【英语】英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项习题及答案解析及解析

【英语】英语阅读理解(科普环保)专项习题及答案解析及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A shark moving around the coastline is normally a worrying sight，but this waterborne drone (无人机) threatens floating rubbish instead of people.
Developed by Dutch company RanMarine, the WasteShark takes nature as its inspiration with its whale shark-like mouth. Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.
According to RanMarine, the WasteShark is available in both autonomous and remote-controlled models. Measuring just over five feet by three-and-a-half feet (1.5 meters by 1.1 meter), it can carry up to 352 pounds of rubbish (159.6 kg) and has an operational battery life of 16 hours.
By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.
"WasteShark also has the abilities to gather air and water quality data, remove chemicals out of the water such as oil, and heavy metals, and scan the seabed to read its depth and outlines," said Oliver Cunningham, one of the co-founders of RanMarine. "Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches."
"Our drones are designed to move through a water system, whether it's around the perimeter (周边) or through the city itself. The drones are that last line of defense between the city and the open ocean," added Cunningham. "WasteSharks are operating in Dubai, South Africa and the Netherlands and cost $ 17, 000 for the remote-controlled model and just under $ 23, 000 for the autonomous model."
Dubai-based operator Ecocoast has two WasteShark drones. Co-founder Dana Liparts says they will clean waterfronts for clients including hotels and environmental authorities and that Ecocoast' intention is to have the collected rubbish recycled or upcycled. However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.
（1）What do we know about the WasteShark?
A. It can frighten sharks away.
B. It is an ocean explorer.
C. It is a rubbish collector.
D. It can catch fish instead of people.
（2）What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
A. The causes of ocean pollution.
B. The dangers of using plastics.
C. The severity of ocean garbage pollution.
D. The importance of ocean protection.
（3）What will the WasteShark do with an approaching object?
A. Avoid crashing into it.
B. Break it into pieces.
C. Swallow it.
D. Fly over it.（4）Which of the following ideas does Liparts agree with?
A. The WasteShark should be used more widely.
B. More measures should be taken to make water clean.
C. The production cost of WasteSharks should be reduced.
D. People should take a positive attitude to new technology.
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种水上无人机可以用于清理浮在水面上的垃圾。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Responsible for collecting waste, the drone will begin operations in Dubai Marina in November after a year of trials with local partner Ecocoast.”可知，这种无人机是用来清理垃圾的，故选C。

（2）考查段落大意。

根据第四段中的“By 2016 there were approximately 150 million tons of plastic in the world's oceans. One paper from December 2014 estimated that over a quarter of a million tons of ocean plastic pollution was afloat.”可知，预计到2016年，海洋里会有1.5亿吨垃圾，估计约有25万吨垃圾漂浮在海洋上，故可知，本段主要讲述海洋垃圾的严重性，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的"Fitted with a collision-avoidance system, the drone uses laser imaging detection and ranging technology to detect an object in its path and stop or back up if the object approaches."可知，配备防碰撞系统，无人机使用激光来探测物体，用测距技术来探测前方是否有物体，如果探测到物体，无人机就会停下来或者后退，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“However, Liparts argues that cleaning waterways doesn't have a one-size-fits-all solution and requires a combination of new technology, preventative measures and changing people's attitudes towards littering.”可知，这种无人机并非解决水上垃圾污染的万全之策，需要多措并举，才能达到目的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Supercomputers which can analyse blood samples and predict which patients are likely to become seriously ill could save tens of thousands of lives a year, it was revealed last night, according to The Daily Express.
The artificial intelligence (AI) system, developed at University College London and set to be piloted in NHS hospitals later this year, will screen "at risk" patients so doctors can take early
action to prevent death or serious illness. Prof Young, a consultant surgeon at Southend University Hospital, said: "I am so excited about this form of technology." Instead of people getting sick or dying because they are not picked up in time, this will allow us to step in earlier which will save lives and an enormous amount of money. "I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was—and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare."
The technology is the brainchild of Dr Vishal Nangalia, a consultant at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He used AI to analyse a billion stored blood samples from 20 different UK hospital trusts dating back up to 12 years. Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red and white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill.
He found the technique forecast outcomes of patients with kidney problems with up to 95 per cent accuracy. Traditional methods highlighting serious patient concerns picked up as few as 16 percent of patients who went on to die. "This gives us the opportunity not only to save lives but to prevent serious illness, making the health service not only safer but more efficient." Prof Young said, "Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier."
（1）What does the underlined phrase "screen" in Paragraph2 mean?
A. comfort
B. treat
C. spot
D. nurse
（2）How do supercomputers help save lives?
A. By storing blood samples.
B. By analyzing patients' cases.
C. By observing changes in blood cells.
D. By assisting doctors with their operations.
（3）Why did Professor Young mention the Industrial Revolution?
A. To show the influence of AI.
B. To stress the importance of health care.
C. To introduce the topic of supercomputers.
D. To present the achievement he has accomplished.
（4）What do we know about the new technology?
A. It helps patients recover earlier.
B. It has helped save thousands of lives.
C. It will promote the health service greatly.
D. It is intended for patients with kidney diseases.
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍超级计算机能够分析血样并预测哪些病人可能会患上重病，每年可以挽救数万人的生命。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“so doctors can take early action to prevent death or serious illness. ”以便医生能够及早采取行动，预防死亡或严重疾病，可以猜测出，人工智能将用于对高危病人进行“筛查”。

