→independence n．独立；自立→depend vi.依靠
7．lack vt.缺乏；没有n．缺乏；短缺→lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的
8．globe n．地球；世界；地球仪→global adj.全球的；全面的
9．argue vt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论→argument n．争论；争吵；论点
10．analysis n．(pl.analyses)(对事物的)分析；分析结果→analyz(s)e v．分析11．regular adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularly ad v.有规律地；经常；定期地→irregular adj.无规律的；不定期的
12．limited adj.有限的→limitless/unlimited adj.无限的→limit vt.&n．限制13．mystery n．神秘事物；谜→mysterious adj.神秘的
14．attach vt.系；绑；贴→attached adj.附着的；依恋的→attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋
1．accustomed/ə'kʌstəmd/adj.习惯于；通常的
2．cherish/'tʃer Iʃ/vt.抱有(信念、希望)；怀念；珍爱
3．exhausted/Iɡ'zɔːst I d/adj.筋疲力尽的；枯竭的
4．whatsoever/ˌwɒtsəʊ'evə(r)/ad v.丝毫(不)；一点也(不)
5．spontaneous/spɒn'te I niəs/adj.自发的；自然的
6．unprecedented/ʌn'pres I dentId/adj.前所未有的；空前的
7．earnest/'ɜːn I st/adj.非常认真的；真诚的
8．invade/In've I d/vi.&vt.武装入侵；侵略；侵犯
9．surrender/sə'rendə(r)/vi.&vt.投降；(被迫)放弃，交出n．投降；屈服；屈从10．capture/'kæptʃə(r)/n．(被)捕获；(被)俘获vt.俘虏；俘获；捕获
Ⅳ.背核心短语
1．carry on继续做，坚持干
2．on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．in the hope of doing sth抱着……的希望
4．so as to(do sth)为了；以便
5．figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．result in导致；造成
7．as a result所以；结果(是)
8．provide for sb提供生活所需
9．in closing最后
10．run out用完；耗尽
Ⅴ.悟经典句式
1．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句)宇航员在太空工作时，不得不用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。

2．Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve.(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do...)把人送到其他星球甚至太阳系以外不是一个容易达到的目标。

3．Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.(动名词短语作主语)首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。

4．As a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.(现在分词作前置定语)
因此，基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量，从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。

Mankind has managed to create facilities and vehicles to carry astronauts into the universe.They launch rockets1.____________(carry)satellites.Many intelligent people around the globe are determined to devote2.____________(they)to space exploration，even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them 3.____________(disappoint)．Besides，when living in space，the astronauts have to recycle dirty water so as to use it later.4.__________lack of gravity，their muscles become weak.They have to tape everything up,5.____________they would float around.They also need to figure out a way to store sufficient food and oxygen.However，people’s desire6.__________(explore)space never dies.China is the third country to send humans into space independently.This signals a giant leap forward for China.Some people argue that we should stop7.____________(waste)time and money on space exploration，8.____________is a shallow view.Our planet’s resources are limited，and as a result，we should find a new home to provide for the ever9.__________(increase) population.In closing，we attach great importance to solving the mystery about space and will carry on with space exploration10.________(regular)．
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的(disappoint vt.使失望disappointing adj.令人失望的
disappointment n．失望，沮丧)
·be disappointed at/with/by...对……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth对做某事感到失望
be disappointed that...对……失望
·to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是
(1)Although being monitored can be frustrating and________(disappoint)，it turns out that this can actually be good for you.
(2)To their disappointment，they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)
①____________________________________was that they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(用what引导的主语从句改写)
②They failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt，_____________________ ________________________________________.(用定语从句改写)
desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望vt.渴望；期望(desirable adj.值得做的)
·have a desire to do sth渴望做某事
have a desire for sth渴望得到某物
·desire to do sth渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth渴望某人做某事
desire that...(should)do...渴望……
(1)The boy has a strong desire____________a smartphone with a large internal memory to play games.
(2)We desire that such meaningful activities________________(hold)on a regular basis.
(3)得知你有强烈的学好汉语的愿望，我写信给你一些实用的建议。

(应用文写作之建议信) Learning that you______________________________，I am writing to offer your some practical suggestions.
lack vt.缺乏；缺少；没有n．缺乏；短缺(lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的)
·(a)lack of缺少……
for/through lack of因缺少……
·be lacking in在……方面缺乏
(1)For lack____________sufficient oxygen，the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.
(2)一些学生可能会觉得与不熟悉的人一起练习不舒服，这可能会导致缺乏参与，阻碍他们在课程中的进步。

(2023·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)
Some students may feel uncomfortable practicing with someone they don’t know well，________________________________________________and hinder their progress in the course.
(3)尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。

