2020版 第1部分 必修1 Unit 1 Friendship

Unit 1Friendship
[单词拼写应用]
核心单词
1.tip n．提示；技巧；小费
v t.倾斜；翻倒
2．upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的
v t.使不安；使心烦；打翻
3．calm v t.& v i.(使)平静；(使)镇定
adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的
4．grateful adj.感激的；表示谢意的
5．settle v i.安家；定居；停留
v t.使定居；安排；解决
6．dislike n．& v t.不喜欢；厌恶
7．outdoors ad v.在户外；在野外
8．partner n．伙伴；合作者；合伙人
9．teenager n．十几岁的青少年
10．ignore v t.不理睬；忽视
[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．When Li Ming settled (settle) here，he tried to get along well with his neighbours.
2．(2018·浙江卷)The next time you go to your mum's home for dinner，you get a few cooking tips (tip) from her.
3．I wanted to have a word with her，but she ignored(ignore) me and went away.
4．He stood up suddenly，upsetting(upset) a cup of coffee on my shirt.
5．Father sometimes goes to the gym with us although he dislikes(dislike) going there.
6．All of his partners(partner) helped him through the hard time.
7．Teenagers (teenager)are damaging their health because they are addicted to computer games.
拓展单词
1.power n．能力；力量；权力→powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerless adj.无能为力的；无权的
2．concern v t.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n．担心；关注；(利害)关系→concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的→concerning prep.关于；涉及
3．suffer v t.&v i.遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．折磨；苦难
4．entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的→entirely ad v.完全地；全然地；整个地
5．recover v i.& v t.痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recovery n．恢复；复苏；康复
6．exact adj.准确的→ exactly ad v.确实如此；确切地
7．dust n．灰尘→dusty adj.积满灰尘的
8．agree v i.同意→disagree v i.不同意→agreement n．协议；同意，一致
[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．Our parents are concerned about our health.As far as I'm concerned，we should talk with them and tell them our concerns．(concern)
2．The entire village was destroyed.It now looks entirely different from the previous one.(entire)
3．The doctor said her father would recover soon and we wish her father would make a full recovery from the operation.(recover)
4．The old man went through a lot of sufferings in the old days.What's worse，he suffered from a heart attack when he was in his eighties.(suffer)
5．A few people agreed while most people disagreed，so no agreement was made.(agree)
阅读词汇
1.survey n．调查；测验
2．loose adj.松的；松开的
3．thunder v i.打雷；雷鸣
n．雷；雷声
4.series n．连续；系列
5．pack v i.& v t.捆扎；包装；打行李
n．小包；包裹
6．suitcase n．手提箱；衣箱
7．highway n．公路；大路
8．swap v t.交换
9．curtain n．窗帘；门帘；幕布
10．overcoat n．大衣；外套
拓展联想
1.dis-否定前缀高频词集锦
①disagree v i.不同意
②dislike v t.不喜欢
③disappear v i.消失
④disappoint v t.使失望
⑤discourage v t.使气馁
⑥discover v t.发现
⑦disobey v t.违反
2.“感谢”家族
①grateful adj.感激的
gratitude n．感激
②appreciate v．感激；感谢
appreciation n．感激
③thank v．感谢
thankful adj.感激的
④acknowledge v．致谢；感谢
3.“n.＋-y”构成的形容词
①dirt→dirty脏的
②smell→smelly 臭的
③rain→rainy 多雨的
④snow→snowy被雪覆盖的
⑤cloud→cloudy阴天的
⑥wind→windy有风的
⑦health→healthy健康的
熟词生义
你知道下面句子中黑体词的汉语意思吗？
1．(2018·浙江卷)Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm­based society into an industrial power. 强国
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater's location was also a reason. 补充说
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves.The U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone.一群；群
[短语多维应用]
精讲5个考纲单词
1．upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.使不安；使心烦；打扰(upset；upset；upsetting)
(1)单句语法填空/单句改错
①She was upset to_know (know) that her application for the position was refused.
②The other day，all my plans upset by the sudden change of the bad weather.upset_前加were
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)I didn't know enough words and my grammar was also poor so it really made me upset.
(高级表达)I didn't know enough words and my grammar was also poor，which_really_upset_me．(upset v t.定语从句)
先理解再牢记
(1)be upset about/over/at sth.为某事心烦/难过
be upset to do sth.对做某事感到不安/难过
(2)upset oneself about sth.为某事而烦恼
It upsets sb.to do sth./that ...让某人心烦的是……
[熟词生义]I upset a cup of coffee on his shirt，making me quite embarrassed.(v t. 打翻)
2．oncern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n．担心；关注；(利害)关系
(1)单句语法填空
①Concerned (concern) about the student，the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
②We sincerely hope that the authorities concerned (concern) should take effective measures immediately to prevent the pollution from being bad to worse.
③You showed me some photos concerning (concern) environmental protection.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
依我看，你最好准时到，因为在中国守时是有礼貌的。

