10.7Module10模块小结(练习)

Module10 Australia
模块小结
思维导图
知识要点一：重点单词，短语及句。

要点1 according to
according to根据；按照；据……所说
例：According to the local people, it's a special and magical place. 当地人认为它是一个特殊而神奇的地方。

【考点】according to主要用来表示“根据”某学说、某书刊、某文件、某人所说等或表示“按照”某法律、某规定、某惯例、某情况等。

【注意】according to后面不接view, opinion等表示“看法”的词。

according as，意为“根据”“随……而定”，后接从句。

【注意】对于那些由what, which, whether, how, when, where等引导的句子，其前要用according to，不用according as。

【典例分析】
1.根据你工作的好坏，你会得到表扬或批评。

You will be praised or blamed _________ ___________your work is good or bad.
【点拨】according as 意为“根据”“随……而定”，后接从句。

2.根据大家所说，他是位诚实的商人。

He is an honest businessman, ________ ___________what everyone says.
【点拨】according to 对于那些由what, which, whether, how, when, where等引导的句子，其前要用according to，不用according as。

3.它们是按发生的时间安排的。

They were arranged ________ ________when they happened.
【点拨】according to对于那些由what, which, whether, how, when, where等引导的句子，其前要用according to，不用according as。

4. 按照计划，我们下星期进行数学考试。

_______________ the plan, we will have a maths exam next week.
【点拨】according to 根据；按照；据……所说。

5. _________ Ben, they are not getting on very well at the moment .
A. Depending on
B. According to
C. According at
D. According with
【点拨】B句意：根据Ben说的，他们现在相处得并不好。

depend on依靠于，依赖于；according to根据…. 没有according at和according with这些短语；根据句意可知，这里表示“根据….”故选B。

要点2 height
height n. 高度表示某物的高度，其形容词形式是high
【考点】辨析：high, highly与height
作形容词讲时，意为“高的”，修饰名词；作副词讲时，意为“在高处”，high 形容词或副词
修饰动词
highly 副词意为“高级地”，修饰动词或形容词。

height 名词意为“高度”，常与介词in连用。

The mountain is very high.那座山很高。

Don't climb too high. 别爬得太高。

Mary is a highly educated woman.
玛丽是一位受过高等教育的女士。

【重点】height常用的结构
(1)at a height of在……的高度；在……的鼎盛时期
(2) in height 在高度上
(3) What‘s the height of...？＝What's...height？……的高度是多少？
拓展：length n长度width n宽度depth n 深度
【典例分析】
1.这座山有多高？
_________ ___________ _____________of the mountain
_________ ___________ ___________ the mountain
【点拨】What’s the height How is high
2.它有两米高。

It is 2 metres __________.
It is 2 metres __________ __________.
【点拨】high in height
3. —What's the ________ of the mountain?
—It's about nine hundred metres.
A. temperature
B. height
C. direction
D. price
【点拨】B句意：——这座山的高度是多少？——大约900米。

A. temperature温度，气温；B. height高度；
C. direction方向；
D. price价格。

根据下文It's about nine hundred metres.回答可知上文是提问山的高度。

根据题意，故选B。

要点3 lie off
l ie off (海)稍离陆地(或他船)；稍离陆地等
【考点】lie＋介词的用法
相对于A；
B: lie in 位于某个范围内
C：lie on 位于外部且接壤
D: lie to 位于外部且不接壤
【典例分析】
1. Bill and Joe have decided to spend the May Day holiday on an island which lies________ the coast of France.
A. in
B. at
C. up
D. off
【点拨】D句意：Bill 和Joe已经决定在法国海岸的岛上度过五一节。

off coast of France远离法国海岸，根据常识可知，岛都是远离海岸的，off离开，介词，其他的选项的介词，没有这种用法。

故选D。

2. Taiwan lies _____ the southeast of China.
A. on
B. to
C. off
D. in
【点拨】D lie in 位于某个范围内. 台湾属于中国领土，故用in。

3.Japan lies _________ the east of China.
A. on
B. to
C. off
D. in
【点拨】B 日本不属于中国，领土不相连。

故选B。

要点4 keep sb./sth. away
keep sb./sth. away (使)避开；(使)不靠近
例：Please keep the trash away. 请将垃圾放远一点。

【考点】keep此处用作及物动词，意为“使保持(某种状态)”。

keep sb./sth. away意为“(使)避开；(使)不靠近”。

【重点】keep的用法：
1). keep＋名词/形容词保持……
Running is a good way to keep healthy. 跑步是保持健康的一种好方法。