(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)①Though they________________________________________________，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.
②____________________________________，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(用省略句改写)
argue vt.&vi.争论；争辩；论证(argument n．争论；争辩；争吵；论点)
·argue with sb about/over sth因某事与某人争吵/争
论
argue for/against(doing)sth据理赞成/反对(做)某事
argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事
·beyond argument无可争论
(1)It is beyond____________(argue)that Chinese astronauts have made giant contributions to the world space exploration.
(2)我本想说服他接受我的意见，但很快我意识到，和他争论这个问题没有用，因为他太固执了。

I had intended to__________________________________，but soon I realized______________ ____________________，because he was too stubborn.
(3)根据上面的表格，65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英语名著来提高他们的英语水平。

(2022·全国乙，书面表达)
Based on the above chart，________________________________________________________.
attach vt.系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视(attached adj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋)
·attach...to...把……附在……上；把……绑在……上
attach importance/significance/value/weight to...认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量
·be attached to喜欢，依恋；附属于
(1)With time going by，Claire seemed to be more____________(attach)to Tony，the robot.
(2)如果你能抽出一些时间来审查这封电子邮件所附的草稿并作出必要的更改，我将不胜感激。

(应用文写作之求助信)
I would be grateful if you could spare some time to review the draft script ____________________________________and make necessary changes.
(3)在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。

(应用文写作之建议信)
__________________________________________during the process of learning a language. (4)他拿出吊床，拴在树上，惬意地躺在里面，听着他最喜爱的音乐。

(读后续写之动作链描写) He took out the hammock，________________________and lay in it comfortably，listening to his favorite music.
result in导致；造成
·result from由……导致；因……而产生
·as a result因此
as a result of由于……
without result没有结果；徒劳地
(1)用result短语的正确形式填空
Misunderstandings________________________lack of social communication and，if not handled properly，may____________more serious problems.____________，we should master sufficient communicating skills.
(2)这次活动不仅将提供一个了解中国文化的机会，而且将增进相互理解和友谊。

(2023·天津6月，书面表达) Not only will the activity provide an opportunity to learn about the Chinese culture ____________________________________________________________.
run out用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态)
run out of用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态)
run across偶然遇到
run after追逐；追求
run into撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等)
用run短语的正确形式填空
(1)The moment we____________a cute wild rabbit，we rode our horses and____________it in excitement.
(2)David’s energy was________________but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids，he was plodding(步履艰难)his way towards the finishing line，bathed in sweat.
(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) (3)I had____________all my patience and I began to explode with anger.
动名词短语作主语Firstly，exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.首先，太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。

exploring space是动名词(短语)在句中作主语。

单个动名词(短语)作主语，谓语动词用单数；两个或两个以上用复数，doing作主语还有以下情况：(1)it作形式主语：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.“做某事没用。

”；It is a waste of time doing sth.“做某事浪费时间。

”(2)动名词的复合结构：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋doing作主语。

(1)Keeping a keen mind and being determined______(be)what it takes to be successful.
(2)在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼儿，但是我知道感到害怕是没用的，找到走出森林的路才是我现在必须做的事情。

(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
____________________________________made my heart in my mouth.But I knew that ____________________________________________and_________________________was what I must do right now.
(3)在我看来，玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。

In my opinion，________________________________________________.
(4)他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。

(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)
________________________made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
1．current
A.adj.现在的；当前的
B.adj.流通的
C.n.气流
D.n.潮流
(1)Some birds use warm air currents to help them fly.________
(2)The current money in China is Renminbi.________
(3)We should try our best to go with the current of the times.________
(4)With the current footprint of humanity，“it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form，possibly within a decade，certainly within this century，”Johnson said in an email.(2021·北京)________
2．otherwise
A.ad v.以其他方式
B.ad v.否则；要不然
C.ad v.除此以外
(1)Seize the chance，otherwise you won’t enjoy the beautiful traditional Chinese paintings.(2021·浙江6月)________
(2)There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent.________
(3)It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers.________ 3．launch
A.发射(卫星等)
B.创办；发行
C.发动，发起(运动、战役等)
D.(新产品)投入市场
(1)It is confirmed that China will launch more spacecrafts to the moon in the following year.________
(2)The police have launched an investigation into the case，which has resulted in great concerns nationwide.________
(3)The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson，back in1993.(2023·新课标Ⅱ，听力)________
(4)After the launch of the products，they have won good praises from customers for their
convenient and high-efficient superior properties.________
4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked，a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private，“off-line”activity.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)____________
(2)David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children，but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid.(2022·新课标Ⅰ)____________
(3)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，”says Kathryn Whitehead.
(2020·全国Ⅲ)____________ (4)Start a business using the help of your local library.If you want to have a business of your own，your local library can become a launch space for it.(2020·天津7月)____________
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．Mr Smith is____________(determine)to seek his fortune in the downtown area.
2．The young man had a strong desire____________(earn)a living by himself soon after he graduated.
3．He had to seek help from his colleagues for lack____________experience.
4．All passengers____________board are required to fasten the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands.
5．It was wise of him to admit what he had done，otherwise he__________________(get)into series of trouble.
6．The diversity between minorities often brings about____________(argue)．
7．There is no denying that mankind activities have a giant impact on____________(globe) climate.
8.Afterwards，he seemed to run out____________fortune and finally he lost all his possessions. 9．The airport__________________(complete)next year will definitely bring about many benefits to the local development.
10．____________(blame)by my father made me so sad that I hid my face in my hands，tears rolling down my cheeks.
最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。