此处screen意为“筛查”。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Computers assess blood test results by picking up subtle changes in red an d white blood cells, suggesting a patient is going downhill.”可知，计算
机通过检测红细胞和白细胞的细微变化来评估血液检测结果。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"I think the potential of AI in healthcare like this is as big as the Industrial Revolution was—and signals a completely new example in the way we manage healthcare." 杨教授认为，人工智能在医疗保健领域的潜力与工业革命一样大，以此类比，说明人工智能在医疗领域的影响力。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Instead of waiting for people to get worse, we will be able to treat them earlier." 可知，这项技术将能够更早地治疗患者，而不是坐等病情恶化，从而推断，人工智能这一科技帮助医生对疾病诊疗早预判，早介入，从而帮助挽救大量生命，将大大促进卫生服务。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

When we see a person in trouble, the first idea that comes to our mind is to lend a hand. But what if we see an animal in trouble, does the same rule apply?
This question was raised after a group of penguins were saved from an icy gully (峡谷) in Antarctica. It was filmed for the BBC wildlife series Dynasties. The film crew were anxious when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young. They built a slope (斜坡) so that a few of the penguins could save themselves.
The case has taken the international media by storm. Viewers watching this film let out a sigh of relief. "I'm so glad. I understand not taking action directly, but a helping hand isn't bothering, right?" viewer Kathryn Shaw said on her Facebook.
However, others think human interference (干涉) is unnatural. "You can't have sunshine throughout your life. To have done anything else would only make matters worse," said the show's creator David Attenborough, according to The Times.
In this case, however, Mike Gunton, the executive producer of the series, said that this was a one-off situation. "There were no animals going to suffer by interfering. You weren't touching the animals and it was just felt by doing this... they had the chance not to have to keep slipping down the slope," he told the BBC.
Such cases are familiar to Paul Nicklen, wildlife photographer for National Geographic. He told Metro, "If it's ever a predator (捕食者) situation, no matter how gut-wrenching, you stay out of the way. Even when you're watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear."
"There's no rule book in those situations. You can only respond to the facts that are right there in front of you," Will Lawson, the show's director, told Daily Mail.
（1）What has led to a heated media discussion?
A.People's various remarks on penguins.
B.The rescue of penguins from a gully.
C.Some penguins' sufferings in a gully.
D.Ways of filming the series Dynasties.
（2）Who holds a positive attitude towards human interference?
A.Kathryn Shaw.
B.Will Lawson.
C.Paul Nieklen.
D.David Attenborough.
（3）Which of the following best explains the word "gut-wrenching" underlined in paragraph 6?
A.Putting one in place.
B.Making one confused.
C.Putting one in danger.
D.Making one heartbroken.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Reasons for the Necessity of Lending a Hand to Animals
B.Suggestions on How to Protect Animals From Danger
C.Effects of Human Interference on Dangerous Animals
D.Opinions on Whether to Help Animals in Trouble or Not
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当动物们面临危险时，我们是否要伸出援救
之手，以及如何去保护它们脱险。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The film crew were anxious when they saw that a group of penguins had fallen into a gully and been trapped with their young. They built a slope
（斜坡）so that a few of the penguins could save themselves.”和第三段中的“The case has taken the international media b y storm”可知，从峡谷中救出企鹅这一事件引起了大家的热
议。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“I'm so glad. I understand not taking action directly, but
a helping hand isn't bothering, right?" viewer Kathryn Shaw said on her Facebook.”可知，她对帮
助动物是很赞成的，故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据上文大家对干涉动物的行为有不同观点，再结合下文的“yo u stay
out of the way. Even when you're watching a male polar bear eat a baby bear."可知，此句句意
为：如果这是个捕食的情景，无论你是多么的心碎，你都不能干预。