2). keep＋宾语＋形容词使……保持某种状态
We must keep the room clean. 我们必须保持这个房间干净。

3). keep (on) doing sth. 不断地做某事
I kept (on) thinking about the match in the afternoon. 我总是想着下午的比赛。

4). keep sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事
I kept them waiting at the gate. 我让他们在大门口一直等着。

5). keep sb./sth. from doing sth. 防止或阻止某人/物做某事
We must keep them from getting to know our plans. 我们必须设法防止他们知道我们的计划。

拓展：keep构成的短语
keep doing sth 一直做某事
keep sb/sth doing sth 使某人/某事一直做某事
keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
keep up with 跟上
keep in mind 记住
keep in touch with 保持联络
keep on 继续
【典例分析】
1. 你认为我们青少年应该远离网络吗?
Do you think we teenagers should __________ _____________ __________ the Internet?
【点拨】keep away from 。

远离，不接近。

2. 使劲跑，别停！
Just __________ __________, don’t stop!
【点拨】keep running。

keep (on) doing sth. 不断地做某事
3. 我们要尽力保持卧室清洁整齐。

We should try to __________ the bedroom __________ and tidy.
【点拨】keep clean 。

keep＋宾语＋形容词使……保持某种状态
4. 对不起，让你久等了。

I’m sorry for keeping you __________ for such a long time.
【点拨】waiting。

keep sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事
5. 疾风阻止我们去上学。

The strong wind keeps us __________ __________ to school.
【点拨】from going。

keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
6.这条白线是用来警告人们不许靠近的。

The white line is used for _________ _________ _____________.
【点拨】keeping people away
7.为了学好英语，你必须用英语写日记。

In order to learn English well, you must _____________ _________ __________ in English.
【点拨】keep a diary
8.记得经常保持联络。

Remember_________ _________ _______ ________ _________each other often.
【点拨】to keep in touch with
9.别掉队，跟上别人！
Don’t fall behind,________ ________ _________ others.
【点拨】keep up with
10.我们要将安全永远放在心上。

We must ________ safety ___________ _________ forever.
【点拨】keep in mind
11.大雨使我们踢不了球。

The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football.
【点拨】stopped from playing。

stop …from 表示阻止。

做某事。

12.The flies are so terrible. Please ________．
A. keep it away
B. keep them away
C. keep away them
D. keep away it
【点拨】B 句意：苍蝇太可怕了，请把他们赶走。

短语keep away表示把……带走；主语是the flies这里代词用they的宾格them，keep away是动词和副词构成的短语，代词放在中间。

根据题意，故选B。

13.As we all know, it’s not polite to keep others_________ for a long time.
A. wait
B. waited
C. to wait
D. waiting
【点拨】D这题考查非谓语的用法：keep sb doing“让某人一直做某事”，句意是：我们都知道，让别人等很长时间是不礼貌的。

选D。

要点5
with 介词，意为“带有，具有，留着”。

It's like a huge sailing boat with water on three sides. 它像一艘三面环水的巨大帆船。

【考点】“with water on three sides”是由“with＋名词＋介词短语”构成的复合结构，在句中可作状语或后置定语，作状语时常表示伴随状况。

【拓展】在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成的复合结构中，除介词短语外，形容词、副词、动名词、过去分词、不定式等也可以作宾语补足语。

归纳：介词with的用法：
(1)意为“用……”，表示使用某种工具、手段等。

（2）意为“和……一起”；“跟……一起”，表示伴随。

（3）意为“关于，对于”，表示一种关系或适用范围。

（4）意为“随着, 与……同时”。

【典例分析】
一、翻译并指出with的在各句中的意义。

1.He writes with a pencil.
【点拨】他用铅笔写字。

with 意为“用……”，表示使用某种工具、手段等。

2.Can you see a film with me?
【点拨】你能和我一起去看电影吗?with意为“和……一起”；“跟……一起”，表示伴随。

3.What’s wrong with your watch?
【点拨】你的手表怎么了?with意为“关于，对于”，表示一种关系或适用范围。

4.With these words, he left the room.
【点拨】说完这些话，他离开了房间。

with意为“随着, 与……同时”。

5.Would you like to go to the theatre with us?
【点拨】你愿意和我们一起去剧院看戏吗？with意为“和……一起”；“跟……一起”，表示伴随。

6.With time passing by, they have grown into big boys and girls.
【点拨】随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。

在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成的复合结构中，除介词短语外，形容词、副词、动名词、过去分词、不定式等也可以作宾语补足语。

作状语时常表示伴随状况。

7.With you standing there, I can't do my work.
【点拨】你站在那里，我没法干活。

在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成的复合结构中，除介词短语外，形容词、副词、动名词、过去分词、不定式等也可以作宾语补足语。

