2019版高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit4Cyberspace教师用书北师

Un it 4 Cyberspace
固考基•知识梳理I 屯分类盘点
（对应学生用书第26页）
［单词拼写应用］
I.考纲单词一一会拼写、要识记
1. likely adj. 有可能的
adv. 可能
2. focus vi. 集中注意
3. affect vt. 影响
4. offer n . & vt. 提供，提议；优惠
5. pack vt. 收拾（行李），打包
6. fancy vt. （非正式）想要做；幻想
7. reject vt. 拒绝，不接受
8 . view/sce nery n. 景色，风景
9 . average adj. 平均的
n. 平均数
10 . con cept n. 概念
11. skip vt. 跳过
12 . gallery n. 画廊
13 . artificial adj. 人造的
14 . climate n. 气候
15 . rapidly adv. 快，迅速地
16 . growth n. 增长；生长
17. chaos n. 混乱，无秩序
18 . crash vt. （汽车、飞机等）撞毁；坠毁
19 . n uclear adj. 原子能的
20 . network n. 网络
21. project n. 课题；方案；工程
22 . desti nati on n. 目的地
23. flesh n. 肉，肉体
24. historical adj. 历史的，有关历史的
25. central adj. 中央的，中心的
26. harbour n. 海港
n .派生单词一一能辨别
1. reality n. 真实，现实
T realize vt. 实现；意识
2. crime n. 犯罪；罪行
T crim inal n. 罪犯
3. terror n. 恐怖
T terrify vt. 使恐怖；使惊吓
T terrorist n. 恐怖分子
T terrorism n. 恐怖主义
4. attack n . & vt. 攻击，进攻
T attacker n. 攻击者
5. optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义
T optimistic adj. 乐观的
6. harm vt. & n. 伤害，损害
T harmful adj. 有伤害的
T harmless adj. 无害的
7 . obvious adj. 明显的，显而易见的T obviously adv. 明显地
8 . scie nee n. 科学
T scie ntific adj. 科学的
T scie ntist n. 科学家
9 . suggest vt. 建议，提议
T suggesti on n. 建议，提议
10 . arrange vt. 安排
T arra ngeme nt n. 安排
11. tour n. 旅游，旅行
T tourism n. 观光，游览
T tourist n. 旅行者，观光者
指南；导游，向导 指导，引路 指导；引导；领导 定居
（新）定居地
定期的；规则的 定期地；规则地 吸引
吸引人的，有魅力的
吸引力；具有吸引力的事物或人
1 . One solutio n is obviously(obvious) to import foreig n workers via immigration.(
2017 •江苏高
考)
2. Paul and I did n't see each other all that regularly(regular) , but shari ng that
brought us together.( 2017 •全国卷 n) 3. This attractive(attract) tour takes you to some of San Fran cisco's most cheerful
holiday seenes.( 2017 •全国卷川)
4.
rd like to think about your
suggestion(suggest)
before I give a definite reply.
5. The destruction (destroy) of the environment is one of the most serious challe nges we face.
6.
They provide an environment
where you can practice
under the guidance(guide) of some
one who's good at the Ian guage.
7. The chief engineer together with his colleagues has been looking for new scien tific(scien ce) methods of farmi ng since five years ago.
8 . Robbery is a criminal act , so no one wants to commit the crime _________ . (crime) 9 . The harmful materials
became harmless to the environment after being conducted(处
理).(harm)
10 . Jamie looked on Joh n as his only real friend ill of him.(real) ［拓展联想］
12 . guide
n .
vt.
T guida nee
n . 13 . settle
vi. T settleme nt
n . 14 . regular
ad j. T regularly
ad v . 15 . attract
vt. T attractive ad j. T attractio n
n .
,but in reality John often spoke
川.语境应用（用所给词的适当形式填空）
③ alarmi ng ④ awful
⑤ fearful ⑥ horrible
⑦ terrible ⑧ scary
“建议，劝说”单词小结
① advise ② recomme nd
③ suggest ④ persuade
［短语多维应用］
I .短语回顾一一会默写
1. make up 编造；构成
2. come true 实现
3. find out 发现；弄明白
4. hang on （电话用语）别挂断；别放弃
5 . get in touch 取得联系
6 . be up to 做，从事于；取决于
7 . in the flesh 本人亲身
8 . as well as 也，又
9 . be known as 被认为是
10 . take actio n 采取行动
11. what's more 而且
12 . take over 接收，接管
13 . con sist of 由……组成
14 . cut off 切掉，切断
15 . have problems with 在... 方面有困难
n .语境应用（用上述短语的适当形式填空）
1. It is high time we took action to prevent the river from being polluted.
2 . His appeara nee in the flesh en ded the rumour about his death.
3 . Try your best , and I think your ideal will come true some day.
4Who should I invite to my birthday?
—It is up to you , dear.
5. Now hang on a minute —I can't really believe what you just said.
6. rm tryi ng to get in touch with Tom but I failed.Do you know his teleph one nu mber?
7. This populatio n shift is bringing problems as well as ben efits to the people who
live in this area.
8. Guo Jingjing is known as a great Chinese diving athlete , who now has a baby.
9. Think twice before eating spicy foods ; you may have problems with your stomach.
10. The army is threatening to take over if civil unrest continues.
11. He had his fin ger cut off in an accide nt at work.
［拓展联想］
make短语集汇
① make up 构成；编造
② make out 理解；辨认出
③ make for 走向；促成
④ make up for 弥补；补偿
⑤ make up on e's mind to do
下定决心做
［句式结构仿写］
stude nts have eno ugh sleep.
（对应学生用书第28页）
精讲8个考纲单词
El likely adj.有可能的adv.（与most , very 连用）可能 [高考佳句 ] A great decline in young work force is
likely to occur in China, for
instance.（ 2017 •江苏高考）例如，年轻劳动力的急剧下降有可能发生在中国。