①In_my_opinion/view，you'd better arrive on time because it is polite to be punctual in China.(opinion/view)
②From_my_point_of_view，you'd better arrive on time because it is polite to be punctual in China.(view)
③As_far_as_I'm_concerned，you'd better arrive on time because it is polite to be punctual in China.(concern)
先理解再牢记
(1)show/express concern about/for对……表示关心
have no concern with 与……无关
(2)be concerned with 与……有关；涉及
as far as...be concerned就……而言；依……之见
(3)concerning prep. 有关；关于
[佳句背诵]With the global warming getting worse，people nowadays are more and more concerned about the environment where they live.
3．power n．能力；力量；权力；动力
(1)单句语法填空
①Though he has been in power for two years，he hasn't found an effective solution to the country's economic problems.
②As we all know，never before has our country been so powerful (power) as it is today.
(2)[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)I'll try my best to know more about Tang poetry.
(高级表达)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I'll do_everything_in_my_power to know more about Tang poetry.
先理解再牢记
(1)come to/into power 掌权；上台
beyond one's power 超出某人的能力
do all/everything in one's power＝do/try one's best尽力而为；竭尽全力
(2)powerful adj.强大的
powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的
[联想发散]表示“竭尽全力做某事”的常用表达还有：
make every effort to do sth.；spare no effort to do sth.等。

4．suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历Ｋ
(1)单句语法填空
①A large quantity of money has been collected to help those suffering (suffer)from the floods.
②The civil war of Syria has brought great sufferings (suffer) to tens of thousands of people.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)He had never suffered such a great loss before in his life，so he almost lost the hope for life.
(高级表达)Not_having_suffered_such_a_great_loss_before_in_his_life，he almost lost the hope for life.(分词作状语)
先理解再牢记
(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage遭受痛苦/失败
(2)suffering n．苦难；痛苦
(3)sufferer n．受难者；患病者
[名师点津](1)suffer指抽象的损害、痛苦等，如：suffer pain/defeat/losses/the result/side effects“遭受痛苦/失败/损失/(承受)结果/副作用”。

(2)suffer from常加具体的表示不幸或痛苦的名词，如：遭受战
争、自然灾害、疾病带来的痛苦。

5．settle vi.安家；定居；停留vt.使定居；安排；解决
(1)单句语法填空
①Mr.and Mrs.Brown would like to see their daughter settle down，get married，and have kids.
②Having settled into a beautiful village，he settled down to his research.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
有那么多噪音以至于我们不能专心于工作。

①There were so many noises that we were unable to be_absorbed_in our work.(absorb)
②There were so many noises that we were unable to settle_down_to our work.(settle)
先理解再牢记
(1)settle in/settle into sth.适应(新家、工作、环境等)
settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于
settle down to sth.着手认真做某事
(2)settler n．移民；殖民者
[名师点津]“写下，记下”表达还有：
write down；set down等
诠释3个核心短语
1．add up合计；把……加起来
(1)单句语法填空/单句改错
①I added up all the advantages and disadvantages and decided to take up the job.
②(2016·天津卷)The dictionary is out of date: many words have_been_added (add)to the language since it was published.
③Please add some sugar to the milk to make it more delicious.
④The money he spent within a month was added up to more than 1，000 dollars.
去掉was
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
此外，参加各种课外活动对你确实有益处。

In_addition，it does benefit you if you participate in a variety of after­class activities.
先理解再牢记
(1)add sth.up把……加起来
add sth.to sth.把……加到/进……里
add up to 加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)
add to 增加；增添
add that...补充说……
(2)in addition 另外
in addition to 除……之外
[熟词生义](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)He added that the theater's location was also a reason.(v t.补充说)
2．go through经历；经受；仔细检查；完成；用完
(1)写出下列各句中go through的含义
①I always start the day by going through my e-mails.查阅
②The plan went through，which made us all happy.通过
③Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.经历
④I had just gone through my homework when the telephone rang.完成
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
随着期末考试的临近，我们正忙于复习功课。

With the final examination approaching，we are_busy_going_over _our_lessons．先理解再牢记
go against违背；违反
go by 逝去；过去
go on 继续；进行；发生
go out 出去；熄灭
go over 复习；仔细检查
go up 上涨；上升；攀登
[佳句背诵]Although he has gone through ups and downs，I do believe he will succeed one day.
3．get along/on with与……相处；进展
(1)用介、副词填空
①In addition，every student can be in harmony with foreign friends，which makes it easy for you to get along with them.
②It's time that I got down to thinking about my future.
③Believe in yourself.You are sure to get over the present difficulty.
④I dialed the number many times，but it couldn't get through．
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
我很高兴地告诉你，我和我所有的老师和同学相处得都很好。

I'm pleased to tell you I'm_getting_along_well_with_all_my _teachers_and_classmates．
先理解再牢记
(1)get along/on well (nicely) with sb.与某人相处得好
get along/on well (nicely/smoothly) with sth.某事进展得好/顺利
(2)get down to (doing) sth.开始做某事
get through (电话)接通；用完；通过；度过
get over 克服
突破3个高考句型
1．(教材P1)While_walking_the_dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
当遛狗的时候，你不小心让它挣脱了绳子，狗被车撞伤了。