作状语时常表示伴随状况。

要点6
hundreds of 数百的，数以百计的
Those mountains are hundreds of metres high.那些山有数百米高。

【重点】hundreds of 后接复数名词形式。

They plant hundreds of trees every year. 他们每年种几百棵树。

【难点】当hundred前有具体的数词修饰，即表示确切的数目时，hundred只能用单数形式，且不与of
连用。

另外，hundred前也可用some, several, many等表示不确定的数目的词修饰。

Two hundred students attended the contest. 两百名学生参加了此次比赛。

【拓展】与hundred用法类似的还有thousand, million等。

thousands of数千的three thousand 三千
【典例分析】
1.—________ is the population of China, Jack?—Let me think for a moment, it is about ________.
A. How many；1，400 million
B. What；1，400 million
C .What；140 million D. How many；140 million
【点拨】根据句意：——中国的人口是多少，杰克? ——让我想想，大约是14亿. 提问人口用what；结合语境，1，400 million符合实际情况。

故选B。

2. It is reported that there are over ______ koalas dying in the disastrous wild fire broke out recently in Australia.
A. thousands of
B. 8 thousands
C. 8 thousands of
D. 8 thousand
【点拨】1. D millions of 数以百万计的。

概数。

不能与具体数字连用。

2.D thousands of 数以千计的。

Thousand可以与具体数字连用。

Thousand后面不加“s”。

要点7
look for 寻找
What are you looking for，Jenny? 珍妮，你正在寻找什么？
【难点】辨析look for与find
【拓展】look 的相关短语：
look over 仔细检查look after 照顾look up 查阅；仰视
look like 看起来像 look at 看look through 浏览
【典例分析】
1. Dear ！Where is my watch ? I can’t ______ it anywhere .
A. look for
B. find out
C. find
D. look
【点拨】C. 意为“找到”，强调“找”的结果
2.Paul , could you help me_______ when the earliest train will leave for Beijing ?
OK , I’ll do it right away .
A. look out
B. get out
C. find out
D. take out
【点拨】C.find out意为“找到，发现，查明”，多指通过调查、询问、打听、研究之后“弄明白”。

通常含有“经过困难、曲折”之后才找出难以找到的东西。

3.The window was broken．Try to ______ who has broken it．
A．find B．look C．find out D．look for
【点拨】C。

find out意为“查明”；find意为“找到”；look for意为“寻找”，根据句意可知应该选“查明”
4.他到处寻找他的钢笔，但是还是没有找到。

He____________ his pen, but he didn’t ___________ it.
【点拨】looked for find.
5.你能帮我查一下火车什么时候开吗？
Could you help me______________ when the train leaves?
【点拨】find out
6. 你找到你的书了吗？
Do you _____________your book?
【点拨】find
要点8
surprised与surprising用法：
surprised惊奇的，吃惊的；表示“感到某种情绪”，其主语指人。

surprising惊奇的，吃惊的；表示“存在的状态”，其主语指物。

【考点】surprised作形容词，意为“令人惊讶的”，常修饰人。

(1)be surprised at sth. 对某事感到吃惊
(2)be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到吃惊
(3)be surprised＋that从句对……感到吃惊
【重点】to one's surprise使人惊奇的是
【典例分析】
1. 令我惊讶的是，他的汉语说得非常好。

To ________ __________, he speaks Chinese very well.
【点拨】my surprise. to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是。

固定搭配。

2. 他惊奇地对我说：“你不会滑冰?”
He said to me _______ __________, “Can’t you skate?”
【点拨】in surprise 吃惊地=surprisingly
3. 在这里见到你我很吃惊。

I’m __________ _________ _________ you here.
【点拨】surprised to meet.
4. 对这个令人吃惊的消息我们感到诧异。

We’re __________ __________ the ____________ news.
【点拨】surprised at surprising. be surprised at 对某事感到惊讶。

Surprised 形容“人”。

Surprising 描述“物”。

5.他的到来令人吃惊。

His ing is __________.
【点拨】surprising。

要点9 spirit
spirit n. 精灵；神灵；精神
【考点】与spirit相关的短语：
be in high spirits情绪高be in low spirits情绪低in spirit在精神上
【典例分析】
1.这是一种多么高尚的精神。

What _______ ________ ________ this is!
他情绪低落。

2.He is __________ _________ __________.
【点拨】1.a noble spirit 2.in low spirit
3.On Children’s Day, children receive lots of gifts and are all in high .
A. mind
B. minds
C. spirit
D. spirits
【点拨】D考查固定搭配。

spirit“精神”,in high spirits“情绪高涨”,是固定搭配。

要点10
Relative n.亲戚
Do you have relatives in the city? 在这座城市里你有亲戚吗？
【考点一】relative可构成短语a close relative“近亲”。