be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事 It is likely that... 很可能……
Not likely.
绝不可能。

（表示强烈反对）
① It's more tha n likely that the thieves don't know how much it is worth. 盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。

② The boss said we were likely to work overtime today.
老板说今天我们很可能要加班。

钿式升级链接写作
【导学号：33220013】
(普通表达 )They are likely to be fired by the company because of their fault. (高级表达 )lt is likely that they will be fired by the company because of their fault.（ 用it 作形式主语）
［教材原句］ In a book with lots of pictures and charts , I am likely to focus mainly on the written text.
在一本有很多图画和图表的书里，我很可能主要注意书面文子。

(1) focus on/upon sth./sb. focus on e's atte nti on /eyes on (2) i n focus out of focus
集中注意力于某物 注意力集中于 焦距对准；清晰 焦距没对准；模糊
/某人
（使）聚集n.焦点，焦距，聚焦;
（活动、兴趣等的）中心，集中点
① Most of us are more focused on our tasks in the morning than we are later in the
day.（ 2016 -全国卷语法填空）我们大多数人在上午比在一天的晚些时候要能集中精力 工作。

析考点•重难突破|
详剖细解拓展期
focus vi.集中注意;
照片上孩子们的
② The childre n's faces were badly out of focus in the photograph.
面部非常模糊。

［联想发散］表示"集中(注意力、精力等)于........... ”的短语还有：
①pay atte nti on to _ ② put on e's heart into
③fix on e's atte ntio n on ④ concen trate on
句多片链接写作
【导学号：33220014】
他集中精力学习。

①He focused his attention on his study.( _____ focus )
②He fixed his attention on his study.( ______ fix )
③He was absorbed in his study.( absorb )
④He applied himself to his study.( ____ apply )
⑤He concentrated his attention on his study.( ______ concentrate )
offer n. & vt.提供，提议；出价；优惠
［教材原句］ Already , users can buy books ,find out about holiday offers , book tickets and get all sorts of in formati on from the Intern et.
用户已经可以从因特网上买书，找到有关假期安排、票务预订以及各种各样的信息。

①The couple offered us 120, 000 for the house , which we bought five years ago.
这对夫妇出价12万来买我们五年前买的房子。