结合四个选项可知，
此处用Making one heartbroken（心碎）最合句意。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文就救助企鹅的视频引发的热议讲述了当动物面临危险时，我们
如何伸出援助之手给出了一些建议。

因此，本文的最佳标题应为“若何保护动物脱险的建议”。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一
篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行
分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

The clock always seems to be ticking rather too fast in the doctor's office and the queue of patients outside the door seems to be pressing rather too hard. Some say it's high time for the model of short, sharp one-to-one appointments to give way to shared medical appointments (SMAs共享医疗预约).
SMAs are doctor-patient visits in which a group of patients receive patient education and counseling (咨询), physical examination and medical support in a group setting. Typically SMAs are designed to have one or more doctors attend to a group of patients who share a common illness or medical condition. In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMAS provide a longer appointment time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.
However, doctors who have pioneered the shared appointment approach report that there are significant challenges involved. Dr. Sumego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland Clinic, identifies culture change as the most significant challenge. Physicians and nurses are trained in a model of personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge to those fixed ideas. They need shared goals and a way of testing the innovation against agreed standards. Dr. Sumego says, "The physicians may be worried about the possible chaos and efficiencies that are marketed. They also have to make the patients understand what their appointment is, and what the expectation is."
"So, if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians, develop the work-flow and develop some experience. Provide some support behind what that best practice should look like. Create some standards so that, as the concept spreads, you can employ that experience to start the next shared medical appointments and the next."
（1）What is the purpose of the SMA approach?
A. To improve medical service.
B. To promote doctors' reputation.
C. To conduct medical research.
D. To meet patients' expectation.
（2）According to Dr. Sumego, what prevents the SMA approach from being widely adopted?
A. Personal service.
B. Fixed ideas.
C. Lack of equipment.
D. Shared goals.
（3）What can the underlined "buy-in" in Paragraph 4 be replaced by?
A. practice
B. organization
C. purchase
D. support
（4）What can be learned about the SMA approach in the last paragraph?
A. It is currently being questioned.
B. It is impractical in some areas.
C. It will enjoy wide popularity soon.
D. It should be carried out step by step.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了SMAs (共享医疗预约) 模式，以及这种模式面临的挑战。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“In contrast to one-to-one visits, SMA provide a longer appointment time-frame as well as the opportunity for patients to have improved access to their physicians and meanwhile pick up additional information and support from peers.”可知SMAs模式为患者提供了更长的预约时间，也为患者提供了更好地与医生接触的机会，同时还能从同行那里获得额外的信息和支持。

这说明SAMs的出现是为患者提供更好的医疗服务。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Dr. S umego, director of shared medical appointments, Cleveland Clinic, …… personal service and privacy; the SMA approach is a fundamental challenge to those fixed ideas.”可知Dr. Sumego认为，文化转变是最大的挑战。

医生和护士接受的是针对个人服务和隐私的培训; SMAs方法是对这些固定想法的根本挑战。

也就是说，改变这些已经固定的想法是一种挑战，所以这些固定的想法会阻碍SMAs模式的推广，故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据最后一段中的“if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments，I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians”可知如果一个组织要寻求共享医疗模式的话，Dr. Sumego建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始他们的buy-in，根据语境，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“So, if an organization was looking to start shared medical appointments, I would advise them to start the buy-in from a few champion physicians, develop the… appointments and the next.”可知如果一个组织要开始SMAs，Dr. Sumego建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始，开发一些流程，积累一些经验。