【考点二】relative可以作形容词，意为“相对的，相关联的”。

All things are relative. 一切事物都是相对的。

【考点三】relative to关于……，与……相比
Relative to the size, the city is sparsely populated. 与其面积相比，这个城市的人口是稀少的。

【典例分析】
1. I'm not sure of the exact________ between them—I think they're cousins.
A. period
B. relative
C. relationship
D. spirit
【点拨】C句意：我不确定他们之间的关系—我认为他们是表兄弟。

A. period时期；B. relative亲戚；
C. relationship关系；
D. spirit精神。

根据I think they're cousins这里指的两者之间的关系。

故选C。

2.—One of our will e to stay with us. Who’s that?
—Oh, it’s our father’s cousin.
A. friends
B. classmates
C. relatives
D. teachers
【点拨】C考查词义辨析。

由答语中的cousin一词可知,relativ e“亲戚”符合题意。

要点11
for example 例如
辨析：for example与such as
【典例分析】
用for example, such as或like填空
1. He studies hard. _______________, he does his homework every night.
2. The boy likes vegetables, _______________ , cabbages.
3. Mary is __________ her father.
4,He can speak four languages, ____________ Chinese and English.
5.English is spoken in many countries, _____________Australia and Canada.
【点拨】1.for example 2.for example 3.like 4.such as 5.such as
要点12
worry about 担心，担忧
Don’t worry about it . 不要担心它。

【重点】about 为介词，其后跟名词或代词。

该短语常常见于祈使句中，用于安慰别人。

词组nothing to worry about意为“没有什么担心的”。

Don’t worry about my health，and I feel better now. 别担心我的健康，我现在感觉好些了。

【考点】worried是worry的形容词形式，常用在be worried about . . . 结构中，意为“担心…”，表示状态，一般不用于祈使句中。

【典例分析】
1.我很担心我弟弟。

I__________ _________ __________ my brother.
I__________ _________ my brother.
【点拨】am worried about worry about
要点13
be famous for 因……而出名
be famous for = be known for for 后面多接表示原因的词
辨析：be famous as 与be famous for
【典例分析】
1.山东潍坊现在因制作风筝而出名。

Weifang in Shandong Province _____________________ making kites now.
【解析】因.....而出名，用短语be famous /known for。

故答案为：is famous /known for
2. Bondi beach is famous ________________ an interesting place _______________ holidays.
A. in ; for
B. as ; for
C. for ; to
D. to ; as
【答案】B
【解析】句意：邦迪海滩是因为适合度假而作为一处有趣的地方而著名的。

考查be famous与介词的短语搭配。

根据句意可知是：因……而著名与作为……而著名。

故选B。

3. Yao Ming is famous ________________ a player ________________ basketball fans.
A. for ; as
B. as ; for
C. as ; to
D. as ; in
【答案】C
【解析】句意：姚明对于篮球迷来书是作为一名球员而著名的。

考查be famous与介词的短语搭配。

根据句意可知是：作为……而著名与对某人来说是著名的。

故选C。

要点14
at the moment 此刻；那时
辨析：at the moment, for the moment, for a moment与in a moment
【典例分析】
1.I missed his call because at that time I ______ a shower.
A. had
B. have had
C. have
D. was having
【点拨】D at that time 表示过去某特定时间正在发生的动作，故用过去进行时。

2. —Could you help me take these new books to the classroom?
—OK. I’ll do it ______.
A. of the moment
B.at that moment
C. a moment ago
D.in a moment
【点拨】D in a moment 意为“立即；马上”。

3. They are in the supermarket at the moment.(同义句改写)
They are in the supermarket __________.
【点拨】now t at the moment意为“此刻；那时”
4. 那时她不知道街道上发生了什么。

She didn’t know what happened in the street _____________.
【点拨】at the moment
要点15 常用短语
1.剪掉；切掉；割掉
2.把……从……上刷掉
3.因……而著名
4.根据；按照;据……所说
5.（使)避开；(使)不靠近
6.写日记
7.……的中心 8.此刻；现在
9.对……感到惊奇 10.和……有关系
11.在很多方面 12. 由……组成(看得出材料)
13.由……组成(看不出材料) 14.例如
15.担心，担忧 16.在世界的南部
17.阻止某人做某事 18.习惯了做某事
19.过去常常做某事 20.在……方面受欢迎
【答案】1.Cut sth off sth 2.brush sth off sth 3.be famous for 4.according to 5.keep away 6.keep a diary
7.the centre of 8.at the moment 9.be surprised at 10. have a relationship with 11.in many ways
12.be made of… 13.be made from… 14.for example 15.worry about 16. In the south of the world
17. keep sb from doing sth 18.get / be used to doing sth 19. used to 20.be popular for ……
that 引导的定语从句
在复合句中，修饰一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

that 做定语从句的引导词, 放在先行词及定于从句之间起连接作用, 同时在定语从句中充当句子成分。

that 引导的定语从句既可以修饰无生命的事物, 也可以修饰有生命的动物或人, that 在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可以省略)。