②Knowing that Tom was in trouble , Mike offered to helphelp) him.
得知汤姆陷入了困境，迈克主动来帮助他。

［联想发散］表示“提供给某人某物”的常见短语还有：
①supply sb.with sth. = supply sth.to sb.
②provide sb.with sth. = provide sth.for sb.
句笛片链接写作
【导学号：33220015】
如果你主动帮助别人，你最终会得到回报。

①_____________________________________________________________ If you offer to help people you'll eventually be rewarded/ ____________________________________ offer v .)
②If you make an offer to help people you'll eventually be rewarded.( offer n .) harm vt. &n.伤害，损害
[高考佳句] For another , drinking too cold or too hot water does nothing but harm to our health.( 湖南高考•书面表达)
其次，饮用太冷或太热的水只会对健康造成伤害。

(1)do/cause harm to 对……造成伤害
do sb.harm = do harm to sb. 伤害某人；对某人有害
mean no harm 无恶意
There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事无害处。

(2)harmful adj. 有害的
be harmful to sth. 对事物有害
①These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon causing serious
harm to life and the environment. 近来，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生
活和环境都造成了极大的危害。

②If you want to solve the problem in this way ，there is no harm in calling(call)
him.如果你想以这种方式来处理问题，你不妨给他打个电话。

—句多洋链接写作
【导学号：33220016】如果使用不当，这种药物会对你造成伤害。

①If used improperly ，the medicine will do/cause harm to you/will do you harm. (harm n.)
vt.建议，提议；推荐；表明，暗示
suggest
②If used improperly , the medicine will be harmful to you _______ .( harmful adj.)
[教材原句] Tom, can you suggest any good books for my project ? 汤姆，你能提供一
些和我做的项目有关的好参考书吗？
(1)suggest(sb.'s)do ing sth. 建议（某人）做某事
suggest(that)...(should)do 建议……（从句用虚拟语气）
(2)suggesti on n. 提议，建议；意见；暗示
make/offer/give a suggesti on 建议，提议
ask for a suggesti on 征求建议
① Some one suggested sending his brother to the US for treatme nt. 有人建议送他弟
弟去美国治疗。

②My father suggested we (should)climb(climb)the hill and have a match.
我的父亲建议我们进行一次爬山比赛。

［名师点津］suggest表示"暗示，表明”时，其主语往往是事物，而不是人。

这时suggest
后的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。

一句多洋链接写作
【导学号：33220017】在昨天的会议上我建议他放弃那个计划。

①I suggested his givi ng the pla n up at the meeti ng yesterday.( suggest doin g... )
②I suggested that he(should)give the pla n up at the meeti ng yesterday.( suggest that...)
③I made a suggestion that he(should)give up the plan at the meeting yesterday.( 同
位语从句)
d settl
e vi.定居，安家；停留
vt.安排，处理；决定；安放；使定居
［教材原句］ The history of the city goes back 650 years when the Maoris settled in the area.
这座城帀的历史追溯到650年前，当时毛利人在这一地区定居下来了。

(1)settle dow n/get settled
疋居；稳疋；平静下来
settle(dow n)to sth. 开始专心于某事，着手认真做某事
settle in/into 疋居；迁入（新居）；适应（新工作）
settle on 决定，选定；停留，降落
(2)settler n. 移居者
settleme nt n. 解决；住宅区
①Back from abroad ，the couple decided to settle down in Nanning. 从国外回来后,
夫妇俩决定在南宁定居。

②They settled dow n to a_serious discussi on over coffee. 他们喝着咖啡，开始认真讨
论问题。

③But he fin ally settled on literature ，particularly drama and poetry.
但是，他最终决定（选择）文学，尤其是戏剧和诗歌。

view n.景色，风景；视野；观点；意见
vt.眺望；观察；观看；看作；考虑
[教材原句] In the city , you can enjoy an amazing view from the Sky Tower , which
is the city's tallest Tower. 在这座城市里，你可以享受从天空塔上看到的迷人风景，它
①When the car goes around the corner ，our house will come into view. 当车绕过拐角时，我们的房子就在眼前了。