Ｋ
[要点提炼]状语从句的省略(while＋分词结构)。

句中While walking the dog 为时间状语从句的省略形式，相当于While you were walking the dog。

(1)单句语法填空
①(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)She gave me a comforting smile，nodded while listening(listen)patiently，and then printed out the ticket immediately.
②When asked(ask) about the secret of his success，he said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)If you are interested in the Chinese folk art，you can email me.
(高级表达)If_interested__in_the_Chinese_folk_art，you can email me.(省略) 先理解再牢记
(1)状语从句省略的条件：①when，while，though，even if，unless，if，as if 等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it。

②状语从句谓语中含有be动词。

(2)状语从句省略的内容：省略从句中的主语和be动词。

[佳句背诵]When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn't seen for years.
2．(教材P2)She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.
她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月后才被发现。

Ｋ
[要点提炼]before引导时间状语从句。

(1)写出下列句中before 的含义
①He was told that it would be at least three more months before he could recover and return to work.……之后才……
②Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but he hung up before I could answer the phone.不等……就……
③They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.在……之前
④John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.……不久就……
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
不久我将成为成年人，因此我既兴奋又有点紧张。

It_won't_be_long_before I become an adult，so I feel very excited as well as a bit nervous.
先理解再牢记
(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等……就……”。

(2)在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……之后才……”。

(3)在“It＋be＋not＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久就……”。

[温馨提示]“It be＋一段时间＋since引导状语从句”表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。

[佳句背诵]It has been two weeks since you returned your home and I've been missing you very much.
3．(教材P2)I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。

[要点提炼]it's...that...为强调句型。

(1)单句语法填空
①You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach
picks up tourists.
②It was not until he lost his job that he realized the importance of study.
③I wonder where it was that you called me yesterday.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)The elderly are usually the first to taste the food.It is served on the table.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
(高级表达) It_is_the_elderly_who are usually the first to taste the food served_on_the_table．(非谓语动词作定语，强调句型)
先理解再牢记
(1)基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that...
(2)一般疑问句结构：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that...?
(3)特殊疑问句结构：疑问词＋is/was it＋that...?
(4)特殊结构：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that...
[名师点津]若被强调部分为人，that可换成who。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The moment I saw the beautiful garden，I fell (fall) in love with it.
2．(2017·北京卷)That's exactly (exact) what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country.
3．Although Tim and Mike come from entirely (entire) different backgrounds，they are close friends.
4．As we approach our teenage years，we have to go through many physical and emotional changes.
5．Having spent some time in the city，he had no trouble finding (find) the way to the History Museum.
6．I wonder if you can give me some tips (tip) on how to get along with my new classmates.
7．Ignoring (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
8．It is no pleasure staying (stay) at home doing homework all day.
9．I would be grateful to you if you could give me some advice on how to make friends.
10．There was a time when I was always upset and easily got angry about some unimportant matters.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．There is no chance that Bill will recover his injury in time for the race.recover 后加from
2．In the face of great danger，it's important to keep calmly.calmly→calm
3．His friend has suffered the illness for some years.suffered后加from
4．Having got tiring of staying indoors for days，we are longing to go out and relax ourselves.tiring→tired
5．She gladly gave up her part-time job to devote herself entire to her
art.entire→entirely
6．He told me that it was the first time that he has talked with his father face to face.has→had
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
根据P2课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A good friend is someone who you can tell everything to，even your most personal feelings and 1.thoughts(thought)．Anne Frank treated her diary as her 2.best(good)friend.
The German Nazis were in search of Anne and her family.3.The family had to hide away from the chase.They didn't dare 4.(to)go(go) out even in the evenings.They had to stay indoors day and night.Not 5.being(be) able to go out for such a long time，Anne missed the beauty of nature so much 6.that she grew crazy 7.about everything to do with it.One evening she stayed up on purpose until eleven thirty just to see the moonlight.She said，“This is the first time I 8.have_seen (see) the night since I came here.”
9．Unfortunately (unfortunate)，Anne and her family 10.were_discovered (discover) at last and taken away from the hiding place.
Ⅱ.写作改错双练
根据提示利用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。

1．要想拥有朋友，你必须做一个诚实的人。

(in order to；have got to)
2．最好加入一些俱乐部并多参加活动以结识陌生人。

(join；take part in)
3．一旦你有了朋友，要学会去关心他们。

(be concerned about)
4．在任何时候不要忽视他们。

(ignore)
5．同样重要的是，要和他们好好相处，并经常和他们交流。

(get along with) 第一步：练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。

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第二步：练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请你帮他纠正过来。

In order to have friends，you have got to be a honest person.First，you'd better join in some clubs and take part in some activities meet new people.Second，once you have friends，try to be concerned about him.Don't ignore them at any st but not least，you should get along good with them and often communicate with them.
【答案】
In order to have friends，you have got to be a
an honest person.First，you'd better
join in＼some clubs and take part in some activities ∧
to
meet new people.Second，
once you have friends，try to be concerned about him
them.Don't ignore them at any
st but not least，you should get along good
well with them and often communicate
with them.。