2019-2020学年新人教版高一英语语法讲解专题优化教案设计：必修1+++21省略

修1+++21 省略
二十一、省略
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and 连结的句子
在由 and 连结的句子中，为防止重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。

⒈ 省略共同的主语或宾语。

如： Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and (Mr.Smith)handed it to a policeman.
⒉ 若主语不一样而谓语助动词，神态动词同样，则省略后边的助动词或神态动词。

如： Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been)doing her homework.
⒊ 若主语与谓语动词同样，则省略后边的主谓成分。

如： His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry.
⒋ 若主语不一样，但主要动词及后续部分同样，则省略主要动词及后续部分。

如： I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob ( was born in winter) in 1989.
⒌ 省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分。

如： He was late because he had overslept and ( because he had) missed the train.
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状语从句的省略
⒈在 when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as, whether 等指引的状语从句中，若谓语有 be, 而主语有跟主句主语同样或是 it 时，则从句的主语和 be 常被省略。

如： As (he was) young, he was a store-keeper.
His opimion, whether (it is) right or wrong , would be considered.
⒉在 as, than, however, whatever, no matter what 等指引的从句中常省略某些成分。

如： Anyone, no matter who (he is), may point out our shortcomings.
I can only do it the way as ( I was) told to (do it that way).
⒊虚构条件句常省略if,将were, had, should提早组成部分倒装。

如： Should there be a flood =(If there should be a flood), what should we do?
⒋ 有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。

如： John will go there if my brother will (go).
I would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to ).
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定语从句和名词性从句中的省略
⒈在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略；在以the same
as 和 such as 引出的某些定语从句中，也可省略与主句同样部分。

如： The girl (who\whom\that) the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying.
I don't like such books as this (is).
⒉定语从句中的“主语+系动词 be”能够省略。

如： The goods (which were) ordered last month haven't arrived yet.
⒊在 know, think, consider, suppose, find, believe, say, decide 等动词后边所接的宾语从句中，
连词 that 能够省略；若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that 可省略，其他的则不可以。

如： I think (that) it will clear up(转晴)this afternoon.
He said(that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
⒋由 which, when, where, how和why指引的宾语从句，可所有或部分省略。

如： He will come back, but he doesn't know when ( he will come back).
⒌在与 suggest, request, order, advise 等词有关的名词性从句中，须用虚构语气形式 'should+ 动词原形， should 可省略。

如： The officer ordered that his men (should) fire.
It is suggested that we (should) go to see the flim.
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复合句中特别的省略现象
⒈ 主句省略多用于句首，在答句中，主句或许一些成分可所有省略。

如： (It is a) Pity that I didn't go to mary's birthday party yesterday.
⒉省略一个从句或从句的一部分，可用so 或 not 取代。

如：— She may not be free today.
—If so (so=she is not free today), we will have to report the manager.
—Is he feeling better today?
—I'm afraid not(not=he isn't feeling better today).
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动词不定式省略，只保存to 的场合
⒈不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常有动词如like, love, care, hope, wish, expect, afford, forget, prefer, refuse, mean, try, oblige （逼迫） ,advice, persuade, agree, want, remember, manage 等。

如： You can do it this way if you care to.
—You should have thanked her before you left.
—I mean to , but when I was leaving I could't find her anywhere.
⒉不定式在句中作某些动词后的宾补或主补时，常有的有ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit 等。

如： She wants to come but her parents won't allow to.
⒊不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时，常有形容词如happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready 等。

如： I think she should get a job, but you can't force her to if she's not ready to
—I'll be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all. I'd be happy to.
⒋不定式作某些复合谓语时，常有构造如be able to, be going to , have to, ought to, used to 等。

如： He doesn't like fish but he used to.
注意 ,当省略的内容是作动词用的have 或 be 的任何形式时,to 后边保存原形have 或 be. 如： He didn't come, but he ought to have.
Alice is not what she used to be.
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动词不定式符号to 的省略
⒈主语部分有to do, 系动词是is 或 was 时，作表语的不定式往常省略to.
如： The only thing you have to do is (to) press the button.
⒉作介词 but, except, besides 的宾语时，前面有实义动词do 时，常省略不定式符号to. Tom had nothing to do besides answer betters this morning.
⒊ 当两个或多个不定式并列时，后来的不定式符号可省略，但有对照关系时则不省略。

如： It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
⒋在 see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, feel, have make, let, leave, observe 等词后作宾语
补足语时，省略不定式符号 to； Why (not)do 构造中不定式不带 to.
如： Did you notice her enter the room?
why not join us?
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介词的省略
⒈ 一些常和动名词、形容词一同搭配的介词常省略，而保存后来的动名词，常有的句型有
spend/waste time(in)doing, lose no time(in)doing, have difficult/trouble (in) doing, be busy (in) doing, stop/prevent sb. (from) doing 等。

如： The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.
She lost no time(in) giving the patient first aid.
⒉表示时间的介词at, on 和 in 用在 next, last, this, these, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every, each, some, all 等词以前，一般皆省略，表示一段时间状语以前的for 也可省略。

如： We go to school every day except Sunday.
We have been here (for) three weeks.(否认句中不可以省略 for)
⒊表示行为方式的 in 在 in this way, in the same way, in another way 等词组中，常常被省略。

如： He did it (in) this way.
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会话中的省略
省略在会话中应用宽泛，不论是回答他人问题，仍是在接他人说话时都会发生，不然就感觉负担。

如：— Do you like this shirt?
—Yes, (I like it) very much.
(Come) This way,please.
—What do you think made Mary so upset?
—Losing her bicycle(made her so upset).。