制定一些标准，以便随着概念的推广，他们可以利用这种经验开始下一次共享医疗预约然后将下次的经验用到下下次。

这说明SMAs的实施需要一步一步来，不会一步到位。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．犇犇阅读理解
While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students in Auckland, New Zealand. They became the world's first kids to be "taught" by a digital teacher. Before you start imagining a human-like robot walking around the classroom, Will is just an avatar that appears on the student's desktop, or smartphone screen, when ordered to come.
The autonomous animation platform has been modeled after the human brain and nervous system, allowing it to show human-like behavior. The digital teacher is assigned to teach Vector's "Be sustainable with energy" — a free program for Auckland elementary schools.
Just like the humans it replaced, Will is able to instantly react to the students' responses to the topic. Thanks to a webcam and microphone, the avatar not only responds to questions the kids may have, but also picks up non-verbal cues. For instance, if a student smiles at Will, he responds
by smiling back. This two-way interaction not only helps attract the students' attention, but also allows the program's developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed.
Nikhil Ravishankar believes that Will-like avatars could be a novel way to catch the attention of the next generation. He says, “I have a lot of hope in this technology as a means to deliver cost-effective, rich, educational experience in the future.”
The program, in place since August 2018, has been a great success thus far. Ravishankar says, " What was fascinating to me was the reaction of the children to Will. The way they look at the world is so creative and different, and Will really captured their attention." However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.
（1）What was special for some elementary school students in Auckland?
A. A digital teacher taught them.
B. They first saw something digital.
C. This was the start of a new school year.
D. They could get close to smartphone screen.（2）What is the benefit of this two-way interaction?
A. It can smile back.
B. It can use microphone.
C. It can talk any topic for free.
D. It can change if necessary.
（3）What's Ravishankar's attitude to Will's replacing Human educators soon?
A. Optimistic.
B. Doubtful.
C. Unclear.
D. Disapproving.
（4）What might be the best title for the passage?
A. New High-tech Contributes to Education
B. The World's First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom.
C. The World's First Digital Teacher, a Help to Students
D. New Zealand Will Replace Teachers in Classrooms
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一款智能机器人走进小学课堂，为孩子们讲授能源可持续发展。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“They became the world's first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher”可知，他们成为世界上第一批由智能机器人老师“教”的孩子。

由此可知，特殊之处在于机器人老师教他们。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“This two-way interaction not only helps attract the students' attention, but also allows the program's developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed.”即“ 这种双向互动不仅有助于吸引学生的注意力，还允许程序的开发人员监视他们的参与度，并在需要时做出更改”，由此可得出，其优势在于需要时，可以做出变化。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.”可知，Ravishankar认为它不会在短期内代替人类教育工作者。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“While the start of a new school year is always exciting,
this year was even more so for some elementary school students in Auckland, New Zealand. They became the world's first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher”可知，从新学年开始，新西兰奥克兰的小学生将成为世界上第一批被机器人老师教的孩子。

之后文章就此展开，由此可推断出he World's First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom最符合本文的标题。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
Being able to land safely is a critically important skill for all flying animals. Comparatively speaking, ground living animals face no particular challenge when they need to stop running or crawling, while flying animals move at much higher speed, and they must be careful about how they land. Hitting the ground, or even water, at full flight speed would be quite dangerous. Before touching down, they must decrease their speed in order to land safely. Both bats and birds have mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently.
In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption, however, because for years nobody had actually studied in detail how bats move their wings. In recent years, though, researchers have discovered a number of interesting facts about bat flight. Bats are built differently from birds, and their wings are made up of both their front and hind limbs (肢体). This makes coordinating (协调) their limbs more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances. However, they are much better at the ability to adjust themselves: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or completely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do.
Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land-upside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an object overhead. One downside to this landing routine is that the bats often land with some force, which probably causes pain. However, not all bats hit their landing spots with the same speed and force; these will vary depending on the area where a bat species makes its home. For example, a cave bat, which regularly lives on a hard stone ceiling, is more careful about its landing preparation than a bat more accustomed to landing in leafy treetops.
（1）Which of the following is the topic of the passage?
A. Places where flying animals choose to land.
B. Why scientists have difficulty observing bats.
C. Differences in the eating habits of bats and birds.
D. Ways in which bats move differently from birds.
（2）Which of the following is a false assumption about bats that was recently corrected?
A. They cannot hear any sound.
B. They sleep upside down.
C. They fly similarly to birds.
D. They hide in tree branches.
（3）The word "it" (in 2nd paragraph) probably refers to "______".
A. the distance to the nets
B. the sense of flying height
C. the flying direction
D. the ability to change the speed
（4）According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Bats might hurt themselves when landing.
B. Bats can hang upside down like birds.
C. Bats can adjust speed before landing.
D. Bats and birds land in different ways.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者用研究事实来证明蝙蝠在飞行及运动方式与鸟类完全不同。

以前人们认为蝙蝠和鸟类在运动方面没有什么区别，但现在的研究证明蝙蝠的构造不同于鸟类，它们的翅膀由前肢和后肢组成，它们自我调节能力好，可迅速改变飞行方向，或完全逆行，这是鸟类不容易做到的，而且蝙蝠飞行的另一个有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立着降落的！这不同于那些降落在地上或树枝上的鸟。

（1）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的"Both bats and birds have mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently."提出了蝙蝠与鸟的降落方式及飞行的不同。