请你根据下列提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文介绍讨论的情况。

1.30%的同学认为太空探索不值得；
2.70%的同学认为值得探索；
3.你的观点。

完成句子
1．人类一直渴望探索太空。

(desire to do...)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ 2．最近，我们班的学生就太空是否值得探索展开了激烈的讨论。

(argument；宾语从句)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ 3．30%的人认为太空探索不值得，认为太空离我们和我们的日常生活太远了。

(argue that；现在分词短语作状语)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ 4．我们在太空探索上花了太多钱，要不然这些钱本可以用来解决地球上的饥饿和污染等问题。

(otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句；定语从句)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ 5．70%的人重视太空探索，认为探索太空带来了很多好处，比如利用卫星进行通信和天气预报。

(attach；result in；动名词短语作主语)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ 6．随着地球上有限的能源逐渐耗尽，我们必须找到解决能源短缺问题的新方法。

(with复合结构；run out)
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
组句成篇
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________教材语料整合亮词[情感描写]determined adj .→determine v ．；disappointed adj .→disappoint
v ．→disappointment n ．→disappointing adj .；desire v ．&n ．→desirable adj .；in the hope of ；keen ；shallow
[动作描写]launch ；leap ；carry on ；signal ；figure out ；argue ；result in ；monitor ；provide for ；run out ；so as to
美句 1.Looking up at the stars ，people have always wanted to learn more about space ，and scientists work hard to find answers.(动作描写)
2.However ，some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to
explore space.(情感描写)
3.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed ，but the desire to explore the
universe never died.(情感描写＋无灵主语)
4.Despite the difficulties ，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began ，but also help us survive well into the future.(主旨升华)
5.As a result ，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough
food to feed Earth ’s increasing population.(拟人修辞)
拓展语料积累情感细节描写：震惊、惊讶(一)
单词shocked adj .震惊的；stun v ．惊呆→stunned adj .惊呆的；amazement n ．惊愕；惊诧→amazed adj .惊诧的→amazing adj .令人惊诧的；astonish v ．使惊讶
→astonishment n ．惊讶→astonishing adj .令人惊讶的→astonished adj .感到惊讶的词块to one ’s shock /surprise/amazement /astonishment 令人惊讶的是；wear a look of surprise on one’s face 面带惊讶的表情；be numb with surprise/shock 惊呆；a look of surprise spread over /flash across one’s face 脸上闪过惊讶的表情；too
surprised to utter a word/be speechless with shock 惊讶得说不出话
句型 1.So stunned was she that she could hardly say any word .(倒装结构)她惊愕得说不出话来。

2．They stopped in their tracks ，raised their head and stared at him in amazement .他们停下脚步，抬起头，惊奇地注视着他。

3．A look of surprise spread over the face of my companion as he listened to my
story.(无灵主语句)我的同伴听了我的故事，脸上露出惊讶的表情。

4．At the the news of his death，I was so shocked that I went numb.听到他去世的消
息，我太过震惊，呆若木鸡。

5．Rose froze with shock，as if rooted on the ground.(比喻句)罗斯惊呆了，好像
扎根在地上一样。

6．I stared at him in shock and a faint sound of surprise escaped my throat.我惊愕
地盯着他，喉咙里发出微弱的惊愕声。

语料运用太空事故
News came that all astronauts on board died during their mission.Hearing the news，people all over the country①________________________.②__________________________(倒装结构) his throat felt tight，③________________________(形容词短语作状语)．The disaster made everyone sad and disappointed，but④____________________________________never died.Scientists and astronauts⑤_____________________________________________________ so as to console those who sacrificed for the cause and make contributions to all mankind.
消息传来，机上所有宇航员在执行任务时全部遇难。

听到这个消息，全国人民都惊呆了。

总统如此震惊，喉咙紧绷，一句话也说不出来。

这场灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的愿望却没有停止。

科学家和宇航员决心找出原因，继续研究，以慰藉那些为航天事业牺牲的人们，为全人类做出贡献。