I like music 先行词 关系词 定语从句
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. (that 作主语）玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. (that 作宾语）我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

关系代词只能用that 的情况：
(1) 如果先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词, 关系代词一般只用that, 不用which 。

例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
(2) 如果先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the best 等词修饰, 关系代词常用that (指人时, 可
以用who)。

This is the very book that I want to find.
That is the best film that we have seen.
I was the only person in my office that/who was invited.
(3) 当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much 所修饰时。

You can take any seat that is free.
(4) 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。

It is the first foreign book that I have ever seen.
This is the most beautiful flower that I have seen.
(5) 在there be句型中, 常用that。

There is a man that lives in that village.
(6) 先行词有两个, 一个指人, 一个指物, 关系代词应该用that。

The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(7)当先行词前已有who, which等疑问代词时，为避免重复，关系词只能用that.
Who was the man that sat behind you? 坐在你后面的那个人是谁?
【典例分析】
一、用定语从句完成下面各句。

1. Here is the pen ____________________________________________你昨天丢失的）.
2. I have lost the bag___________________________________________（我姐姐给我买的）.
3. Rice is a plant ______________________________________________（在中国南方种植的）.
4. The photos __________________________________________（我在长城上拍摄的）are on the table.
5. Who is the girl ____________________________________________（刚才和你说话的）.
【点拨】：1. that you lost yesterday 2. that my sister bought me
3. that is planted in the south of China
4. that I took on the Great Wall
5. that talked to you just now
二、单项选择
1.The movie ______ we saw last night was fantastic.
A．that B．what C．whose D．Who
【点拨】A
【解析】句意：我们昨晚看的那场电影好极了。

考查定语从句引导词。

本句定句从句的先行词The movie是物，并且关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，可知使用关系代词that或which；故选A。

2. He talked to me about the things and people ______ he came across in China.
A. which
B. who
C. whose
D. that
【点拨】D
【解析】：考查定语从句先行词的用法。

引导词在定语从句中作宾语。

先行词有人有物只能用“that”
3.– Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV?（2020年湖北鄂州市中考）
–Sure. It’s a great TV program can develop the habit of reading.
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. whose
【点拨】B
【解析】句意：你喜欢中央电视台每周一次的节目《朗读者》吗？当然了，这是一个很棒的节目，能培养阅读的习惯。

根据句子结构可知，这里考查定语从句，who是关系代词，先行词为人，在从句中作主语或宾语；that先行词人或物都可以，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句，先排除；whose…的，先行词可以是人或物。

这个定语从句的先行词是program，故排除A；D选项意思不合适。

故应选B。

三、将下面各句改写成定语从句
1. That man is Mr. Smith. He is taking photos near the river.
【点拨】The man that/who is taking photos near the river is Mr. Smith.
2. This one is a photo of a shark. I saw it on the Great Barrier Reef.
【点拨】This one is a photo of a shark that/which I saw on the Great Barrier Reef
3．Is this the museum？We visited it last year.
【点拨】Is this the museum that we visited last year？
4. Do you know the girl？She took photos here just now.
【点拨】Do you know the girl that took photos here just now？
5.The eggs are not fresh. We bought them in the store.
【点拨】The eggs that we bought in the store are not fresh.
6.I like the house. It is very big.
【点拨】I like the house that is very big.
话题七：描述一个地方
假如你是林浩，你的美国笔友David想来中国旅游。

请你根据表格中的提示内容给David发一封电子
Dear David,
From your email I know you want to visit China. That’s a good idea.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________
I hope you’ll e soon and wish you a lot of fun.
Yours,
Lin Hao 【参考范文】
Dear David,
From your email I know you want to visit China. That’s a good idea. That’s a good idea. As you know, Beijing is the capital of China. It has a long history. In Beijing there are many places of interest, such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace. The best time to e here is summer and autumn.
It’s fun to go surfing in Dalian or Qingdao in summer. Besides, you can visit Hainan. It’s like spring all the year round there. And you can go scuba diving. I think you’ll enjoy yourself in China.
I hope you’ll e soon and wish you a lot of fun.。