②When the car was first made ，the design was viewed as highly original. 当这辆车刚造好时，其设计被认为是独具匠心。

average adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的
n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准
v.平均为；计算出……的平均数
[经典例句] Each person raised an average of £ 60 to plant an acre of trees.（朗文辞典）
①Men lose an average of 3 —4 cm in height as they age , while women may lose 5 cm or more.
随着年龄的增长，男士的身高平均减少3-4公分，而女士可能减少5公分或更多一些。

②On average , a powerful earthquake occurs less than once every two years.
通常，强烈的地震每两年发生不到一次。

③They averaged out the numbers and got the result 7. 他们算出这几个数的平均数是
7。

诠释3个核心短语
［］hang on （= hold on ）（电话用语）别挂断；坚持下去，抓住不放
［经典例句］The line is busy , would you like to ha ng on ?电话线路忙，请别挂断好
吗？
(1)ha ng up 挂断电话
hang out/about/aro und 闲逛
hang together 团结，同心协力
hang onto 抓紧不放；继续保留
(2)get/have the hang of sth. 学会做某事的技巧
① I was hanging out with friends at 3 p .m.this Sun day.
这个星期天下午3点钟，我正和朋友们一起闲逛。

② Having struggled for several weeks，Lucy fin ally got the hang of lear ning physics. 努力拼搏了几周后，露西最终掌握了学习物理的窍门。

［经典例句］ We'll get in touch as soon as we know the results of the test.（朗文辞典）
我们一得知测试结果就和你联系。

be in touch with 和
……有联系
lose touch with 和
…
…失去联系
be out of touch with 和
…
…失去联系
keep in touch with 和
…
…保持联系
①We're out of touch with our office in Spai n.
我们和在西班牙的办事处失去了联系。

②We now keep injouch with him by writi ng letters. 我们现在靠写信与他保持联系。

［名师点津］get in touch与lose touch表示短暂动作，不与一段时间连用；be in touch
与be out of touch 表示状态，可以与一段时间连用。

（be） up to忙于，从事于；达到（数量/规格）；胜任；直到……为止；取决于；是……的
责任
［一词多义］写出下列句中up to的含义
①Up to a certain point , the more stress you are under, the better your performanee will be.( 2016 -上海高考•语法填空)达到
②Joh n was fired because he was n't up to his work. 胜任
get in touch 取得联系
③It's up to you whether we accept the present or not. 取决于
④She was here up to a few minutes ago. 直到……为止
up to now 直到现在
It is up to you. 随你的便/由你来决定。

It is up to sb.to do sth. 该由某人做某事。

⑤ It's up to her to decide(decide) whether or not to go on with the course.
是否继续上这门课程由她决定。

突破2个高考句型
Q ( 教材P8)... ，“ it is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping
on the In ternet. ” .............."很显然，我们将会看到网上购物的巨大增长。

”
本句句型为：It is clear that... 句型。

在这一句型中，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。

(1) 常用于这种结构的形容词有：clear , obvious , certain , important , possible , natural interesting , likely , unusual 等。

(2) 在It is necessary/important/strange/surprising/
unthinkable/unbelievable/incredible + that... 中，从句中的谓语动词常用"should +动
词原形”，should可省略。

①It is obvious that she is popular with stude nts.
很明显，她很受学生们的欢迎。

②It is important that we(should)discuss(discuss) the plan. 重要的是我们该讨论这
个计划。

［名师点津］在以上句型中，如果从句内容只是简单地陈述事实，谓语动词用陈述语气；
如果从句内容并不是陈述事实，而是表达某种强烈的情感(要求、建议、命令、责备、惋惜、
吃惊等)，谓语动词用虚拟语气，即“ (should + )do ”形式
( 教材P s) Some experts see our future in virtual reality —the use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situati on.
有些专家看到虚拟现实的未来一一(虚拟现实)是计算机通过声音和图像模拟现实，以使人感
到仿佛置身于一个真实的空间。

as if( = as though)意为“仿佛；好像；似乎”，常用在be, look , seem, sou nd , smell ,
feel等系动词的后面引导表语从句。