第二段用研究证明过去认为蝙蝠和鸟类在飞行运动方面没有什么区别是错误的。

尤其是"they are much better at the ability to adjust themselves: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or completely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do"可知蝙蝠与鸟的运动不同；第三段中的"Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land-upside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches,…"再一次说明了蝙蝠与鸟运动方式的不同。

综上所述，可知，蝙蝠与鸟运动方式的不同是本文的主题。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的"In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption, however, because for years nobody had actually studied in detail how bats move their wings…This makes coordinating (协调) their limbs more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances."可推断出，过去人们认为蝙蝠与鸟在飞行运动方式与鸟没有区别，最近的研究发现，这是不正确的，故也是要纠正的，故选C。

（3）考查代词指代。

划线部分的上下文说"蝙蝠在自我调节的能力上要好得多：蝙蝠可以迅速改变飞行方向，或者完全与它（正飞行方向）相反的方向飞行，这是鸟不容易做到的。

"由此可知，此处的"it"指的是飞行的方向。

故选C。

（4）考查推断判断。

根据第三段中的"Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land-upside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an object overhead. One downside to this landing routine is that the bats often land with some force, which probably causes pain."可知，蝙蝠飞行的另一个有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立着降落的方式！不同于那些降落在地上或树枝上的鸟，观察到蝙蝠可以四处飞行，然后突然倒挂在头顶的物体上。

这种降落方式的一个缺点是蝙蝠经常用力降落，这可能会导致疼痛。

因此蝙蝠与
鸟不同，蝙蝠可以倒挂着。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，代词指代和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms in India. Numerous ruins scattered throughout the territory offer a constant reminder of the area's history, which makes the city always be a fascinating place for tourists.
With the development of the city and more and more people moving, the city has expanded several times in size. That is why it is called New Delhi. New Delhi, a city with a population of over 20 million people, has its newest problem: never before has this city met with the worst air problem.
Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.
Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.
New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states. Fireworks and firecrackers to celebrate the Hindu festival of Diwali then arrives, leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city. The city's air quality index, which measures a mix of dangerous pollutants, registered an average score of 494 Sunday. That is the highest 24-hour average since Nov. 6, 2016, when it hit 497, according to data measured by the Central Pollution Control Board.
（1）Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Diwali is one of the most important festivals in India.
B.The government did little to protect its citizens against the serious pollution.
C.Such a serious air pollution in New Delhi appears on a regular basis.
D.The index of the recent air pollution is not the worst in the history.
（2）Who may not complain about the serious air pollution?
A.The parents whose children have to stay at home.
B.The pilots whose planes have been diverted or delayed.
C.The manufacturers who produce antipollution masks.
D.The officials who have to work out of their offices.
（3）Which of the following phrases can replace the underlined word in paragraph 5?
A.Sent out.
B.Sent up.
C.Sent in.
D.Sent on.
（4）The title of the passage should be .
A.Problems Caused by the Development of New Delhi
B.Dangerous Pollution Envelops New Delhi
C.Antipollution Masks Are in Great Need in New Delhi
D.Farmers in the Neighboring States are to Blame for Burning Crop Stubble
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动，城市规模的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。

虽然政府发誓解决污染问题，但由于污染严重，整个新德里处于危险的污染中，人们必须戴防污口罩，冬天天气寒冷污染物成雾霾，成为世界是污染最严重的城市。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第三段“Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.”印度首都的空气污染飙升至多年来最严重的水平，笼罩着这座城市的浓雾已成为年度公共卫生紧急事件，尽管政府誓言要解决这个问题；第五段“New De lhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust ..., leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city.” 新德里每年都会被污染吞没，随着天气变冷，汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飘动的灰尘，以及邻国农作物秸秆燃烧产生的烟雾，都会形成浓雾。

庆祝印度排灯节的烟花爆竹随后到达，使德里现在成为世界上污染最严重的城市；以及第四段中的“Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 在学校、学院、医院和市场上分发了数以百万计的防污口罩。

可知，政府尽管发誓解决这种污染，但情况不仅没有改变，反而更加严重，使得人们必须佩戴防毒口罩。

由此可判断出政府几乎没有保护其公民免受严重污染。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段“Hundreds of flights were diverted, delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.” 周末期间，由于能见度低，数百架航班被迫改道、延误和取消，学校和办公室周一关闭，官员们紧急采取措施，试图扭转不断恶化的空气质量。

学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。

由此可知，由于污染严重，学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。

所以生产防污染口罩的厂家要加大生产，是不会抱怨的，故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第五段中的“New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighbo ring states.”本句是说新德里每年都笼罩在污染中。

因为天气变冷，从汽车和以煤为。