(1) 省略：如果as if/though 引导的方式状语从句为主系表结构且其主语与主句主语一致，
则可省略其中的主语和系动词。

(2) 语气：如果as if/though 引导的从句表示实现的可能性很小或与事实相反，则用虚拟语
气；如果实现的可能性较大，则用陈述语气。

①It looks as if it's going to rai n.
天看起来要下雨了。

②The football player is rolli ng on the ground as if hurt badly in the leg. 这个足球运动员在球场上打滚，他的腿似乎伤得很严重。

③Afterward ，she invited meto the one- and- only steak house in the area to celebrate
her victory ，as if she had received(receive)her PhD degree.
过后，她邀请我到本地唯一一家牛排馆来庆祝她的胜利，就好像她已经获得了博士学位似的。

［多角快练］――练单词练短语练句型 --------------------------------------
(对应学生用书第31页)
I .单句语法填空
1. The challenge was huge , and many people thought you were not up to it. _
2. She also wan ted to make sure she did n't lose touch with her friends in Taiwa n.
3. Itjs reported in the newspaper that several new subway lines are being built
in Wuha n.
4. Seeing the super star appear in the flesh, the crowd burst into cheers.
5. They settled down to test papers when they came to the room.
6. The old man was deep in thought, his eyes focused (focus) on the painting.
7. On average, a family will use 5 kg of wood per day to cook on a simple wood stove.
8. It is suggested that he (should)solve(solve) the problem in another way.
9. I don't fancy going(go) out so far in such bad weather.
10. It is reported that Zhou Qi is likely to be chosen(choose)by one team of NBA
in this September.
n.单句改错
1. Mary as well as I have been to the Great Wall.
have T has
2. What was obvious that the man ager of the coffee shop was wait ing for Li
Fang to leave.
What f It
3. His dream that he wants to be a teacher has now realized.
now 后力口been
4 . Offering an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chanee to become famous.
Offering Offered
5. If she retur ned an hour earlier, she would n't have bee n caught i n the rain.
第一个she后力口had
提考能•教材升华I
(对应学生用书第32页)
I .课文语法填空
请根据Lesson 1的课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The last three decades have seen that the Internet is growing 1. rapidly (rapid). Nowadays, the number of the computers 2. which are connected to the Internet 3.is(be) around 50 milli on.
Someexperts ，worrying about the crime in cyberspace, are not optimistic 4. about the future. For example, in the future, the computers of banks and gover nments may be attacked by 5. terrorists(terror). 6. However, many people hold an opposite view
about the future of cyberspace. 7. In_ their opinion, the Internet can bring them great 8.
convenience(convenient), such as buying books, 9. booking(book) tickets and shopp ing on the Intern et. Besides, people can get en terta inment from the Net ，television and mail service may disappear. With computers widely 10. used(use), some
experts see our future in virtual reality.
n.写作改错双练
请根据提示，运用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。

1. 随着科学技术的快速发展，计算机应用于如此多的领域，以至于我们不能没有它。

(tech no logy , apply , so...that...)
2. 结果是人们依靠计算机来解决各种问题，比如，探索月球。

(as a result , calculate on, solve , explore)
3 .即使如此，人们普遍认为在将来计算机不能替代人类。

(an yhow , uni versally)
第一步练写作用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。

第二步练改错
F 面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有 5处错误，请你帮他纠正过来。

As scie nee and tech no logy develop ing quickly, computers can be applied to so a nu mber of fields that we can't go without it. As a result, people can solve all
kinds of problems by calculate on computers ，for example ，exploring the moon. Anyhow, it is uni versally believed is that computers can't take the place huma n beings in the future.
【答案】
a nu mber of fields that we can't go without it. As a result, people can solve all
kinds of problems by calculate
on computers , for example , exploring the moon,
calculat ing
A
believed is that computers can't take the place of human
beings in the future.
As scie nee and tech no logy
develop ing develop quickly,
computers can be applied
so such
it
Anyhow
而 is
uni
versally。